Academia.eduAcademia.edu
Download Free PDF
paper cover icon
Download Free PDF
paper cover thumbnail

An Overview of Peruvian Archaeology (1976-1986)

An Overview of Peruvian Archaeology (1976-1986)

An Overview of Peruvian Archaeology (1976-1986)

An Overview of Peruvian Archaeology (1976-1986)

An Overview of Peruvian Archaeology (1976-1986)

Profile image of richard burgerrichard burger

Related Papers

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Regional Geophysics of the Basin and Range Province

1974 •

George Thompson

View PDF
Ибн Хаукал и его труд “Сурат ал-ард”. Часть 1. Картина земли. Джурджан. Море ал-Хазар. Saarbrücken: LAP, 2017.

Shamsiddin Kamoliddin

This book contains the Russian translation of the parts related to the general description of the Earth, Jurjan and other lands surrounding the Caspian Sea given in the work "Configuration of the Earth" by Ibn Hawqal (3rd c. A.H./10th c, A.D.), written in Arabic. The text translated and commented by Shamsiddin Kamoliddin.

View PDF
"A minha opinião é a seguinte…” Um perfil dos participantes em espaços de opinião pública nos média em Portugal”.

Fábio Ribeiro

Antes da emergência e da consolidação definitiva de novas formas de comunicação, popularizadas pelas redes sociais a partir da segunda metade da primeira década do século XXI, é relativamente pacífico considerar que se instalava progressivamente uma ideia otimista, emancipadora e apologista dos contributos que a tecnologia poderia oferecer ao terreno da sociabilidade digital, entre as relações intersubjetivas e o modo como as próprias pessoas se relacionavam com os meios de comunicação social. Hoje, mais de dez anos depois da criação da primeira grande rede social, como o Facebook em 2004, aquele ciber-otimismo parece de algo modo reconvertido a um negativismo que atribui, quase indiscriminadamente, pouco valor àquilo que os cidadãos podem oferecer com contributos e leituras em espaços dedicados à opinião pública nos média.

View PDF

[Arabian and Islamic Studies. A collection of papers in honour of Mikhail Borisovich Piotrovskiy on occasion of his 70th birthday] Исследования по Аравии и Исламу. Сборник статей в честь 70-летия Михаила Борисовича Пиотровского. М., 2014. С. 74–79.

[South Arabia in Geography of Clasical Myth] Южная Аравия в античной географии мифа

Mikhail Bukharin

Describing South Arabia, Classical authors widely used place- and ethnic names of the Classical tradition of the Northern Black Sea region. From the very beginning of Greek colonization of the Black sea, this region was considered as lying outside "this" world and as a part of the "outer" world. Classical historians and geographers adopted local South Arabian ethni and place-names for they sounded like their "analogues" in the Northern Black sea region: they treated extreme South of the world as also lying in the "Outer" world.

View PDF
Ибн Хаукал и его труд “Сурат ал-ард”. Часть 2. Хорасан. Saarbrücken: LAP, 2018.

Shamsiddin Kamoliddin

This book contains the Russian translation of the part related to Khorasan in the "Surat al-Ard" ("Configuration of the Earth") by Ibn Hawqal (3rd c. A.H./10th c. A.D.), written in Arabic. The text translated and commented by Shamsiddin Kamoliddin.

View PDF
Shape memory alloys: properties, preparation and use in engineering and medicine

Сергей МММ

View PDF
Principles of syntactic idiomatization

Mihail Kopotev

View PDF

Literary Onomastics Studies

It's All in the Name": Amorous Vision and Poetic Creativity in Ronsard's Sonets pour Helene

2014 •

Donald Gilman

View PDF

CAUCASO-CASPICA

БУРЖУАЗНЫЙ ТИФЛИС КАК АНТИТЕЗА ДВОРЯНСКОГО ПАРТИКУЛЯРИЗМА

2019 •

Beniamin Mailyan

The article refers to the period of the second half of the XIX-beginning of the XX century, when with the development of commodity-money relations in Georgia, cardinal changes took place not only in the socio-economic sphere, but also in interethnic relations. The reason was the new capitalist system that replaced the feudal order, which gradually began to undermine the old foundations. Prior to this, the positions of the Georgian nobility were quite strong. They were hereditary landowners and possessed estate privileges. The Armenian element in Tiflis formed a layer of wealthy citizens - the bourgeoisie, which was able to quickly master market mechanisms. A considerable part of the landlord class, on the contrary, was not able to transfer the economies belonging to them to the rails of the capitalist economy. There were sharp rebukes against compradors who were accused of economic bankruptcy of the local aristocracy. In addition, the course towards national revival declared by the Kartvelian intelligentsia came into irreconcilable conflict with the policy of Russification. As a counterweight to the commercial and industrial expansion of the Armenian bourgeois and the ambitions of the imperial bureaucracy was put forward a program for restoring Georgian sovereignty.

View PDF

AIR 300-1 (Australian Road Research Board)

The analysis of journey structure: Linkage between different stages of a journey

1978 •

Marcus R Wigan

Journeys are usually made in a number of stages involving a series of consecutive stages or trips which are linked in the sense that each stage or trip follows and precedes another stage or trip, but the decision to enter or leave a particular stage or trip may or may not be dependent upon some function of the last one entered. This report sets up tests to determine whether such 'dependent' linkages exist. One possible approach is that of Markov chains, and the use of this technique in this and other circumstances is investigated. A particular data set based on the 1971 Reading survey has been employed to demonstrate the working of the tests, and it is shown that in this town Markov chain linkage between different stages of a journey cannot be demonstrated. The absence of such checks in other published papers using Markov approaches throws some doubt on their utility. Data on the movements of pedestrians in the Basingstoke shopping precinct have been used to show how such tests can be used in practice, and a stationary first order chain is demonstrated to be consistent with these data

View PDF
##-2 .2 #+(%'%!2  2    2 &'0(+2 12  2 02 $$-"2 ./*2 $2 ""2 ( ,*2 )*(.2 Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only.            !! ! âõYıı ÞYĢ ­”›ı ñ ı ïY“Ĥ”mı éĮı å“Y›ı áYYû  5ı ?ýúñ?Ɗ P?YHRP?MJY\n ?PAn ?W@G?BRMRF\n IPn TCWZn &ı   ı ı ı CY ı  ı ı  ı (ı   ı ı  ı 30ı 8ı  ı ı ı ı ı ı ı 44ı ı   ı ı  ı ı &ı ¨  (ı ı ı ı  ı <ı  ı /GF Ɂ /@@¦Ɂ çğ@{Ɂ GçŽ Ɂ GGÏ]4Ɂ M ı ı ı ‹ı  ı į ıı  ċ  ı  ıı&45*ıııı  4 ı  30ı /ıP ı bıı &5—ı¢ıJ  ıı9 ııı ı ı ı ı ;ı ,Èı ı ı   ­ı ı ı ı &ı ı ı ı ı ı ı ı   ı ı ı   ı ?( Z?4 ı   [ı J¹ ı ı ı   (  ı ı  @ ı •3 –ı ı  ı Yı ı ı ı ı ı &ı ı ı ı ı ı ;ı ,0ı 8ı  (ı  ı ı •  ı   –ı ı   ı G1”ı ı ı àı ı ı fı ı  ı ı ı   ı fı ı &Hı ?ı 1 ı   *ı  ı ı ë1ı 1  (ı ı ı  ı  ı ı ı ı Gı P ı *ı   ı    ı ¼ *ı    ı 3*ı ı ı ır(ı ı ı ı 0ı Iı ı  ı ı  ı     ı *ı M ı8ı -GEF5Ɂ @ (ıı ı  ı ıı   *ı   ı ı ı 4ı ;ı ,ı ı M*ı ı ı   ı *ı @ ııı8ıy 0ı Iı&Éı ı ı/3 *ııı ı @ ı ¨  (ı ı  *ı ı ı ı ı ı ı  ııı    ı Hı F“ı  ıı (ıfıı^ ı 9eı 8 ııXı `   *ı &4ı4  (ııı fıı4ı ı     ı 4 (ı*ı ı ı*ı ııı( ıı ıııııı ıııııı4 ı $1n !!(3Y7d0!v(%v ,! wdt!!z0!.!!Ċ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. GFɁ .,,1   Vı Oı  ı  b ı   ıı1ıı ıı  İ  ı  ı  ı :ı  ı  ı  2 ı  ı T’Àı   ı   ı    ı ı   ı   ‚ı?  ıı ı €  ı ı ı ıı4  ııı   ı iı <×[ı ı9  ıµıı ?TK?=ı ı ¬ı  2ı <0[ı I 2 :ı 9 2 =0ı ?ı ı ıı ı  ı  ı ; ı ,:ı   ı ı ı   ı   ı  ı TÁı   ı  ı   ı   ı  :ı ı  ıT´ı/ ı -/F]Ɂ G:ı  ıT! ı ı ı ıı ıı i ıı  ı ı   ıāıı Ė  ı  ’0ı ,  ı1ıı; ı,ıı ı ı  ı4 ı ı ı   ı  1ı &4 ı   [ı I ı mı ı   ı ı &1@  ı   ı  ı  ı ı  ı  ı  ı     ı  :ı i   ı p ı M :ı Kı L :ı ‡ı ‡*ı Kı /:ı  ıKıK :ı ı 1  ı ĉ ııê4i ı?  ı  ı  ı & ı   ı -GZF]4Ɂ y  ı O ı ı  ı ƒpˆ¦Ɂ  ı     ı  ı ı ı ı ı  ı 4i ı  ı ı K ı ĝ ı  ı  ı ^ı / Vı p ı ı   ı  :ı   ı  ı ı ^ ı K:ı K ı ,  :ı F1ı ¤  :ı  ı ^ ı /11ı ı   ı ı  ııııı ı ı ıı Vı Oı  ı  ı  ı ı  © ı  :ı ı   ı ı  ı ıı ı  ı ıı1ıěı  0ı Oı  ı  ı1  ı ı  ı  ı ı  ı  ı    ı ı &1ı  ııėVı Oıı Œ ı ıı  ııı ı ı  ı :ı ı   ı ó ı  1z ı ı &1 ı  :ı  ı ı   ı ı ı  üı ® ı &1 ı   1 ı {C [ı Oı ;,ı   ı    bı   ı ı ı    ı 1 ı ı T1@  ı   ı  ı ı ı ı   ı 0ı ?ı ı  *ı ı 2ı ı ı 2  ı ı ı ı   ı ® ı Tı  ı  ı ı ; ı ,Vı Kı  ı/11ıı ııı_1 ı ı, :ı ıı   ıı ı &Ĭ0ı Oı ı ı ı  Œ  ı  ı ı T’L ı 1ù ı ı Œıı ı; ı ı  CUı M2 :ı ı; ı ıO3Uı ? mı  ı 9C [ı ,  ı  ı iı ı   ı  ı ı ı ı  ıı  ı  ı ı ı;,ı  ı  ı ı ;,ı   ı  ı  ı  ı  ı ı  ı ı ı ı   ı&! ı [ı I   :ıT! ı2 ı ı ý ı ı   ı þ ıı ıııı; ı,:ı ı  ıı ı  ı ı3 ııK ı ı ı ı ıı Nı -çğG] Ɂ ı     ı   ı ı /ı  ı^  ı - —pZ5ŭɁ  ı ı ı ı  ı   ı ı ı M ı <DDÅı ı  ı ‡  ı {Ɗ & Âı &  ı G ı ı  ı 9  ı 9Vı Mı /ı  ı 9 ‹ı Ÿ ı ı  ı Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. (,./%1 ,'$'01 :/):5) n G@Ɂ , ıI ! wı  ı / ı ç ı ı & ı ı  ı ž Ú ı ä!"@  ı "ı ! ı &! ı ı >>ı !ı  "ı  ı   .ı  > ı  ı &!ı  "ı ı ;,ı  ! Uı  ı  ı ı ı 3g ı ı ı   ı ı ?"Z?  ı  "0ı 8 ı " ı " gı  ı  ı ;,ı  ı &! ı  " "ı @ ! ı  ı " ı ı  ı  gı ! ı ı ;,ı !   ı «ı Mı /˜ ı  "ı ı X! ı N!""ı X! ˜ ı @ -.&4@ *@ :'? 7:15@-@* *7@ 1:@  ı ı ı5ı ZɁ   ıı #n Hı p!u ı  ı ıÊı ı" ı"ııı "ı " ı ı&5à ıg ! ı ±!a"ı ;!48@ (@ :4-@ !-+(@ ı ı ı ;,ı " Uı ı  ı "ı ı32 ıı&5ı  ıı ı ı  ııı  "  ı 6& n 8 ı " "ı ı ı ı " ı g "kı ı &>5 ı >ú "ı  ı  >ı  6Ħ ı ı &5 ı 65"5ı  ı  ı  ı /1:* 676@ ™V0ı &>5   ÆHı Iı ı 2 ı  ı ı ı  6ı  ı &>5 ı 5 ı  ! ı ı  ı ı  "ı ı  ı ı ı  ı j ı ı Xı ? 0ı ?  ı ı 6 " ıæ ıXkı/# nı3"šı ½/3 ı  ı ı!Cı ı  ı66ı"! ı  ı  ı5 ı ;,ı  "  Uı  ı6 @ "6"ı  ĥËı ı ı 5ı  ı ÿı  ı   ı đ5 6 0¾ı /36 ı  "  ı ı  ı  ı 2 ı   "ı ı   ı 5uĠ  wı  ""ı ³" ı  ı  "6"ı >ı  "ı  ""ı "ı ı  ıı ıĂ ı ""5 eı I ı   Uı ı  ıı&5 ı Ğ"@ ı ıı  "ı  ıı  ı  ıı"ı ı  "ıı  ı ı #6n /@@\4Ɂ Juj " Uı  ı    ı   ı ı &>! ı  ! ı ı ı6 " "ı  ı  ı   ı >"ı   ı ı  "60ı 8 ı !  ı ı &5 ı   ı  !ı   ı ı   ı !  ı ı  ı   ı ą  ı  ı  ı jZı   ı  ı ı  ı " ı  ı  ı " Zı  ı ±  ı ı &! ı !"!"ı  5 ı ı 5u6 ı ı 6 ı  ı uı 5 "2"ı ı  ı ııı "ı ı "ı  ı  "" 5"ı  ı ı ı ı 6" "ı !  eı y ı&>5Uıı> 6"ı6 >ıăığ6"6"ı>  ı ııı; c ıı, ı/  Ìı !ııĀÒ  ı ı3 ı"  ı ı Xı  ı ı   Hı ! wı X5 wı  ı/ ı ªı ı  ı Pı 6 ıı ı, ı/6 ıııı" ıı6 eı X5 ı ı  ı  ı p6ı ı  ı /5 ı J6 "ı ı ? >"¯ı ı ?G5"¯ı >ı :/#n ı :/:n  ı  ı ı6 ı ı ı// nı  ı6ıı5 ı ı  >6"ı" ıı "6"ı "  Hı O ı 6ħı ı" ı 3Ęı  ıı Ąę! "ı  ıı ı"ıF"ıž ı ĄE;5»Ɂ 8 ı  ı ı " ı/3 ı ııg ıı&5ı ı  ııı ı; ı ;6Ɂ .,,1 Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. , ırȒ66ɁA;AɁA;;5Ɂı ıııııaı ı/3 ı ı ı  ıı ı  ı  ıı&*ı9 .*ı ı/30ı 8 ı(ı .ı ı  ı /3 ı (ı(ı (ı &ı  .(  ı rŸA Ɂ A/DɁ A/E5Ɂ  ı ıı  ı ı ı ı .( ıı  ı   ı   (ı ~ıı ~ ı ;ı , *ı ı ı. ı ı  ı   ı ı .ı  ı 3ı ı  ı .ı (ı ı   (  0ı  "   " "   " " /ı (ı  .(.ı  ı ı  ı . ı ı ı  ı ı  Ěıı ı  ((ııı  ı. ıı ı&ı0ı èı  ı |.ı ı ďkı ı Ɛ@Y/OɁı ı  ı  ı  ı  ĩı  ı ı  0ı 8 ı  ı ı ((ı ı  ı  ı  ı ı2ı ı ı  ı (ı 4 ı rA6ƑɁ Aa654Ɂ ¥.ı ı 4ı   ı  ı ı ı   ııı(ı3 ı r@Ÿ Ɂ AŸa Ɂ AaDɁ D;A5Ɂ ı ı 4 ı ı  ı  ı  ı 2 ı  ı  ı .ı 0ı ,ı    ı ı ( ı ı j .ı Ć ı   ı  ı ı (ı . ı j ıı ı  ıı ~ı  ıı ı¤ı4ı r/ĎƕEĎɁ DA;54Ɂ 8 ı ( ı ı  ı  ı °2ı †ôkı ı 84P. *ı  ı ..ı  ı c ı ı *ı  *ı  *ı ı  ıPı.ı2 ı4P *ı  ı   ı  ı ı ı 0ı MɁ . ı2ı ı  ı ı(ııı ( ı  ( ı ııı†4zıı /@Ÿ;Ɂ ı(ıııPı  ı 2ı 9 ı ı &2ı ı (aÓ  ı  (ı ıı  ı (0ı Fı  ı¢ı z*ı ~ ı ı ıì ı ıı9 ( ı ı(ıkıı  ı ı  ı (ı 4*ı ı  ı ı ı N(ı  ı ı ı ı |ı .0ı 8 ı   ( ı ı ı&ı  ı 2 ı ı . ı ıı4ı  ı  ı rA;ɁAYɁA6/5 Ɂ  ( ı ıaı ı ıı   ı ı z ı   0ı 8 ı ı  ı ( ı  ı ı  ı (aı ıı  ı ı(ııı(*ı  ı ı  ı (a  ı  .ı ġ ı ı  ı  (ı ı ı c   ı 4ı ı 4 .(.ı  ı rAa/Ɂ Aa;5ƆɁ 8 ı a ı  ı .(ı &— ı ı ( ı ı ı ı ı ı   ( ı  (°0ı 8 ı .ı ı F4ı  ı ı &ı ı  ı  ı ı j ı ı &ı  .(ı ı ı ı (ı ı Fı  . Øı 8 ı N. ı 9(ı K 4ı &P*ı  ı ıı q ıNı(4(ır*ı .ı rı 3 ıı(ı  ıı ı.ı^||ı` ııN4¶ı  .(  ı   ı  ı (ı ı ı ı ¥.ı q.ı   0ı ã *ı  ı N ı 9(ı &{ı  .ı ı  ı ı {dĊ 2ı Ì];PŠƒeÆĊ e;~ºe]^„^O‹Ċ  <1,- <8* n ;/Ɂ    ı*ı  ıı'ı'ı  ı ıı ı!ı rί¯‚Ɂ DDF\ƢɁ ı F6ŐɁ 'ı ı  ı # ı ı dı O ı !*ı #œı ı 3 ı ı ˆı ı /@F6Ɂ ı —@F—Ɂ #ı Ĩ ı ı # ı  ı 'ı  ı ı rP>Z\ěɁ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only.  8 ı ı ı &¸!ı   ı 3#ı ı  ı Sı &ı /ı ı ı 'ı !}sı  ı ı ı &!ı #  ı SZ&!ı  ı r 2ı ır  ı!##ı'ı ı‰ 2ı¡!c ı r¯LčɁ D —n\4Ɂ 9!ı ıı ı&Lı 2ı8tCı rnL@‚Ɂ DZ/\Ɂ ı M «ı rA/\Ɂ ı  ı ı ı ı &!ı ı !ı N¶ı   ı ! ı ı ı #!  ı !ı ı Sı {!C ı 2ı *"*@ 66(2@ 1#<@ ı "92$@ >:3@ (()"**@ :*@ 3(",*@ 1%-(-"@ r/P‚Ɂ /6/‚Ɂ //¯‚Ɂ /¯6‚Ɂ /ƗP\4Ɂ í ı Sı   ı ı ! ı  ı  ı ı  Cı'ı¹# ıı ı  ı 3 @ ı  G!ı   ı 'ı  ı !ı 'ı F!#ı # 0ı q ı ## ı ı &!mı  ı ı  ı ‘ı ‘#}ı ! Íı  ²!ı ı b ı3#!ı'ı#  ı ı  !ıı/ı rn;;\Ɂ ı  ı ı 'ı  ı 9ģı , Đı ı  ! #!ı rn/n\4Ɂ 8 ı Sı  ı ı &!ı   ı 3ı ı  ı ı 'ı &!ı !ı ı Sı ı  ı 't ı ı #!  ı 'ı     ı  ıı Sı ı &!ı rLčɁ Z‚Ɂ n —7\4Ɂ 8 ı Sı Cı ı µı ıı  ı   ı'ı ı/!ı/3ıð Îı ı     ı !!ı ı 90ı q ı 3ı Sı !##ı 'ı &!ı     ı  ı ı ı   ı  *ı  ı Cı 'ı ¡ ı rA>‚Ɂ ;@‚Ɂ L6‚Ɂ /D;‚Ɂ —ZAĐ/ZL\Ɂ ı ^#ı rn¯LŸD;>\Ɂ ı  ı !##ı     ı  ıı#ı'ı ı'ı#  ıı&!ı'ı ı ıı Vı _ ı !sœı 2ı 9!ı rAnDŬɁ D;D\‚Ɂ 9ı rDLDŹDLZ\Ɂ ,#ı rA\‚Ɂ ı & ı r —LD‚Ɂ D@6\‚Ɂ ı  ı #  ı #ı    ı dı 8 ı xJF,9_ı ı ı ı # ı ı &!ı   ı  ı ı ! ı0ı Iı#ıı ıı# ııı ıı ıI ı !ı ı ı !ı 9!b ı 'ı !ı ı   ı #ı  ı ı Z}ı ! ‘ Ô ı#P ıı&Lı ıı, ı/! dı ,!c ı 'ı     ı ı ı  ı o!b ı ı ™&Fˆı > —ƇƛD@\Ɂ ı ı #ı ı 3 ı ı ı !## ı xJF,9_ı 2ı ı  ı !ı'! !ı ı ı 'ı ıLı ı 9!b 0ı p#ı  ı # #ı'ııı ı'ı &Lı   ııxJF,o_@ #ı #{ ı ı / !ı & !*ı _ *ı & *ı 9  *ı 8 Ïı ı  }ı mı 'ı    ı #!  ı ı ı ' ‚ı J  *ı  ı xJF,o_ı#P ı ªı'ıı#ßıı'ı # ı ı  ı ı  ı 'ı &!ıı ıı #Hı /ı ı ı ı ı  ı ¸ı ı  ı  !ı  ı ı  ı Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. ;AɁ SP;O];Ċ Ɂ2Ɂ  ɁM Ɂ  TɁ J Ɂ H ɁgɁ #Ɂ u Ɂ Ɂ  ɁɁ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ2Ɂ ‘‘ Ɂ Ɂ‘Ɂ    Ɂ  Ɂ gɁ Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  TɁ J Ɂ Ɂ HɁ2Ɂ ɁŊ ɁɁ2 ɁɁ#Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ2ɁM Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ x?tɁ ɁɁ} =Ɂ Ɂ‰Ɂ-/>e ɁP>>5Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ȼ ɁɁ/ƒÐjɁ2Ɂ ɁE]^`k]n>ihl`gL(ab^]n>f_cf]n  ɁV`mcjk]n>f_cf]n  Ɂ2Ɂ #  Ɂ  Ɂ= Ɂ Ɂ M Ɂ  =4Ɂ J Ɂ = Ɂ ==Ɂ Ɂ    ɁɁ  Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ2Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ 2Ɂ 2Ɂ  Ɂ  ÝɁ Ɂ Ɂ -je Ɂ />e Ɂ PPE54Ɂ ÑɁ Ɂ ɁÝDžɁ  ɁɁIɁ Ɂ    Ɂ Ɂ Š³“k[™Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ 2Ɂ s  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ 2Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ I?tËɁ sɁ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ -/; Ɂ ;AmɁ /6Aď/6;mɁ Pj; Ɂ jeƒ54Ɂ VɁ 2 mɁ Ɂ Ɂ [` mɁ M   Ɂ Jȃ Ɂ  ɁMlɁ ɁɁ Ɂ ɁɁ u Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ űg#Ɂ kɁ UR94Ɂ J Ɂ Ɂ 2Ɂ x?ËɁ  Ǹ Ɂ Ɂ 2Ɂ  Ɂ # Ɂ Ɂ gɁ Ɂ   Ɂ ŅɁ Ɂ  Ɂ# = Ɂ    Ɂ ɁɁ ɁɁ Ɂ  4Ɂ }ɁɁ ɁȊllɁ  ɁîĵǺɁ Ɂ  ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ#ɁɁ Ɂ g#+ɁɁJ  mɁ #  Ɂ2Ɂ u Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ gɁ  Ɂ tņɁ 2Ɂ  Ɂ ItɁ Ɂ -/EÐ54Ɂ Š2? Ɂ  Ɂ  ,Ɂ  Ɂ    Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ 2Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ dž= Ɂ -P>e54Ɂ J Ɂ /ƒÐjɁ =Ɂ = Ɂ #Ɂ  Ɂ ՕɁ  Ɂ I=tɁ  Ɂ = ŇɁ €=Ɂ  Ɂ =ȥɁ €Ɂ I=ĂËɁ Ɂ   Ɂ   Ɂ I  Ɂ 2  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 2Ɂ  Ɂ 2#Ɂ u  ǹɁ 2Ɂ Ɂ # Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ -jeP54Ɂ kɁ  ɁɁɁ9Ɂ ɁɁɁ ɁɁl ɁɁ  ` Ɂ  Ɂ +4Ɂ J Ɂ Ɂ  g#  Ɂ2Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ɁȄ2Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 2Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ gɁ  Ɂ  Ɂ 2Ɂ U Ɂ Ɂ 2 Ɂ 2 Ɂ }ȦɁ ²=Ɂ -/j/ Ɂ />/ Ɂ jP/5 Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ gɁ  Ɂ Ɂ 2 Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ˜ïɁ  Ɂ -;;5 Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ[ ɁɁHɁ2 Ɂ ɁÓ#Ɂ  Ɂ-E> Ɂ eE Ɂ ee5 Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ [lɁ  ɁɁ#Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 2=ÃɁƴ,à Ɂ -jƍæ5TɁ MɁ #? Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 2Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  ɁɁxt Ɂê= Ɂ Ɂ Ɂƿ ɁkɁ-/ƒ Ɂƒ6 Ɂ/6E Ɂ/;/ P6EåP6> Ɂ PƒE Ɂ Pƒe Ɂ jPP Ɂ jPE54Ɂ J Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ I?Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  =Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  ØɁ 2Ɂ ȅ 4Ɂ VɁ  Ɂ Ɂ /ƒ>6mɁ  Ɂ  Ɂ 2Ɂ Ɂ ›ā ɁMȸ Ɂ2# ɁɁ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ   ɁɁ ɁɁ#  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ2 Ɂ ɁŠ Ɂ kɁ2 ɁɁ 2Ǟ ɁɁɁɁ #gƠɁ ɁH  Ɂ Ɂ2Ɂ ƾ•Ɂ  ɁɁ“  Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ#ɁɁɁ ɁɁ  ɁxɁ4Ɂ ¡ Ɂ› Ɂ#Ɂ  Ɂ2 Ɂ#Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Íf;PŠƒ\ÇĊ \;~»\f^„^¸‹Ċ ""L 3Ċ Ɂ+Ɂ UɁ ˜  ` Ɂ +Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ#Ɂ + Ɂ  Ɂ +  Ɂ Ɂ  +Ɂ 2Ɂ 2+Ɂ   Ɂ + Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. $" Ċ "ĊĊ  ĊĊ9 Ċ  Ċ   DĊ }"Ċ ,%00Ċ Ċ ,%(/Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ G Ċ "Ċ  m Ċ ++Ɂ Ɂ Ċ V²[ġɁ Ċ "Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ "Ċ   Ċ Ċ    Ċ 9Ċ  Ċ  $AĊ V+  ɁŠkɁ +Ɂ+ɁI+Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁɁ +Ɂ 2ɁɁ³Ɂ[+2+ Ɂ+ɁM+ +ɁM Ɂ+ Ɂ“+Ɂ+Ɂ ,%(.Ċ wɁ  + Ɂ Ɂ ++Ɂ +Ɂ 2Ɂ Ɂ w+Ɂ 2Ɂ M+ +Ɂ k Ɂ +Ɂ ˜W Ɂ 2+  Ɂ +Ɂ ,%7!KĊ + Ɂ Ɂ U #Ɂ [+2+ Ɂ +Ɂ M+ +Ɂ + Ɂ M `++ɁM Ɂ+ Ɂ“+ Ɂ+Ɂ+Ɂ ,%0.Ċ JɁ+Ɂ+ Ɂ 2Ɂ Ɂ+ɁIɁ+ Ɂ ɁɁɁɁkMMɁ+ ɁɁMMMɁɁ2 Ɂ Ɂ + 4Ɂ w+Ɂ I Ɂ +Ɂ +Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ +Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ [+Ɂ I+Ɂ Ɂf ɁɁɁ[ɁI+Ɂ ɁɁ2Ɂ4Ɂ Ñ +u +Ɂ 2Ɂ2 Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁ +Ɂ2  ɁɁ !&&=@ -Ɂ+Ɂ+Ɂ+Ɂ " L Ɂ OQUSn=UDn + Ċ VĊ  b Ċ Ċ bĊ Ċ ǟ Ɂ bĊ †Ċ Ĥ+ŏ  Ċ Ċ \ Ċ R $ąĊ  Ċ þ ûVĊ  L L L <Ċ ß Ċ VĊ Ċ  Ċ Ċ"k Ċ Ċ _Ċ 9"Ċ ,%0EĊ + Ɂ ,%(Ċ  Ɂ+ɁWɁ +Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ+Ɂ+ɁUH Ɂ+ Ɂ[ u  Ɂ #Ɂ¬ +Ɂ+Ɂ  Ɂ sɁ ɁɁ   Ɂ  ¡Ċ 4>WĊ Ċ ;,ı   Ċ  Ċ Ċ $ĄĊ   Ċ 9åĊ Ċ HĊ  Ċ V  Ċ Ċ _–Ċ Ċ Ċ VĊ  Ċ Ċ   Ċ Ɂ Ċ Ċ Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ   Ċ +Ɂ I+Ɂ  ęɁ MɁ Ɂ  Ɂ  ŤɁ ‰ Ɂ UɁ Ɂ Ɂ Š+Ɂ 2Ɂ k+Ɂ U Ɂ2 Ɂ+WɁ#Ɂ2+Ɂ 4Ɂ™+ɁɁ2ɁɁ22Ɂ#Ɂ Ɂ īòɁ I+ Ɂ Ó+ɁƧ++ Ɂ + Ɂ ī Ɂ U Ɂ 2Ɂ Ɂ Š+Ɂ 2Ɂ U +Ɂ +Ɂ Ɂ #WɁ +Ɂ IɁ Ɂ #Ɂ Ɂ U   Ɂ + Ɂ + Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ +ɁɁIɁ2ɁɁ  Ċ .Ċ V+Ɂ 8%00ĊJ Ɂ“ ɁɁ  Ɂ 2Ɂ Ċ Ñ  Ċ 2Ɂ U & Ɂ +Ɂ Ɂ +ž Ɂ Š[}MɁ  Ɂ s Ɂ +Ɂ Ɂ ŠɁ U+Ɂ ‰Ɂ ơɁ gɁ Ħ++Ɂ + Ɂ I+ Ɂ Ɂ + Ɂ#ɁUɁ Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ+ɁɁ+ɁÒ++ɁɁɁ2 Ɂ2Ɂ++4Ɂ šɁ 0 0Ɂ + Ɂ Ɂ 0 +0Ɂ ÖĊ +Ɂ  Ɂ +Ɂ 2Ɂ Ɂ +  +Ɂ2Ɂ + Ɂ+ Ɂ  Ɂņ  Ɂ#Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ +Ɂ _DĊ < Ċ $Ċ  Ċ Ċ "Ċ Ċ Ċ " Ċ  Ċ "Ċ  bHĊ Ċ ĊĊĊ Ċ  ĊĊ _ Ċ  .Ċ ëɁ Ɂ + Ɂ IɁ #Ɂ Ɂ +++Ɂ Ɂ +Ɂ # Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ2Ɂ+Ɂ ùùɁù+Ɂ  ɁɁ¤ Ɂ+ Ɂ¤  Ɂ&(7WĊ (0pĊ 3!XĊ %3)Ċ (EXĊ (7-.Ċ Ñ+Ɂ Ċ ,%0!Ċ + Ɂ Ɂ ,%(!XĊ  ɁɁ  Ɂ ÞɁ Ɂ Ɂ $ ĊG Ċ  ĊĊĊ  = Ċ 4Ɂ M Ɂ § +Ɂ G Ċ9ĊĊ   Ċ" ĊĊ"  Ċ Ɂ2Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ+ Ɂ ɁɁM+ Ɂ#Ɂ+Ɂ+Ɂ+  Ɂ2Ɂ Ɂ+4Ɂ V+Ɂ2  ɁɁ 2Ɂ 2Ɂ Ɂ ` Ɂ s Ɂ #Ɂ + Ɂ +Ɂ Ɂ M+ +Ɂ + 4Ɂ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. ¨Ċ SP;O];Ċ •" £!Ɂ _Ɂ Ɂ CɁ Ɂ  Ɂ sɁ y 8"Ɂ  Ɂ " y"Ɂ !Ɂ Ɂ IyK8Ɂ !Ɂ#3 Ɂ8K!3!Ɂ8Ɂ~Á y"ɁD;YOD;>]OɁ~ Ɂ/D@OɁ /;AOɁA/;OɁD66]OɁ3 Ɂ Ɂ ~ " Ɂ /ED]OɁ™ň`"OɁ Ɂ  #!Ɂ CɁ  Ɂ fɁ Ɂ ED]OɁf " "ɁYFOD;FOD;@ODEDODEY]OɁ Ɂ~ȁǁɁ Ɂf!ɁD>OɁ;6Ɂ;/OɁ/6>OɁ/6FOD;E]OɁfȗ"ɁA>OɁAEE]OɁ £Ù "Ɂ/6@OɁ A6;]OɁ Ɂ ~`"Ɂ A6@]TɁ ƮɁ #!Ɂ KɁ !!_Ɂ Ɂ É3 Ɂ !£" Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ !ĀɁ !!Ɂ  ɁÉ Ɂ  ɁC£3Ɂ£Ɂ Ɂ# " Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂȴ8"Ɂ C!Ɂ !Ɂ KɁ "  Ɂ CɁ 8Ɂ /D>OɁAFYOɁDAY]ĕɁ ¡ Ɂ ‰TɁ •TɁ ±"²8 Ɂ /@ƈƉ/@A]Ɂ "8  Ɂ 3Ɂ H3 Ɂ 8!Ɂ !y" Ɂ Ɂ 3 Ɂ †88!ɁCɁ8"3Ɂ3Ɂ”y‡^Ɂ Ɂ 8 Ɂ3Ɂ !833Ɂ3Ɂ!"3Ɂ3 ɁM"" ɁKɁ !Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ "38Ɂ !8Ɂ 8!ɁKɁ !3Ɂ  Ɂ K! 3¹Ɂ •  8yOɁ¡ Ɂ V!_Ɂ /AF]Ɂ "!8  Ɂ Ɂ C!_Ɂ 3Ɂ 3Ɂ ä!"Ɂ " "Ɂ" Ɂ8ɁM"" Ɂ8Ɂ Ɂ3Ɂʼn"Ɂ3 Ɂy!ɁCɁ_! Ɂ  Ɂ 3 Ɂ 33Ɂ #83 Ɂ ‡‹2"Ɂ ‹""Ɂ Ɂ H"K38Ɂ 3ɁfÀ‹8Ɂ 8Ɂ /@ˆ;OɁ /@ˆ>å/@ˆF Ɂ Ɂ/@ˆ@Ů/@F6TɁJ 8ɁCK‹Ɂ83‡38ɁɁ3Ɂ" Ɂ8Ɂ/@F6Ɂ # Ɂ 3 Ɂ K3‹Ɂ K 3Ɂ• ‹Ɂ}Q8Ɂ 88383 Ɂ83Ɂ " 8Ɂ CɁy  Ɂ!ɁɁ Ɂ 3 Ɂ  ǐ3"Ɂ" ɁKĀ ºɁ 3ɁCÙ!OɁ 3 ɁɁ´ɁCC"3 Ɂ#ɁM""  Ɂ# Ɂ3 Ɂƪ‡´8ɁÕɁf83ȪɁ”´Ȃ"3Ɂ " Ɂ 3Ɂ Ɂ Ȟ Ɂ  TɁ  ‡¶Ɂ K8"Ɂ Ɂ • ‹<Ɂ } 8 Ɂ 3 Ɂ UK8 83Ɂí"Ɂ M OɁ Ɂ 3 Ɂ ƵȩK8Ɂ 883þɁ C"Ɂ Ɂ3 þ‡ Ɂ " Ɂ CɁ 3 Ɂ 8  OɁ 8"‡ØɁ 3 Ɂ 3838Ɂ CɁ #Ɂ ys"3!Ɂ 3 4Ɂ • ɁC8Ɂ´<s"3OɁ‡" ɁɁ3 Ɂ8Ɂf‡Q" ‡"OɁƱ8OɁ ɁJ3 Ɂ KɁ"3 Ɂ !83Ɂ3 Ɂ 8"Ɂ 3!Ɂ8Ɂ !Ɂy!ĆɁ ɁÀ´" Ɂ "38‡Ɂ3Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ8ɁM"" ɁɁ˜K8  Ɂ `ǂɁ ~ǃþ†Ǘ Ɂ  Ɂ3 Ɂ " À†Ɂ 3Ɂ  Ɂ V³~Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Š8K†8  Ɂ ³"8Ɂ Ɂ •Ɂ ~†ǵ!3_Ɂ Ɂ ħ‡ Ɂ /6n Ɂ /6; Ɂ PYL]TɁ ħ8  Ɂ!Ɂ 3y_ ɁɁ yÙɁ "38K83 Ɂ " Ɂ Ɂ ~`"Ɂ  Ɂ3 Ɂ ~:"Ɂ › Ɂ ´Ɂ 38Ɂ3 Ɂ C"Ɂ CɁ8K!383!Ɂ Ɂ C£‘Ɂ  Ɂ IKɁs"!Ɂ/Ɲ;]OɁ3Ɂ #gɁ _ɁC!Ɂ Ɂ !Ɂ CɁ  Ɂ 8  !Ɂ !Ɂ "! Ɂ ! 4Ɂ J Ɂ"!ɁɁy‘! Ɂ#!Ɂ Ɂ_ɁɁKɁ" "Ɂ "Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ "!Ɂ 8Ɂ K83Ɂ "† 4Ɂ ˜Ɂ /@FDɁ  Ɂ " _8Ɂ CɁ 3 !Ɂ C"!Ɂ 3 Ɂ8ɁɁɁ "ɁCɁCÙ #ȇɁ ɁC8Ɂ ɁɁ"††! 8Ɂ "!Ɂ 8Ɂ 3Ɂ !8!TɁ J Ɂ  3Ɂ Ɂ •3 _OɁ/@FEɁ CɁ #Ɂ 8!ɁKĀɁ" ɁǔɁ Ɂ!ňy"3ɁC" 3Ɂ_Ɂ3 Ɂ Iì Ɂ Ɂ 8!Ɂ !# ɁǪ Ɂ!£" Ɂ !3ɁCy3 4Ɂ U!Ɂ CɁ 3 ɁɁ !" Ɂ C"!!Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ £ Ɂ "!Ɂ K!ºɁ Ɂ K8#Ɂ CɁ " "Ɂ À‹" Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ "!3Ɂ KɁ Ɂ "†!Ɂ """Ɂ yºɁ VɁ3 Ɂ /@;6Ɂ 8K!338!Ɂ C"! ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ"!ºɁ 33Ɂ ! ǭ Ɂ 8Ɂ 3 Ɂ /@E6Ɂ 3Ɂ 3 Ɂ ‡3 Ɂ "3 Ɂ  Ɂ 3 Ɂ 3Ɂ  Ɂ "ʼnɁ "!3Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ /@Y6źɁ ‰‹" Ɂ" ɁCɁ"8"Ɂ8Ɂ3 Ɂ/@>6Ɂ# ɁɁ 3Ɂ CɁ ÁɁs"3Ɂ #Ɂ !3_!  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ "!3OɁ !3Ɂ _Ɂ  Ɂ ~ Ɂ ~ ůU" Ɂ ›ɁIÁ"3Ɂ/@Y@å/@>;] Ɂ ɁI ɁƩ Ɂ”Á"Ɂ/@>D Ɂ/@>E] ɁÀ Ɂ Ɂ @*BDG3#<L #B%0#*?8?-IL ""L nƒı Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. ˆ-ı? -)ı&Žı<AE\RÑAE\E=‚ı ¦ )- ı2ı ı ı  ı +ı  )ı ı Mò ı N ı <BDE*ı BBA=*ı & Īı <]W=ı  ı /  +ı <A]E*ı DAA=*ı % $ı  ı ı AE]W$ı $ı  ı -% ı ')$ı  ı  ı ) ı +šı  ı ı #Žı ı  ı %%ı ı ı+7 ı'ı/G)-)+ı<B\R=*ıÝč*ı Jı <BB„=*ı o·ı <AEƒ=*ı &%$*ı §#+Ĝı <BÛE=*ı ı o %  +ı <BA\=Õı " "  " "   "  " N ı q ¿$ı   Z#Cı $)ı 'ı  ı `Lı `+ ı #)ı &Q)ı +ı  ı   -7ı''ı'ı$)%$ı ı$ %ı + -dı£ı$ı(  7ı )ı  ı ı ı ı ' ı ) -))ı   #ı  ı ı @ % ı ı ) ı)ı+ ı ı  -ı% ı ı  ı#Cı7ı %ı ć+ ı ı ı -ıÙı $%# %%+7ı -+ kc %dı §ı %)ı ##)7Š1sı 'ı ı $ Ð#Cı ##1÷ı %ı &hLı %$ı vv$ııöı²-%Ēı$)1ĭ$ııı$ıı%ıı%-ē$ıĝ*ı„*ı ER*ı DnWlı DR]lı BB\=0ı / ı 'ı  ı )Qı +#ı  ı +%ı  @ -ı #)ı # ı ı& $ı + ı  ı  ı ı `´ ı 'ı /€@ lı  ı ı $ı ıı $G) ı ı ı ı )ı'ı+ø +7- ı $%$ı $0ı I ı  ı ı , +ı ` 7*ı 'ı €# *ı ADnRı %$ı ı ) ı <B]R=Hı £ ı ı ı ' sı + -') ı %' $ı 'ı  ı $)Qı *ı Q$-ı v%ı $ı ı #%ı ı ı % ı 'ı ı ı %Q  ı ıı ı$ºt)%*ıG)ÇııG) ı'ıı$)$ı ı %- ı +ı ı 3#7%ıı )+ı##)7%$ııı#$ı <AAE*ı ARB*ı ARn*ı AER=dı ¦ $ı 2ı $ı  ı  ı )# ı  ı ) ī+ ı  Ċı ## ı ##) +ı  ı î,ı   -ı )t -ı  ı AE\WHı ,ı Q + -$$ı 2 -ı  ı &)ı ı Ž)%' ı $2# ı +)ı  ı 7%+%7%ı 'ı  %ı ' $ı ı $ı$77ı  ı  ı +$%ı'ı $7@  ı Hı y$ı <B„W=*ı 'ı 3#7*ı )Cı ı ı ‰%hLı ‰+ ı ı  7)$@ ºı ı7ı3% ıı³$%$ı'ı -%ıs $ıG)%ı ı '% ı 'ı ı 'ı ı %-% ı  )$%$ı )ı # %$Q%ı ı +ı  ı )$Hı /$7ı <DDW=ı $ı ı ı hı %$)©%-ı 7)c $%ı  ı   - ı $Qı $ ı #vC$ı  ı  ı ı ı %ı ı ) ı ı )7ı 'ı‹ %+ ı%ı L ı + ı )7ı +$ı 'ı   - -ı#C$ı'ı# %ı%Öı /lı %ı$ıQ-)ı *ı -ı ı++7ı)# ¬ı ıŸ ıJ·*ı#-+# ı +ıı-% -ı )- ıı#$$ı'ı  ı  $'+ ı  )- )ı #Üı  G) 7ı Čı  ı # % ı 'ı  $ı ŠQ+ı $ı  -ı 1)- ı ı <DDD*ı DBW=eı ,%%'tı )%ı'ıĈ))%$ı%ı#1)ıı1%' ı)h%-ı ı†Ĕ ı %ı&hLıŠ1ıĕĎf»%$ı%$%$ı%ıvı»f%-ı$$)#%ı'ı%1¼ 7ı $$%$ı <n\lı BƒW*ı B]]=ı%#7%ıı ı)$ı'ı ıı%h  ı  ı ı ) ı'ı€% ı)$ ı$eı ,ı 7$ı ı2 ı Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. ;ZɁ SP‡Of‡Ċ  ,Ɂ  )¬,Ɂ),? ) Ɂ  , Ɂ))Ɂ )?Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ ) , Ɂ  Ɂ ,  , Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ )Ɂ Ɂ =H,  )Ɂ  Ɂ )) Ɂ ?  Ɂ )Ɂ    Ɂ )ɁɁ Ɂ Ȇ?Ɂ  )  , Ɂ Ɂ, , Ɂ )Ɂ,ɁI)tu Ɂ , ?Ɂ -’ZXɁ@LXɁ:7ZXɁ777XɁ7’FXɁ7LD54Ɂ MɁ  ¢?Ɂ, ?Ɂ,Ɂ ɁɁ€Ɂľ ? , Ɂ Ɂ? ,Ɂ -LZÍɁ:ƌ7mɁ ¾LƊƋ¾L¾·Ɂ ¾LF·Ɂ ¾L@ćɁ D;6·Ɂ DZLXɁDF:5Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  )?,Ɂ -;XɁ:ZLXɁ76FXɁ7LZXɁ 7L@X7ZZ–7F7XDDDXɁDD;XɁDF7XɁDF>\Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ)?   Ɂ ?Ɂ ?) Ɂ ,? Ɂ  Ɂ ?)  ?, Ɂ ,) Ɂ  Ɂ  ) )Ɂ Ɂ , Ɂ ) Ȱ  Ƚ  )¬Ɂ   ,)TɁ I)Ɂ )H ? ) Ɂ €? Ɂ =,q) Ɂ ?,  ?Ɂ )  Ɂ  Ɂ ,  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ =, Ɂ Ɂ )€tɁ    ?Ɂ ? Ɂ Ɂ ), ) Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ " Ɂ -:;DÍɁ D>>ďD>@\mɁ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ "Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ -::D\4Ɂ wɁɁ#Ɂ Ɂ-::7\XɁ) )  Ē ÝɁ  ,ɁɁ   Ɂ # Ɂ H  Ɂ Ɂ  žɁ    Ɂ  ?Ɂ  Ɂ ?Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ =, )Ɂ Ɂ  ,€ )  Ɂ ,#Ɂ Ɂ ?) , ?, Ɂ ,  TɁ J Ɂ ,) Ɂ Ɂ ? , Ɂ I)t,Ɂ  ,) ,)Ɂ  Ɂ  ,  )Ɂ Ɂ  )?  Ɂ # Ɂ Ɂ?Ɂ  H Ɂ€Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ ? ,Ɂ-::XɁD65TɁ k ɁɁ Ɂ  ɁH  Ɂ" Ɂ#gɁɁIÅɁ ɁǠ" ɁɁg Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɗ ƀƅ)zƊ ŤkƊ),vzƊ v,)ƆÝƊ ĸ Ɗ Ŕ Ɂ ťkƊ ,Ɗ ŭŮŁ Ɗ ŹƊ njɁÇɁǻÇ)Ɂ  ŋƊ Ĵq Ɂ =ñ Ɂ €Ɂ q ñĴɁ  ¨ñ ɁŋqɁ  ɁqɁ )q=ľ,)Ɂ q )Ɂ )DZ?))Ɂ qɁ #  Ɂq Ɂ#?Ɂ  ,€, ɁqɁ= , ȵ?Ɂ?), Ɂ ?¨  Ɂ ?Ɂ  ) Ɂq?qȾ ))Ɂ -ÎLXɁÎZ·Ɂ ;F5ĖɁ ĭ ), Ɂ ,Ɂ Ɂ Ǯ)Ɂ ,  Ɂ )Ɂ g, Ɂ Ɂ ? ĉɁ q=, ,Ɂq?)ťɁ Ɂq ĺ,Ɂ?)) Ɂ,Ɂ?) ,, ɁI)ŋɁ -D>Î5ėɁ ĢɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ    Ɂ  Ɂ Å  Ɂ Ɂ ɁÅ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ òɁ Ɂ  , ,Ɂ Ɂ  Å Ɂ "Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ # Ɂ  Ɂ ,  TɁ MɁ   Ɂ Ɂ I)?Ɂ  ^Ɂ ?Ɂ )H  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ ?) ķ Ɂ  )Ɂ #Ɂ ?? ?Ɂ ))4Ɂ J ,Ɂ # Ɂ ɁɁ, ,Ɂ Ɂ ,)ɁɁ )ɁɁɁg Ɂ  )?Ɂ-D54Ɂ ģǼ ɁȋɁ Ɂ„ððɁ‘ð"ɁɁ ‘‘"ɁÅ‘Ɂ‘‘ɁɁ #Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ , Ɂ -7;:\4Ɂ J Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ, Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ  )?) ɁɁ Ɂku , Ɂ ,Ɂ I=Ɂ ,Ɂ ,  ? ))Ɂ #ķ  Ɂ  ?  Ɂ )Ɂ ) Ɂ  Ɂ ,? =t ?)Ɂ Ɂ # , Ɂ  Ɂ #Ɂ ) Ɂ ->Z\4Ɂ í Ɂ ?)#?g,Ɂ Ɂ )Ɂ ă )  )Ɂ)Ɂ#,q Ɂ )Ȩ ,Ɂ Ɂ,=?, ,Ɂ )  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ ?  ,Ɂ €Ɂ  Ɂ ))= Ɂ ,qɁ €=q,)Ɂ Ɂ ,Ɂ # )?Ɂ qgɁ  Ɂ  mɁ #)?)Ɂ q?Ɂ€) ?Ɂ€Ɂ Ɂw Ɂ)  4ɁM? ), Ɂ )ɁɁ? ) Ɂ  Ɂ )Ɂw Ɂ   , ) Ɂ#)?)Ɂ) ɁɁ?,?Ɂ ? , TɁ J Ɂ  Ɂ )  )Ɂ Ɂ# ) ɁɁ  ,  )ɁɁ) ,?, Ɂ  )ɁɁ?žw Ɂ ɁĨ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ) )Ɂ ) Ɂ,Ɂ Ɂ )Ɂ  ɁÄ Ɂ, )  Ɂ) ɁɁ#)ɁɁɁ Ɂ  ))Ɂ) )¬Ɂ)Ɂ€Ɂ )ɁM Ɂ-F@XɁ@DXɁ@;XɁ:L;XɁ:LLXɁ:@’XɁ777XɁ77DXɁ7DLXɁ 7D@XɁ7Z65TɁ J )Ɂ=, Ɂ) =ɁɁ?) , ɁM )Ɂ?,  ?Ɂq Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ-@:­Ɂ :>7\ɁɁ Ɂ   Ɂ ɁgɁ ɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ -:L:XɁDD@\TɁ wɁ Ɂ ?),{Ɂ )Ɂ Ɂ    Ɂ ?  Ɂ  Ɂ ,  Ɂ @+BDG4#=L #B%1#+?8?-IL K")"L ;>Ɂ C(' $Ɂ Q (Ɂ Ɂ $$'(Ɂ Ɂ '¨à(Ɂ Ɂ ú($Ɂ z©‘Ċ Q(Ɂ ' Ɂ  ȘɁ Ɂ ($(TɁ ¡  Ɂ  $Ɂ $  Ɂ $Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ $ '{Ɂ  ' '¸Ɂ Q ĈɁɁ  Q'Ɂ $Ɂ $Ɂ Ɂ l($Ɂ  Ɂ $Ɂ Ɂ $Ɂ Q Ɂ $Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ x(Ɂ œQɁ $Ɂ Ɂ  '$$»Ɂ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. TWBGKXT?PI@n ?PAB?Pn YB@GPRMRF\n š Ɂ $,Ɂ Ɂ ( $ Ɂ xɁ $ $Ɂ Ɂ$WɁ $Ɂ Ɂ Q ÜɁ x4Ɂ š (Ɂ ,'Ɂ Ú ''Ɂ $$(Q$Ɂ #((Ɂ 'Ɂ (Ɂ $ Ɂ CɁ  Ɂ Q'HɁ ( ' 'Ɂ $$(QɁ ($$'(Ɂ Ɂ  (Ɂ 'ē Ɂ $ ($$Ɂ  Ɂ $_'Ɂ Ɂ ( $ Ɂ $ 4Ɂ MɁ #Ɂ (($Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  (,$ $Ɂ Ɂ [('Ɂ M (Ɂ ( 'Ɂ $Ɂ  Ɂ C= Ɂ #Ɂ ( (Ɂ ''( Ɂ Ɂ =  '($Ɂ -:ˆŽOɁ A>;5TɁ šɁ  Ɂ  Ɂ 'Ɂ  $Ɂ  '$Ɂ #Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ CɁ  ($Ɂ  ' Ɂ(  Ɂ $È=Ɂ Q('$Ɂ'$$Ɂ  ('mɁ  Ɂ (' à(Ɂ (H(Q($4Ɂ VɁ V Ɂ Q(${Ɂ  (Ɂ $(Ɂ Ɂ  Ļ'Ɂ  Ɂ  (Ɂ  $Ɂ #$Ɂ ('Ɂ $Ɂ  'Ɂ$Ɂ (Ɂ  {Ɂ  ɁɁ (Ɂk$ Ɂ  '$ĘɁ M 'u Ú 'Ɂ$ ($Ɂ CɁ  ' Ɂ Ư Ɂ$(Ɂ $$(Q$Ɂ -ep ée A:ˆ5Ɂ à(Ɂà(ÚC( Ɂ  (Ɂ Q$Ɂ $ '(Ɂ Ɂ  ($(Ɂ  '($TɁ MɁ |ȕô Ɂ xQ{Ɂ Ɂ HQ'({Ɂ  ((Ɂ #ɁɁ;éŽɁIJ' $Ɂ# ɁɁ$(Ɂ  ɁɁnpOˆŽŽɁ  ɁQ($ɁɁ#  Ɂ  $ $ɁɁ$ɁɁ$mɁ ܝɁ  Ɂ (Ɂ $Ɂ#((ɁWɁ-A:p5¹ɁM'Q$Ɂ Ɂ $ Ɂ$Ɂ('({Ɂ'(ä$ Ȍ(Ɂ$Ń(ɁɁ$'$Ɂ#$ɁɁ   ɁɁ xQɁ ({ɁɁU (Ɂ `ı $(ɁɁ (ɁCɁ Ɂ $ɁɁx(Ɂ-p5TɁš (Ɂ$ ($Ɂ CɁ žV Ɂ  Ɂ V Ɂ $Ɂ $  Ɂ ' Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ HɁ CɁ .(Ɂ #ĸ ĸɁ  (Ɂ QWɁ Q($ɁɁ $ Ɂx{Ɂ$Ɂ#''Ɂ$Ɂ  Q(Ɂ Ɂ$ C Ɂ $(Ɂ ( ÄNl($Ɂ $( 4Ɂ V Ɂ  Q$$Ɂ Ɂ $( $(Ɂ Q'H$Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ' Ɂ '($ɁW(Ɂ(  $Ɂ# ɁW Ɂ Ɂ ' Ɂ$$ɁW#Ɂ$Ɂ 0:!.:4@ x(ŲV ɁlĒ'W(Ɂ $Q($Ɂ #(Ɂ  ('Ɂ $ #Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ $ Ɂ Ɂ  (Ɂ ƬɁ (Q(Ɂ -Lé54Ɂ š Ɂ $= Ɂ ɁQ Ɂ ǡɁ( $ Ɂ Ɂ$$Q$ɁC ' Ɂ  ɁQ(Q(Ɂ Ɂ  $Ɂ  ɁQɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ(ɁCɁ  Ɂ[('Ɂ M $4Ɂ MɁ ( Ɂ $Ɂ Ɂ  (Ɂ V Ɂ (#WɁ '$Ɂ Ɂ '$Ɂ AnO/npɁ WQɁ Ɂ  $Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Q'Ɂ (#WɁ'Ɂ ' ( ɁHQ'Ɂ;Ž{ŽŽŽɁWQɁ CɁ  $Ɂ -:A/54Ɂ ²''{Ɂ QɁ Ɂ Dz($Ɂ  $Ɂ (H$( Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ V Ɂ l($Ɂ  Ɂ #((Ɂ $Q'Ɂ $$Q( Ɂ # ØɁ  (Ɂ $(Ɂ (#WTɁ }W(Ɂ l$Ɂ  Ɂ(œQɁ$Ɂ'ä$ 'Ɂ Ɂ$$Q$Ɂ Ɂ#Ɂ(Ɂ  Q ɁCɁ  Ɂ U '(Ɂ |ŒɁ -nAn Ɂ nLL54Ɂ x( $õ Ɂ M (Ɂ  'Ɂ #$Ɂ  Q''Ɂ (Ɂ QɁ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ ™' Ɂ ¡' {Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  $(Ɂ  (Ɂ ( ' 'Ɂ  $Ɂ Q Ɂ  (Ɂ Hu ($$( Ɂ  (Ɂ (((Ɂ $ ($Ɂ  Ɂ '($Ɂ CɁ  ($(Ɂ M (Ɂ $ (($Ɂ -:ep5TɁ U$Ɂ$ $ɁɁM (ɁQ''Ɂ ɁH'$Ɂ Ɂ $ ɁɁ( $  Ɂ 'Q'Ɂ $$ɁɁ $Ɂ '($Ɂ-L> Ɂ:e>5Ɂ ɁÚɁ 'Ɂ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. ;aɁ SP;O³;Ċ Ɂ   Ɂ   Ɂ -e6XɁ:ea Ɂ :>: Ɂ j6j Ɂ j>P54Ɂ U Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ     Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ -oYoµ4Ɂ MɁ  Ɂ H ɁɁ ɁW ɁɁ ɁɁf Ɂ} őɁ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ y Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ#Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ      Ɂ  =   Ɂ    Ɂ  Ɂ = Ɂ -:Ÿ:µ4Ɂ }Ɂ =l  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  =  Ɂ Ɂ = t Ɂ = Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ= Ɂ Ɂ ɁlɁ-PYƒ5Ɂ Ɂ#W Ɂ -:eeXɁjjP5Ɂ= =Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁ  Ɂ  Ɂs 4Ɂ ¡ Ɂ Ɂ#Ɂ  ɁH Ɂ -P:ƒ¸ɁoPaµɁ Ɂ    Ɂ HɁɁ  Ɂ  ` ɁɁUŒɁ  ŏ  Ɂ  Ɂ -PPYµɁ Ɂ Ɂ W 4Ɂ   !" "  !" V Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ ɁɁ+# ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ   ɁɁɁ  Ɂ #yɁ Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ ¨  Ɂ   Ɂ ɁɁɁ=#Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂų[ Ɂ#= ɁɁ †Ɂ  =¨Ɂŕe>¶Ɂ :6>ċɁ P’>ċɁ jP:ŗTɁ MɁɁ Ɂ ¶Ɂ  Ɂ=zij Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁɁ ɁU Ɂ ɁɁɁtɁ Ɂ  ɁĊɁ Ɂ Ɂ [ Ĕ  Ɂ-;v ɁeEXɁYe :je :Eƒ 7:E 7a6 7aƒ 7ƒ>m Pƒa v::5 ɁI Ɂ -a; aE P;>5 Ɂ ì Ɂ-ĞP Ɂ :6> Paa5 Ɂ Ɂ[  Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁ  Ɂ 4Ɂ k  Ɂ ==Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ #= Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ Ň  ɁɁU Ɂ= Ɂ =ÇÂōɁɁɁ=Ă ɁɁ Ɂ = ɁɁɁ= ɁɁ U Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ Ĥ =ö  =Ɂ ƥɁ ->>5ſɁ ĥ Âǚ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  mɁ  Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ -:>XɁ:aXo:XɁ>aXɁaP·Ɂ Ǝæ>\TɁ š  ɁU ɁɁ  ɁɁ  Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ -;P Ɂ :6: Ɂ :o6µ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ǽ# Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ ¨ TɁ V Ɂ  †=  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ     Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  ¨ Ɂ u H ɁɁ ɁɁ# Ɂ[+Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  ÜɁ   Ɂ   4Ɂ VɁ ɁɁ   Ɂ Ɂt  Ɂ   ɁɁ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ ĶÂɁ Ɂ    Ɂ   Ɂ -:P;XɁjee Ɂ je> Ɂ jƒ:5TɁ ĦɁ H  Ɂ MɁ UɁ f l  Ɂ Ɂ     Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ  ††  Ɂ Ɂ U )Ɂ = Ɂ Ɂ = Ɂ Ɂ =Ɂ  † =ö Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ =  Ɂ ”=ĂɁ  ÂɁ  Ɂ =ö Ɂ  Ɂ Â=Ɂ Ɂ /e Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ V+ Ɂ   4Ɂ k Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ H  ɁU Ɂ   Ɂ -::Y5ŦɁ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ #Ɂ  4Ɂ } Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  _Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ [Ɂ M  Ɂ U   Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ -:e6 Ɂ :e:5TɁ ë Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ 2Ɂ   ɁɁ#ɁɁ Ɂ  ɁɁM ɁɁ Ɂ ɁɁɁ ɁɁɁ A*BDG4#<L #B&0#*?9?.JL ""L Ċ   n  Ċ  Ċ   ĊĊ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ = Ċ &7[-AĊ  " "  "  3%Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ ĊĊĊ   Ċ  " Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. $)(4 #0(&(0%-*&4 <Ċ ä Ċ $  Ċ Ċ Ċ    Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ N  Ċ 5 G Ċ & 8% ,LĊ 8%-Ċ Ċ Ċ $   HĊ Ċ 5  Ċ  AĊ 4=c   Ċ" Ċ $ › Ċ ĊĊÁ Ċ& ,3!CĊ ,7LĊ%3-  Ċ   Ċ4 Ċ Ċ Ċ 4 ¾GªĊ Ċ ‚  Ċ & ,«%WĊ 8® 8“—Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ 5  Ċ5 Q  QĊĊ ĊQĊ  Ċ ¢Ċ †˜Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ$ $Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ  ï Ċ ñĊ Ċ 5UĊ  Ċ Ċ ó  Ċ Ċ æĊ  Ċ  œ   Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ  $ + AĊ I i ’Ċ $ Ċ  Ċ Ċ   G  Ċ  Ċ 5  Ċ  Ċ N  Ċ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ ÚĊ " $Ċ  ĊĊ Ċ   AĊ ‚ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ    Ċ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ  ž   Ċ Ċ N  Ċ  H" Ċ  Ċ   Ċ l  Ċ Ċ Ċ  c  Ċ   +Ċ  ĊĊ " ĊĊ F Ċ & 8(!-Ċ  ĊĊ + Ċ+ Ċ Ü" +Ċ = $Ċ  + Ċ Ċ j HĊ &%[-uĊ NĊ  Ċ G Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ "+Ċ  Ċ  Ċ  = Ċ " Ċ =  Ċ + Ċ " Ċ = Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ 5   = Ċ  à.Ċ <Ċ I i Ċ  Ċ F Ċ  Ċ Ċ    Ċ  Ċ >   Ċ Ċ  Ċ  $Ċ ‰ Ċ Ċ   Ċ Ċ& 8%!-LĊ= Ċ> Ċ  Ċ+  Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ     Ċ Ċ     Ċ   + Ċ &:3™Ċ §¬!”£Ċ <Ċ    Ċ   Ċ Ċ  Ċ =Ċ  =Ċ Ċ  Ċ " Ċ Ċ     Ċ Ċ  CĊ Ċ  Ċ   Ċ  Ċ  ÿĊ Ċ  Ċ   Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ $ çĊ  Ċ  Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ    Ċ &:7LĊ :!CĊ :[-DĊ <Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ @ Ċ  Ċ Ċ     Ċ Ċ  Ċ  Ċ &::-CĊ Ċ ĊĊ  +Ċ + ĊĊ  ĊĊ á +ĊĊĊ ‰ +Ċ  +Ċ Ċ $Ċ & ,:%KĊ :­-AĊ ´Ċ +Ċ Ċ  WĊ Ċ  Ċ  +Ċ Ċ  $Ċ $ Ċ $o  +Ċ &u.Ċ = +  CĊ  LĊ  Ċ "Ċ  -Ċ  Ċ  Ċ +Ċ  c l ĊĊĊ   ĊĊ"Ċ   Q Ċ  >Ċ&7:-DĊ ˆĊ    ć Ċ  Ċ Ċ  ĊĊ5  Ċ nĊ Ċ ĊĊ    ĊĊ  Ċ Ċ 4 Ċ N Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ   Ċ &-CĊ Ċ Ċ o    Ċ "Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ $Ċ ã ĊĊ õ  Ċ ĆĊĀĊ 5 ĊUòĊ I  Ċ &: ,-.Ċ <Ċ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ  BĊ @   Ċ Ċ °  Ċ Ċ    Ċ  Ċ āĊ UĊ @ $Ċ Ċ 5UŒ  ŒĊ  mĊ UĊ Ċ  $  Ċ & ,0%KĊ w%!K [!-Ċ  ĊĊ  Ċ&K 00-Ċ ĊĊ>  ĊĊ  Q $Ċ  Ċ ×   Q Ċ   Ċ &!LĊ 0!-AĊ ˆĊ  Ċ Ċ Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ $  Ċ  Ċ Ċ $ Ċ Ċ > $Ċ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. E¼Ɂ SÒ;Oµ;Ċ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ǥǥ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ # Ɂ ^Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  ĿɁ -GF>5ŻɁ ™Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ʋ^Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Š g  Ɂ  ɁJ u ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ   ɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ#Ɂ ;¼¼¼Ɂ  Ɂ GE66Ɂ PjƊ -/ZE Ɂ 7EZ Ɂ GF75TɁ ǀɁ Ɂ Ɂ  s Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ wɁ I Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ êɁ f`Ɂ -G> Ɂ A6F^Ɂ GGG^Ɂ GF>5TɁ ¡ɁɁH ɁɁɁIsïɁ  HɁ-;p E¼ FG Ɂ :pG^ ƓG>5^Ɂ ɁɁ I   Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ IztɁ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ->75ĘɁ wɁɁɁ ɁɁ  ɁɁ  ɁɁɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ I   Ɂ ɁɁɁ #Ɂ  Ɂ#Ɂ-7p/Đ7pG5Ɂ ɁɁ ěĥƊ ²ĿɁ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  ÜɁ Ɂ  ÞɁ ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  #Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ G666Ɂ PjƊ -7pp^Ɂ G/Z5żɁ ™ɁɁ ^ɁɁɁɁ ȢɁɁ ɁɁI   Ɂ#Ɂ #Ɂ    ɁɁɁƶ ɁIs È^Ɂ# Ɂ  ɁɁɁ ɁɁɁ Ɂ #Ɂ E>66Ɂ  Ɂ G666Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ `Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂdge]j n JɁɁɁɁ Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ  ɁɁ „Ɂ Ɂ „Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ #Ɂ Ɂ „Ɂ  »Ɂ k Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ _„Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ©Ɂ ȍɁɁ„  ɁɁɁ Ɂ„ ɁɁ Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ LJɁ ǢɁ ǣɁ¥Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ -:E^Ɂ :Z^Ɂ 7>/5TɁ JɁ Ɂ Ɂ }Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ #Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ IJ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  ɁɁ ɁɁɁɁ`ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ „ Ɂ Ɂ „Ɂ „Ɂ `Ɂ -G>F54Ɂ JɁ   Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  § Ɂ „Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ I ɁɁ ɁɁ  ɁɁ  ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ#Ɂ Ɂ §  ɁU Ɂƨ ɁɁM Ɂ[`ɁdzɁH  Ɂ ǍɁ ±ýȎɁ ǖɁ ýƀɁ ƻōɁǑNüɁ qɁ Ɂ șüzýɁ ĺɁ Ʒ  N Ɂqu  Ɂ  Ɂ `Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ÈɁ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ IɁ #Ɂ   ɁɁɁ #Ɂ  Ɂ „ɁɁIËɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁ  ɁɁ ɁɁ-E^Ɂ pE^Ɂ //F^Ɂ 77/^Ɂ 7EF^Ɂ 7Z:5TɁ ²Ɂ ^Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ #Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ gɁ ĜĦƊ I{Ɂ # Ɂ l Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ § Ɂ Ɂ ¶Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ  Ɂg  TɁ ›ɁœɁ Ɂ„Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁǨ Ɂ-7GZ Ɂ 7FE Ɂ GFE5TɁ J„Ɂ Ɂ„Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁ   Ɂ ɁɁɁɁ ɁɁɁɁ  `ɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ #Ɂ s ^Ɂ  ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ ɁɁɁ ɁɁ#ɁɁɁ^Ɂ g Ɂ  ɁɁ  Ɂ -;EřɁ 7>6ŘɁ 7>:5ĖɁ ‰ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. A+BEG5#=L #B%0#+?:?-IL 9.'94'n E,Ċ R HɁ0R0ɁɁ ɁR0Ɂ hɁ ɁɁIR RɁ0ɁĻ ɁɁ Ɂ BɁɁ h0Ɂ0B0ɁhɁ Ɂ#0œɁ00Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 0Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  sBɁ h 0TɁ J0Ɂ 0Ɂ Ɂ B  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Hu R0ɁɁ|R^Ɂh ^Ɂ ɁIÆɁ ɁɁ00ɁɁ ɁJB RɁ  Ɂ îĵǾɁ 0Ɂ 2M)Ċ )Ċ M)Ċ 3!)Ċ 3 8)Ċ ME)Ċ 8!(6.Ċ J hɁ  Ɂ Ɂ 0RɁ  Ɂ hŒŧɁ0)ɁɁ Ɂh Ɂ0¥0Ɂ 0Ɂ0 ɁBɁB RɁ hɁ R)Ɂ 0Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ B  0Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ 0)Ɂ Ɂ œɁ h0TɁ J0ɁhɁɁ R ɁRB0Ɂ 0ɁɁB ɁɁÓ0 Ɂ ‰h0Ɂ J Ɂ 23!6.Ċ šɁ  0Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ h 0Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ B0Ɂ hɁ Ɂ Ɂ IR BɁ #Ɂ 0RɁ  Ɂ B BɁ Ɂ  Ɂ HɁ  0Ɂ 0Ɂ WɁ Ɂ BBɁ  0Ɂ ŒɁ RɁ 2(qĊ y0!6DĊ $)(4 !.*1*%+4 #(0*/'4 & 4 4 4 %.'4 %0,24 4 "4 4 /0*3/.4 & 4 Õ )0 hɁ Ɂ Ɂ wĹɁ ”)Ĺ Ɂ 0Ɂ Ɂ  BɁ 0€Æ ) Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ BhBɁ 0 0Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 0Ɂ R )Ɂ 2(qĊ M%6.Ċ ĭɁ !Ċ ǒ0Ɂ #Ɂ ıŴ0  Ɂ Ɂ  0ɁɁ)Ɂ R  ɁɁ ɁRɁR0^Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ !Ċ ȖsɁ B0Ɂ #Ɂ B) Ɂ BhɁ   0Ɂ  Ɂ 0WɁ RRɁȻ0Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  ŵBɁR0Ɂ 2E)Ċ )Ċ M|)Ċ 3E)Ċ 7)Ċ (6ZĊ ™ Ɂ hɁ R0Ɂ Ɂ ǎɁ B ɁɁ ¥ Ɂ  Ɂ R0Ɂ 2:%pĊ 73rĊ x)Ċ ME6.Ċ k )ɁR0ɁR0^Ɂ WɁ ±H)WɁ  Ɂ[ÆɁkB ^Ɂ  ɁɁJɁ Ɂ  Ɂ [ Ɂ B^Ɂ BɁ #Ɂ Ɂ 0#Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ B00BɁ [ Ɂ RŒɁ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ wɁ I Ɂ 2)Ċ 7)Ċ  8)Ċ x6.Ċ JɁ ƤɁ 0)Ɂ )#Ɂ 0Ɂ ÷0÷÷Ɂ  Ɂ )) )0Ɂ  Ɂ R)0Ɂ # Ɂ0 ɁɁɁ Ɂ0BɁ ɁB ɁŒ0ɁɁ B) ɁɁ H0Ɂ Ɂ 0Ɂ B0Ɂ wɁ ”), Ɂ B0B0Ɂ 2¥)Ċ ()Ċ (!6ZĊ šɁ HRɁ Ɂ  00ɁB )ɁÆNŎ0ɁɁhɁ 2(6Ċ  Ɂ|BɁ Ɂ 0Ɂ ‰0Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ[Ɂ±ǛɁ B HɁ 2736Ċ 0ɁRȭ ɁɁɁ  Ɂ wɁ I Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ l Ɂ  Ɂ  RɁ Ɂ Ɂ 00 0Ɂ 2|06Ċ RRœhɁ Ɂ ɁɁ )ɁB0Ɂ Ɂ h  Ɂ0BɁ 0TɁ k ȿ ^Ɂ HB0Ɂ ɁB0Ɂ B0ɁɁ ɁɁɁıɁĔ0 Ɂ  Ɂ B H Ɂ 0tWɁ BRɁ  Ɂ BhɁ Œ0ãɁ R BɁ R 0 Ɂ  Ɂ  ɁB BɁ 0ɁRɁB0 ) ɁBɁɁ Ɂ[ ɁBŒɁ #Ɂ Ɂ W#Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ B Ɂ )Ɂ Ɂ 2rĊ 3E6¤Ċ MɁ , Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ BɁ 0Ɂ ɁB0Ɂ ɁɁ[^ɁWɁ Ɂ BɁɁɁ0 Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ B0Ɂ Bh Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ B  Ɂ 0Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ RRɁ Ɂ Ɂ ÆɁ B0ãɁ )Ɂ 0Ɂ B Ɂ Ɂ hɁ 2 8 ,6ZĊ Õ€ Ɂ 0R Ɂ Ɂ hɁ wɁ ” Ɂ B0Ɂ Lj0Ɂ t0Ɂ Ɂ R B ɁɁɁ0 Ɂ0BɁ2%(•)Ċ 0ǩBɁɁɁ00 Ɂ ɁRɁ  Ɂ 0 Ɂ 0BɁ BɁ Ȯ^Ɂ NBɁ B NRɁ 0Ɂ 2 8!7CĊ !6.Ċ ë  ^Ɂ HBɁ ɁwɁ I Ɂ00ɁRWhɁ  ɁR R§ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. LAɁ $DB-*BL Ɂ 1!Ɂ 4Ɂ J Ɂ 1!Ɂ 1Ɂ  Ɂ _Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ CɁ  !Ɂ !"11!ƞɁ !" <!Ɂ KɁ!S"%Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ#Ɂ1_! Ɂ" 1C% ! Ɂ<ɁKɁ!!Ɂá//Ž¦Ɂ ¿¿¦Ɂ ¿Ï¿ Ɂ ¿Ï]4Ɂ k Ɂ KɁ1%ɁɁ ÊS1Ɂ Ɂ_1%1Ɂ%Ɂ<1`1Ɂ<CɁ  !Ɂ" SH!Ɂ_Ɂ<ɁɁɁĢ%ɁC!ɁCɁ ɁV"Ɂ%Ɂ°1Ɂ Ƹ" Ɂ!" Ɂ!Ɂ%Ɂ%NK1!1! Ɂ "Ń<Ɂ 1`N­Ɂ %Ɂ NɁ Ɂ-;/ @L­Ɂ /A; Ɂ AA@ Ɂ AFG]ĕɁ J Ɂ %Ɂ t Ɂ" N"ɁSSÖɁ!K%Ɂ!Ɂ  Ɂ!NɁd<ɁNN<!Ɂ " <N!ɁǕɁ!Ɂ Ɂd<"!Ɂ<dɁS 1"Ɂ1dŽɁ f 11<!Ɂ KɁ Ɂd%Ɂ Ɂ =Ɂ"!ɁNWɁ±<HÛɁ %Ɂ ! Ɂ"!ɁNÛɁ±<ă %Ɂ -n;;]ėɁ J Ɂ N%Ɂ <"N<Ɂ <dɁ <!Ɂ <CɁ  !Ɂ "!Ɂ !Ɂ %Ɂ u K!N!Ɂ Ɂ S! Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ !"1N!Ɂ NɁ l!1Ɂ #Ɂ %S%Ɂ Ɂ 1ȧ1Ɂ 1"ƟɁ  Ɂ _%Ɂ Ɂ d<%!Ɂ "K%Ɂ N%1"Ɂ  Ɂ N %S%"ɁdɁ! ɁNɁ" ÄNN!Ɂ%ɁɁ1%Ɂ! !Ɂ-LLŚɁ A;A Ɂ ALF]4Ɂ į%1!Ɂ CɁ  Ɂ “Ɂ fN`Ɂ "<NɁ Ɂ _Ɂ %< N%Ɂ _Ɂ %!Ɂ dɁ Ɂ ~ K1Ɂ <1`Ɂ Ɂ%1"Ɂ%Ɂ Ɂ"!Ɂ%ɁSœ!Ɂ<dɁ1"1<Ɂ1Ɂ "Ɂ%Ɂ < ȤɁ”t4Ɂ J N!Ɂ S< !1!Ɂ %Ɂ N1Ɂ Ɂ !%ɁɁ Ɂ %1Cd!1Ɂ dɁ Ɂ !! Ɂ Ɂ "Ɂ !%1!Ɂ KɁ %<" %Ɂ K1<Ɂ " !Ɂ NɁ HNɁ %Ɂ =ǯ1"Ɂ " <<ȺɁ -L> Ɂ /eˆ]Ɂ "<KɁ #1 Ɂ %Ɂ S! _Ɂ Ɂ!ɁCɁ Ɂ° K1ɁS  ¹Ɂį1"Ɂ ɁCɁ Ɂ" Ɂ%Ɂ Ɂ _Á"!Ɂ _Ɂ ° KNɁ 11ȫɁ <1C! Ɂ 1Ɂ1!Ɂ 1ȈɁ  Ɂ  1Ɂ S%"1Ɂ %Ɂ Ɂ 1%<1"Ɂ _!1!Ɂ %Ɂ 4Ɂ J Ɂ S"%%Ɂ %1ò!1<Ɂ <CɁ Ɂ !1Ɂ SŰ1Ɂ !Ɂ SS!Ɂ Ɂ KɁ _ǘɁ S%"%Ɂ _Ɂ  Ɂ %S1Ɂ CɁ  Ɂ ~ KNɁN1!Ɂ "Ɂ Ɂ  !Ɂ!<"N1!ɁdɁ  Ɂ "!Ɂ%Ɂ 1 %!Ɂ  Ɂ %Ɂ SK1!Ɂ %Ɂ NɁ ""4Ɂ J ȳɁ N!Ɂ d%Ɂ NɁ  Ɂ 1%N"Ɂ !S Ɂ S<K1%%Ɂ Ɂ_!1!ɁdɁÉS%%Ɂ!<"1Ɂ%Ɂ"< 1"ɁN"N­Ɂ !Ɂó"%Ɂ 1Ɂ Ɂ ÉS!1<Ɂ 1Ɂ ž%1!"Ɂ É" Ɂ %Ɂ  Ɂ %S1Ɂ CɁ " Ɂ !c1!1"Ɂ  !Ɂ 1Ɂ<"Ɂ SńcɁ !!Ȕ_!Ɂ áGÏ Ɂ G@¦Ɂ /@Ġ]4Ɂ J Ɂ!1Ɂ<CɁģ KǶɁ%ɁƫDŽɁáGE¦Ɂ /Ġ{ɁGGE]ɁS!!ɁɁńSɁ#1 Ɂ Ɂ 1ǰ %Ɂ Ó! Ɂ‰1N<!ɁJ%11<ɁŔ;6] Ɂ %Ɂ  Ɂ Ö" N"Ɂ !Ɂ dɁ  ɁC <!Ɂ 1 %Ɂ  SɁ "Ɂ#ɁNjɁ"%Ɂ Ɂ1Ɂ "!Ɂ "%!4Ɂ J Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ"Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ1 ȬɁ<dɁ=<S1"Ɂd<!Ɂ1 !Ɂ%"<1Ɂ  Ɂ S 1"Ɂ !Ŋt"!Ɂ -/nL­Ɂ nFn]4Ɂ ƺ Ɂ "<< 1"Ɂ %Ɂ 11<!Ɂ _!1!Ɂ C<Ɂ  Ɂ "<!t"1<Ɂ<dɁ Ɂ° KNɁ SɁ"<,!Ɂ<Ɂd!"1Ɂ!" !Ɂ%ɁǙɁ #Ɂ !" Ɂ -G;–GL–Ɂ—ˆFśA6FĈAF@]4Ɂ °!t"%ɁɁ1Ɂ ɁV11Ɂ”1%ŜɁ  Ɂ ° KǷɁ %Ɂ fĽôɁ  SɁ d<! %Ɂ %,Ɂ  Ɂ “Ɂ f`<Ɂ %Ɂ N!Ɂ SSɁ #!Ɂ 1%Ɂ1Ɂ  Ɂ# ɁɁ KɁ ;6Ɂ "!ɁCɁ  Ɂ ! Ɂ !%1ɁNɁ-GL]4ɁVɁ"! Ɂ<%Ɂ"!Ɂ"! Ɂ1ÛɁɁɁf%!­Ɂ SSɁ <Ɂ KɁ <Ɂ 1Ɂ %"1Ɂ <Ɂ #Ɂ _%%Ɂ " SɁ -nn]4Ɂ VɁ 1!Ɂ 1!Ɂ  1!Ɂ "Û%SɁ dɁ d%,Ɂ d< 1KɁ "<!Ɂ %NN<!Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ !S%Ɂ<dɁ Ɂ~ K1Ɂ"Ɂ !Ɂ ɁS"%4ɁJ ɁN<Ɂ1 S"Ɂ<dɁ Ɂ~ KNɁ <=N`<Ɂ#!ɁKÖN  Ɂ1Ɂd< Ɂ!<Ɂ-n;L]Ɂ<ɁKNɁ<H1!Ɂ-/LGŞɁ /LGŝɁG@6]ġɁ Ɂ%Ɂ<dɁ1ó"Ɂ%!ɁɁSS=Ɂ<Ɂ ɁɁ!N SɁd"1<ɁdɁ %1!"Ɂ d< Ɂ ~ KǝɁ %Ɂ fĽôÖɁ <Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ "4Ɂ A*BEG4#=L #B'0#*?8?/IL " "L LvɁ J Ɂ%bɁ 2Ɂ Ɂ[ Ɂȱ Ɂ  Ɂ'%ɁɁ'2Ɂ2Ɂ %Ɂ% Ɂ ''Ɂ¬Ɂ->6şɁa–ɁaEâAva–vAâv>v¸v>\žɁĩɁ Ɂ bĆɁ %ȶɁ %Ɂ iɁ 2ȣß2ijßɁ ¢=%Ɂ 2Ɂ iɁ ǦǿɁ  Ɂ -ĝan–Ɂ vLOɁvaZ\OɁ%Ɂ'¢bɁ '%Ɂ Ɂ' WbɁ  'Ɂ¢= i Ɂ#Ɂ 'i%Ɂ iɁ 8Ɂ  Ɂ bi'%Ɂ %Ɂ Ɂ !L Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. ! ! ! !  4 4 J Ɂ 'Ɂ 2Ɂ  Ɂ “ÿɁ ĩ %Ɂ x%Ɂ #Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ 2 Ɂ 2Ɂ Ɂ sɁǫ'%Ɂb ɁɁ Ɂ% %Ɂ%Ɂ %¸Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ '%Ɂ ''Ɂ #''ɁW#ęɁ İ¥%Ɂ 2Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ %' Ɂ 2Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ iɁ ªßiɁ Ɂ -/vOɁ! L vL>\Ɂ %Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ ' WɁ 2Ɂ Ɂ  ɁɁiɁ'bɁɁ2Ɂ[  ɁĄvva\ɁɁ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ%%mɁ  'mɁ Ɂ sɁ% mɁɁ%%Ɂ'Ɂ 'bɁH Ɂ2Ɂ Ɂ 'ȯɁ #Ɂ  Ɂ ÿɁ Ʀ'Ɂ wĪ %Ɂ xÿ%Ɂ 'Ɂ ->OɁAZOɁ "%<n "2*n ! L L ƣ'Ɂ #=ßiɁ #Ɂ  Ɂ 8bɁ 2Ɂ  Ɂ U Ɂ 'Ɂ Ɂ%Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ2ɁĶ%bɁ%ɁiɁ 'Ɂ2 ɁɁɁ  L Av6\TɁ ™Ɂ iɁ  Ɂ mɁ  Ɂ b  Ɂ %ªɁ WbɁ 2Ɂ ³ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ s Ɂ 2Ɂ %mɁ # Ɂ  b Ɂ%Ɂ  Ɂ øbɁ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ -ĝA>OAp6âvZ>\TɁ  ȏbɁ Ɂŀ#Ɂ%  %Ɂ%ªɁ'Ɂ'bɁ Ɂ  Ɂ 2Ɂ³ Ɂ  Ɂ#Ɂ'Ɂ %Ɂ %8bɁ iɁx   Ɂ -v6Ĝ\OɁ %Ɂ 'bɁ bb' Ɂ 2Ɂ ' Ɂ 2bɁ Ɂ #Ɂ W#Ɂ 2 Ɂ 'Ɂ ''mɁ  '%bɁH 'Ɂ2 ɁîǬɁ¥ ɁɁ'%ɁɁ%ɁɁ Ɂw'Ɂ x%Ɂ -Z\ºɁ k Ɂ  Ɂ % Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ %Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ ''Ɂ 'Ɂ %%Ɂ  ¬Ɂ ib '%ĚɁ ˜8'%bɁ Ɂ  ǜɁ  %Ɂ %%bɁ 2ɁiɁ “'Ɂ fŒɁl Ɂ2ɁiɁbɁ-/ȉLŠɁA6p{Ɂv6L\OɁɁ '‹'Ɂl Ɂ#Ɂ %Ɂ  Ɂ#'%Ɂ'WɁ Ɂê'ɁfŒɁ'Ɂ#iɁĮ Ɂ%Ɂ' ļɁ # ɁJ  Ɂ-LĜXLv\4ɁV ªɁ% Ɂ2Ɂ   Ɂ'Ɂ%Ɂ  8 Ɂ  Ɂ#Ɂ'Ɂ% %ɁɁɁõɁiɁbɁ%ɁɁ#ɁH"Ɂ Ɂx Ɂ -AA;šɁ AAE\4Ɂ !  ! & 4 4 ĐĕÜƊ 4 4 ‰ iɁɁiɁU8%%'ɁfŒɁiɁɁ% %ɁɁ%8Ɂ'%ɁɁiɁ b8Ɂ%Ɂ%' Ɂ2Ɂ iɁ ÊɁ f¢‹8Ɂ4Ɂ f'Ɂ2ļ %ɁɁ  Ɂ #øɁ 2Ɂ f»Ɂ Ò4Ɂ ¡ Ɂ %Ɂ ¹Ɂ ƁɁ Ò Ɂ  'Ɂ Ɂ #%Ɂ Ɂ b`ɁɁ Ɂ  'Ɂ' Ɂ2Ɂ#ɁɁ  'HɁ Ɂ%Ɂ2  Ɂ bɁ Ɂ  Ɂ  'Ɂ 2 ŀɁ 2Ɂ  Ɂ 4Ɂ xɁ #øɁ Ɂ UŒ'Ɂ%Ɂ} Ɂ %Ɂ%Ɂ Ɂ ¢'''Ɂ# Ɂ Ɂw Ɂ¸ɁɁ Ɂ % 8Ɂ #Ɂ %Ɂ 'NJb'Ɂ Ɂ lj'Ɂ 2Ɂ =Ɂ 'Ɂ %Ɂ  8Ɂ %#Ɂ 2‹ Ɂ Ɂ   4Ɂ ‰) Ɂ Ɂ iɁ 'Ɂ % %Ɂ Ɂ   u Œ%Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ ª^Ɂ 8bmɁ %Ɂ ÊɁ Ê 4Ɂ J ɁfɁ ŠɁ Į ªɁ ”s ¥Ɂ #Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ b%Ɂ 2Ɂ iɁ " mɁ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. E;Ɂ $DC-*CL  &ɁɁ Ɂ.&ɁɁ| Ɂ .  ɁɁɁɁ ɁɁ.Ɂ * Ɂ & Ɂ &Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  ÊɁ Ɂ ,.Ɂ L66§ Ɂ .Ɂ -Pp Ɂ :PF Ɂ /Pp Ɂ D;:54Ɂ I«Ō&Ɂ *.Ɂ  Ɂ . *Ø.Ɂ Ɂ *Ɂ  .Ɂ - ½ ;5 Ɂ Ɂ &Ɂ  *Ɂ - ½ 6D5ČɁ& Ɂ«*.ɁɁ ÞɁz  &Ɂ-7èƘ54ɁM  ,&×ɁɁɁ., .ɁɁĪ.Ɂ *Ɂ H  Ɂ&ɁɁ*Ɂ ɁŁ* Ɂ*#**&ɁA6mZE6Ɂ& ɁG;Ũ666ƂɁ™&*Ɂ &*H* * Ɂ . *Ɂ#.ɁɁ Ŷ.&*Ɂ ɁɁ * Ɂ&Ɂ*  ©4Ɂ ì*.* u &Ɂ *Ɂ .&©*&Ɂ `Ɂ Ɂ *Ɂ ƹ..Ɂ Ɂ Ô& Ɂ & 8y(-)Ċ Ɂ .* Ɂ l*.&.Ɂ & Ɂ &Ɂ & *Ý&×Ɂ *Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ô& Ɂ &Ɂ Ɂ .Ɂ Ɂ *Ɂ |Ɂ .*Ɂ &{XĊ P/654Ɂ M &Ɂ . .Ɂ . Ɂ Ɂ |Ɂ . Ɂ ×Ɂ &Ɂ Ɂ ..&&Ɂ ŌɁ &*& Ɂ -:PE5Ɂ & Ɂ*Ɂ &.&Ɂ Ɂ& Ɂ .*Ɂ  *H*.Ɂ-  ɁŽ¦Ɂ EP Ɂ P6G Ɂ GF;54Ɂ J*.*Ɂ *Ɂ . *.Ɂ & * Ɂ*Ɂ #*ɁfɁ *.*& *Ɂ Ɂ .*.Ɂ ©Ɂ I© Ɂ & ɁM`&Ɂ#ȑ*Ɂ .*.&Ɂ Ɂ .ž & Ɂ ă  &Ɂ Ɂ .*Ɂ &.Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ *&Ɂ Ɂ , «Ç&Ɂ &Ɂ .Ɂ `* 4Ɂ “ *& Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  . Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ .Ɂ &Ɂ #Ɂ   & ɁzɁ Ɂ|Ɂ-P>P Ɂ D®FąTɁ k .ɁɁ&.Ɂ..ɁɁ |Ɂ #*Ɂ &Ɂ *Ɂ .Ɂ Ɂ [*Ɂ ˜ȓɁ &Ɂ Ul*Ɂ -G>Z5Ɂ & Ɂ *Ɂ &zɁ &Ɂ ƭQ Ǵ Ɂ -ƖƙƜÌɁ (ûȟ( Ɂ Ɂ (ǧ,Ț(Ɂ Ç(Ɂ û,ü,.Ɂ ,țɁ (ȹ(&Ɂ & Ɂ ȝ#(zɁ Ɂ ,.Ɂ ,ƃɁ Ñ.,Ɂ Ɂ &&Ɂ  & Ɂ Ɂ ,.Ɂ W,& .Ɂ &  &Ɂ Ɂ|zɁ#.Ɂ Ɂz&Ɂ ,Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ z×Ɂ .Ɂ- ½ 7Ð Ɂ ½ 7p Ɂ P;p5 Ɂ .W . Ɂ .Ɂ ,& . Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ ,.Ɂ ,Ɂ #.Ɂ &ɁQ,zɁ.Ɂȡ&Ɂ ,  TɁ ‰Ɂ k Ɂ -GAƚmɁ DA>5Ɂ.Ɂ ɁɁ&*&.* Ɂ &  Ɂ&* &Ɂ .Ɂ*Ɂ*.Ɂ *H&&Ɂ Ɂ *Ɂ*& ɁɁ|zɁǓ* *&.Ɂ &Ɂ Ɂ *&Ɂ .4Ɂ k   Ɂ Ɂ &*..Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ [&Ɂ [&§U *Ɂ ›Ɂ Is* Ɂ &   Ɂ ɁɁ&«Ɂ .Ɂ#.Ɂ&zɁ,& zȠz* Ɂ&Ɂ|Ɂ, *Ɂ*H&.,&Ɂ-:D Ɂ /Fè5 Ɂ .,Ɂ  .&Ɂ ,& .Ɂ Ɂ |z,Ɂ z , .Ɂ -76>Ì Ɂ |«,Ɂ .,. Ɂ Ȁ&u *& *Ɂ&Ɂ ɁɁŖ:FF5ČɁ& ɁɁ. *&Ɂ &*Ɂ&Ɂ ɁɁ . .ɁɁ*Ɂ *&&&Ɂ Ɂ*ɁU *Ɂf`&Ɂ -F:5ƄɁ Ô*Ɂ ** *&ɁɁ&Ɂ .Ɂ& Ɂ *Ɂ &  &Ɂ Ɂ  * Ɂ *Ȑ* *&. Ɂ ©*Ɂ *Ɂ *Ɂ * &«Ɂ  ɀ & . Ɂ *Ɂ&#ɁɁɁɁ*Ɂ.ɁɁ&¬Ɂ&ȲɁ .Ɂ ** *&.4Ɂ JɁ|ž & zɁ.Ɂ&ɁɁ&«Ɂ .Ɂz *Ɂ, & ɁɁ .Ɂ ..Ɂ .&. ɁH&.Ɂ.Ɂ.ũɁ Ɂ. `& Ɂ& Ɂ*Ɂ.Ɂ  . Ɂ Ɂ *Ɂ ..*l&Ɂ [ Ɂ * Ɂ -pŪɁ :::^Ɂ DPFĊɁ GG;54Ɂ Ƽ*Ɂ *.&.Ɂ Ɂ *Ɂ *©Ɂ Ɂ ÞɁ |Ɂ * *Ɂ *Ɂ &Ɂ&Ɂ ..Ɂ .* Ɂ Ɂ . *Ɂ &**.&Ɂ  *.Ɂ *Ɂ **&Ɂ *.*&* Ɂ &(CĊ /PZ5TɁ Ô*Ɂ *&.&Ɂ  Ɂ &`&Ɂ &Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ U Ɂ |`&Ɂ . Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ .Ɂ   Ɂ &Ɂ H & Ɂ &Ɂ Ɂ . Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ .Ɂ .4Ɂ I*..Ɂ .Ɂ *&Ɂ  Ɂ &*#Ɂ &Ɂ ɁŁɁ .Ɂ -P6>5 Ɂ #Ɂ  &Ɂ *Hu &.ɁɁ[&Ɂ[& ɁI & ȷɁ-F6 Ɂ: ½ ; Dè;5 Ɂ& Ɂ˜ï&Ɂ& 4ɁĪɁ.Ɂ *&Ɂ  ɁɁ[ Ɂ *Ɂ *&Ɂ Ɂ **Ɂ Ɂ *Ɂ *Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ U *Ɂ|`&¶Ɂ * ûɁ#,&ɁɁU *Ɂ›Ɂ ** *&.Ɂ&Ɂ*ɁU *Ɂ Ɂ -FƏ ɁæF>ć PPDÌ ěɁ ưɁ.Ɂ .ɁȜɁ  &. Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  ¥*ž (,./ %1 ,'"'01 :0+:5) n EEɁ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. #n ĊĊĊ >Ċ Ċ `# ØĊ Ă Ċ'Ċ # Ċ #Ċ Ċ >Ċ  Ċ FĊF Ċ *Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ I ÝĊ ¼BĊ  Ċ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ  ĊFĊ¿  Ċ5  ĊĊĊ >ĊĊĊ4Ċ .Ċ IĊ 'Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ ` ÙĊ  Ċ Ċ ?*Ċ ? Ċ  Ċ Ċ  Ċ @Ċ HĊ 'Ċ g  Ċ o  Ċ -’’{Ɂ G7@đGG754Ɂ ! ! ! ! 4 4 !!  !  4 4 ¶ Ċ Ċ  /Ċ 1Ċ FĊ h  ŽĊ 5  Ċ  Ċ FĊ ½ BĊ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ *Ċ Ċ  Ċ ĊĊĊh Ċ ĊĊ ĊĊ >  AĊ<Ċ#Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ AĊ RĊ ĊĊĊ  Ċ /Ċ  Ċ1ĊĊ Ċ 'Ċ ĊĊ  Ċ B/Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ   # Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ ## *Ċ #  Ċ * Ċ  # Ċ   Ċ  Ċ Ċ #Ċ #ü Ċ  BĊ Ċ  Ċ Ċ  /Ċ ? /Ċ  Ċ   ĊĊ Ċ Ċ -7/Y Ɂ77Y Ɂ77ˆ Ɂ G6754Ɂ `  /Ċ Ċ ? Ċ Ċ ?Ċ  Ċ #Ċ '1Ċ  Ċ â  Ċ  Ċ Ċ ĊĊĊ Ċ Ċ  Ċ #Bc Ċ @Ċ Ċ  Ċ   Ċ ?/Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ ? DĊ·*/Ċ1Ċ  B Ċ 'ĊĊ<'ĊĊ  Ċ  ¯Ċ  Ċ ôĊ ' Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ aĊĊ hĊ T Ċ  Ċ 1Ċ  Ċ Ċ '11Ċ Ċ    Ċ Ċ /Ċ /Ċ  Ċ Ċ ùĊ  Ċ Ċ 4BĊ -@7–Ɂ7/F Ɂ 77YãɁ G6754Ɂ <Ċ ' Ċ  Ċ Ċ  Ċ R Ċ  1 Ċ * Ċ Ċ * Ċ Ċ Ċ èĊ # *Ċ  Ċ Ċ I Ċ -77YOɁ77Ÿ5ŢɁ j' 'HĊ -G675OɁj'Ċ -G6YđG6F5OɁ Ċ Õ Ċ -G@/5Ɂ Ċ Ċ 'Ċ  Ċ Ċ  .Ċ <Ċ # #Ċ Ċ Ċ  *Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ 4Ċ 4tI Ċ Ó*Ċ 5 GĊ -77G Ɂ 7ˆL5Ɂ ? Ċ Ċ Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ *Ċ Ċ Ċ @Ċ Ċ  /Ċ 'Ċ   Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ aĊĊ YɁ k¦ĉĊ 4Ċ4Ċ'Ċ   Ċ#Ċ Ċ /Ċ Ċ'Ċ ĊlĊaĊ  sĊ? /Ċ sĊ Ċ Ċ -YGOŸ/O/’@O/E6Í 7YGOGE75¹Ɂ N11Ċ 1  Ċ Ċ 1Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ   Ċ Ċ  */Ċ Ċ TĊ Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ  Ċ 1Ċ  '1Ċ  Ċ  Ċ Ċ 4Ċ 41Ċ  Ċ ?Ċ1Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ @ĊĊ Ċ  1Ċ  ĊĊ -/L7–77754Ɂ g@ ĊĊ4Ċ *Ċ  Ċ  Ċ * Ċ  Ċ #Ċ Ċ Ċ  YÀ Ċ úýĊ Ċ  #Ċ Ċ Ċ Ĉ >  Ċ   Ċ -/’L Ɂ /F@ Ɂ 7//54Ɂ i'Ċ   *Ċ #  Ċ  Ċ Ċ Ċ Ċ @ Ċ  ŸĊ Ċ ' kĊ  Ċ Ċ *#BĊ 'Ċ   *Ċ  Ċ -F@ţɁ /’E Ɂ /L’5Ɂ Ċ Ċ   Ċ Ċ 'Ċ # *Ċ   ĊĊ  *ĊĊĊĊ Ċ ĊĊĊ Ċ 4Ċ #Ċ -77F54Ɂ ga#Ċ##Ċ Ċ Ċ #Ċ/ĊĊ@ KĊ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. EYɁ O a_VU_Ɗ  Ɂ    cɁ 9 Ɂ 9Ɂ 9Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ } Ɂ V    Ɂ I Ɂ 9  cɁ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ 9Ɂ -a> Ɂ 7o@ Ɂ 7;654Ɂ VɁf Ɂ -7/@5Ɂ  ɁÒɁ -:Yo Ɂ :Y;5 Ɂ  9Ɂ Ɂ } Ɂ V    Ɂ I Ɂ   Ɂ9 c Ɂ     Ɂł Ɂ 9 c Ɂ 9 Ɂ c Ɂ Ɂ9Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ    Ɂ ɁɁ  Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ 994Ɂ JɁU Ɂ›cɁ Ɂ99   Ɂ# Ɂ Ɂf Ɂ  ɁɁɁ9   Ɂ  ā Ɂ ā#9Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ 9 õɁ  Ɂ   Ɂ  c Ɂ  Ɂ  ɁɁ  Ɂ 9Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  ɁɁ Ɂ[ Ɂ 4Ɂ[9 ǏɁ  Ɂ  Ɂ$ɁɁ  ɁɁ ɁU ¢=Ɂ›c Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ$Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ#9Ɂ Ɂ $  Ɂ  Ɂ  $Ɂ È# Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ } Ɂ V =à  Ɂ I Ɂ    ɁcɁɁ9 ɁɁ$   Ɂ  $Ɂ Ɂ#ŷcɁ9 9Ɂ Ɂ 9Ɂ  9Ɂ  Ɂ  9Ɂ -a> Ɂ ::A54Ɂ VɁ Ɂ9 œɁ 9 ɁMɁĬ œ 9 Ɂ9  cɁɁ} ɁV    ɁI Ɂ $ $ɁɁ ɁŠ Ɂ Ɂ$ɁÄ  ɁɁ  Ɂ  Ɂ ɁĬgɁ  $ɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ    ɁɁ $$ ɁV Ɂ  TɁ JɁƳWɁ$ u  Ɂ  ŅɁ 9Ɂ  $ Ɂ Ɂ $ úɁ $ $Ɂ  Ɂ WɁ 9Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  $Ɂ-:67 Ɂ:®YĉɁ:®>5TɁ İ$c Ɂ Ɂ} ɁV =à  ɁI Ɂ u Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ [Ŏ Ɂ 9Ɂ  $Ɂ łcɁ  $  Ɂ  Ɂ $ Ɂ $Ɂ $  9Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ   9Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ $ $Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ -:67 Ɂ :;Y Ɂ :®a Ɂ 7o:5ƅɁ M$ɁɁ ¤l {Ɂ & Ɂ ,¤ ¤¤,¤ɁɁ Ɂ,¤ɁɁ ɁĨ Ɂ 9  ɁɁ à Ɂ ú Ɂ 9Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ   Ɂ -/>E Ɂ P®®–Ɂo/a54Ɂ JɁ g  9Ɂ 9 Ɂ }gɁJ   ɁɁ9Ɂ  Ɂ 9 cɁ Ɂ  Ɂ-:76ūɁ:o7 Ɂ/oo 77E o6@54Ɂ[ 9Ɂ ɁɁ Ɂ:E6Ɂ 9Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ     ÍɁ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ #Ɂ  Ɂ 9 Ɂ  9Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 4Ɂ JɁ Ɂ  9Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ    Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ  Ɂ 9  9Ɂ -:76 Ɂ /76 Ɂ o/654Ɂ JɁ 9 cɁɁɁɁ  ɁɁ Ɂ  Ɂ k$ Ɂ 9  9Ɂ Ɂ cɁ 9   Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ 9Ɂ J   Ɂ ˜9Ɂ 9Ɂ -o6@54Ɂ JɁ   Ɂ Ɂ ēV Ɂ  9Ɂ  Ɂ J# 9cɁ  Ɂ Ɂ 9  Ɂ Ɂ  Ɂ  ɁɁ   Ɂ 9c9  9Ɂ $Ɂ Ɂ 9l ɁɁ 9Ɂ l$ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 9   Ɂ cɁ  9Ɂ 9  $Ɂ ->o Ɂ /:7 Ɂ /oo Ɂ 76Y Ɂ 7/@ Ɂ 7;o5TɁ JɁ  œɁ  Ɂ  9Ɂ 9Ɂ  ` Ɂ cɁ $ Ɂ  cɁó Ɂ   Ɂ Ɂ$È Ɂ  9Ɂ #Ɂc$Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ 9 Ɂ H cɁ Ɂ V Ɂ  9  Ɂ  9 9Ɂ -76> Ɂ 7Ğa54Ɂ ĥ  Ɂ $  9Ɂ Ɂ   Ɂ V Ɂ  9Ɂ g#9Ɂ Ɂ $ Ɂ Ɂ 9 cɁ -Y/ Ɂ @7 Ɂ /6; Ɂ :77 Ɂ :Eo Ɂ :@E Ɂ Ɣ:@ Ɂ o;E54Ɂ ƽ9Ɂ 9Ɂ 9  $Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ     ɁcɁ9 ` Ɂ9  9ɁɁ Ɂ ɁɁ ɁV Ɂ  c Ɂ   cɁ Ɂ  Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ ɁH Ɂ -/E> Ɂ 7/Y Ɂ o6o5 Ɂ 9  Ɂ 9 Ɂ -Y@ Ɂ aY Ɂ /E> Ɂ P/>5 Ɂ  Ɂ   Ɂ -aa Ɂ @j5ĚɁ íɁ   Ɂ 99Ɂ Ɂ 9  Ɂ #Ɂ9Ɂ $cɁ# Ɂ$Ɂ 8  Ɂ-YA Ɂj6YÌ Ɂ Ɂ Ɂ  8Ɂ9c 9ɁɁ V Ɂ c Ɂ   cɁ Ɂ¢= ¥ ^ɁɁ   Ɂ Ɂ 9 Ɂ9  9Ɂ -@@ Ɂ :A: Ɂ /AA Ɂ /;> A:A j6aą»Ɂ @+BFH6#>L #B(0#+?8?-IL :/):7) n EŸɁ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. @RP@N[XKRPn R Ċ 9Ċ  Ċ Ċ 9Ċ  Ċ " Ċ Ċ 9öĊ ÷ Ċ Ċ5JéĊ Ċ JĊĊĊ   /Ċ Ċ ĊĊíĊĊĊ DĊ <Ċ   Ċ Ċ Ċ   Ċ 9Ċ Ċ J Ċ Ċ JĊ   Ċ Ċ "  Ċ    Ċ  Ċ Ċ 9Ċ Ċ "Ċ Ċ Ċ TT ê Ċ 9"Ċ   Ċ Ċ  JĊ Ċ  Ċ Ċ .Ċ ÊĊ Ċ ĊޚĊĊ ĊJ ðĊ Ċă9Ċ î ĊŽ ĊĊ5øĊĊı JĊ   Ċ " Ċ  YĊ  Ċ  Ċ 9Ċ  ë  ZĊ R±ÃÈËÔĀ²¹Å€ÉÐÏĊ VɁ HĊ FÛĊ `mY}Ċ  Ċ ÂĊ ÎìĊ  Ċ Ċ Ċ "Ċ Ċ T DĊ 717:1@  7@ , " a $Y2+č ĶÑƊ ,A?6!a °,Ɋ Ë;,_Ć,ðɊ &( Dč !‘  č  č &( č 0$a $ č ×Ɗ , A=;$a G; JɅɊ ;Ɋ >,s £;hɊ ‚ę -Ɋ aŸɊ ZɊ G,;hɊ ‚ Ɋ ĩČƊ >;Ć,Ɋ <Ɋ ÊPɊ );, ;P-Ɋ ! ič ! č  č $2č At+  č 3 $ a $9č ! č =Ɗ ,A?6#a    7@č č   č č P č  2   č )č  ;_ J<Ɋ Ɋ ;ɊÊ,J,#Ɋ ‘ɊJ,~ Lj ;æɊ gč E g čBgč Kvč ^č ìÐƊ $ű Ŝs č 7 - 70Aa  :č lè¯č $ n(č 79č 6$a $+ ( sMč $č ,A?3#a   č @č 2\ 8 ãč  č  (Òč č !  č 4 Ɋ ;Ɋ Z,Ɋ 3)C;0=6a 7 # a $ č =č &č ,A?;#a & č '  č  č P  č ); Ɋ Ǻ J-Ɋ ‚J -Ɋ ą; -Ɋ 36D ,  , ;Aa ;a $ 9č =  9 č !   č  č $ č ' č - A?0#a € Y0č  č 0‡ˆ č č č <  č  č É p č 4;,-ɊƲJ Ɋ ‚J -Ɋ ; -Ɋ 6E0)3 ,0a = # a $( Mč   č , A=;a A2č ‰2 ]Yč č  č 2  č  č ! č @č č č $č E  pč PɊ ; Ɋ ĽIJƊ >J;PɊ aß ;ȦĊ,  Ɋ ;Ɋ ;,Ċ,PȰɊ SSSF830 66#a ! t„³č )B$č ?a $( +9č č , A=?$a &č l č  +2 č  č ( õč =  č pɊ fÐɊ >0J ĞɊ Ë;Ɋ ; Ɋ F[;Ɋ > -Ɋ  ,Ɋ ģ) G;, ùF A$a $ č E č 3  č , A? ,  a ) Y č 0č + + č+ 7 č 0 + č č ( č^  9č   č EÔƊ u,; Ɋ; -Ɋ ?H3A ,6)6a , )$a $ šč E č 3  č , A?;$a = č t ( č ëč ù ÓŠÊÙ°č č :čY_][a $ąX7 Šð§č ' č % 0č 0)) a č 0),06a = = F $2p cč  č E @č ' ¨ č ATč , A? , $ a ZɊ k’L’òɊ ;Ɋ ; Ɋ ’JȖɊ A;ȵ-Ɋ &( Dč 3 č P + č  č %  ă č  č  č - 0 $ a 3 >( č Q č -A?)a ! č2č% 2 @č 4; ;Ɋ Ɋ 0=I083=,a , 3 $ a 3 : č ^ č & h č ,A?0$a ^ Uč č 2@č č 22 č + č 27č  č ! č ć č ' č % 0 č 003 a č 0?730)a , 6  a 3   Mč Eč , A=A$a Â+ Žč Žƒ č ŊƈƉ gƇg+ţšʼnŷƊ č  ?č bŸ+ŒƊbŬ+ÛƊ ¸č ÿs ^;p’JL’0;·hɊ 00GA0<$a $@ 2Þ±č Qč B  č  č ' ìč P+ƒ č  č ‘ ( 7 č . 8 $ a 3K0KMč %č $ č ,A?6$a _Kč Î KKúč č  : č 0č   +(´č  č    (č  7 č 0č ( wč   č )č A ;ėğė s J<Ɋ  Ɋ ;Ɋ Ê,J,pɊ ‘Ɋ J, ;hɊ  č Eč B  č P č € č  = Ɗ $‡ˆ  7Rč č 83 ,8?$a  :č ar²č $  (č , <  a QW\YW` a ^ÍƊ $hč - A?<#a   č  + č   Uč  77č  (7 č č  č +č ü č 07č  àč 0č  ( č  č 8 )))= ?))a 3   č'K č% 0č 0)) a uuÖƊ 68 ;6a , = # a 3 wč A č Nč ,A?0#a Å č ( č :č  č <č č č   Dč č 0á72 č č ! č )))¢)<č Ï7 @ č a ,Ɋ =J0), 08a ,?a 3nnĆrč l  č A č - A? , $ a$č Úq č 0č + ( č ċ Y č č E č    + +č kR_Ɋ ƨɊ , ? E .0;a , A # a 3xč  Ò Ɗ 3 x č@ Mč  Ø ‹ Ɗ'râ č !Oč -² - A?7 a Æ č  m Ë(mč Ąm  č č č 2  č  + č P ( č <  @Mč   č -**1 1 ' 1 Ɋ 1 Ɋ | Ɋ )M# Ɋ & Ɋ F,# Ɋ 1r  ƒ Ā sˎ /ˎ *xd ² J² E²  "ˎ )_uVe‹ƒ‹sx_V„² †Vx©e² j‹†² Iež² ),IJɊ Ž Ɋ Y ĈàáƊ 1 Ɋ &g Ɋ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only.  ü  ˎ *x–_u‹j ² 3² ˎ Tž‘² /‡›–›euž‡s² de–² +uV¢v‡K›v„–² x‡² )„›Iež² 4,' Ɋ ÆŞ6 Ɋ Š6 Ɋ '*Dz Ɋ 1G++Ę+ˎ ;Ɗ *‹‡V¢xV ² -² ˍˎ /6² _‹†Žƒe~‹² +ux­ ¢V›e‘‹–² žˆV² VŽ‘‹¤x†VhxŒˆ² ›e_ˆ‹ƒŒsvhV² l/Ĭ]Ɋ )M#]Ɋ &* Ɋ ºG  û"ˎ ˎ *‹ˆV¢yV ² -²   ÉƊ y #Ɋ ”H #řɊ Bx†V² +‹Ž² 1v‡V‡_² -e–V“‘‹ƒ„‹² K)² +‹jwde² YŠd² 7‡–›² )že‹ƒ² )ƒe†W‡² ˎ *‹‡V¢xV² -²  Ôˎ Ie‘ž² 8ˆ² XX' {#Ɋ  Ɋ Ɋ '* 6* Ɋ F',6VɊ ed² 4² +„eef² ŽŽ²  /@  + ŗ ˎ +V†^‘xdse ² +V†® ^wdse² O‡x¢² I‘e––² +ˎ *‹‡V¢wV ² -² +ˎ )M' Ɋ 6Ɋ Ɋ *,Ɋ ǒ'M¾Ɋ MV‡–„² I² >² C¦‹‡² * „‹‹†x‡s›‹‡² O‡x¢² 9‡dxV‡V² Ie––² èÄˎ *‹ˆV¢xV² -  ²+W’de‡V–² E  ²9‘|V’œe ² 1 ² EV›‹– ² E²  /ˎ Ee†‹wV²¦ e¤Ž‹–x_xŒ‡² de² ƒV² +‹†y—xˆ² Ng_‡y_V² +Vƒxox_Vd‹V² de² I‘‹¦e_›‹–² )že‹ƒsw_‹–² de„² :‡–›v›ž›‹² FVax‹‡V„² de² +ž„›žV²  "û/ˎ Cw†V%² ;ˆ–² GV`² ĔxpžÌƊ è" ˎ *‹‡‡xe‘² ˎ  ˎ Ixžž² ‡že¢V–² e¢vde‡_vV–² de² ‹_žŽV_x‡² ›e†Ž‘V‡V² eˆ² NV‡›V†V¦‹² Iež² Ž*Ɋ'GM Ɋ S ȑɊ G@/ˎ èˎ *e‡‡V‡² -  ² /ˎ +e“‹² )e‡V(² eV“„¦² _žƒ›žVƒ² _‹†Ž„e¤x›¦² V‡d² ‡ž_ƒeV›x‹‡² w‡² G‹‘œu² +‹V–›Vƒ² Ie‘Ÿ² x­Ɋ ¡ Ɋ'*¥ Ɋ "r  ƒ ¼ üsˎ Ɗ *‘e£–›e‘*‘V§ ² +² +² ğˎ LŽVœyVƒ² ŽV››e•x‡s² V‡d² œue² jž‡_›w‹‡² ‹j² V² 5žV‘x² \“auw›ea›žVƒ² _‹†Ž‹ž‡d² Kee² Jej²  Ǖ >ˎ ŽŽ²  @+ˎ /ˎ *‘‹£†V‡ ²-² D²     ˎIeux–›‹’|_²‡ž›‘y® ›x‹‡² V‡d² †edx_v‡e² x‡² ›ue² CV‚e² Nx›v_V_V² *V–x‡² <‡²F Ɋ ,Ɋ Ɋ #qɊ ed² >² R² *V–›yeˆ ² t'ˎ E² .‹‡Vuže ² ŽŽ² $Ž  ă  Ɗ SV–ux‡s›‹‡² -+&² ) †  ² )‡›u‹Ž‹„² )––‹_²    ˎ *”žuˆ– ² A  ² H² Ɗ Nue² †‹‹‡² V‡x†Vƒ² x‡² ‡‹›ue•² Ie‘ž¢xV‡² V›² V‡d² _ž„›ž‘e² ‰gXɊ A*Ɋ  ĉ  Ɗ ˎ *že‡‹ ² )²  ˎ )‘žx›e_›ž‘V² Že® +uV¢k‡² e‡² ƒ‹–² )‡de–² +e‡›“V„e–² 4 Ɋ ƒɊ ZɊ Ö ǖ Ġsˎ ˎ *ž‘se‘ ² J  ² C² 7    ˎ Nue² ‘Vdv‹_V‘^‡² e¢xde‡_e² j‹‘² ›uh² ›h†Ž‹Vƒ² Žx‹xœ¦² ‹j² +uV¢l‡² de² 3žW‡›[²  Ɋ ,G Ɋ 1Ȇ+@ üƊ .ˎ *žse ² J² _ȃ ˎ IŒ~‹a² V‡d² RV†V‡² SVx‡² ›£‹² /V‘ƒ¦² 3‹U‘x©‹‡² ¢y„ƒVse–² x‡²›ue² +uV¢yˆ² ue]‘ƒVˆd² &RXɊ ALɊ /ôŭ  /ˎ $<Ɗ *ž’se‘ ² J  ² C²   Ɗ vɊ A'#$ 'ǧ*Ɋ É**MX, Ɋ QɊ YH,Ɋ Ɋ FMțVɊ 'M Ɋ P‡x¢² +V„xj² Iž^„² )‡›u‹Ž‹ƒ² ˎ ºÃˎ *žse ² % h č ıÈƊ  ˎ )‘`uXe‹„‹sv_Vƒ² \“eV–² V‡d² Žeux–›‹“xa² j‹‡›we–!² ›ue² aV–e² ‹j²j‹“†V›x¢e²Ie“ž²V‡d²/_žVd‹² :‡²r *, Ɋ  Ɋj*  |,*Ɋ É'6,Ɂ Ɋ Ɋ Ɋ A'S ,#1,*Ɋ #qɊ ed² -² C² *“‹£†V‡² J² D² *Ÿ‘te‘ ² E  ² )  ² Jz¢e‘V ² ŽŽ ² $  ; Ɗ H¤j‹d² *)J² 9‡›² Ke²  ˎ "ˎ *žse ² J² B²  •ˎ I“eux–›‹“wa² –›¨„v–›x_² _uV‡se² V‡d² _žƒ›ž‘V„² de¢e„‹Ž†e‡›² V›² 3ž[‘y_‹›‹ ² Ie‘ž² & Ɋ Ž 6' Ɋ l# Ɋ  râ¯+/+@þˎ ˎ *Qse ² %č B² + ˎ +‹‡_„ždv‡s² e¯ †[’—'²e[‘ƒ¦²Iež¢yVˆ²_x¢yƒx©V›y‹‡²V‡d²y›–² eƒV›x‹‡² ›‹² ›ue² +uV¢v‡² u‹x¬‹‡² Kee² Jej²  ‰Ɗ ŽŽ² Ä@ˎ zˎ *ž‘se‘ ² %©č C   ²)–V‘‹ ² ì”ȃ "ˎ )ˆWƒv–v–² de² V˜s‹–² –xs‡wjx_V›x¢‹–² e‡² „V² ‹^–xdxV‡V² de² „‹–² )ˆde—² +e‡œ‘V?e–²l^ïɊ )M#ðɊ &ƓȓɊ r  ""ƒG çû+ˎ /ˎ *žse ² % č _  L ȃKVƒV©[‘*žse ² C² /ˎ Jx›žV„² V‡d² eƒxsx‹‡² V›² 3ž\“w_‹›‹ ² '* 6<Ɋ r1âG1ûˎ    ˎ *ž‘se‘ ² J² C  ²KV„V©[‘*ž‘se ² C²  Äˎ /V„¦² ‹sV‡xªV›w‹‡V„² dx¢e–x›¦² w‡²›ue²Ie® ‘ž¢yV‡²uysuƒV‡d–² 5žVy_‹œ‹² V‡d² A‹›‹–u² Kee² Jej² è//ˎ ŽŽ² º+@èˎ ˎ +V†ŽV‡V ² +² ˎ°Ɋ ƴ,H, Ɋ) Ĉ,S  ķ/xŕœpŚsĊƊ ļľ/iŵiƊ ĚŃŒŽs/ňŶƊ ˎ +V‡e ² J² /² 1ˎ =_‹‡‹sVjmV² de² +uV® ¢{ˆ² bVx†V‡e–²  c‹_‹d‰ v_‹–² ¦² –ž–² Vn_e–² _uV†Wˆv_V–² 4 Ɋ Z|Ɋ +GÄĘ+ˎ ˎ +V‘_ed‹ ² I ² Kuw†VdV ² 9² dz+ ˎ *eux‡d² ›ue²s‹ƒde‡²†V–‚"² ›ue² Kx_W‡²s‹„d²\“›xjVa›–² j‹†² *V›W‡² 2V‡de² Ie‘ž² vɊ 'Ɋ QɊ 'L M[Ɋ Ž qɊ ed² 0² *eˆ–‹ˆ ² @² >‹‡e– ²ŽŽ² º/ƺ"+ˎ *‹–›‹‡#² Cx››„e ² *“‹£‡² Ɗ +W‘de‡V– ² E² èƊ )² _u‹‡‹ƒ‹s¦² ‹j²›ue² ž–e² ‹j²†V‘xˆe² ‘e–‹ž_e–² v‡² V‡_xe‡›²Ie‘ž² Mƿ ,Ĉ*,óɊ & Ɋ âƊ  Ɋÿ#,M Ɋ ƪ,ĬS 6MwȜ Ɋ Cy†V$² Le†yˆ]’z‹² de² )‘že‹ƒ‹® s{V ² I‹‡›vjn_xV² O‡x¢e‘–xdVd² +V›Œ„x_V² deƒ² Ie‘¡² ºˎ +V“dwau² )²  "ºˎ )sx_ž„›‹e–² ¦² ŽV–® ›‹e–² e‡²CVž‘v_‹_uV²¦² „n†x›e–² –žŽev‹e–² de„² _ž„›w¢‹² lH Ɋ )MȯëɊ &*ŚɊ   ȇ  @ǡÄˎ "ˎ +[‘dv_u ² )² +ˎNue²rž_›žVœxˆs²žŽŽe‘² ƒy†y›–² ‹j²_žƒœx¢Vœy‹ˆ²yˆ²›uh²+e‡‘Vƒ²)ˆde–² V‡d²›uex‘²x†ŽV_›²‹‡²Iež¢xV‡² Žeux–›‹¦²  H Ɋ ¢ ' Ɋ'* Ɋ  @ˎ ˎ +V–›‘‹² de² ƒV² EV›V² J  ² *‹ˆV¢xV² -  ²  /ˎ M£‹² Vddw›x‹‡Vƒ² aV–e–² ‹ j ²„ž†^‹® –V`‘Vƒ²†Vƒj‹‘†V›x‹ˆ™² Vˆd² –Žy‡V²^xp}dV²yˆ² V² Ie‘Ÿ¢xV‡² I‘e_e‘V†x_² _uvƒd² YM''ĞɊ Ɉ ' XȒ Ɋ  ç Å+  +ƹ  1 ˎ ˎ +uVž_uV›² +²  "ºˎ Mue² IVxW‡² ‹†° Žƒe¤ ² IV†ŽV² de²,žŽv–‡wže ² Iež² &gS XɊ *Ɋ   r  "+ƒ½+sÄˎ +/ˎ +uVž_uV›² +²  "ˎ )ddv›x‹‡Vƒ ‹^–e‘¢V± œy‹ˆ–² ‹ˆ² œue² IVy€Wˆ² _‹†Žƒe¥² ‰gXɊ *Ɋ  1r  "ƒG+ sºˎ    Ɗ +uZ¢e©² L² t'ˎ ðƊ G‹›e–² ‹‡² –‹†e² –›‹‡e² –_ž„Ž›že² q‹†² ›ue² ‡‹‘›ue•² BVe² Mw›x_V_V² *V–v‡² &g1Ɋ *Ɋ  G"ǶĘˎ ËƊ +uW¢e« ² L² t'ˎ ÊƊ Hj²‘eˆd²Yš² j ˆi‘Y”|Yš² @*BDG5#<L #B%2#,?8?-IL Ħ Ŏ âřàļĽ } âśàĪȃ G5/ǘȃ ȃ ‘ȃ Ƽ 5‘ȃ 9   ‘ȃ ,C # 8/ < ȃ A/ ȃ ȃ ȃ ? < <ȃ  ȃ T+ȃ Ƽ 060Ɋƒ0Ɋ Gˎé@/ˎ +fĞˎ  ƐFTkȃ Ccȃ Ģ Ä „ Ɗ 2 9ȃ  óF Tƒȃ \¿Ɗ İƊ  "1ˎ%ȃ+Fȃ(# ȃDȃn+Lȃ  Lȃ  "ȃ  ȃ <üȃ D #  ȃ iȃ  ȃ ȃ (#ȃ Dȃ (<G ȃ (+# ȃ Ƭ9ȃ < ȃ #  ȃ Dȃ /ȃ  ȃ — F cȃ &g1Ɋ Ɋ  f G+¤ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. ˎ +ˎ  ÕȃS  ȃ "ˎ'010 06ĽɊ ɊF0' Ɋ _  ȃ oG F ( ȃ Z+ Gȃ 2ȃ  ȃ CGȃ 29+(ȃ ++ˎ  G0ȃ 2ȃ Zȃ  "ˎ<  ȃ9((9 ȃ  ȃ  1 ǧȃ iȃ 1 +# •ȃ  ȃ +  X 1 +ȃ ’ȃ i/ȃ # ȃ +(<ȃ Dȃ Ïȃ h ȃƒH#ɊɊƒɊ'0 06<hɊ ȃ ?ȃ _ȃ —ǛV Lȃ ȃ @ fˎ - ȃ A1²ȃ 2# ȃ +1ˎ  GÔȃ 2ȃ Zȃ "ˎ %+  1 +ȃ G5ȃ9Ȁ G(ȃ Dčȃ < ƣȃ  G#9ȃ ĉĒ<ȃ Mȃ ȃ &g1Ɋ Ɋ  1Gf@+/ˎ +"ˎ 31+,'1C ecȃ %8Ɗ ğ" ˎ $C 6>3,=9&317@C VF ȁ1ȃ ËF <  (ȃ iȃ < ȃ S9ȃ A9 Ǽ T ȃ &g1Ɋ Ɋ  1 G  ę   ˎ +ˎ  u Lȃ e  ȃ  Ó Ɗ ˎ Ƅ ȃ i8<  ȃ ''5ȃ Dȃ 2  ȃ A9 T ȃ Ǚ ‘xȃ Ɋ &ÍɊdžƒ Ɋ r Ɋ f+Ȉ1@ˎ +ˎ Gu Lȃecȃ Ɗ +ˎ- ȃ+ # +< ȃiȃ A+ȃ  ȃ (ȃ N (ȃ C ȃ N Dcȃ y‚ȃ ȃ  f@1ˎ 1/ˎ  u GLȃ e  ȃ t  ˎ +ˎ +9ȃ  ȃ n  G+ȃ # (< ȃ <  ȃ Ȃ ȃ (<ȃ ȃȃ ( ȃ VF 1ȃ < #  ȃ &g1Ɋ Ɋ   Ö DŽˎ E } ȃ  /Lȃ ¢ȃ } yyȃ  l <ȃ { Éêȃ  ȃ W +ȃ  (## F ȃ + #ȃ ȃ # ȃ ů ÿ+ȃX Ǡȃ { kȃ  9œcȃ ¼Ɗ u ƒɊ '0 Ɋ r  â @   ˎ 1   ˎ  "ƓHȃ ¢& ȃ e  ȃ   ř ˎ #"ȃ # 8ÿb (ńȃ (Ê #ȃ / <G+ ‚ȃ  ȃ # ȃ ’ (  ȃ Dȃ 8ÏF Ëȃ  ǜ(Ņȃ | Ɋ G Ɋ 1GǦǧ1ˎ 1fřˎ  9Lȃ s¬ȃ e  ȃ  ”ˎ - úȃ O9 Ƒȃ <X D(ȃ Dȃ   ȃ   •ȃ (ȃ (+ ȃ  ȃ  < +ȃ  +<  (ȃ C ȃNiȃ fˎ ȃ "ƻ  " ˎ 1ˎ a‚ȃ %  ȃ fˎ %'+<(ȃ iȃ (#5 ȃ Ĝ 1ȃ ȃ A9 ȃ  ȃ n   +ȃ + 1X  éȃ # ȃ  #ȃ ? <ȃ  ȃ C+/ƾƯ+ 9cȃ C ȃ NDȃ f    ˎ ȃ 1¤+ˎ 1+ ˎ 9p ‘0ȃ %ȃ ""ˎ  F Gȃ č5 ȃ <Ēȃ (  +Û:+ Ƴ +ȃ/ 1 (ȃ W ȃ'S Y0 |[ȆɊ 'Ɋ F0ÙVɊ ȃ %ȃ X  ē0ȃ Ɗ C#ĆLȃ ȃ f+fƼ1ˎ ȃ%#èȃ  uȃ O +#  (ȃ 11ˎ p (0ȃ %ȃ éˎ 55Gȃ ȃ # ȃ C#iiȃ sŨȃ G( (ȃ Dȃ ȃ  ƙ <ȃ  F ȃ # ’# ȃ C ȃ N Dȃ f/’ˎ ȃ + @1/ˎ 1"ˎ 9pÊ (0ȃ %  ȃ ˎ '0 U|[Ɋ 'Ɋ F0ȝȾ Ɋ ȃ %#²ȃ uȃ 1ˎ TVĆLȃ Nȃ 2ȃ +ˎ -+ ȃ  <(ȃ ȃ <Ƥ9+<ƺGæȃ < 9ȃ +(‘ȃ D9ȃ G9< Îȃ ȃ C ȃ NDȃ f+   ˎ &ȃ 1"¤+ˎ 1ˎ ? ģ%Ê#8Lȃ -ȃ Z  L ȃ S/Lȃ nȃ \ÀƊ +ˎ :%Ċ C5ȃ ưGGÆ0ȃ V5 ȃi GôGÆ0ȃ  ȃ ‘59b 1ȃ ȃ# ȃ WGaȃ # +ȃ + ȃ Y''ȔɊ '010 Ɋ 1Gˎ é@/1ˎ "/Ǐˎ ?QQ <ƒȃ Ncȃ Scȃ +ˎ- ȃŰ9ȃA T ǽ Sȃ W <8  < ȃ 8 ȃ < ( #  äȃ ȃ F Vȃi8ȃ # ȃ Z  Ʊȃ ȃ { ǐȃ F (ȃ C ȃ N Dȃ  +1ˎ ȃ ç@1+ˎ "   ˎ ?Lȃ A² ȃ ˎ C#1 ȃ  ȃ Oȃ (F + ũȃ ȃ "+#  ȃ  ȃ  1 #ȃ  ( 1 ȃ ȃ# ȃ%   ȃ ȃC ȃN D&ȃ f?ˎ ȃ fff@ˎ "ˎ ? TLȃ Ɗ 2ȃ  1ˎ SŹȃ O ȃ # ȃ  ȃ _9ƻ ȃ C ȃ NDȃ  f ė ˎ ȃ 1+@/ˎ éǢˎ ?  Lȃ nȃ ?ȃ ""ˎ nV # (ȃ < 1<  ȃDȃ< ȃ  ƒ ȃ {0ȃ  8mȃ ȃ +(ȃ Dȃ W +ȃ 1 p # +ȃ (# ȃ x­Ɋ ¡ ƒɊ'0 Ɋ rÂGf"¤/+ˎ "ˎ ?  ƒȃ nxȃ ?ņȃ ç"ˎ  pA ( +ȃ  b (9+ ȃ ( 8 1ȃ ȃ< ȃ #/ȃ% (ȃ rS Ɋ /Å@f ˎ "¹ˎ ?   ‚ȃ nȃ  Å Ɗ Z# ‚ȃ ȃ >² } )!cȃ ?5-36(1"C 9$C 557C Ɗôǃȃ ,.@C Dȃ /&ȃ '0 06‡Ɋ f"¾f@f/ˎ "1ˎ ? a 0ȃ Nȃ %ȃ "ˎ 6' Ȣ Ɋ Ì'ɉ '6Ɋ Ɋ Ɋ &gɊ ¢0' ƒ Ɋ { u 1ȃ ű ȃ œOÐ&ȃ %G< 9Ðȃ +1ˎ ZVȃ ·9u ȃ e  p¢ ȃ Ų cȃ % # " &ȃ N ( + Ôȃ W +cȃ yyȃ ?  ‚ȃ RÁƊ *  ² } yEcȃ 2+ ȃ 94ȃ  ȃ + 1 ȃ ²YĂɊ ĂɊ |'Ɋ Y×Ɋ [ 0Ɋ ##Ɗ y)ȃ ?G  0ȃ ȃ —  ȃ ˎ żȃ ƚTȃ  ȃ F ȃ ȃ ȃ "# ȃ + +ȃ lH Ɋ ± Ɋ & Ɋ 1¯f+@+/ˎ yŝȃ ?  Lȃ ȃ *   ² ȃ } )Ŗȃ j' <Ɋ Y'S |0 Ɋ''Ɋ Ɋ čɊƒ-Ɋ e( X Q<Gȃ ?mȃ ?O¹9<Gȃ Ɓ¹uēȃ /ˎ ?  Lȃ &ȃ *   ² +uLȃ ųȃ %ȃ } )Eȃ S’¨ +F+  (ȃ ȃ +# DŽ ȃ lH Ɋ ± Ɋ &Ɋ "Ö+f¤"ˎ    ˎ ?  Lȃ RÂƊ —  L ȃ 2+a Lȃ „ȃ >² } y)ȃ ƑĉɊ 4U× Ɋ $'Ɋ 0QɊ $Ɋ ±0Ɋ Š <VɊ ' Ɋ %(< mȃ o Fȃ n ’(ȃ ((ȃ ˎ ?GG Lȃ ȃ —  0 ȃ 2+GLȃ ?ȃ "¥ˎ ÌɊ 4'ÕɊ Ì|Ɋ Ɋ ±¥Ɋ b006'S X‡ Ɋ e( GQ# 0ȃ ?mȃ ?O/<Gȃ ‹a(Lȃ ƅÏǨ# (ȃ Dȃ AFȃ o Fȃ ǣĝˎ ?9 +50ȃ Ɗ 2Úȃ "ˎ ?ǩƛO9  G5ȃ ȃ (ȃ (l#(ȃ  (ȃ (+ (ȃ ȃ ȃ +#ȃ  dž (&ȃ C ȃ N iȃ ˎ ȃ @ + ˎ ˎ ?V0ȃ S  ȃ —  ȃ "ˎ S9ȃ A T ȃ #(#ȃ D9ȃ C# ȃ (<ȃ Ǣȃ C ȃ NDȃ f/Ŏˎ &ȃ 1@ˎ +ˎ ?V Lȃ   Ɗ ȃ "ˎ n ȃ+:/ 1ȃ  ȃ + Q ȃ iȃ +(×(< ȃ # ’# ƥ(„ȃ C ȃ N Dcȃ f/ˎ ȃ  /+¤"ˎ 1ˎ T, L ȃ ˜  0 ȃ ?Ĥ%#Lȃ -ȃ ˎ C#1ȃ D+  # (ȃ  ȃ (## ȃ Dƽ  + ȃ ȃ # ȃ o 9ȃ 2 #ȃ { vȃ ȃ h ȃ Y0ÛɊ ˜0'Ɋ 'Ħ0'DžɊ š6qɊ ú„ȃ tˎ S +( Õȃ N  ȃ S/ Lȃ ȃ 1+ę/¥ˎ ZVȃƉu•ȃ %+Ǿ   +ȃ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. Z6Ɂ O a`VU`Ɗ 30F W.6č _č ¾   čV u* #č ` č B 6 č&3č , č ; Sč H0Ič ,č * I č &Sč ` č ač ! 43F ,"Gč č ‹č č "čÇ  č! č<#yč Nč½ƊkRɊ z7 Ɋ7ljĔ-Ɋ +  !  9 ! +4F 33F A č ;  z č ' Fvč )Tč " 43 $  F 'F č č CHý]č č ,C 4804,4#)C 1C č č ñč  ?]č č ! # č 'č %-č ! 1F č ,,*1*F 34F Wč  č  č ; č ! 43.F  £ č  č č /č #č č "č »8 ?1?č <#6č  [÷č  č 'č %Ô- č &F č ! *,4F 4F WRč Jªč $ 43+F 7P$7Ɋ  Ɋ Å O<ƌɊ )hɊ r¹¹ @¹Ɋ  ɊÅȺ¤Ĥß @}$Ɋ }Ɋ $Ɋ } PɊ > {%Ɋ <Nč ,F Ão:č a >Uč č  č 4 ! F W >Rč ,č & č !43-F * č bč 1. č */č #Uč L8  č č  č -Õč  Ð ›č 6č &>č _6č ! 43 ! &  F )č Ƞs P$7Ɋ b}$}P^Ɋ J7 $7Ɋ Ɋ $Ɋ f7XÓLPñɊ oč )  č ' č J Œ[5œč č &4 *&F ÄL- /µč 3*%č )č '. č &*&F 4'F A1Ĉč' č =Oč ! 403F °PɊ) PɊ Ɋ 7 NJ{ěɊ }Ɋ  ǻ@X7Ɋ Ɋ PɊ b}~ Nj%P Ɋ *0C *:46*-C 1:64 6!*:/C 4*F Jøíč ) č ! 43*F .".č ä8 [Gč Z Dč † #čGčòč  č\č č "č C č#č -č "č ) č )č 7 Ɋu ɊJ7 $ī7Ɋ }Ɋ >¸¦% Ɋ %} Ɋ9¸Ɋ@7%hɊ Ñ č ; č  č V "Rč 11 č &&!*.F 3*%č ) č ' č " 34F 4+F J seč )  e č  >eč , č , č ! 423F #8  č  č č 5čÿ‹č č č !"č <#č  ič č  ! &- ! -*&F xɊ ƛĔ Ɋ 7 Ɋ -9&--.3F 4- F j/6č % č * č " 43)F j č .č "0č <4C #6'=.9=6,C 8;< C č J5Zd č č   č )č >^ ©$Ɋ }Ɋ $Ɋ ¤$Ɋ @7¤PÄɊ ÅPP<PɊ ǫɊ F7Ɋ ˜Ɋ ”7 Ɋ B Ɋ z ›hɊ  č % č &"  č *Nč ¿č 11 č '34* !   F *F? ?’}č Qč B:č !Lč  č 4/F ;?CE@>D %  F ! 43,F $C =6'1C ,.BC kZ5ĉ ç¤č č - č "č &č ¹8 ./č /č &č  c č 'č %Ö-č " ,3  F č ,-2*F 42F J 6č ) č j č ! 43 !  F )č  d ?óč č č č ;Gč ! b8 HIč & č 4 -Ɋ y@%Ɋ ! * 5 &2F 43F Jžč % T f č =fč ,Oč " 404F ·L8  oč#č LCččččč '"åG6č ,č B^ Ɋ  Ɋ )ÚɊ k%{-Ɋ +* ! 4229F= = <--F 44F 4  č4   č!.č&  č ! 43F aɊ 7${$7VɊ [ ûč  č &#5č ~ 558 Dč )č Q č  č !   F 4 6č ;č ! č ! 43.F ,Fč č č  č /č č 1 č č č †č "öqč č ā č 'č %- č ê "HƊ «č " ! * " 4 F !  ! F 46č¼ č !43-F &č  č  č ¥ č č č  č !č –.Ø č aß Ɋ ! 9*--.4F " &  F 4\X 6 č ĭ³Ɗ * č ! 43,F &Ìč  ‰ č #č  Xčč À>č /č ,Ā č 'č %Û č ! +3 F 1 č ! 34&+F " )  F 4cÍczč A č 9 †Ɗ 3.#  6č Ę²Ɗ V  č !43.F S Y Ɗ  č 0A46C č =‚HDč *#" č 4 Ɋ y@Ɋ ,094&F # ,F 45\X\9č S´Ɗ Ŀ ¹ ƒ Ɗ , Ič t ã ¸ ˎ&Ċ č ;č " 43&F ZɊ >  Ɋ aɊ Ɋ ‚ ~ P@ Ɋ *#¶č ÈOč Bč /č 'č , ]Fč /č č ! -  F 45 59č %č ~ č ! 43-F &F 5H#č 8 /č-.ččč-čéččč !"č Øč— ™č /č  č x ɊĤ Ɋ 9{-Ɋ ! & : * ! !&2F " .  F 4  9č _č ¬ ®|­č *č č ?č -č ČGč č  ”č č &č  č kĭ_Ɋ Ɋ ! *944 " ! & F " 2  F 4  Ÿč` { č ! 423F fɊ7$Ɋ Ɋ7{ s J<Ɋ ˜Ɋ %PP Ɋ *sUč Qč `LCč k č " 3F 4  9č    C = 14C * č ! 43- F , d č  " č č &č 4/ č 'č %- č 04F 1 Tč 4* " 4F " 4F 4 5č ;č = č ! 43-F V 1č %1"C 1C 4140*C þŒ‚Ü5îï[æ5Gč *2C č ½č  č ""/č -č1.¦.č ×Z“Tč k%RX%Ɋ %{Ɋ ( " 6,- ! &.F " ! F 9č ; č " 43&F fɊ¯^ ī$ɊΑ $Ɋ7s P$7Ɋ 9$$Ɋ B:č a >}č ,Fč QNč  č = A B  F č Į ¶ Ɗ " 43- F ALč č č 4 Dč č č :č -č "č č bč  č4 6č k“č ·ƊƜ Ɋ7nj% Ɋ ! &+7*4 "+4F ! ! &  F  -Ič , č * č ! 43.F *..Ič ôč #č č /č č =>č ńƄūrſƊśƊŧŢŀƊĤrŖÎƊ ĵƊ^ŌÏƊ ë "H Š Ɗ {č .-3F ! ! *  F .0Ič ,Oč * Sč VB Sč ! č ! 43- F %8 CH’Gčbč "CHč č /d č /č >č 1.č F#č č :č  č  č k$7Ɋ * ! -9+&4* !F ! !, F +6C = č +6C sȃ ! 43&  F%L%¸%~ @ȶɊ ‚7P_¤PɊ r$ $Ɋ ¤Ɋ k7 Ɋ 7Ɋ !"ič < č , č  č 3>č ! ! -  F #Sč 4  č "43,F W #č 5„ 5č -č "č č %#č Z #č Rč ,8 "Dč  č /č 'č %-č ! ,3 F č & 4 !*.F ! ! .F ?"fč * č !Oč !404F Áu 8  č !č č č č č H-8  č 4%ÚP 7Ɋ7{Ɋ ľkþŀɊ & 2 : & ! !-&F ! ! 2  F ?"¡č * č !  y č&#6č č ; č ! 43 !  F *č č-č 1 1ßč1ºê•.č 0Cč qč !č  1"”č kĭ_Ɋ %%Ɋ é Mċ"ā‘MƊ ! " 3  F # #č ,č ! 423F <č č č Ýč č . č 1 "C XC č 7Gȗ íɊ ²>Ɋ ! 4'8'0 *3F @*BDG7#=L #B'0#*?;?-IL 9.'94'n Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only.   ˎ A84ȃȃ 2T0ȃ _&ȃ ˎ 5/'ȃ  '¸Ɯ'ȃȃ'ȃȃ F''ȃ5 'ȃȃ 8ȃ ȃȃ 81 ¤ȃ ȃ Āȃ '«ȃ A¨ ,ȃ B^Ɋ )8Ɋ kɊ { Ò~ˎ  /ˎ A'jȃ Yȃ ccˎ  'ȃ Mȃ4 ȃ _,ȃ Tȃ Mȃ 4 ȃ /¦F ȃ 1 ȃ 5ȃ ¾Ɗ u Ɋ Ǎ śɊ ĥ  @c/ˎ  /æˎ AǪ«ȃ ç°Ɗ ccUˎ A4ȃ, 4 'ȃ ȃ ¦wȃ L O›Ɋ /Ōâ ţ Ž  Ŝ@Ž{ˎ     ˎ A'0ȃ Y&ȃ  ~ˎ v ş‹ɊB Ɋ9›8@-Ɋ ZVȃ ·/a ȃ %,6 ,ȃ    ˎ A'0ȃ æ¯Ɗ ¹ˎ aǶR8Ɋ Ɋ kRɊ >ɃLƏɊ >ćȇqɊ yć³qɊ Ɋ †%Nȃ h4&ȃ C/^ȃ ˎ  Žˎ ‰/ /4Hȃ r&ȃ S & Hȃ ȃ {ˎ L%pɊ›Ɋ v[~ ǵ8qɊ ŠaɊ >O8Ɋ ƍɊ F@[Ɋ <Ɋ > ØɊ  Ɋ _ 6ūȃ ŽFxȃ hƝȃ ¢¾b , 'ȃ ȃ ljȃ 1ȃ  Žˎ ‰'O0ȃ eȃ Aȃ  c{ˎ '61È,ȃ //ȃ §''ȃ ȃ / '4,ȃ ,/6 ȃ ,ǿ 5'&ȃ -Ɋ ÷ïƊ ûOĘɊ bɊ @-Ɋ  {@Ƿˎ  ~  ˎ h'O0ȃ e^ȃ A ^ ȃ  ccˎ ˜ ȃ ¦/ȃ M4ȃ M/ȃ O '6ȃ b 8Ɋ Ʈ Ɋ “ ŝɊ  /G @  ˎ  {ˎ h'Oİȃ d&ȃ A&ȃ cˎ SF /65ȃ /b 4O4'ȃ ȃ 4 ȃ 8 1ȃ Mȃ 4 ȃ %ȃ '55ȃ hȃ 9 Ɋ  O<çɊ ȃ xȃ _ & ȃ N6jȃ 2 ȃ Y  ȃ †jȃ S&ȃ ȃ /5 jȃ d&ȃ ˜xȃ _1 Ǒ0ȃY/& 0 ȃZ&ȃ 2ȃ /'11 0ȃY  ȃ  & ȃ e'/kȃ   & ȃ /@   œ ˎ ZVȃ ·/a±ȃ %,6,ȃ  Žc ǐ ˎ ‰'O0ȃ e& ȃ AŊ ȃ cǑˎ - ,  $%  , 1/pV1'ȃ Mȃ /ȃ 9Ɋ @-Ɋ Ž ȉ  /ÒǬˎ    ˎ h'O0ȃ eȃ A&ȃ  ¹ˎ ŵ1ȃ ȃ '4ȃ ȃ ȃ Fȃ ȃ %,, &ȃ B^Ɋ  %Ɋ  Žˎ  r  ¼¹cÒ/{ˎ " , eȃ    C     , \&ȃ c œˎ ", d8 ȃ ȃ '4#Ůȃ @-Ɋ ¹Ö-Ɋ rÂȊé@ ˎ  /ˎ Y 6øTȃ †/É0ȃ %&ȃ ~ ˎ ‰4/,,Ċȃ ȃ ȃ ,NJƇ/ȃ 2, &ȃ ‰ȃ )¬> pɊ  @ǀpqɊ &ȃ Y&ȃ % & ȃ ȃ _F 0ȃ &ȃ ƌ áUŗ   ȃ _ 6•ȃ † ,ȃ ȃ 8Ʀ4ȃ ȃ Ėȃ     ˎ Y'0ȃ Yȃ cˎ 2, ,ȃ V/a'ȃ Mȃ8¥ȃ ȃ 64 ȃ hȃ ¬> @[Ɋ )–ƫƵɊ ‘Ɋ rɊ @Ǭ%hɊ ȃ S  ȃ ^ȃ †'Hȃ &ȃ ¹Ò/ˎ d' 14Àȃ ?²ȃ ?6O¥ȃ ‹a'ȃ  Ž  ˎ Ykȃ &ȃ Yxȃ    ˎ %ȃ 5ȃ O/āȃ M/6ȃ ȃ %T1Hȃ ȃ ‰R“Ɋ Ɋ   ĥ  @Ŝˎ    ˎ Y0ȃ xȃ Y & ȃ œˎ FÖ úɊɊ ŠRɊ ‘ɊbL%Ɋ B wɊ‘@Ɋ wɊ y%‹Ɋ vL%L%Ɋ Bw~ Ƭ-Ɋ Ž Fȃ  D&ȃ O ȃ %4 /&ȃ  ~ ˎ  ˎ Y 0ȃ2 Ň ȃ?  ȃ    ˎ_  ȃ P'4ȃĊ'ȃȃ ˜, Hȃ 8Āȃ r865 F&ȃ B§-Ɋ )·Ɋ k%LɊ Ģ{@Ǥˎ  ~  ˎ \0ȃ &ȃ  cˎ ˜ ȃ /1 'ȃ Mȃ 4 ȃ   (, '%' , Ɣ@[%ǼĕɊÈ%‹·Ɋ9 Ɋ s > @[ɊɊ -Ɋ ȋ  @cˎ Z/Ɂ  {ˎ \MM60ȃ rȃ cˎ C, Ăêȃ 'ȃ ȃ l1Ăȃ ,1/¸M ,&ȃ G ůOpɊ   ¼  / “ˎ Ǘ c  ˎ \MM6«ȃ r&ȃ /ˎ Ž'ȃ ƿ, '±ȃ §/,'ȃ ȃ 8'ȃ 5,5'ȃ ȃ ȃ 'F&ȃ 4 -Ɋ y@Ɋ c¾{Ěǘˎ  ˎ \MM6ijȃ rȃ ¹ˎ ǫȃ ȃ 8'5ȃ ȃ ȃ Ġ8Ì1 ȃ 8Ǵǖġňȃ 4 ]Ɋ °™@Ɋ ȌŽ~Òˎ    ˎ \,a0ȃ ȃ c{ˎ ėXƊ u@§Ɋ Ɋ L“@“Ɋ _6 ȃ C6&ȃ A'Ğ&ȃ Nȃ %Áȃ ŽF&ȃ Z,ȃ 2ȃ ȃ Cȃ 2/,'ȃ /œˎ \,a0ȃ &ȃ /ˎ ?ȃ %O/ȃ Ž, ab 6, ȃ ȃ ' ȃ T 4 , ȃ C41ȃ b / Mȃ  ȃ # ', ȃ 8 ȃ 8'&ȃ 4Ø-Ɋ –n ȃ ĻnX±Ɗ Øĉ Ɋ ÅÒ~ˎ     ˎ \ ,a«ȃ ȃ ˎ ”ȻɊ §Ɋ ŇɊ ƎɊ kɊ ɊɊ HɊ ¢ Ɋ BppķɊ r[ qɊ )ƽɊ Ƴ çɊ BɊ B%^8Ɋ ”-Ɋ B-Ɋ zŠs <Ɋ  Ɋ û-Ɋ Ơ“<Ɋ ž4 ȃ Ƌȃ %16ȃ ȃ /1 , ȃ %, 1 Hȃ ƈxȃ | N č 2¦, ±ȃ ȃ A & ȃ †,aȃ ˎ \ǀ,a0ȃ  & ȃ     ˎ \6 aȃ /ȃ Mǁǂ ȃ h4 p8 ȃ 'ȃ , Àȃ ?4ȃ ¨ É6/,Áȃ ¦&ȃ 4-Ɋ –O-Ɋ ŠO Ɋ¬ ÞD6Ɗ  {@ˎ ˎ \4THȃ N&ȃ N  H ȃ \4 1ıȃ N&ȃ d&ȃ  ccˎ ?4¾1ȃ Ǭā4Ƨȃ M,4ǗŪȃ ȃ Ď4 ȃ b F ȃ ,'4ȃ §6IJȃ @Ɋ ÖɊ Žȍǰƾcˎ ˎ \4 1Hȃ N&ȃ /ˎ %/, 1ȃ ȃb F64Ŭȃ 4 ȃ -6Oƨȃ 'ă5'ȃ Mȃ 4 ȃ ¾F ȃ Z¾¥ ȃ '5&ȃ 7Ɗ u ɊŎ ßD6Ɗ c¯{cƽc~ˎ ¹ˎ \4 10ȃ N  H ȃ80ȃ ¢&ȃ dȃ  ˎ h6¨  "&, * ", , !'),  + '48²ȃ  6ȃ 6  '4Ď# ȃ ƭȃ ȃ ,b Ì8ȃ 488È48 &ȃ 7Ɗ uǭ Ɋ  -Ɋ /GŽ~~@ˎ {ˎ \Nj0ȃ %ȃ c{ˎ  6È8ȃ //5ȃ ȃ 5 ȃ ,/6,ȃ 5ȃ ȃ 5 ȃ “h,ȃ 8, 5,48ȃ 86'ȃ Mȃ 5 ȃ ħ_V8Òȃ Ž8O6Oȃ Hȃ ę,&ȃ 488 Ɋ Ɋ   @~ˎ cˎ \Hȃ %ȃ ˎ %/, 1 ,ȃ b F'5 14 'ȃDȃ_4ȃ h4/64ȃȃ ȃ _5ȃ A8ęȃ 8ȃ 4ȃ ', ,0ȃ /&ȃ Cȃ NM&ȃ Ėˎ &ȃ c@/ˎ ˎ \0ȃ % & 0 ȃ&ȃ ˎ >ǽĕɊ~  O Ɋ Ô8Ɋ Ɋ Ɋ > Ɋ 8ÃɊ 9@Ɋ““ȡ%{#ɊȀ ɊB# # ŜɊ †%Nȃ ‰5&ȃ C/ȃ   / ˎ ˎ \6' Hȃ % & ȃĴ ® ƊŽ & ȃ /ˎ ‰M, 'ȃ ', 'ȃ ȃ M, 'ȃ ȃ ȃ /Ì 4,4/ȃ 46ȃ Cȃ NMȃ c~Ʊˎ , ~/Ě{{ˎ  ¹/ˎ \6'  0ȃ %&ȃ 2&ȃ Ž & ȃ ˎ S4ȃ ,6Ĝ ' #, ăPȃ Pȃ  &ȃ Cȃ NƮʼnȃ Žǜˎ &ȃ   @ˎ  ǭ   ˎ îP0ȃ s  ȃ Žˎ  "%  ,  , 6Pb 164ȃ ȃ 4 ȃ Fȃ ,'4Âȃ 8p Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. 1 -++1 &E &Ý,ˎ  ˎ ƛ3Tˎ 4& Ɯˎ aˎ  ˎ D &ˎ  Ɋ G Ɋ "Gˎ7@+ˎ ü+b'ˎ p ˎ *ˎ Cˎ 7 b'ˎ D 5,0ˎ Ý ˎ š  ˎ ô%³R ˎ ˎ D ˎ D ˎ Bˎ !4ˎ bbĖˎ EEˎ 1"@+ˎ ś +   ˎ pVƓ«¬ʈÙ ?ˎ *zˎ 7 ˎŦ,Ŷˎ ˎݛ  & ˎ  Eˎ ˎ ˎ * ˎ BE›  Łʃˎ ˎ $h´ˎ *Ɋ */ Ɋ e1 Ɋ bbȎb+@11ˎ ś ǫǠˎ p¡¬T9ˎ *ˎ 7 1ˎ e<#Ɋ AČS #1³* Ɋ ^Ũ¬ăˎ $Tˎ *T ˎ M3T£— ɑ`&ˎ ^ˎ pTR&ˎ 7 Ǯ'ˎ p3šėˎkˎ 7/'ˎCˎôÎ933ˎ š  ˎˎʍˎ D ˎ M ˎ ˎ $%´”ˎ ]Ɋ • Ñ6/Ɋ /G " 7 +@bˎ 7 ++ ' ˎ p3?ˎ kˎ Bˎ 7 ˎ P ˎ D & £  ˎ ɍȄˎ 493hˎ hˎ 3Șˎ *ˎ Ï9=ˎ µE&ʞˎ 4ˎ ˎ 9 E ˎ ˎ  Ɋ G Ɋ rbƒ¯/ǁ  + ˎ 7 +1ˎ p=& T?ˎ Qˎ $ ˎ B R&ˎ Qˎ S   ˎ ˎ 7 +'ˎ l/*/Ɋ 9M /#Ɋ Ɋ  /Ɋ AS # ȞÜɊ ɊA  # ģÜ Ɋ \ ȅˎDłˎ C õˎ * ˎ B 3 ˎ $%³,h ˎ 7 + " ' ˎ Cˎ Cˎ Qˎ 7 b¥ˎ P ˎ \ˎ ˎ ˎ ÷› ùTˎ  0Gˎ 3EE0ˎ ˎ   ˎ =V3ˎ 3EE0ˎ « ˎ  « ˎ ũ«ˎ e į¸#Ɋ Q Ɋ A· *Ɋ ¯į*6VɊ  œˎ kˎ Ą5ŻɎ› «’ˎ Pˎ ɉ’ˎ EE”ˎ b 7 s 1'ˎ M¬ˎ Éhʉ»ˎ *  9ˎ 7 +  ' ˎ CE9V?ˎ*ˎ 7 "1'ˎA½e Œ[Ɋ¦Ɋ QɊ 9 MɊ /d* Ɋ MRˎ ÉhT½ˎ Sʬmˎ *X š?ˎ \ˎ ȳ3Xˎ 7 +¥ˎ C hEėˎ Qˎ ^ˎ 7 ""'ˎ —35ˎ a ˎ ĵˎ 0  ?ˎ 3hˎ  hˎ ˎ,3 GˎBE9 ˎ 5=9& ˎ ˎ ˎ 3&0ˎ  ˎ ahˎ ĵˎ  ,ˎ 4ˎ ,ù93 3ˎ 9ˎ ĵˎ MRˎ ^ù æˎ Bˎ !4Uˎ b"Ĕˎ EEUˎ " 7 ƿ +bˎ 7 1/ˎ C Eˎ Q  ˎ ^ˎ 7 b'ˎ D Eúˎ &ôE &ˎ a 3hˎ X0ˎ — ˎ  ˎ D =9ˎ Ý ˎ  ˎ E3 &ˎ ˎ 9ˎ Eššõ±ˎ &ô&49ˎ ŧˎ A/Ɋ 9œ ʂˎ ˎ 3EʎȲˎ l/¨ Ɋ )Œ# Ɋ &* Ɋ 1G++@ b"ˎ 7 11'ˎ C  ˎ Sˎ Mˎ 7 "1'ˎ *ˎ 3,9ˎ š& ˎ š3%=0ˎ 9ˎ  ˎ $ù=9ˎ * ˎ EÕƊ u/ Ɋ */ ]Ɋ r 7 ƒ » 7sþbˎ 71"ˎ C  «?ˎ Sˎ 7 /ˎî ˎD« Vˎ* ¯ˎ 3,0ˎ¬9 3 ˎ9ˎ \ˎ v/Ɋ e 6Ɋ QɊ /Ɋ 6/Ɋ QɊ • VɊ  ˎ Pˎ ^ ʁ ˎ † Z ˎ ;3 0ˎ EEˎ b1"@ˎ MRˎ S=Şˎ Éˎ ů&uˎ $ˎ ˎ Sˎ Mˎ 7  7 ' ˎDEE£&ˎ 7 1 ' ˎ Ī X5¡ˎ a ˎ ˎ h ˎ D ˎ aˎ $ƈƐˎ  Ɋ &ÍɊ* Ɋ 9LJ Ɋ "1½""¤7 bbˎ 7 1 ' ˎ C  őˎ Sˎ Mæˎ 7 ”ˎ * ˎ =3ˎ 0  ˎ  ˎ ˎ =E  ˎ 4ˎ EVŒ &h9ˎ  3h,0ˎ v/* Ɋ eM  Ɋ ǝ+r 7 ƒ ţ 7¤1ˎ 7 "/ˎ C  ˎ S   ˎ B &?ˎ *ˎ ;ˎ 7  7 ' ˎZɊ v* 6ƸɊ /Ɋ / Ɋ)Œ Ɋ  åɊ v  Ɋ •ÂɊ 9Œ[##/*Ɋ <Ɋ)/#M*ó Ɋ ;ijµ&Gˎ $ˎ MÎ ?ˎ EEˎ /7@b"'ˎ d303&Gˎ › 3ˎ $& IJ&ˎ ˎ C9 ˎ 7 1 7 ' ˎ C E?ˎ Qˎ ^ˎ 7 +'ˎ kRšˎ ˎ  5ˎ aˎ E¬ˎ Żˎ ˎ 0ˎ MƐˎ * V9«ˎ V &ˎ ˎ Bˎ !aˎ "ˎ EEˎ b7Dž"ˎ 7 1b ” ˎ C=IJˎ Q ” ˎ 7"”ˎ Ĭ%  0¦ˎ  › E ʗ ˎ ˎ Eˎ ˎˎ E3ˎ ˎk39ˎ ˎ $hɠ ˎ   &=œˎ l/¨ Ɋ )Œ# Ɋ &* Ɋ r 7 ""ƒȏ1 7 ¤ 7 /ˎ 7 1 ' ˎ C=ɖˎ Q   ˎk39ˎ ;ˎ 7 "1ˎ ˎ Xʀ›  ˎE & ®h&ˎˎ ˎ`ˎ ˎ Bˎ$ ʪˎ ˎ DŽưˎ k39ˎ l/¨ Ɋ )M# Ɋ &* Ɋ  7 r 7 "+ƒG  7 @ 7 b"ˎ 7 1ˎ C=ijÑˎ Q  ¸ ˎ k39¸ˎ ;ˎ 'ˎ # ƅɊ ů&=ˎ Mˎ *3 ® ˎ ˎ ;IJµ9ˎ 7 " 7 ' ˎ C ?ˎ S  ? ˎ &ĸ ˎ *  ? ˎ §ùŁ0ˎ ˎ k  ˎ 7 b'ˎ MRˎ EhšEõ=ɗšˎ   ˎ ;³ ˎ  3,0Gˎ  93ˎaˎ,& 9,ˎEEˎ ˎ C ˎ M,5ˎ % łˎ $ˎ  Ɋ G Ɋ "Ō 7 ƒÖ@/ˎ  "b  ˎ ćò«?ˎ Pˎ þˎ $ òÏˎ 0&ˎ aˎ $ 9E&ˎ 9 ˎa9 ˎaˎĪÌˎ Ĭ9 &ɏŋ ˎ \ˎ / Ɋu Ɋ6Ǩ*M Œ/ɊɊe/S ¦ Ɋ Ɋ9 ŒɊ/*VɊ ò ˎ kˎ $ˎ QV ?ˎ EEˎ 7 ¤ˎ §*!ˎ \ ˎ Bhˎ 7 ˎ "œˎ C5`?ˎ ĩˎ Cˎ 7  7  ˎ*5 ,0ˎš3 ˎ 4ˎ  ˎ !9ˎ dh  ˎ ¢  Ɋ */ Ɋ 7 rbƒ ˎ/Ěb/ˎ 7 "'ˎ C3 Xhˎ Cˎ dˎ Ś ""¥ˎ µ=9ˎ ˎˎP Eˎ* &ô3ˎ ˎD ñ=&ˎršˌ hˎ !âȗˎ 94 ˎ ˎˎBúˎD Eʘˎ &gS 1Ɋ A*Ɋ  + ¾ 7ǀˎ  "+  ˎ C3 X5h?ˎ Cˎ d  ˎ  "¥ˎ *ˎ ˎ ˎ E9&ǯˎ ˎ  ˎ\Tˎ\ˎÆɊF [/Ɋ <Ɋ Ɋ eM ŒɊ  hɊ  ˎ !ˎ ;ˎ EEˎ 7 / 7@'ˎC9 ½ˎȸõ=Óˎȱæˎ;0Îˎ ˎȵˎ ;hˎ 7 "1'ˎ C3 ±hh?ˎ Cˎ dˎ 7  7 ' ˎGM/ 6ÑɊ /Ɋ ǖɊ/*Ɋ  Ɋ C& Ɉ½ˎ  &Ł9ˎ ;9› Ȩˎ §ˎ 7 ""  ˎ C3 Xˎ Cˎ dˎ 7  7 ' ˎZɊGM/ 6ÑɊ e  Ɋ e*Ɋ 9 * Ɋ b ˎ  ˎ C9 Gˎ  &&ˎ $\B*ˎ 7"'ˎ C3 X?ˎ C  ? ˎ d¡ñɘƓ?ˎ  9 ‡ Ɗ C&ˎ §æˎ 7 "1Ãˎ*ˎ ˎ ˎ43õ®ˎ ˎ &› ˎ & ƀķ3&ˎ ˎ D =ɡ ˎ •¨/#6S * /#Ɋ /Ɋ e1 Ɋ & Ŭ Ɋ C& Gˎ ;3ˎ Mˎ * VE ˎ *3 ˎ 7 "ˎ C0 ˎ Pˎ ˎ 7 /'ˎ ŽM/ Ɋ e¨/ƆɊ  <Ɋ )Ɋ Ɋ /Ɋ  /# Ɋ MRˎ ÉÎÌŢˎ *  &ˎ 7 /ˎ C0 ?ˎ Pˎ Ƞˎ 7  7 ' ˎȼˎ  E › ƈ&0ˎ 9ˎ ˎ * ˎ \ˎ &ȴ ‹#Ɋ QɊ /Ɋ 7 1+ ' ˎ C=ijˎ Q  ? ˎ k3&?ˎ ;   ˎ ^ 5?ˎ Ĭ ­ Ɗ 7 'ˎ PV  0Gˎ &=ˎ E5ʙ£ Q3T?ˎ E E  ˎ bb7@ 7 ' ˎ D,V0ăˎ *   ˎ *ˎ ċ9=ˎ D,0ˎ 1 # Ɋ ǎ/Ɋ e / * /#Ɋ  1 ȕ6*#Ɋ   ½)/# /* VɊ  ˎ >² ;hˎ eM*ɂ6 Ɋ A/#1³* Ɋ /Ɋ #Ɋ  č#Ɋ e # Ɋ C9 Ģˎ ũ ˎ Ŧʶ3 ˎ $hēˎ A#ƇɊ l/6  Ɋ•/* ɊɊ*/ S 6‡VɊ  ˎ $ˎ V«9ˎ ˎ kˎ pőˎ $ˎ d  ˎ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. (*-/%1 *'!'01 ;0);5) n     ˎ g0# ˎPZˎą ˎd>ˎ!  > ˎdR((>ˎ*.ˎ ȩ   ˎS ,ʯ>ˎ ! . ˎ ×.ˎ • ˎ ¿ L,ƒˎŴˎ ȡ(ÊʫĽ³ˎ x‘>ˎ OĽà.ˎ r*,*Ɋ Ţˎ 1“1"ˎ    ˎ g0>ˎ $.ˎ ī¬Ɗ "ˎȽą ˎ Ï(ˎ ˎ #(ˎ $.ˎ &R1Ɋ Ɋ  1 +“ /ˎ  ˎ ;#p·>ˎ †  ˎ •ˎ *#(ˎ 4%³(%>ˎ X %lˎ  ˎ 4#»ˎ,%(ˎRˎ ˎ ((ˎ Rˎ ˎ L Ɖˎ $%ˎ <ˎ !4.ˎ •   ˎ.ˎ "“ˎ ǙĜˎ ;#¸ˎ $zˎ ""Ôˎ v[Ǵ #Ɋ Ɋ FÓ# ÓɊ : Ɗ g Āˎ ȣ(ˎ M#Zˎ x(ˎ  +  ˎ ;#%’ˎ $.ˎ ˎ FK# KɊ  ɊºƈɊ =F <# %&ð.ˎ g āˎ _ (&ˎ p%Tlˎ  1ˎ ;#T0ˎ Zˎ tˎ ˎ ˜ ˎ N ˎĦlƔ ·ˎ ˎ =R ˎ 4ªˎ ( ˎ ;# ˎ ]0ˎ <ˎ !4ˎ ˎ ˎ @  ˎ  "  ˎ N#T‚ơˎ  ˎ†  ˎ 1ˎgˎ##ƀķ #ˎ¿  ˎ ˎ 4&ˎ ˎS&`(ˎ; ˎ lH Ɋ )#Ɋ &Ɋ " "@ ˎ    ˎ N#Tƒ>ˎ .ˎ † . > ˎ Ħ(©,>ˎ .ˎ  ˎ ;# ˎ ªÜˎ ŵ%³ªˎ( ˎO0%ª ˎ ŵˎ( ˎ N.ˎ <ˎ !4ěˎ 1"ˎ .ˎ “   ˎ  ˎ ;#T0ˎ  . ˎ † Z e ˎ p0 0 0ˎ * . ˎ N . ˎ  ˎ ÷(#(ˎ  ˎ Šˎ L,`I (lˎˎ( ˎx l ˎ %Zˎ ‰R1ɊɊ   Ŕ   Ǩ ˎ Ġ /Ôˎ N#í© ōˎ !zˎ <zˎ Ġ ""Ğˎ P ˎ Š,ÙÚ,ˎ 4ˎ,L&#ŃLˎ ˎ #(Lˎ $àˎ <ˎ !4Zˎ ">ˎ .ˎ "•@/ˎ    U ˎ ;#M ­ˎ !Uˎ < U  ˎ xÌ¢ˎ *Uˎ d U ­ ˎ g I X>ˎ ć.ˎ d . > ˎ ]¸ˎ !.ˎ p Z > ˎ íT› PÏ>ˎ *.ˎ     ˎ K# ÙɊ QɊ Ɋ < Ɋ 4#KqɊ VɊ ĨćƊ jšHK #Ɋ  Ɋ Y  6<Ɋ *ˎ *X%Gˎ ž=ˎ ;# ɧˎ$ˎ ˎ N#í ˎ !.ˎ < . e ˎ ]©Leˎ ! . ˎ p >ˎ íI ÌŒPł%>ˎ * . > ˎ $ ,ˎ xZˎ †.ˎ  /ˎ dKĩ ģÜɊ QɊ Ɋ< Ɋ 4ĩKVɊ dɊ bbbƉɊ & £KɊ ǩǗ£#îɊ *ˎ *LŠLëˎ ž=ˎ ;# ,ˎ $ˎ    ˎ ;>ˎ ;Zˎ *.ˎ ˎ P ˎ $# #ˎ ##(ˎ 4ˎ ( ˎ x ˎ ]0ˎ $LàZˎ <ˎ !4Zˎ    > ˎ ˎ “/ˎ ˎ Nˎ ;.ˎ *ˎ 1ˎ g(ˎ $ #ˎ (#l,ˎ (ˎ x Ëˎ ˎ ( ˎ x#ˎ ]0ˎ $LēĢˎ LA AL0ˎ LLŃZˎ <ˎ !Ŵˎ   +  ˎ    ˎ  @ˎ  •  ˎ ;%#Ƣˎ t U ¢ ˎ ;(’ˎ ! U ¢ ˎ !(R%³RT¢ˎ ;ˎ 1ˎ *%l(#(ˎ \#ˎ ˎ x%%ˎ *`>ˎ =ʊˎ ˎ ɦ(.ˎ lHɊ )#Ɋ & Ɋ "Ȑ  •@ˎ  1ˎ ;(>ˎ N&ȃ "1ˎ O% l(%lˎ0ˎ #,Ķˎ  ˎ ɒˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ t”ˎ lHɊ )#Ɋ &Ɋ   "“/ˎ  ġˎ N(ˎ !Zˎ "Ǵˎ P ˎ #(ˎ  ˎ #I ɨl#ˎ #(µ(ˎ 4ˎ ( ˎ ;(ˎ ]0ˎ %&,ˎ ( ˎ  (l=ˎ $%& ˎ \ˎ  HÞ Ï#Ɋ KɊ ÏɊÏ¥ 6<ņɊ  .ˎ À  ˎC jR >ˎ ˎ /"@•  ˎ P ˎ S,ëˎ ;(ˎ $XƊ LƊˎ ˎ ;(ˎ ! œ e ˎ  .ˎ  "ˎ'G 6ɄɊ'ō 1 ƊɊ bH#K6K #ɊG ˆ6K#Ɋ Ɋ  Ɋ ºɊ ąKû:Ɗ g ŝˎ ¿ʑ(ˎ $0##®ˎ x%&(ˎ    ˎ ;(­ˎ !Uˎ 1Uˎ Ūˎ 4% #ɰĻˎ Ŋ 4ˎ ˎ ð®ǒ,ˎˎˎ$%´ˎ 4 Ɋ yKɊ 1 "Ŕ + ˎ //ˎ ;(>ˎ !   ˎPLl>ˎ <Zˎ * . > ˎ×,>ˎ S Z ˎS z ˎ †% >ˎ   .  ˎ 1ˎ  Ɋ '* 6<úɊ 1#Ɋ KɊ ) ȟıɊ ¥QɊ Y ǪǘǙ  Ɋ H# Ɋ gˎ *,ëˎ žg*ˎ ‰(ˎ *#  . ˎ N,%ˎ ČČ]\\ˎ / Ğ ˎ ;(¸ˎ ! z Ñ ˎ ĭlªÑˎ ”ȃ ǚ 1Ôˎ OĽI %=#l‹ˎ 0ˎ %³ #l‹ˎ Üˎ (lªˎ  (.ˎ ‰ˎK K ɊY  Ɋ  Ɋ 'ƋɊ 4 Ɋ <Ɋ d#1KH#VɊ ˎ "“ "ˎ g ¦ˎ —;\×M\*<ˎ /ˎ N(`R>ˎ PZˎ "ˎ P ˎ 4ª(l=ˎ l(ˎ 4ˎ gˎ – ¢ˎ $»ˎ %# (#(ˎ  ˎ # ,0ˎ  Ɋ KGɊ ¯1+@ "ˎ /ˎ ;#×Rˎdˎ ˎ\=ƌl,#ˎˎˎ ##ˎ Jˎ ć#¸ˎ ¿#Zˎ ”Ɋ ĵ G Ɋ  Ɋ  ȑ  @•ˎ  Ɗ N eˎ ąZˎ ˎ *ˎ LL ˎ ˎ ( ˎ # ,0ˎ 4ˎ( ˎ x # „<ˎ ]0ˎ ˎ ( ˎ ( Lˎ ,  ˎ 4ˎ $.ˎ <ˎ !4zˎ ˎ Zˎ  “• ˎ /+ˎ ;ËŹˎ Č>ˎ P  > ˎ PŎˎ †ˎ ¿ˎ "ˎ A£#Ɋ ĀɊ A Ɋ Yȹȥ#Ɋ <Ɋ &£ĝ1 S K#(Ɋ gl »ˎ ž=ˎ M#ˎ N0%ˎ ˎ <ˎ N#ˎ /1Uˎ ;·eˎ QUˎ "1ˎ  ĪȩɊ rĪ< Ɋ  Ɋ 9 ĒıɊ ĒɊKɊŸɊdɊ#Ɋ Ɋ)Kdd 'Ɋ QɊFK# ÙɊ KɊ ɊbɊ Š <hɊ óJ> JK>ÇƊ §Á0Gˎ žˎ=Zˎ xl4Zˎ $%ˎ /"ˎ ;`ˎ Q  ˎ ""ˎ vɊ  6<Ɋ QɊ KɊɊ ɊɊ ¢ '‹Ɋ ˜Ɋ)šɊ ²  Ɋ j%T0»ˎ !ˎ Ħˎ gRˎ Nˎ *Ɣ ( %³   ˎ žl=ˎ x4U ƣˎ §%ÌÜ0ˎ /ˎ Nˎ d.ˎ ˎ Qˎ à(>ˎ  ˎ ŋ ˎ L Öˎ  ˎ #ˎ #(lˎ (ˎ x =Zˎ <ˎ !4.ˎ +ˎ .ˎ “"ˎ /ˎ ; >ˎ pˎ Ūˎ     ˎP ˎ # ,0ˎ 4ˎ ;#=ˎ ˎ×L0ˎ SL`ˎ (ˎˎ( ˎ ]0ˎ 4ˎ ·#ˎ $%Zˎ 4## 'Ɋ '*Ɋ ˎ   /  ˎ ; ˎ p.ˎ gZˎ 1Uˎ _0ˎ P #Ŋ ( ˎ ŠʥLˎ 4L ˎ ¿¡#>ˎ $à ˎ KS ³ 6 Ɋ  K Ɋ Ȓ  "“"ˎ    U ˎ ;%¢ˎ tUˎ Uˎ   ˎ #„#ª#ˎ %,`(l»ˎ #(ˎ (ˎ4Ɨ ˎ;# ˎ ¿ ˎ ]0>ˎ $àˎ &R1Ɋ Ɋ  Ö   •@ˎ   ˎ ;%  ˎ ˎ gˎ "ˎ ƘȤ, Ü ˎ È#ˎ # (# ˎ ˎ ǂ  X ”ˎ &R1Ɋ Ɋ 1 1+@ˎ     ˎ N>ˎ À.ˎ ġġˎĄ¶#u#©ˎˎćˎ <lˎ ˎ <ˎ §ɱZˎ rɊ dGˆŨɊ  ȓ"ǃˎ  ø<Ɗ NLJ>ˎ ÀZˎ "ˎ $L##ɯÞˎ *LI ÍÞ,#ˎ ˎ P#Š Š.ˎ <ˎ !4.ˎ   > ˎ ˎ @1ˎ   •  ˎ ;ɁeˎQ Z ˎˎ¿%ñª#ˎO#ªˎ 1 .**1 ȃ --,Ŷ)ˎ ˎ -ˎ ǔǐǷǟȂȊƹɊ 4ĶɊ ZÒɊ . AK6883a 0 . ;Va 2-. ˎ ‡ ȃ . A=@&a - *ȃ Ɩ *1ȃ  3 mˎ -4ˎ * )ˎ ň2),ˎ \ Ɋ õîƊ Y6ĘɊ a Ɋ Ɋ 6 K . A0Aa 0 . =(a ;-VV9eˎ ‡ȃ . A@ . & a -*P1ƪȃ ȃ -%,) `) ‹ˎ )ˎ ˎ ) )) ƌ-ˎ ˎ=ɲ=%ˎˎ)ˎ %%)ˎ <ˎ!aˎ . =) a ˎ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. 3 0==8a 0 . @ ( a ;- ˎ Dˎ . A@0(a P2ˎ a%)(Vē(3%ˎ -4ˎ WP[ȃǰ.ȃ Pȃ5:*ȃ*/$Kȃ*P5"fȃ 1ƴb ) ˎ \ˎ fNɊbLɊ Ɋ©NɊ9NhɊ  ˎ 2² %ȃ D- %ˎ !ˎ ³ȃ !-) -ˎ kˎ Q ã ˎ d/€ 0ȃ  . 93= . & aµ*Vȃ·"[ ȃ %*6b ,ȃ 0 . A a 2.JÁȃ e4 1Ɗ - 6đĭȃ ¡ȃ . A@:(a FURI .\Ɋ XÂɊ Ɋ a\Ɋ iȲȼɊ  Ɋ ȱɊ FN  Ɋ ŠŦȃ - 6*Jȃ Pȃ A$ JPȃ Š€ȃ 11)&a ;-mˎ 2ȃ Çˎ . A@3&a $) (ʦˎ-aˎ I (ˎ ) ˎ =)( -ˎ ȃ 5:*ȃ  ǣȃ ȃ 2 *ȃ =)0ˎ WȃNɊ9N NNȁɊ NȣVɊ  ˎ Çˎ ðȃ ]-,(ˎ !ˎ C= 2)ˎ ȃ 60360&a %O$l$*"l$*çȃ oPKȃ µȃ  ;ú -ˎ $%ˎ 00 / & a 2-  0 ȃ 2Ńȃ Çˎ . A@ 3  a *#.ȃ * )ˎ KfT5Pȃ WPȃ LǝɊ ƭµɊ Ġs ÒVɊ  ˎ ´ȃ Qãˎ ´*PPP1JĮȃ ȃ . =A03A(a <)ȃ %) -ǹˎ ľ )ˎ 000(a 2J**0ȃ 2ȃ nˎ . A@3(a - *ȃ 1ȃ ȃ )mˎ R%ˎ X( %āˎ ),%) )ˎ -)ˎ ) ˎ ((- ˎ ɊX ŐɊ @86M==3AAa 003 (a ;-0ˎ ;  ˎ n   ˎ ¡0ȃ pz ĕˎ  ˎ . A@0(a >µ%Ɋ >µ%űɊ ´%Ɋ üÚĠɊ ēőży«Ɗ % řO ƃ I ƅ3%ƅ3¼ˎ ž =ˎ Zȃ ;İňˎ $%Ȕˎ<)()ˎİ¼ˎ <2ˎ %6ȃ !ˎ öªƊ 2$ĄHȃ n  ˎ . A=A(a ÃǶK*Jȃ *Pȃ $3)%)ˎ$3-ãˎ<ˎ!4ˎ . A@a ˎ . @ 3A=a 008 &a 2$ąžȃ nˎ . A@8&a *  Ż  ) -„-)(ˎ "*fǺ 5J Jȃ ˎ (2ˎ C$#:“*€"fȃ * Gˎ a- ˎ  %(ˎ -ˎ %(ˎ-   )% (mˎ \ˎƐ N%Ɋ j 6†Ɋ  Ɋ>H ©ÃɊɊ 00=(a 00@&a 00A%a \ %  ) ˎ $% - ˎ  (ˎ ˎ —)I 556Oȃ ‰%RXɊ A%Ɋ . @O6A;0a 030&a M ˎ <ˎ %ȃ . A@ 3 ( a ïšf*ȃ ȃ Ʋ#ȃ ˎ Wğȃ 1"$5$.ȃ V"[Jȃ *ȃ D3ʼ-ˎ &RXɊ LɊ 0)K . ;3@0a 033(a Z$Ǖ*Ę0ȃ *ˎ . A@;'a $ -, 4-ˎ ˎ$´ˎ +F KJwȃ Żȃ AOéȃ S5|fȃ ‡#»ƫƹƗ ˜øȃ 036'a —X ˎ Wȃ . A@ 3 & a D3-ˎ )Í3-‹, -ˎ 0ˎ  -2 (‹%9-ˎ ž)ˎ  %- 3 ‹ˎX X -,I Ȉ4)ˎ BH Ɋ  %Ɋ . 0K663=6a 04:&a ƀ|5ûû0ȃ Dˎ !   ˎ 2J**ªȃ 2ȃ × . > ˎ ì*b )Ĕˎ !ˎ *ˎ . A@0(a –m %)3 ˎ, 9,ˎ )(ˎ -4ˎ 2ˎ D2Ù 3ˎ 2Ù) )„;-2ˎ WP#*.K*ȃ fȃ êɊ GɊ 6@2Oa 3=8@Aa 03;&a ‹JOÎ0ȃ %ȃ »Ɗ . A==(a C#.P*Jªȃ 6*"b ) ˎ ) ˎ - 2%ˎ 4) mˎ ()¦ˎ --, )ˎ ( ) ˎ -4ˎ )%9ˎ%-3%ˎ3(  ʽ)ƕ ĕĺ€:*ȃ *|dzKȃ J*ȃ ŸPȃ ¡Ɋ ưµĢİɊ 4. JɊ Ɋ N J†hɊ  ˎ Cˎ !ˎ zǻ 4-ľ ˎ ȃ . 8 =0)8a Z*Vȃ Ⱥ-%TÅˎ*)  ˂ ,ȃ 03=(a —)ˎ$ˎ $ˎ . A>@(a $) Ë)  )%mˎ* )ˎ %2  -0Ǻˎ (2ˎ ;-2ˎ ])mˎ = ˎ Wȃj †Ɋ)ɊɊNɊQɊɊ>.S A%LēǠLɊ ANXNǞ^NVɊ  ˎ %ȃ Šȃ j0)ˎ Ç -(-Şˎ —)ˎ $)ˎ = F Qİ ˎ *ʒƕ 2%-- Ƥ ˎ ž =ˎ *X )ˎ GL5Ɗ ¹|**J0ȃ ȃ . A@;&a ęZƊP*“ 6Ƣŧȃ 3ˎ 3=-ˎ ) %‹ˎ ˎ (%)  -ˎ *ȃ ȃ -Oȃ *ȃ Š$.»ȃ 4 Ɋ ZɊ 66K=0)a 03A'a $)%-ƥˎ †ˎ !ˎ . A>@&a Çħˎ - đ-ˎ 2 I %)´ -ˎ ˎP3) )%)ȕˎ))ˎ)3 3I (-ˎȃ %=-% -ˎ WȃǏɊ†Ɋf[%dzɊ (Ň Ɗ b #X ĢİɊ A#XHNɊ Ɋ %Ɋ bĀɊ >J#Ɋ A%Ɋ  Ɋ FɊ 2J$Hȃ W  ȃ C 6Hȃ ‡ȃ 2||Jkȃ ȃ . )3)a -[–ȃ oKȃ P-Ì0-ˎ $%ˎ 2$"|Hȃ tZˎ ]ˎ . A=@(a ŠJȃf*"Jȃ*fȃ WP[Ǝèȃ 2) )ˎ3)ˎ2 (-9)ˎȃ )%Í$- -1»)ˎ ˎĉ-I fĻJ$$ȃ ơȃɊ ƞ#VɊ A NɊ yƊ Aę~ ÃɊ FNÔNɊ ɊxJNɊ4 NɊ W 0 ȃȃ 6 . 803&a C )Gˎ ž =ˎ 5¤ȃ *ȃ *"Dzȃ 2$||0ȃ C§Ɗ  0ȃ 2..JHȃ ‡ȃ . A=;(a ¡J5ȃ -%)ˎ €"#0ȃ 6J#"šȃ "*"Jįȃ ) ˎ )%2)--,0ˎ ȃ :ˎ * ˎ z Ɋ  Ɋ =3O2;A=Aa Z*€ *"0ȃ $ˎ kˎ . A@6a P2ˎ 61*6*Ǔ#ȃ -4ˎf5*ȃ %*ƏPȃ ."1( -Pȃ JJ€*6>ȃ ȃ 5:*ȃ µ"5:ȃ ‡J€ȃ -4ˎ *.$ ȃ Ɋ G Ɋ 6AL01>86a M(2mĔˎ $ˎ ´ w ž ȃ Q  ŏ) Pˎ Q”ˎ .A@;!a ¡$#ȃPȃ$Oȃ #*#$"*ȃ Pȃš *ȃoĚ *ȃ ðǔȃ *0ȃ ĕ *Îȃ $*"$ ˎ <ɓˎ !4Uˎ 3 . 8  a ^^"a @8A>a ::;;;&a Š6çȃ Ã5"ȃ ŠJšȃ 06)(a $)%-ˎ ´ȃ !   ˎ;) -ˎ !ˎ . A= @  a *()I Ƙ#-Jȃ "* J¸Jȃ ˎ ˎ ;)()-ˎ $´Gˎ a- ˎ .*6"ȃ ³ȃ \Ɋ †Ɋ ă%ÔɊ N ɊbƢbɊ>6NɊ N ɊF[NɊ†Ɋ >. ġɊ  %őɊ  Ⱦˎ !ȿˎ 2 #- hɊ WWkȃ ɀˎ 86*+8 8a C )Gˎ n -%)ˎ C)- )0ˎ 06 . ( a 5ǚ$ùù0ȃ !  e ˎ -*f0ȃ !   ˎ zKLȃ ¡ „ȃ . A@ 3 ' a $& (--, )ˎ  3 ˎ -4ˎ-%-˃ Ėf. .Ŏf Ɗ Q.qŦ *q*-wũƁ‚Ɗ  ˎ ï  ȃ 00;&a 03)(a M )Ʀˎ ˎ ū   ˎQ  n  ˎÇ   ˎ2-  0 ȃ;  ˎ n   ˎ $-`-%Ì ˎ <   ˎ $-`-%T ˎ -  ª ȃ  I )ˎ !ˎ . A=A&a TZƊ µ Š- Ka 2ˎ)()(-2 ˎ ŷ-- ,ˎ -4ˎ -) )ˎ $%3ˎ Ğ* (Ɗ )0Ŵ ȃ & Ɋ FÒ Ɋ 4 Ɋ 8)>N6 . 6 P a 8)@K6 .)a 03 . & a M ˎ <  ˎ %  ȃ . A@ .  a $3 ) )%)½ˎ )ˎ C) ˎ   %Ɋ Q0 w0ŪƊ ď-(-Ɗ ħ€Ɗ  ˎ !  ˎ ;)ʲ-ˎ tt©Ɗ  (ˎ -aˎ %„– ) ˎ $3= )ˎ -I $fšJȃ >.ȉɊX Ɋ 063K3A3A6a 060(a $ .- 0 ȃ Pˎ Dˎ . A@3(a P2ˎ 2  -&)ˎ u- (ˎ-4ˎ)ˎ-) )ˎ * )ˎ - )ˎ 4- )(Ù-ˎȃ‡*Pš"ȃ $3ˎ ;))*+8))a  <ˎ !4ˎ 3 . 6 a ȃ 0 .5>a 063"a $)( %-ŏˎ -„ȃ DUˎ . A@8&a $)&2 &) & Gˎ  %*Pȃ"f*ȃ $*"ȃ Wȃ %3ˎ <ˎ TXZ(a . 8;a ˎ . :B=8a 066!a $) %-Ƨˎ Pdžˎ DUˎ . A@8! a nú- )( -ˎ ) ˎ )*./&1 *'"'01    1 8JˎvøĹF ˎ ˎF ˎ8ˎF:ˎ> $7wɊ + »   ôÀ+èIũɊ Iž(Ɋ O::i ˎ ¨ˎ xˎ  2ž(Ɋ ˜ɫˎ –8ˎ gˎ 6ˎ ! 8ˎ ]J0ˎ $53ˎ <ˎ !vˎ "Ɋ ˎ +=?Ɋ I?(Ɋ O::5ˎ ˜ˎ D   ˎ ;8D5: 0ˎ t.ˎ $ .  ˎ Qˎ !  ˎ*ˎ  2T(Ɋ O: ˎ  ˎ: ˎgÛˎ ]J0ˎ Oiˎ 6iɵlj|ˎ : ˎ n50ˎ I FøĹ6Fˎ$5 6Zˎ &R1ɊAɊ 5÷?D€ 2Ɋ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. I" Ɋ OJˎ *ˎ ¨5ˎ <ˎ 2?(Ɋ ¨ ˎ 8FF8ˎ YLɁ :oJ0ˎ D¾ˎ 8 :ˎ ˎ ƙ–06I J 8ˎ ı8:ˎ ďˎ : ˎ D ƍˎ D 8 ˎ ‰I :ʮJJ0ˎ DJƚ.ˎ (Ɋ  (Ɋ I"ŵ2ž ň?2Ɋ ? D  Ɋ $`5Tˎ <ˎ d   ˎOáiT ˎ ¨ˎ °ˎ "Ɋ *:ˎ <Jo550Ăˎ ˎ Oo ˎ 8FJˎ 5I 8 8ˎ Fˎ  (Ɋ ® OɊ )Ɋ I2tɊ TT"="+Ɋ ?(Ɋ $áiT ˎ <.ˎ °   ˎO`5T ˎ ˜ˎ °ˎ  2?(Ɋ !8Fˎú8oFˎ:ˎ$ ˎ6ˎJˎCȪI „;¶Tˎ ˎ 8 Ƒˎ ‰ Fˎ 6ˎ  :ˎ ˎ $ˎ x Ɋ u nɊ (Ɋ  TöT2=  I5Ɋ ?T(Ɋ $áiT ˎ ˜ˎ °  ˎ D "(Ɋ ¨Ĵˎ gˎ *o ˎ   iˎ 8H F8ˎ v8:iˎ ˎ i :i 8ˎ *6ˎ 8Fˎ 8 |ˎ z  nɊ Ɇ  (Ɋ ® OɊ ).8(Ɋ I2ö D  =T"Ɋ ?I Ɋ $`5Tˎ ˜ˎ °ˎ D25Ɋ ¨ ˎ ni0ˎ –} I   ˎ F  ˎ vˎ O58ˎ :¶:.ˎ O<Ɋ TõšŢ"Ɋ I2(Ɋ $ˎ *ˎ Dˎ "?Ɋ Ąo } Fˎ €ˎ ǁȄ ê 2Ĺ¿¼Ų D ¿ ť=T¿Ɋ I(Ɋ $Jˎ *ˎ D ä ˎ D2T(Ɋ –8ˎ 6Jˎ Cˎ o :€¾ˎ F ˎ M8„–ˎ88F ˎ <ˎ !vˎ T  I  Ɋ ˎ 2=    Ɋ +5Ɋ OˎQˎ; . ˎ D "2Ɋ O: XF0ˎ ˎ ¬:ʧˎ <F ˎ * 5 8şˎ 5|ˎ6ˎ X ˎ ‰ˎ &.Ɋ  nɊ 9.8Ɋ ˜Ɋ ¯$0Ð0$%›VɊ €ˎ !  ˎ ‰ˎ ȝʣ€ ˎ ˎ À2= I  ?  Ɋ *ˎ*5Xģˎ *F 5J . ˎ$ˎ ;œˎ *F    ˎċ oäˎ ;8 |ˎ ]Jˎ ?"Ɋ +  ( Ɋ O5JJˎ Țˎ ;  ˎ "2Ɋ ni0ˎ o :ˎ vˎ `ˎ X:¬ˎ ;  8ˎ €ˎ <: ˎ *ʏ5 8.ˎ ¸Ɗ Ư$R%7 Ɋ $¦ğ0 Ɋ 9 (Ɋ à ŦūãtI="?Ɋ +Ɋ Oˎ Q.ˎ ;.ˎ 25Ɋ O8  8 0ˎ : X:8ˎ:ĂˎFˎ: `FˎFˎ ˎ F |ˎXˎ 8 .ˎ <ˎ !v.ˎ IɊ .ˎ   =T Ɋ žTɊ O:Ñˎ °ˎ  25Ɋ ƕ^ .Ě Ɋ <Ɋ œ 1ĚȅɊ nɊ %Ɋ $%Ɋ > $7%Ɋ %7%Ĵ 8¬®.Ɋ ĺ&8Ŀ(Ɋ g Āˎ ċ oˎ íˎ 8ˎ Ȟ€ LJˎ ] J}}ˎ žIɊ Oɴ8Á| ˎ§ ě ĕ ˎ– 5ˎx'ˎ § ě ˎ DÁÁ(Ɋ Ĉ5 I | ˎ 6ˎ 6:5 X: ˎ vˎJFˎ 6 : I 8:6ˎ ˎ : ˎ M¬ˎ ĭ6ˎ :ɊĜˎ <ˎ !vˎ 2"Ɋ .ˎ 25T=T+Ɋ ++Ɋ $  Jˎ [ 3  Ɗ d}8 ˎ !ˎ 2   Ɋ nĨˎ oJˎ€ˎ ˜: 0ˎ rə:ˎ :®58Â.ˎ 4 Ɋ ZɊ D 5ųTʼnITɊ Ū+?]Ɋ O 5„ȟii¢ˎ >² ĭ Z ­ ˎOiƴ 5­ˎn U ­ ˎ pJ 8Tˎ Oˎ D "?(Ɋ O :58ˎ  Jˎ : J ¡: Ýˎˎ: ˎ8:VJˎOVƍo ˎ*€.ˎ 9 Ɋ D It  I=+IɊ +"(Ɋ $¬ ˎ ˜ˎ 2IɊ ˜ ˎ 5| ˎ oJI :  ˎ €ˎ € vv ˎ vˎ 8ʚ8ˎ ț <$7 <  @Ɋ    ˎ ˎ<F ˎ6ˎD:5Jˎ* 5 8ˎ ˎ 7wé>0 @ж%Ɋ  %$Ɋ )¶ǜ¦%$¶0 ñɊ ò€.ˎ Q.ˎ<Fˎˎ  +=?T(Ɋ D X56|āˎ Oˎ OX€0ˎ Ŭäˎ *8 ˎ n: J Z ˎ "?Ɋ +2(Ɋ $`T ˎ <ˎ °ˎ "Ɋ $ :5 8ˎ 6Fˎ €ˎ X F8ˎ vˎ F ˎ ;8 ˎ ]J0ˎ Oi3ˎ z  nɊ  Ɋ D  àŴ  ?Tè2IɊ +(Ɋ $`Tˎ <.ˎ °.ˎ 2Ɋ <X :8ˎ 0ŋ : ˎ Úˎ Fɬˎ D Ú ˎ ::.ˎ ȴˎ Ċɚ.ˎ !!GƊ ˎ  ""=?Ɋ ?5(Ɋ Oʾ}ʰT ˎ <  ˎ°   ˎ$ʿʷ}T ˎ ˜ˎ dˎ 2(Ɋ ! ʓ|ˎ : ˎ D 8 „;8 ˎ Ƴ X}Úˎ FvøĹˎ :ˎ D Ýˎ D ’ˎ $Vˎ `ˎ Fˎvˎ–8ˎ6ˎ Jʱˎ!0ǻˎ 8 :Jˎ  8F ˎ (Ɋ   (Ɋ I+õ  5ţŤ 5 Ɋ ?+Ɋ O¡¡„n8Fˎ Q  ˎ 2+(Ɋ D8 :Ăˎ ˎ XJ6ˎ6ˎ8 J :ˎ€5FˎJˎ–I `Fˎ Ŭ6 ˎ 4. (Ɋ a $(Ɋ u Ɋ Ɩ$.n(Ɋ  n Ɋ  It D  +=Ɋ ?? Ɋ $áá„n8:­ˎ Q U ­ ˎD56á¢ˎ Dˎ !Uˎ D 2?]Ɋ ¯ Ɋ>0p@0Ɋ wɊ>%@Ǔ ’ ȘpɊ w$7wɊ w Ɋ¡07~ %$^ Ɋ <Ɋ zɊ  Ɋ<. (Ɋ g ¾ˎ n6 I 8 ˎ MQn*ˎ ?"Ɋ OiJňĕˎ Qˎ *ˎ 2(Ɋ ˜ii :i :0ˎ ˎ:Ÿˎ n50ˎ F5 6Fˎ $5 ˊ ˎ F ˎ 8ˎ vˎ ;8 ˎ €ˎ Ċ80Ŗˎ Ƨ%RX%Ɋ %L%Ɋ 5ø2T=?Ɋ ?2Ɋ O5¶ˎ Qˎ *ˎ 2+ (Ɋ *ˎ*0ˎvˎF ˎ nJ0ˎ DJF5Jˎ <8ˎ ˎ F ˎ Mʅˎ ]0ˎ O5ˎ BɊ B1Ɋ &.ƾɊ íI~Ɗ QFˎ *: .  ˎċ oˎ ;ˎ ?Ɋ O:`ˎ t . ˎ„Oˎ ȳ2+Ɋ 8ˎ50 |ˎ 6ˎ :ˎ 8F: |ˎ &R1Ɋ ËɊ   ÷ Ɋ "«+Ɋ "5Ɋ ĉJ:5ˎ tˎ D 2+(Ɋ *5ɋŸɳ:8:ßˎ 6ˎ ș |0ˎ :ˎ ĄǓˎ ŭ ˎ å¦Ɗ ĝŐŘ Ɋ  (Ɋ tÁ="Ɋ "   Ɋ ĉ:ˎ t ä ƨ ˎ <:8Ti>ˎ ˜ˎ 2TɊ <X I :8ˎ8 8ˎ 6ˎ F ˎ|ˎ vˎ*I 6ˎ8 ¶ˎ 8Fˎ (Ɋ  $ 1 Ɋ 2+»Àŷ+I+=?Ɋ "Ɋ !o ˎ !ˎ ""(Ɋ nƑ8o8 ˎ ˎ *0Fˎ –8oJ8ˎ $iʄˎ ‰R1Ɋ Ɋ  + ŶI=55Ɋ "T(Ɋ !oˎ !ˎ "Ɋ d|0ˎ 8 ˎ 5I |ɛˎ ʺ} :J ˎ <ˎ !vˎ 2Ɋ ˎ "+=25Ɋ "I(Ɋ !oˎ !   ˎ 6ˎ "(Ɋ f OďɊ  œ n (Ɋ g ¾ˎ ‰:ˎ nF6ˎ $ˎ "+(Ɋ !o ˎ !.ˎ 25Ɋ ® ǂ ŸɊ)$ ě1 Ɋ >¶@Ǿǿ ìɊ g Šˎ :ĝˎ n:€Ljˎ OòLʸˎ "?Ɋ !oˎ!ˎ 2Ɋ .ȋ OďɊn ɊŠ Ɋ )n Ɋ n Ɋ ȫóƆƎóʳóʟóƆƎóZˎ C Ǽˎ ‰FZˎ M8ˎ D:ˎ "" Ɋ !o ˎ !ˎ  2(Ɋ A Ɋ nɊ Ɋœ . OǡɊ  n Ɋ g Ăˎ ‰F.ˎ n:6ˎ Oi3ˎ !ĀL5Ɗ ĊoÚˎ Ċ.ˎ ğǵDzǞ.ˎ ŮLɂ8F 8ˎ ɜLLÚˎ ˎ *8®ˎ ƞ<|6ˎ O}:Âˎ B^ Ɋ )Ɋ &L(Ɋ I+Ÿ2=??Ɋ "(Ɋ !oˎ !  ˎ D 2TɊ MFˎ X5ˎ J  ˎ „ ZZɁ $DB-*BL ‘Y &,#&ÿˎ ð %Üÿ,&#ˎ mˎ Ê%ʡYÜÿ,&I #ˎˎHˎ $%´ˎ BHɊ   Ɋ  rÂŤs ˎ /'ˎ !uA eˎ !ˎ 'ˎ<ŠˎçˎďøƁ#AÞˎ6ˎ [ ‘&½ˎ  ñ, ˎmˎ ɝ ±H ˎ4 ɊZ„Ɋ +¼"ę+ˎ   ' ˎ !uA Wˎ !ˎ  +'ˎ a H CɊ Ɋ ) Uɇ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only.  CɊ GU ˆc:Ɋ  Ɋ UŸɊ Z„Ɋ )C1 KC ɊĻɊ1š:ˆ äɊ ‡ ǽˎÈ ˎ M#ˎ [ ȬNA#AHˎ ‡ ˎ NYŅ%zˎ 'ˎ !uA Wˎ !  W ˎ _,H 6Wˎ ˆˎ NJ ˎ$H Aeˎ ]  W ˎ<6RA eˎ Qˎ 'ˎ N AH ˎ %› ÍHÞwA# ˎ 6ˎ ìčLw0ˎ BwHɊ )UĦɊ &:Ɋ Ơ  ƒ ¼  +sˎ  'ˎ !‘A eˎ ! à e ˎĆ ŠYHH Wˎ ^Ãˎ ˆŗˎ "1'ˎ d%ðI w0¦ˎ & ˎ # ˎ  ˎ ˎ Hˎ uHHˎ 6ˎ ‡ .ˎ BHɊ )UɊ &:(Ɋ   G+s "+ˎ 'ˎ !‘&Y Wˎ !  W ˎ N  >ˎ *ˎ 'ˎ a ij H CɊ Ɋ ) U„ CɊ GU ˆc:ȪɊ  Ɋ ºÄɊ ƶ Ɋ &CɊ ļ„Ɋ 1š„:ˆ äɊ ‡ ¦ˎ Ø ˎ M#zˎ [H ˎ + 'ˎ !m 6 Wˎ B¡Ɗ <ˎ    'ˎ P ˎ i & ˎ y6 & ˎ yˎ *6ˎ #‘&H· Ǿˎ ˎ # A6% Aˎ ďˎ ˎ uA6#zˎ „Ɋ  CȚɊ 1G/1s ˎ 1'ˎ !m 6Wˎ tˎ <ˎ  +'ˎ ĉ#  ˎ 6ˎ [ #  ăˎ  #ˎ Š6 ˎ ˎ  ʨˎ $ˎ <ˎ !yˎ +  Ő ˎˎ s+ˎ "'ˎ !6Wˎ Dˎ * z e ˎ6.ˎ  ""'ˎ fɊ Èc Ɋ ¥QɊ c:U CU (Ɋ ȶ ˎ ˆwģˎ N ˎ  'ˎ !&# ™ŅWˎ !ˎ Čˎ 'ˎ N# ˎ #,I  0eˎ ˎ A, 6ˎ ## &ˎ <ˎ !ɞˎ 1">ˎ ˎ "@ ˎ .ˎ !A 6e ʋˎ  +”ˎD uAˎ6ˎîA ÷I #¦ˎ ˎ Rˎ HÁˎ  ˎ Rˎ *6ˎ #I &ˎ #Y Y% ˎ &C Ɋ Žc(Ɋ BȫɊ ˎr¯+@ˎ /'ˎ ! %6Wˎ ÙƊ  +.ˎ fɊ&IJ:Ɋ Z ÄɊ Ɋ &gɊ 1:CHɊ  Ɋ CɊ Èc Ɋ  )  cɊ ‡ šˎ _6& Hˎ ‡ ˎ $& ˎ Ɋ FN  ¥ Ɗ !&# ÊÎɐ >ˎ äƊ j  ˎ WWġ¤Ɗ NÿĂ£Ɗ ÇÊ%Hmˎ Êʔˎ ˎ ˎ ŮLēuAˎML: ˎ D ńWˎLJ0ˎ LÙI Ņ& ˎ µH&  &ˎ6ˎ ˎ$A #ˎ6ˎ ˆH#ˎ ŇAL  ˎ ˎ j ‡Ɋ) Ɋ  Ɋ :Ɋ ǚɊ Ɋ id:U„½:ǮǢ:Ɋ Ý 1:CȷåɊ Y6Óˎ *Óˎ ȯNjˎ j%mWˎ Óˎ "@Ǹ'ˎ _6 ńŠ Ɲ ˎ*L# J  ˎ ! ˎ  ˎ 'ˎ !A# 6 >ˎ t  ˎ jˎ ÈĆĆˎ    . ˎ N6HAwˎ ˎ 6uɔHʠ ˎ yˎ 6č}0ˎ č}A A ˎ Y# &Y ˎ ˎ Yˎ # ˎ yˎ $Yʭˎ  Ɋ i cɊ )UɊ &CɊ FCɊ +/G ý ŕ+/ˎ Ʋˎ !A# 6 ōˎ [3Ɗ j z ˎ ‰‰ ĝˎ  Ôˎ P ˎ D ALˎ ±# ˎ L&6w >ˎ ˎ žuHˎ # wˎ 6ˎ ˎ %&,& ˎ yˎ  & ˎ # & ˎ ˎ Yˎ $‘ˎ # Ãˎ  œɊ iȤcɊ )UȬɊ +¾1~s"1ˎ 'ˎ !A#ÁŘˎ ÚƊ ^ˎ /.ˎ ħC:Ɋ F. CɊ QɊCɊFcɊ Ɋ MRˎ ÉÁǿˎ *#6 Ŋ &#ˎ +'ˎ !Đ Wˎ N  e ˎ!  `Wˎ _ˎ "'ˎ —±ĸ  ˎ 6ˎ ˎ  Hˎ6ˎ <ˎ Īʼn.ˎ GU ˆcÝ :Ɋ  " ˎ 1'ˎ !Ķ ­ˎ N à Wˎ !Y  ˁŘˎ _  ˎ 'ˎ ŠĨĨɊ i  Ɋ Ɋ i Ɋ i Ɋ ‡A ¦ˎ D$M*ˎ "'ˎ !Wˎ $ˎ ìˎ "'ˎ !# ˎ6A #u ˎ &ˎ [ ‘&ˎ % ¦ˎ  Yˎ #ž A ˎ ˎ Y I 6Hwmˎ6ˎ A,ɢ##Yˎ &ˎ Yˎ H0 & ˎ yˎˎ ɣ,Hˎ mˎ jÆɊýƺ Ɋ r  ƒ G üsˎ 'ˎ !Wˎ$ˎ ìˎ 'ˎ [A AÍˎ : m¦ˎ ˎ ## ˎ y ˎ P ŠH6.ˎ <ˎ !y.ˎ 1"?ˎ ˎ ý@+ˎ 'ˎ !H& >ˎ ˆ  ˎ j  > ˎ !# %6 Wˎ t  ˎ jˎ ÈÈÈeˎ <6R& Wˎ Qˎ ˆˎ  1'ˎ P ˎ± ˎyˎ_Hˎ MAʆŝˎ ì# HwA#ǔˎ uA6ı#ˎ 6ˎ & # & ˎ Ž: cȽɊ  ½ǥs + ˎ //'ˎ !  Wˎ ˆ Ó ˎ Ǜ"1'ˎ Ć‘Y A,#Y ˎ Ê%I ÍHÞw&# ˎ ˎ Hˎ ##ˎ 6Hˎ [  ÷>ˎ [Ë #ˎ :CɊ ô@Ɗ i cȌɊ a CɊ Ɋ  ¯+Ä@"ˎ / ” ˎ ! YHÿWˎ‡  W ˎˆmmeˎ  Æ ˆ ƊN·· &Wˎ‡ˎ  +'ˎ !m ˎ mˎ ŷ,% ˎ ˎ ˎ $ ˎ 6ˎ [ ˎ ì6zˎ 4 Ɋ ZɊ Gs+ˎ /'ˎ ! RR ÁAWˎ Nˎ ""'ˎD HˎďA I eˎ ™#  Wˎ 6ˎ  A ð ˎ &ˎ I ˆ &#ˎ $Y%ˎ Øˎ ĄɊ rɊ  Ɋ CɊ Ĵ i U„ Ɋ z æɊ 6ˎ Ȝˎ j Ʃˎ ˎ  1"@1.ˎ ^ Aɩ ƪˎ QDëˎ Q ŠL ˎ —Á ˎ /'ˎ !Reˎ *ˎ $ˎ 'ˎiCUɊ ɊƘCœ g‹ɊQɊ CɊZ ɊQɊ iŹɊ fÛC Ɋ QɊ Uĸ  Ɋ &CɊ iCɊ ^ Aw ˎ Q[ ˎ P ˎ îµ AHˎ N  ˎ /'ˎ !Reˎ *.ˎ $  > ˎj Wˎ_ >ˎ <# yyWˎ*  W ˎ 6 ˎ "'ˎ fɊ xU UɊ 4 ( Ɋ 4 Ɋ ĵ i U„ Ɋ fšC Ɋ i Q :Ɋ ^ ˄ Aw ˎ QD¦ˎ î ˎ îµ AHˎ N  ˎ 6ˎ Q ±Fˎ —Á ˎ /+'ˎ !RYeˎ tˎ ˆˎ ý""'ˎ _ħˎÊ% Yˎ %Y&,& ʢˎ 6YHˎ Dˀ#ˎˎˎˆAʼn ˎP Óˎ &gÝ 1Ɋ :Ɋ ýG s/ˎ /1'ˎ !Reˎ AŸƊ C ""'ˎ!AwAÞˎˎA Aˎˎ Hˎ$i´ˎ  Aw.ˎ  C1 Ɋ   Ɋ »+s FƊ /"'ˎ !RWˎ A Ɗ   C "'ˎ *  ˎ## ˎ  y ˎ ˎ % ˎyˎ# ˎ[`#.ˎ ‰g1Ɋ :Ɋ  " G s/ˎ /.ˎ !R>ˎ B¢Ɗ ˆˎ  "'ˎ < 66` &ˎ ˎ Ø#ˎ Y %mˎ # ˎ <YYˎ !Yyˎ /ǩŏˎ ˎ @1ˎ /'ˎ !A`eˎ *ˎ "1'ˎ F ȿcɊ Ɋ ÉȧqɊ r I UC ŒɊ U Ɋ $ŠHˎ N .ˎ M#ˎ *I %Hˎ mˎ *%ļYH ˎ ‡ .ˎ <YÎˎ NY HÎI wAˎ ˎ   /'ˎ !A¡Wˎ*ˎ +'ˎ‡ ˎ# H ˎ6ˎ]AHuAHˎ 4 (Ɋ ZɊ /Ťŕ+ˎ    ' ˎ <·%£j,%>ˎ‡  W ˎji,Y%Wˎ !ˎ ‡ˎ 'ˎ ‡ˎɤˎˎHˎ#,%yĐˎ6YHˎˆ%&· Yˎ P ˎ ˎ ˎ # ˎ %ˎ 6ˎ $%´ˎ 4CɊ –cɊ ‚c Ɋǃǯ Ɋ ¯  s+ˎ    ' ˎ < w>ˎ !ˎ /'ˎ ÈyøƁˎ Šˎ H ˎ HHčʼnw ˎ ˎ <# ɶˎ a  Ɋ 1G/"s ˎ    ' ˎ < AwWˎ ‡   ˎ ]weˎ _  W ˎ jA # y>ˎ ˆzˎ ~Ôˎ MRˎ uɷ6#ˎ ˎ DLLˎ (+./%1 +'#'01      1 B2Đˎ [ ˎ ]0ˎ $ˎ Bˎ !4ˎ "Ɋ ˎ `+=  5Ɋ ! E Ɋ B R Ƌ?ˎ Q.ˎ S  ? ˎ  ˎ D 3! Ɋ •S H8$,O$,8Ɋ ˜Ɋ $Ɋ Ɋ8$Ɋ \2Åˎ [Ïˎ gɃ ˎ * ˎ B ˎ $, ˎ !  + Ɋ B R ˎ Àˎ S  ? ˎp= Tˎ Àˎ $   ˎ ˎ  3` Ɋ 81\$,H8Ɋ Ɋ  Ɋ S 8$ĥɊ Ɋ$8$ĥ(Ɋ \2Ĥˎ [Ïˎ Cˎ Æ åˎ B åˎ $5Ƃ,Uˎ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. !  `Ɋ B R Ƌ?ˎ Àˎ S  ? ˎ ! ˎ Sˎ j   ˎ !2V Ē ?ˎ ĩ Ŗ ˎj Ĝ ˎ ȥȦ\Ǎˎ  Ű3!ŔɊ Ȱ Ēˎ  ˎ ˎ2 9ˎ2 ˎŒ  ˎ ˎ Ĵˎ 52ˎ ˎ aˎ $5 ˎ Ɋ YO,Ɋ ).8]Ɋ +ź""=3Ɋ !  " Ɋ B ?ˎ kˎ Ø'ˎ D 3E Ɋ Cˎ [Gˎ ˎ   ˎ \T£[2 2ˎ !Ð,Ðˎ VŒ ļ ®  ˎ   ?ˎ 0ˎ  ˎ Þ . ]Ɋ 9DŽ]Ɋ 5Ż  !=!Ɋ !  3 Ɋ B2  Ő ˎ!ˎ $ˎ D "3 Ɋ _0ˎ ˎaˎ2ˎ \Ðˎ \ˎ fɊ  ‡Ɋ9$$ªɊ  ˎ Sˎ [ Œ Ðˎ īˎ BTʇ?ˎ ˎ 3«!5 Ɋ P2ˎ S,Gˎ Nˎ !   Ɋ B2 ˎ !åˎ $åˎ "3¾Ɋ ï2ˎ Sˎ$˅ ˎ aˎ\Ĩ ˎ \ O‡Ɋ !  »  t"=!"Ɋ !5Ɋ B2 ˎ !ˎ $  ? ˎ B2  ?ˎ ‰'ˎ  3 Ɋ ī=ˎ2,0?ˎ  E`=35żɊ ˎˆ 0ˎ =ʤ= Rˎ z Ɋ \ (Ɋ  ! Ž Ɋ !Ů€!" Ɋ !  D Ɋ B244Ñˎ*Zˎ  3+ Ɋ \   ˎˎ Gˎ  V,ˎ Ÿˎ ¶ˎ ˎ Cʩˎ M,ˎ $Ŀ ˎ Bˎ !aˎ D +`Ɋ ˎ +=5Ɋ !]Ɋ B2ż’ˎ \Uˎ  3`]Ɋ >,.Ɋ $$‡Ɋ ™Ɋ $Ɋü1$$ɊQɊ Ɨ$O1‡(Ɋ [Œ 2,ăˎ Mˎ NĒœˎ ÀſVTȖˎ [VĒˎ Æ   ˎ !! Ɋ B2Ÿƫˎ pˎ kˎ 3EɊ $2 5ˎ % ˎ ˎ 2ˎ [%2`ˎ ]0Ėˎ $Ŀ ˎ Bˎ !4ˎ E3Ɋ ˎ "+=EɊ !E Ɋ B2 0?ˎ !ˎ  3!Ɋ Cˎ Sˎ N,ˎ ˎ $Û ˎ ąƂ5  =ˎ 4 -Ɋ ).8-Ɋ &\Ɋ ÆŒ 5ƃåˎ  . ]Ɋ 3ž"=! DɊ !+Ɋ B2 0ˎ !ˎ D 3! Ɋ CˎˎM=Ûˎ0ˎˎ  ®ˎ  ˎˎˎ  ˎ ˎˎ ˎɕˎSVˎ G. òJ’#Ɋ ſ+«53Ɋ !` Ɋ B2 0?ˎ!  ? ˎ!?ˎS  ˎ D 35 Ɋ _ħˎ żˎ j,ˎ 0ˎ ˎ   ˎ ˎ  Ÿ  ˎ ˎ ˎ 4ſ=ˎ ˎ ˎ V™ˎ ™ˎ ˎ $5ˎ ‰R1Ɋ \Ɋ  " t  5ŏɊ !" Ɋ B2 0ˎ! ã  ˎ! `?ˎ Æˎ D" Ɋ _= ˎ4ˎ %%, ĺˎ %  2  ˎ ™ ,ˎ 2ˎ N ˎ S¡ˎ ˎ 2ˎ 2£ˎ  ˎaˎ$ˎ Ɋ $GɊ EEâE¼ ø`"`€3EɊ !3Ɋ B2©  ˎ h & ȃ "3 Ɋ _ 0ˎ 4ˎ ˎ Œ 2  ˎ Ÿˎ ¶şˎ   0ˎ  ˎ Ÿ%ˎ ɥRˎ ˎ ;2ˎ ]ˎ $ ˎ d% ˎ $ˎ -Ɋ $™G-Ɋ E!áE¼ t+`€Ɋ !ìɊ B2  ¸ˎ‰ œ ˎ  3   Ɋï2ˎ jĎˎ d £Cˎ C2ˎ Æ%Ɍ2, ˎ ī%ĸƵ2ˎ 4 ™ ˎ Rˎ ˎ xɊ ¡ Ɋ \ Ɋ 3âEƀɊ E5+€E`Ɋ !!5 Ɋ B2  ˎ \ˎ 3 Ɋ S `ˎ 2Œ ,ˎ  ˎ Ðƶ2,2 ˎ }ˎ ˎ M%ņ2ˎ$ˎ ɸˎƣɊF[Ɋ‡Ɋ8.Ɋ[,$Ɋ 70Ċ Ɋ 8Ɋ 8ɊY$ 8ªɊ  ˎ Cˎ ; ?ˎ Sˎï  ˎˎ  !"€ 5 Ɋ— TGˎB ˎ _2ˎ B ˎ  5 Ɋ !!  Ɋ B2  ?ˎØ '  ˎ_%ˎ[ˎd  ? ˎB2  ?ˎN  ˎ ȭ  ˎ 3!Ɋ _¶= ˎ ɟ  ˎ   ˎˎ ˎ ˎ Sˎ CÛ£[2Ļ?ˎ ˎ S`ˎ Ĭ %?ˎ §ñˎ d ?ˎ ˎ }ˎ ˎ $ĿĤˎ "«  3  Ɋ ġ~ . ˆO™\8Ɋ  ùɊ 5Ŋ53Ɋ !! Ɋ B2  ?ˎ \  ? ˎ_ ©ˎ B  ? ˎ[ ,?ˎ *ˎ p  ˎ  3Ɋ jɄˎdV ȀˎˎV2Ðˎ Œ , ˎ ˎ ©ˎ $V ˎ 9\\Ɋ   `tɊ +=+Ɋ !!!]Ɋ B2  Ƭˎ ;Uˎ 3+íɊ [ƃ  ˎ  ˎ 2,ˎ ˎ Ïˎ 4ˎ aˎ  ˎ  ¡ ëˎaV Ňˎ2V,2ˎ[đ }ˎ % ˎ Bˎ !aˎ !E" łɊ ˎ 3=! D 5 Ɋ !!E Ɋ B2  ?ˎ N ?ˎ B2  ?ˎ Ø ' ˎ 3! Ɋ ˆ’Ǹ Ļˎ 0ˎ Ëˎ ˎ  ˎ %%ˎ ˇ Ɩ ˎˎ$ ˎd ˎ  ˎN2ˎ]  ˎ B,4ɼ ˎ ˎ Ďˎ  ˎ ,Ďˎ Ʃ^Ɋ ).8-Ɋ &\-Ɋ E+Ɓ  ŋ"!Ɋ !!+ŕɊ B=ƭˎ kˎ _ˎ "3 Ɋ [2=Ķˎ ˎSʐɻ%Āˎˎ  đˎ 4  ˎ 9,Ɋ aS ^8$O\8Ɋ Mˎ Ĩ  ˎC GˎdŸˎ ˎ Æ} ? ˎ ž=ˎ Mˎ Bˎ NVÐˎ !!` Ɋ B =?ˎ kˎ ˆȃ  35 Ɋ ŧ=  , ˎ %ˈ ʛ,ˎ ˎ ˎ $ʹˎ á ŧ ""€ "ã Ɋ \ˎ F,8$Ɋ  Ɋ .ŁɊ fĜĜɊ ō}Ɗ .Ɋ $S G.ªɊ  ˎ kˎ NËŹˎ jƮˎ ˎ "€!! Ɋ C Ĥˎ _ V ˎ kˎ Nđ ˎ jˎ !!"]Ɋ B =?ˎ käˎ _  ’ ˎ Sņ2’ˎ pUˎ d U ? ˎdÛ’ˎ !  ’ ˎ $ ?ˎk  ˎ 3!Ɋ _ŨˎaV  =ˎˎ  ˎ=ˎ ˎ ! ģˎ S2£k  Vnjˎ S G Ɋ 9\-Ɋ t=+Ɋ !!3Ɋ B=5 ʕ?ˎ Sˎ 3+Ɋ [22 Åˎ  Œ  ˎ  Uˎ 4Õ]Ɋ ƥ,Ɋ E  ù Ɋ 3+Ō+Ɋ !!Ɋ B 2?ˎ !ˎ ïˎ D "Ɋ ¨2ˎ = ˎ  ˎ ™ˎ aˎ Tˎ a ˎ ,% ™ˎ ˎ 2ˎ $™Ə= ˎ ˎ ƝǛ-Ɋ x­Ɋ E+Ƃ!3"= E55Ɋ !E5Ɋ B 2?ˎ [ˎ _ˎ kˎ 35Ɋ $ˎ   ˎ 4V ˎdń}VVʜˎ[Ňˎ Bˎ!4ˎ "Ɋˎ 3"=  D  Ɋ !E D ] Ɋ B T% ¢ˎ į œ Ɗ_Uˎ 3! Ɋ ï2ˎ = ˎ 4ˎS ˎ  ©=ˎ2 ˎ Bˎ !4ˎ !  E Ń Ɋ ˎ  !`€`5Ɋ !E Ɋ B2™ˎ pˎ _  ˎ 35 Ɋ ¨2ıˎ]©ˎB= ˎ ˎ  ˎ 2ˎ Ÿ,  ,ˎ aˎ2ˎ _%0ˎ ɹŒ V  ˎ $V© ˎ ˎ 2ˎ gÛˎ ȹ0?ˎ $Vˎ xɊ þ Ɋ\ ëɊ " ƃ"=+Ɋ !E! Ɋ PŸĐ?ˎ _ˎ "" Ɋ ™8$ȍ™Ɋ Ɋ Ɋ Y8$Ɋ  Ɋ º-Ɋ SŸÅˎ ɺˎ [ ˎ Bˎ Æ Uˎ [ Uˎ ˎ [Ÿˎ !EE Ɋ ¨Ÿ2ˎ N  ˎ 3` Ɋ gˎ ¶=ˎ ˎ ˎ   ˎ 4 =ˎ ˎ NŒ ,™ Wˎ ]ˎ ˎ kļƏˎ ˎ ˎ 5ņˎ ˎ $ˎ )%ǸČɊ –O(Ɋ ‚O -Ɋ \ą -Ɋ !t =!5Ɋ !E+ Ɋ ¨ ˎ pˎ " Ɋ Į\^$,8Ɋ $Ɋ yɊ 1Ɋ Ɋ $Ɋ&$Ɋ FO  8Ɋ ‘Ɋ .ªɊ @ĄþIžƊ !™ˎ =F aˎ2ˎĩ ˎB 4 ˎ Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. YFɁ .**1 ˆė3 ȃ ȃ Z$8ȃ %" ȃ -[•ȃ o Kȃ -[ȃ ">>ȃ !IEȃ -.jȃ £  ; ȃ ‹$[ ;ȃ Ézˎ  )Bȃ S§K Ƶ>ȃ ȃ ~ȃ ëDž8ȃ {;ȃ Œ8œ^ȃ  @ȃ B_Ɋ QɊ Ɋ ā_Ɋ 9—ēĐ:Ɋ jÛ_ Ɋ  &.—WɊ:Ɋ -[–ȃ o Kȃ -[ȃ .>>ȃ !I@ȃ -.;ȃ £ ;ȃ ‹$[ ;ȃ Éˎ  )=ȃ -:ȃ r.  Kȃ Œ. ȃ ȃ :ȃ Ą.ȃ z7 Óȃ "$Şȃ ˆėK 7ȃ  ȃ A$ȃ ǒȃ tT¤ vȃ  )B^ȃ B_Ɋ #Ɗ QɊ Ɋā_Ɋ 9:đĎĐ:Ɋ jĮ_ Ɋ Ɋ &.:WɊ S :Ɋ -[mȃ o Kȃ -[ȃ ">7ȃ !I)ȃ -: :.;ȃ Ɗ ȃ  @Eȃ %ȃ 2 ööȃAg. TĈȃ Ŷ z ȃ~ȃ D8½ŷǍȃ A$~$‚ȃ 8Ǯ:ȃ ~ Qü¨ 7Hȃ .$ ȃ &R_Ɋ A:Ɋ  = ȃ R  U  ŋ ȃ !Iȃ -: :.;ȃ Y  ȃ ȃ  @ȃ Ã.fȃ .¼ȃ >>`Q>ȃ ™.gƍȃA$:$jȃ .ǯ:ȃ ~ Q~7;ȃ Œ"›ȃ &R_Ɋ :Ɋ  ¯ÂU  REȃ !=Rȃ -:37kȃ tȃ s  j ȃ 27“-:37jȃ ˆ  ; ȃ zT;ȃ Yȃ r  ; ȃ £ ;ȃ zȃ ]ȃ  )=ȃ %ȃ  ;=RRp"ȃ ..ȃ gDȃ ¥"3 ȃ 3"ƕÇ3Ç X ȃ ȃ ȃ ">ȃ D8½ȃ :ȃ Ƃ$ȃ ȃ õ3ŀȃ 9——Ɋ BBã@  U@!ȃ !ß   ȃ -:ĉ3đƒȃ 2  ƒ ȃí"Ɣ¼ƒȃ 2ȃ -;ȃ î7jȃ r ^ ; ȃ >^ȃ  )=ȃ 9.ńɊ 9.—.Ɋ Ė Ɋ 9đĎǤ Ɋ QǤ°ȃ %":ȃ %ǥĚ Ǧȃ  Kȃ Q"ȃ !=B ȃ -g3 ;ȃ ºƊ ]ȃ )Bȃ tV"“77ȃ >ȃ ȃ  ȃ "QT ȃ  ȃ :ñȃ :ȃ C÷Æȃ ]÷Mȃ BB!jȃ 33ȃ  I=U@Œȃ !=!ȃ -3 ;ȃ ã–Ɗ ]ȃ  )Eȃ %ȃ 7l$ȃ Dȃ $ ȃ ":  $.ȃ D"ȃ A$ñX :$ȃ Cȃ ]Mȃ !  = H ȃ 33ȃ E!U)!ȃ !=Iȃ -g3;ȃ Yȃ ]  ; ȃ-3Hȃ-ȃ  @)ȃ.:7 9ȃ D" M  ȃ >7 >ȃ Mȃ "Ĕ:ǝȃ Œ8$ȃ Y.ȎɊ _WɊ  ©!ѱE  )Ö   ȃ !==ȃ -3 vȃ Y ^ ȃ ]  vȃ -3 vȃ -ȃ t ȃ  )!ȃ > X : Q:ȃ . >ȃ ȃ .<:Íȃ "œ ȃ 7gȃ `79K 7ȃ gȃ 9$ 7 ; ȃ  Vg.[7ȃ cş'Ɗ 77ȃ Dȃ  " ȃ ³ȃƒ§ǹɀȏĖȭɊ Ɋ Ɋ:oɊo:ŸɊj†Ɋ ɊFÞ Ɋ ǕɊ ” Ɋ B  Ɋ zWWo›VɊ ȃ ]  ȃ tKˁ :;ȃ %ȃ £ vȃ 33ȃ B!@U=ȃ %`$l$ċX l$äȃ  Kȃ Z ȃ 2ǵ ȃ ȃ `ȃ 2$>ȃ %":ȃ ˆ :ȃ !=Eȃ -3 ªȃ Yȃ ]  H ȃ -3Hȃ -ȃ t ȃ  )Eȃ Sȃ A"ýT ȃ 2¼ȃ ȃ A$:$ȃ BȸɊ )pɊ &LɊ I@ş  !U=Bȃ !=¯ȃ -3 Hȃ -ȃ ū¥ˎ  )Bȃ -:ȃ S"ȃ ³ć¿ 9ƶ ȃ .¼ȃ ȃ ý 7ȃ Q¬ȃ ¶ȃ ]ºȃ BB!kȃ 33ȃ Ü=Ŕķ)Iȃ !=)^ȃ -.ÇQQ"Hȃ z  ȃğ˜Ɗ  )Iȃ % ď Kȃ .:X Q >Šȃ ǭ  7 ;ȃ   7 Hȃ ǎX 3.  > ȃ )Ɋ  •!==U@Rȃ !=ȃ -" `gǞ;ȃ A  ȃ  @@ȃ S§K 7ȃ ȃ ¶ǟȃ ©?3 ^ȃ -;ȃ "$Ĩȃ Ç Ɋ I š  @ U)ȃ !ERȃ -. `ď;ȃ Aȃ  @ȃ jWɊ BÎɊ ɊZs ŖɊ †oG.oɊ oɊ oWɊ G.Ɋ Ao.]Ɋ ¶ wȃ %›X Q$7 ƒȃ s9mȃ A7ȃ ["ȃ $ȃ £$ “% :.½3>ȃ Å7  kȃ  ȃ Å7ĝȃ % :.g37vȃ ȃ   ȃ !E  ^ ȃ -"`Đjȃ A  ȃ  )= ȃ %3$.ȃ Ç ƻɊ ­–I­¯Uŏ­ȃ !EBȃ -ǡ7V ;ȃ rȃ C¨Ɗ  )! ȃ .$Ģ > ȃ.gK"ȃºȃ $ $"ȃ 3 "Ǐȃ Wȃ A.^Ɋ ij G.oƄɊɊ).WɊQɊ² Ɋ9Ɋ Y.œ VɊ ȃ 2ȃ %Ę;ȃ 33ȃ @Ÿȃ d7: QX Óȃ ?°ȃ ſČQŁȃ %ȃ C  7ȃ !E!ȃ -$>: Q~;ȃ %ȃ ?  ; ȃ r.ćLJ ;ȃ ȃ 2  H ȃ -Q;ȃ D à ˎ  @łȃ 9. Ɋ Ɋ A.§Ɋ )WéR‹JɊ FpȨŅɊ foLWJ†Ɋ  Ɋ Ɋ )J_Ɋ ò—Ɗ -9½ mȃ ]ȃ ‹ . ȃ 2$7  ; ȃ %Q.ȃ .7>ȃ !EIȃ ``:×?ċ Q;ȃ Axȃ  )!ȃ {"7X 3 >:ȃ s.`.ȃ Kȃ Œ Ėīȃ Z.X 3"œȃ )Ɋ –JɊ ‚JƤɊ :ǰWɊ BBȃ !E=ȃ oQ kȃ ?  ; ȃ T.7[ ;ȃ CÙȃ Ġ › | Ɗ T"7[;ȃ -ȃ sȃ  )! ȃ ]7 >ȃ "l$¤Q7ȃ ȃ $`Ɵ8$7ȃ ȃ 33>ȃ ȃ  >ȃ ȃ ȃ ȃ >ȃȃ ȃ 9DZȃ 4WîɊ Ʀ@Ɋ B!ŢB)U IIȃ !EEȃ .`;ȃ Aȃ  )Bȃ ]3"> Ƹ7ȃ ¿  K7ȃ ȃ "l$Q»ȃ  ȃ ȃ g7ȃ %7ȃ WW_:ɊA..' Ɋ B­å!!ĵ)!ȃ !E@ȃ Ɔ95Àȃ íȃ  )Őȃ %7 .ȃ ȃ Lj¿ .Ơ>ȃ ȃ :ȃ > ȃ Dȃ 8$„ȃ Ɋ &ÍɊ L% Ɋ 9LǣɊ !)= B! UI@ȃ !E)ȃ .;ȃ tȃ Sȃ  )   ȃ)ȮɊ t ţȃ WSȃ !Eȃ jȃ %ȃ  )Bȃ S>$ $"ȃ Ƿ3X gșȃ ƞȃ 2 ò>3 ȃ ĥ$TÑȃ &%Rș%Ɋ :Ɋ  –!Ķ@ȃ !@Rȃ {>$7;ȃ swȃ ¶^ȃ  )  w ȃˆ8ȃ Û"ȃ ¿ >Ĵ.ȃ ȃ ȃ 9›°ȃ :ơȃ7ȃ ™ȃs$ "X .9Ĉȃ Kȃ ò.¥ȃ Y µ Ɗ ]™Ɗ BHɊ :oWɊ B ©  Ò m  !Ø  = ŭ ȃ B©BĩŤ)U  ! H ȃ  UBRȃ !@  ^ ȃ .;ȃ Yȃ 2  ȃź. Ĭȃ[`$Đ Hȃ %ȃ  )Rȃ 2$ >ȃ Mȃ "›ȃ Åȃ ).qɊ ýs Ɋ Ɋ:oɊY.W.VɊ ȃ %ȃ [X `$Í;ȃ Sȃ g[`$Ívȃ 33ȃ  !=Ö@Iȃ ě dů'mhĆƊ ĒcŝdŰ'mhƊ  Kȃ Œ"77ȃ !@B¬ȃ d;ȃ ?wȃ -wȃ  @^ȃ -:ȃ 3"7>ȃ ™ȃ VK Qȃ Kg3 ȃ ȃ :ȃ 9œK ȃ 7 ȃ Cȃ ]ºȃ !RIHȃ 33ȃ B@U=Rȃ !@!ȃ dHȃ ?ȃ -ȃ  )= ȃ Œ">ȃ ȃ ë~ X :ȃ ȃ  >–ȃ ȃ .33" >ȃ Dȃ :ȃ ‹$ ąȃ >l$ȃ Cȃ ]™ȃ  =E ;ȃ 33¬ȃ E@Ÿ ŜIȃ !@Iȃ d;ȃ ?ȃ -ȃ  )Eȃ n:ȃ -3¹9¸ȃ " ě Âȃ ȃ K8K V ^ ȃ ƃȃ ]Ʃȃ !  = ; ȃ 33ȃ ÝœUő)ȃ !@=Úȃ d `;ȃ tȃ  @ȃ %"l$  $"ȃ ȃ ȃ A$ȃ >ȃ]>ȃ Cȃ ]™^ȃ  ) v ȃ33ȃ @Ø !=ȃ !@E”ȃ d `;ȃ tȃ  )Iȃ ""ȃ znj–ȃ $ȃ7ǹ ›. ȃ ȃ ºþ  ¤ȃ d9 ȃ ȃ 2l$Q$wȃ 4ÎWɊ ZɊ !BťIRľȃ !@@Ùȃ dþ.kȃ dǎˎ Ŵ ” k ȃzKkȃ ?ȃ  )= ȃ 39X  7ȃ ȃ   ȃ ȃ9"ó ȃ-9Ʒȃȃȃ õ>Ĕȃ3"›„ȃ 4ƱWW¾ɊƷɊ ƙ—Ɋj. Ɋ  oħɊ I°Ś=UŌ IRȃ (*-/&1 *'$'01 !<3*!<8* n Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 1989.18:37-69. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by Yale University - STERLING CHEMISTRY LIBRARY on 12/18/11. For personal use only. !@)ȃ ^9eˎ Äȃ S' >ˎ Q59,eˎ $.ˎ  )Eȃ P ˎ   ˎ 4ˎ $ ȁˎ  Ʒuq5 (ˎ ßʌ &ˎ&ĺˎˎx ßˎOß3‘&ɇĺˎ4,ˎ&Ȃˎ 5K X(‚ˎ ˎ‚,‚'ˎ<ˎ!4'ˎ BRRjȃ .ˎ  )ĿIȃ !@ȃ ^&>ˎ Ä  ž ȃ _q,>ˎ S'ˎ S'ˎ t.ˎ  )Eȃ Oˎ uq Kˎ4ˎK 9Kˎ ˎ (9&` qˎ &ˎ $ŒS9&Kˎ ,ŀ&K3 3ˎ4& ˎ4ˎ†Œ 3 3ˎ ]‚’ˎ 5( Ɖˎ $5.ˎ <ˎ !4.ˎ BRR;ȃ .ˎ  =RĹEBȃ ê/'ˎ ^(>ˎ ;'ˎ Õ "'ˎ _‚ˎ R( Xˎ 45 I &,ˎ ˎ Ĵˎ ľ ˎ K ˎ 4ˎ O53 'ˎ Ɋ ǥ -Ɋ Ɵ Õ ƒ ¼ Õ êœˎ ê Õ ' ˎ ^ ˎ ; '  ˎ ^ 9 ö5ˎ P'ˎ ^'ˎ  @qȃ $I 9 LAKˎ K² qu  ˎ KKŠ9(ˎ 4LƄ ˎ ( ˎ ]&ˎ ]‚ˎ O53'ˎ j0 Ɋ 40Ɋ !!mB@=U @ȃ Uˎ ^ ¢ˎ †Uˎ DUˎ ÕêþUˎ Ĉˎ ˎ5&,&ˎ ˎ 5‚ˎ ‘  ˎ 4ˎ K 9 ˎ  I 9 ˎ qˎ (ɭˎ * .ˎ ‰ˎ čŞom ŲƊ m´Ɋ dm0ÕĝO<ÂɊ jmd <Ɋ ƟdċdɊ mċɊ ĄǦdɊ ƚW0‹VɊ Ņł“Ɗ %8Ɗ JʴŃ„jƇKö>ˎ .ˎ ȢƇ9ɪI Ưˎ 'ˎ f+œ Õ / ' ˎ j*!ˎ \ 'ˎ <5'ˎ BRBȃ Ĉµ45 Gˎ j*!ˎ !)!”ȃ ^A²AĮ >ˎ cȃ  )R”ȃ [ ²Ëˎ ˎ qʖķI & ˎ K÷ˎ (ˎˎ žȃ  ‹ˎ 53&(Kˋˎ ‹qįˎ ˎ ˎ įƄ (ˎ į(ɅUˎ B^ïɊ ijƂų”Ɗ &m*Ɋ IIm=U   Rȃ !)Iȃ ^&²q >ˎ e 4 1 Ɗ $q >ˎ %ÃƊ  )ßqȃ À ˎ *‚K3K ʝˎ ɮĮ Įˎ [Ž Kĥˎ 4 ˎ Œ 39 K ‹&Kˎ Kˎ 4&9K9‹ˎ ^5&'ˎ 40 Ɋ ymɊ IR ==ŸEȃ YpɁ !)=ȃ ^q >ˎ Q'ˎ †.ˎ ō)   ȃĈ4ˎ &`ˎ ˎ Gˎ ˎ K5q(9Íˎ 4ˎ ˎ űq q ˎ ‚  q ˎ4ˎ   ˎß&,&ˎ ˎ ˎ K(ˎ4ˎ Oß3'ˎ |-Ɋ d010W-Ɋ )! ݟ ®Rȃ !)Eȃ ^&>ˎ Q.ˎ †.ˎ )!ȃ P ˎ &,9ˎ  ˎ u (ˎ 4ˎ K ʻˎ 5 q 9Kˎ K& ‚ˎ &ˎ ˎ Rˎ< Ɇˎ]‚ˎ O53āˎ & 9K 9ˎ4ˎ 9ˎ 4ˎ   ˎ&,&Uˎ Ī’Ɗ d010 -Ɋ BɊ ®m®R UáEȃ !)@qȃ ^q,>ˎ_'ˎ @@ȃ *& ˎ   (9K 9ˎ&ˎ ˎťŲ.ˎ<ˎ!4.ˎ B)¯žȃ 'ˎ êDZ“Ǫˎ !))qȃ ^5&, (>ˎ S'ˎ _'ˎ †¥ˎ Ś 'ˎC ˎ,K&ˎ ˎ  ˎ SKˎ &ˎ &ˎ ˎ Dˎ [3K ,ˎ K(²ˎ $'ˎ ]šƊ B-Ɋ B  ã ȃ ÜŘ=ĸ)=ȃ ǟ.ˎ ^3 >ˎ ^'ˎ ^'ˎ  )Iqȃ ;  ˎ 5I q(K ‹9K ˎ  'ˎ _‚ˎ ˎ 9ˉ 5 K9‹¥ˎ BH­Ɋ).-Ɋ&m-Ɋ IEmB=!UEEȃ !)ȃ ^5 5ˎ ^'ˎ ^.ˎ )Iqȃ ] 9K ˎ <9ųJ,ˎ q ˎ PĎƸȷ² Ñˎ <ɽɾųL .ˎ ]±5&K ˎʵɿ±ŀˎ 9ˎ <3ŀ‘‚„Ȯ ,ˎ  )Þqȃ đņoźŨ2ƊĎĹl2Ɗ ĺlŗ•Ɗ×LDZǑȐWŘɊ EæÞŕ!U )Bȃ !Rȃ Űöq>ˎ *'ˎ  )!ȃ ² ˎ ŭ²‹Gˎ 3ˎ I KK9 ˎ K 5ˎ ˎ ˎ <qˎ M ¥ˎ 40 -Ɋ y,mɊ Bå  !Ÿȃ !  q ȃ Ű3q  ˎ !.ˎ -ȃ  )®qȃ j353KK‚ˎ ű ˎ ‚  (9Kˎ öR ,ˎ &ˎ * ˎ K9‘9²ź¡(ź.ˎ ȧˎ ăɊ ÇmɊ m´Ɋ ©Ɋ m´Ɋ ©*Ɋ 9mŗɊ Ų'ˎ Äȃ ť'ˎ x&ˎ !.ˎ \ . ˎ ! ˎ †.ˎ Q'ˎ^9 >ˎ E'ˎ I  U=)qȃ MRˎ Ȼöȃˎ *K  qKˎ

RELATED PAPERS

Епишин А. С. Индустриальный пейзаж в живописи 1920-1930-х годов.

Андрей Епишин

View PDF
Инвестиционное проектирование: курс лекций

Рахметолла Байтасов

View PDF
НОВОРОЖДЕННЫЕ.pdf

Владимир Щуров

View PDF
Зооморфный код в контексте этногенетических связей: лиса в традиционных представлениях монгольских народов | Zoomorphic Code in Ethnogenetic Context: Fox in Traditional Beliefs of Mongolian Peoples

Bair Nanzatov, Marina Sodnompilova

View PDF

RELATED TOPICS

Peruvian Archaeology