A prospective on production of petroleum liquid transportation fuels; recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts, chemistry, technological status and challenges

Fawzi M. Elfghi

The consumption of petroleum transportation fuels has been increasing in most countries for the past three decades. However, the demand for such fuels will continuously increase due to the growth of the number of automobile and automotive owners worldwide. Absolutely, petroleum for the coming two to three decades will continue to play a major role in satisfying the transportation fuel market demand. Keeping in mind, Fuel consumption, energy efficiency, air quality are of concern nowadays. However, oil based transportation fuels that can now be produced comply with stringent environmental standards. A new proposed guidelines to limit sulfur in diesel fuel to less than 10 ppm and aromatics in gasoline fuel to less than 20 wt %, beginning in 2013. Recently, In the USA, sulfur content of diesel fuel has to be reduced from 500 ppmwt as low sulfur diesel (LSD) down to less than 15 ppmwt using ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) by Dec. 1, 2010. The main challenge for diesel fuel processing is the most refractory sulfur molecules that remain in the diesel fuel after the sulfur reduction to 500 ppmwt level by conventional hydrodesulfurization process. On the Otherhand, During the production of gasoline fuel, longer chain streams C6-C12 reformed in catalytic naphtha reforming unit (CNRU) called reformates have high-octane number where those streams contain over 60% aromatics, and their use in reformulated gasoline should therefore be limited. Indeed, reduction of sulfur in diesel fuels and aromatics in reformulated gasoline contributes to the decrease of exhaust gas emissions (Sox, NOx) mainly hydrocarbons (HC) and particulate matter (PM) which tends to improve the Cetane number of diesel fuel, but will reflect negatively on the performance of gasoline fuels since aromatics are the major contributors to enhance the research octane number. However, the demand for ultra low sulfur and aromatics content in transportation fuels will reflect in major consequences for the refineries as well as significant resources will have to be committed to improve the hydrotreating and catalytic naphtha reforming processes as well as to introduce new and more developed active catalysts. A detailed review of the commercially existing processes of catalytic naphtha reforming and hydrodesulfurization from different aspects such as catalysis, feedstocks, operating conditions and reaction network as well as modeling and optimization work achieved in this area is reported in this book.

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¥X] S0/"E+'"=140 H0#I T N%? JH A$$- R-+,1- 8%'#-,($1-/? > A$$ '"&,1* '-*-'8-2? E(('#'<+6-/ Y¥X] " " " " " " " " " C"rtqurgevkxg"qp"rtqfwevkqp"qh"rgvtqngwo"nkswkf"vtcpurqtvcvkqp"hwgnu="tgegpv" cfxcpegu"kp"jgvgtqigpgqwu"ecvcn{uvu."ejgokuvt{."vgejpqnqikecn"uvcvwu"cpf" ejcnngpigu" " " " HCY¥K"O0"GNHIJK" " " " Gpxktqogpvcn"Gpikpggtkpi"cpf"Itggp"Vgejpqnqi{."GGIV." Ocnc{ukc/Lcrcp"Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Kpuvkvwvg"qh"Vgejpqnqi{."OLKKV." Wpkxgtukvk"Vgmpqnqik"Ocnc{ukc."WVO" " " " " OCTEJ"4236" " " " " " " " " " CDUVTCEV" " " Vjg" eqpuworukqp" qh" rgvtqngwo" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" jcu" dggp" kpetgcukpi" kp" oquv" eqwpvtkgu"hqt"vjg"rcuv"vjtgg"fgecfgu0"Jqygxgt."vjg"fgocpf"hqt"uwej"hwgnu"yknn"eqpvkpwqwun{" kpetgcug"fwg"vq"vjg"itqyvj"qh"vjg"pwodgt"qh"cwvqoqdkng"cpf"cwvqoqvkxg"qypgtu"yqtnfykfg0" Cduqnwvgn{." rgvtqngwo" hqt" vjg" eqokpi" vyq" vq" vjtgg" fgecfgu" yknn" eqpvkpwg" vq" rnc{" c" oclqt" tqng" kp" ucvkuh{kpi" vjg" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgn" octmgv" fgocpf0" Mggrkpi" kp" okpf." Hwgn" eqpuworvkqp."gpgti{"ghhkekgpe{."ckt"swcnkv{"ctg"qh"eqpegtp"pqycfc{u0"Jqygxgt."qkn"dcugf" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" vjcv" ecp" pqy" dg" rtqfwegf" eqorn{" ykvj" uvtkpigpv" gpxktqpogpvcn" uvcpfctfu0"C"pgy"rtqrqugf"iwkfgnkpgu"vq"nkokv"uwnhwt"kp"fkgugn"hwgn"vq"nguu"vjcp"32"rro"cpf" ctqocvkeu"kp"icuqnkpg"hwgn"vq"nguu"vjcp"42"yv"'."dgikppkpi"kp"42350"Tgegpvn{."Kp"vjg"WUC." uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"qh"fkgugn"hwgn"jcu"vq"dg"tgfwegf"htqo"722"rroyv"cu"nqy"uwnhwt"fkgugn"*NUF+" fqyp" vq" nguu" vjcp" 37" rroyv" wukpi" wnvtc" nqy" uwnhwt" fkgugn" *WNUF+" d{" Fge0" 3." 42320" Vjg" ockp" ejcnngpig" hqt" fkgugn" hwgn" rtqeguukpi" ku" vjg" oquv" tghtcevqt{" uwnhwt" oqngewngu" vjcv" tgockp" kp" vjg" fkgugn" hwgn" chvgt" vjg" uwnhwt" tgfwevkqp" vq" 722" rroyv" ngxgn" d{" eqpxgpvkqpcn" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" rtqeguu0" " Qp" vjg" Qvjgtjcpf." Fwtkpi" vjg" rtqfwevkqp" qh" icuqnkpg" hwgn." nqpigt" ejckp" uvtgcou" E8/E34" tghqtogf" kp" ecvcn{vke" pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi" wpkv" *EPTW+" ecnngf" tghqtocvgu" jcxg" jkij/qevcpg" pwodgt" yjgtg" vjqug" uvtgcou" eqpvckp" qxgt" 82'" ctqocvkeu." cpf" vjgkt" wug" kp" tghqtowncvgf" icuqnkpg" ujqwnf" vjgtghqtg" dg" nkokvgf0" " Kpfggf." tgfwevkqp" qh" uwnhwt"kp"fkgugn"hwgnu"cpf"ctqocvkeu"kp"tghqtowncvgf"icuqnkpg"eqpvtkdwvgu"vq"vjg"fgetgcug"qh" gzjcwuv"icu"gokuukqpu"*Uqz."PQz+"ockpn{"j{ftqectdqpu"*JE+"cpf"rctvkewncvg"ocvvgt"*RO+" yjkej"vgpfu"vq"kortqxg"vjg"Egvcpg"pwodgt"qh"fkgugn"hwgn."dwv"yknn"tghngev"pgicvkxgn{"qp"vjg" rgthqtocpeg" qh" icuqnkpg" hwgnu" ukpeg" ctqocvkeu" ctg" vjg" oclqt" eqpvtkdwvqtu" vq" gpjcpeg" vjg" tgugctej"qevcpg"pwodgt0"Jqygxgt."vjg"fgocpf"hqt"wnvtc"nqy"uwnhwt"cpf"ctqocvkeu"eqpvgpv" kp" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" yknn" tghngev" kp" oclqt" eqpugswgpegu" hqt" vjg" tghkpgtkgu" cu" ygnn" cu" ukipkhkecpv"tguqwtegu"yknn"jcxg"vq"dg"eqookvvgf"vq"kortqxg"vjg" j{ftqvtgcvkpi"cpf"ecvcn{vke" pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi" rtqeguugu" cu" ygnn" cu" vq" kpvtqfweg" pgy" cpf" oqtg" fgxgnqrgf" cevkxg" ecvcn{uvu0" C" fgvckngf" tgxkgy" qh" vjg" eqoogtekcnn{" gzkuvkpi" rtqeguugu" qh" ecvcn{vke" pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi" cpf" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" htqo" fkhhgtgpv" curgevu" uwej" cu" ecvcn{uku." hggfuvqemu." qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" cpf" tgcevkqp" pgvyqtm" cu" ygnn" cu" oqfgnkpi" cpf" qrvkok¦cvkqp" yqtm" cejkxgf"kp"vjku"ctgc"ku"tgrqtvgf"kp"vjku"dqqm0"" " " ii " VCDNG"QH"EQPVGPVU" " " " " EJCRVGT" """""""""""""""""""""""""VKVNG" RCIG " " " " " CDUVTCEV" " kk" " VCDNG"QH"EQPVGPVU" " kkk" " NKUV"QH"VCDNGU" " xk" " NKUV"QH"HKIWTGU" " xkkk" " NKUV"QH"CDDTGXKCVKQPU" " z" " " " " 3" KPVTQFWEVKQP" " 3" " 303""" Qkn"Rtqrgtvkgu."Fgocpfu"cpf"Eqpuworvkqpu" " 3" " 304""" Rgvtqngwo"cpf"vjg"Gpgti{" " 5" " 305""" Rtqdngo"Uvcvgogpv" " 8" " 306""" J{rqvjgugu" " :" " " " " 4""" NKVGTCVWTG"TGXKGY" " :" " 403""" Vtcpurqtvcvkqp"Hwgnu"cpf"vjg"Pgy"Vtgpfu" " :" " 404""" Ecvcn{vke"Pcrjvjc"Tghqtokpi"*EPT+" " 33" " """""""" 40403"""" Tgugctej"Qevcpg"Pwodgt"*TQP+" " 33" iii " " 40404"""" Icuqnkpg"Rtqfwevkqp"cpf" " 34" Eqpuworvkqp" " " 40405"""" Oclqt"Tghqtokpi"Tgcevkqpu" " 35" " " 40406"""" Icuqnkpg"cpf"vjg"Gpxktqpogpv" " 36" " " 40407"""" Tghqtokpi"Ecvcn{uvu" " 4:" " " 40408"""" Tghqtokpi"Ecvcn{uv"Uwrrqtvu" " 3;" " " 40409" Fgxgnqrogpv"qh"Tghqtokpi"Ecvcn{uvu"" " 42" " """""""" " 4090403" " 43" " " " 45" " 405" J{ftqvtgcvogpv"Rtqeguugu" " 47" " " 40503" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"Rtqeguu"*JFU+" " 4:" " " 40504" Uwnhwt"cpf"vjg"Gpxktqpogpv" " 53" " " 40505" V{rgu"qh"Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu" " 57" " " 40506" JFU"Tgcevkxkv{"qh"Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu" " 59" " " 40507" JFU"Tgcevkqp"Rcvjyc{u"qh"Fkhhgtgpv" Vkp"*Up+" 4040:"""" Ghhgev"qh"Qrgtcvkpi"Eqpfkvkqpu" " Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu" " 5:" " " " 4050703" Vjkqrjgpgu" " 5;" " " " 4050704" Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"*FDV+" " " cpf"Vjgkt"Cnm{n"Fgtkxcvkxgu" 62" " " 40508" Ghhgev"qh"uwnrjkfcvkqp"rtqeguu" " 65" " " 40509" Ghhgev"qh"Qrgtcvkpi"Eqpfkvkqpu"" " 66" " " 4050:" Ghhgev"qh"Hggfuvqem" " 69" " " 4050;" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"Ecvcn{uvu" " 6;" iv " " " 4050;03" Eq/1Pk/Oq"Dkogvcnnke"JFU" " Uwrrqtvgf"Ecvcn{uvu" " 72" " " 405032" Cxckncdng"Tqwvgu"hqt"WNUF" " 75" " " " 40503203" Xct{kpi"qh"JFU"Uwrrqtv" " 75" " " " 40503204" Okzgf"qh"Fkhhgtgpv"Qzkfgu" " 76" " " " 40503205" ¥gqnkvgu" Okzgf" " 77" " " " 40503206" Fgxgnqrkpi"qh"Cnvgtpcvkxg" cpf" ¥gqnkvgu" " Ogvjqfu"cpf" " 79" Vgejpqnqikgu" " " " 40503207" Vtk/ogvcnnke"JFU"Ecvcn{uv"""" " 82" " " " 40503208" JFU"PGDWNC"Ecvcn{uv" " 84" " " " 40503209" Qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"Qrgtcvkpi" " " Eqpfkvkqpu"qh"JFU" 87" Rtqeguu" " 406" J{rqvjgugu"kp"hkpfkpi"uqnwvkqpu"" " 96" 5" " EQPENWUKQPU"CPF"TGEQOGPFCVKQPU" " 98" " " 503" Eqpenwukqpu" " 98" " " 504" Tgeqoogpfcvkqpu"cpf"Hwvwtg"Yqtm" " 9:" " :2" TGHGTGPEGU" " " " " " " " " " v " NKUV"QH"VCDNGU" " " " VCDNG"PQ" VKVNG" " 303" " RCIG " Yqtnf"gpgti{"eqpuworvkqp"d{"hwgn"v{rg"*ewttgpv"cpf" " 37 hqtgecuv+"3"Swcftknnkqp"?"3,32 "" 403" Ejctcevgtkuvkeu"qh"Rgvtqngwo"Vtcpurqtvcvkqp"Hwgnu" 4 " Qknu" 35 404" Tgikqpcn"Octmgvu"hqt"Icuqnkpg" " 405" Ockp"Gzjcwuv"Icu"Eqpvcokpcpvu"cpf"Vjgkt"Ghhgevu" " *Tquukpk."4225+" 406" 3; Fkhhgtgpv"J{ftqvtgcvogpv"Wpkv"Qrgtcvkqpu"Gzkuv"kp"vjg" " Qkn"Tghkpgt{"*Uqpi"et al.,"4222+" 407" 38 54 Eqoogtekcn"Vgejpqnqikgu"qh"JFU"Qrgtcvkqp"*Cpvcnhh{" " 55 et al0."4224+0" 408" V{rkecn" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" Qrgtcvkpi" Eqpfkvkqpu" " Wugf"kp"Kpfwuvt{" 57 409" WU"GRC"uwnhwt"twngu"hqt"jkij"yc{"cpf"pqp"tqcf"fkgugn" " 58 40:" Uvcpfctfu"urgekhkecvkqp"hqt"Fkgugn"hwgn"hqt"vjg"Ncuv" 40;" V{rgu"qh"Qticpke"Uwnhwt"Eqpvckpkpi"Eqorqwpfu"kp" " cpf"Eqokpi"[gctu" 5: " Rgvtqngwo"cpf"Kvu"Rtqfwevu" 62 4032" JFU" Uvwfkgu" qh" Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" d{" Ukpijcn" et al." " 4033" Tgswktgf"Kpetgcug"kp"Ecvcn{uv"Cevkxkv{"cpf"Tgcevqt" *3;:3+0" 67 " Vgorgtcvwtg"hqt"WN/JFU" 4034" Uwooct{" qh" Kpvgpukxgn{" Wugf" Ecvcn{uv" *Bi-metallic+" " cv"xctkqwu"qrgtcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu"hqt"vjg"Ncuv"Fgecfg" 4035" 72 78 Cnvgtpcvkxg"cpf"Kortqxgf"Uwrrqtvu"hqt"Ogvcn"Uwnhkfgu" " Ecvcn{uvu" 82 vi 4036" Fgxgnqrogpvu"kp"Uwnhwt"Tgoqxcn"Kpfwuvtkcn"Rtqeguugu" " cpf"Vgejpkswgu" 86 4037" Kortqxgogpv" qh" Gzkuvkpi" Rtgrctcvkqp" Ogvjqfu" cpf" " 4038" Uwooct{"qh"Tgegpvn{"cxckncdng"tqwvgu"cpf"wugf" Wug"qh"Pgy"Gngogpvu" 8: ecvcn{uvu"hqt"WNNUF" 93 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " vii " NKUV"QH"HKIWTGU" " " " " HKIWTG"PQ" VKVNG" RCIG " " " 303" Yqtnf"Octmgvgf"Gpgti{"Wug"d{"Hwgn"V{rg."3;:2/ " 304" Eqpuworvkqp"qh"Qkn"Rtqfwevu"" " 305" Tgugctej"Ueqrg"Knnwuvtcvgu"Vjg"Igpgtcnk¦gf" " 4252"" 4 7 Uejgogu"Qh"Vjg"Uvgru"Kpxqnxgf"Kp"Vjku"Tgugctej" Rncp" 403" 33 Ecvcn{vke"Tghqtokpi"Tgcevkqpu"Pgvyqtm"Tgrtgugpvu" " d{"p/E:"cu"c"Oqfgn"Eqorqwpf0" 404" Gpxktqpogpvcn"Tgncvkqpujkru"dgvyggp"TQP." 3: " Ctqocvkeu"cpf"Fkhhgtgpv"Tguqwtegu"qh"Qevcpg" Dqquvgtu"*Uvkmmgtu."4224+0" 405" J{ftqvtgcvkpi"Rtqeguugu"kp"c"Oqfgtp"Rgvtqngwo" 43 " 53 Tghkpgt{"jvvr<11gp0ykmkrgfkc0qti1ykmk1Qknatghkpgt{+0" 406" Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu"Kp"Eqoogtekcn"Icuqnkpg."Lgv"Hwgn" " Cpf"Fkgugn"Hwgn"Kfgpvkhkgf"d{"IE/HRF"Cpcn{uku" Eqwrngf"Ykvj"IE/OU"*Oc"et al.,"4224+0" 407" 63 Tgncvkqpujkru"dgvyggp"vjg"Tgcevkxkv{"cpf"vjg"Uk¦g"qh" " Uwnhwt"Eqpvckpkpi"Oqfgn"Eqorqwpfu"*Uqpi"et al.," 4224+" 64 408" Vjkqrjgpg"Tgcevkqp"Rcvjyc{u" " 65 409" Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu"tgcevkqp"Ugswgpvkcn"ogejcpkuo" " 67 40:" Rctcnngn"Rcvjyc{"Ogejcpkuou" " 67 40;" Tgncvkxg"Xqnwog"qh"Ecvcn{uv"Dgf"Tgswktgf"hqt" " Cvvckpkpi"Nqy"Ngxgnu"qh"Fkgugn"Uwnhwt"Wukpi" Eqpxgpvkqpcn"JFU"ecvcn{uv"*Uqpi"cpf"Z0"Oc."4225+" viii 72 4032" IE"Rtqhkng"qh"Tgcn"Hggf"Uvqem"*Nkijv"Icu"Qkn+"*Mcdg" " 74 et al.,"3;;5+" 4033" Ejcpigu"Kp"Tgockpkpi"Coqwpv"qh"Uwnhwt"Kp" Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu"Ykvj"Vgorgtcvwtg<" Ogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg="Qvjgt"" Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu=" " "6/ "E3/ 6."8/ Fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg=" Qvjgt"E4/ Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu" 4034" 74 Ukornkhkgf"DFU"uwnhwt/tgoqxcn"qh"FDV" " 84 4035" Dcuke"pgvyqtm"hqt"QFU"qh"FDV" " 85 4036" Tgncvkxg"Cevkxkv{"qh"vjg"Pgy"Igpgtcvkqp"qh"JFU" " Ecvcn{uvu"Eqorctgf"vq"V{rkecn"Eq/Oq1Cn4Q5"Ecvcn{uv" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ix 89 " NKUV"QH"CDDTGXKCVKQPU" " " " " DV" /" Dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" EFHC" /" Engcp"Fkgugn"Hwgn"Cnnkcpeg" EPT" /" Ecvcn{vke"Pcrjvjc"Tghqokpi" FDV" /" Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" FFU" /" Fktgev"Fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" FOFDV" /" Fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" FQG" /" Fgukip"qh"Gzrgtkogpv" FXu" /" Fkgugn"Xgjkengu" GKC" /" Gpgti{"Kphqtocvkqp"Cfokpkuvtcvkqp" HEE" /" Hnwkf"Ecvcn{vke"Etcemkpi" JE" /" J{ftqectdqpu" JFO" /" J{ftqfgogvcnk¦cvkqp" JFP" /" J{ftqfgpkvtqigpvckqp" JFU" /" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" J[" /" j{ftqigpqn{uku" J[F" /" J{ftqigpcvkqp" J¥UO" /" J{ftqigp"¥gqnkvgu"Uqeqp{"Oqdkn" KGC" /" Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Gpgti{"Cigpe{" Kor0" /" Kortgipcvkqp"ogvjqf" NFXu" /" nkijv"fwv{"xgjkengu" NJUX" /" Nkswkf"Jqwtn{"Urceg"Xgnqekv{" NUF" /" nqy"uwnhwt"fkgugn" OFDV" /" Ogvj{ngfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" p/DFU" /" Pqtocn"dw{{ngfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" QFU" /" qzkfcvkxg"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" RKQPC" /" RO32" /" Rctchhkpu"Kuqogtu"Qnghkpu"Pcrjvjgpgu" Ctqocvkeu" rctvkewncvgu"ocvvgt" x TQP" /"" Tgugctej"Qevcpg"Pwodgt" TUO" /" Tgurqpug"Uwthceg"Ogvjqfqnqi{" UCPP" " Uvcvguvkecn"Ctvkhkekcn"Pgwtcn"Pgvyqtm" UT" /" Uvtckijv"Twp" UTIQ" /" Uvtckijv"Twp"Icu"Qkn" WNUF" /" wnvtc"nqy"uwnhwt"fkgugn" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " xi " EJCRVGT"3" " KPVTQFWEVKQP" " " " " 303" Qkn="Rtqrgtvkgu."Fgocpfu"cpf"Eqpuworvkqpu"" " " Etwfg"qkn"ku"vjg"oquv"uwrrnkgf"uqwteg"qh"gpgti{."rctvkewnctn{"cu"c"dcuku"qh"nkswkf"hwgnu" ukpeg" kv" uwrrnkgu" wr" vq" 62'" qh" vqvcn" gpgti{" eqpuworvkqp" kp" vjg" yqtnf0" " Kpfggf." vjg" ykfgurtgcf"wug"qh"qkn"qxgt"vjg"rcuv"egpvwt{"okijv"ygnn"ecnngf"vjg"qkn"egpvwt{"*Dgg."3;;5+0" Vjg"inqdcn"gpgti{"eqpuworvkqp"qh"etwfg"qkn"ku"guvkocvgf"vq"dg"qxgt"472"swcftknnkqp"DVW"d{" {gct" 42520" Cu" ujqyp" kp" Hkiwtg" 303." Gpgti{" Kphqtocvkqp" Cfokpkuvtcvkqp." GKC." *4224+" rtgfkevu"vjcv"etwfg"qkn"yknn"uwrrn{"oquv"qh"vjg"gpgti{"wugf="ewttgpv"cpf"hqtgecuv"hqt"vjg"pgzv" hkhv{"{gctu"*Mqpvqtqxkej."422;+0"Eqpugswgpvn{."etwfg"qkn"cpf"kvu"rgvtqngwo"rtqfwevu"ctg"uvknn" vjg" fqokpcpv" uqwteg" qh" gpgti{" ykvj" tgurgev" vq" qvjgt" hwgnu" k0g0" pcvwtcn" icu." eqcn" cpf" tgpgycdng" gpgti{" *uqnct" gpgti{" cpf" ykpf" gpgti{+0" " Kp" cffkvkqp." rgvtqngwo" rtqfwevu" cnuq" uvknn" eqpukfgt" cu" c" xgt{" korqtvcpv" hggfuvqem" hqt" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" cpf" rgvtqejgokecn" kpfwuvt{" cpf" rnc{" mg{" tqng" kp" vjg" gpxktqogpvcn" uegpctkq0" Vcdng" 303" rtgugpvu" vjg" yqtnf" gpgti{"eqpuworvkqp"d{"hwgn"v{rg"ewttgpv"cpf"hqtgecuv"*GKC."4224+0" " " " " " " 1 " " Hkiwtg"303""""Yqtnf"Octmgvgf"Gpgti{"Wug"d{"Hwgn"V{rg."3;:2/42520"*Cppwcn"Gpgti{" Qwvnqqm."422;+"" " Vcdng" 303<" Yqtnf" gpgti{" eqpuworvkqp" d{" hwgn" v{rg" *ewttgpv" cpf" hqtgecuv+" 3" Swcftknnkqp" ?" 3,3237"*GKC."4224+" " Gpgti{"eqpuworvkqp"*swcfu+" """"""""""""""""""""""Cevwcn" Tguqwteg1[gct" 3;;7" 3;;8" 4222" 4227" 4232" 4237" Rgvtqngwo" 5609" 5802" 5909" 6206" 6408" 6603" Icu" 4405" 4408" 450;" 4805" 4:0:" 530;" Eqcn" 3;09" 420:" 4405" 4603" 4804" 4;02" Pwengct" 904" 904" 908" 906" 80;" 609" J{ftq" 506" 602" 503" 504" 504" 504" Qvjgt" 504" 505" 509" 602" 60:" 704" " " Rtqlgevgf" 2 Kv" ku" dgnkgxgf" vjcv" kp" tgegpv" {gctu." vjg" cxgtcig" swcnkv{" qh" etwfg" qkn" jcu" ejcpigf" eqpukfgtcdn{" cpf" ftcocvkecnn{" dgeqog" yqtug0" Jqygxgt." vjg" ewttgpv" etwfg" qknu" kp" vjg" tghkpgt{" ctg" swkvg" fkhhgtgpv" kp" eqorqukvkqp" kp" vgtou" qh" ejgokecn" uvtwevwtg" cpf" rj{ukecn" rtqrgtvkgu" vq" vjqug" cxckncdng" qhqwv" 52" {gctu" ciq" *Cpejg{vc" et al0." 4224+0" Kp" hcev" vjg" cxckncdng" etwfg" qknu" vqfc{" ctg" c" nkvvng" jgcxkgt" cu" vjg{" jcxg" jkijgt" rtqrqtvkqpu" qh" pqp/ xqncvkng" *vct+" eqpuvkvwgpvu0" Ceeqtfkpi" vq" ncuv" fgecfg." oquv" qh" vjg" etwfgu" kp" wug" cv" vjg" tghkpgtkgu"pqycfc{u"yqwnf"jcxg"dggp"encuukhkgf"cu"jgcx{"tcy"ocvgtkcnu0"Vjku"ku"tghngevgf" kp" c" rtqitguukxg" fgetgcug" kp" CRK" itcxkv{" *k0g0." kpetgcug" kp" fgpukv{+" cpf" c" tkug" kp" uwnhwt" eqpvgpv"kp"vjg"htcevkqpcvgf"rtqfwevu"wugf"cu"hwgnu0"Hqt"gzcorng."vjg"cxgtcig"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv" qh"cnn"etwfg"qknu"tghkpgf"kp"vjg"Wpkvgf"Uvcvgu"ftcocvkecnn{"kpetgcugf"htqo"20:;"yv0"'"kp"3;:3" vq"3064"yv0"'"kp"4223."yjkng"CRK"itcxkv{"fgetgcugf"htqo"55096" CRK"kp"3;:3"vq"5206;" CRK" 4223"*Qnugp"cpf"Tco¦gn."3;;4="Rgppgt et al.."3;:4="Urgkijv."4233c+0""Wphqtvwpcvgn{."vjg" vgpfgpe{"hqt"vjg"swcnkv{"qh"etwfg"qkn"hggfuvqem"vq"fgvgtkqtcvg"yknn"eqpvkpwqwun{"kpetgcug0"Kp" hcev"ejcpigu"kp"vjg"u{pvjguku."cu"vtgpf"qh"jgcxkgt"ocvgtkcn."tgswktg"cflwuvogpvu"qh"tghkpgt{" qrgtcvkqpu"vq"jcpfng"vjg"jgcxkgt"etwfg"qkn"kp"qtfgt"vq"tgfweg"vjg"coqwpv"qh"korwtkvkgu"uwej" cu"uwnhwt."pkvtqigp."jgcx{"ogvcnu"cpf"eqmg"fwtkpi"vtgcvogpv"*Urgkijv."4233c."4233d+0" " " 304" Rgvtqngwo"cpf"vjg"Gpgti{"" " " " Igpgtcnn{." qkn" dcugf" htcevkqpu=" icuqnkpg." lgv" hwgn" cpf" fkgugn" ctg" uwrrn{kpi" hwgn" hqt" cwvqoqdkngu."vtwemu."vtcevqtu."ujkru"cpf"rncpgu0"Cnuq."fqoguvke"mgtqugpg."pcvwtcn"icu"cpf" hwgn" qkn" ctg" ockpn{" wugf" vq" jgcv" jqogu" cpf" eqoogtekcn" dwknfkpiu" cpf" vq" igpgtcvg" gngevtkekv{0"Hwtvjgt."rgvtqejgokecn"rtqfwevu"ctg"vjg"tcy"ocvgtkcnu"wugf"hqt"vjg"ocpwhcevwtg" qh" u{pvjgvke" hkdgtu" hqt" enqvjkpi" cpf" kp" rncuvkeu." rckpvu." hgtvknk¦gtu." kpugevkekfgu." uqcru." cpf" u{pvjguku" twddgt0" Kp" vjku" tgurgev." etwfg" qkn" cpf" rgvtqejgokecnu" ctg" gzvtgogn{" rnc{kpi" c" xgt{"ukipkhkecpv"vcum"kp"cp{"gpgti{"uegpctkq."gurgekcnn{"vjqug"uegpctkqu"vjcv"tgncvgf"vq"vjg" rtqfwevkqp"qh"nkswkf"vtcpurqtvcvkqp"hwgnu"*Urgkijv."4233c."4233d+0""" " " " Vjg" fgocpf" hqt" rgvtqngwo" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" jcu" dggp" kpetgcukpi" kp" oquv" eqwpvtkgu"hqt"vjg"rcuv"vjtgg"fgecfgu0"Jqygxgt."vjg"fgocpf"hqt"uwej"hwgnu"yknn"eqpvkpwqwun{" kpetgcug"fwg"vq"vjg"itqyvj"qh"vjg"pwodgt"qh"cwvqoqdkng"cpf"cwvqoqvkxg"qypgtu"coqpi"vjg """"""""""""""""" " 3 yqtnf0" Cduqnwvgn{." rgvtqngwo" hqt" vjg" eqokpi" vyq" vq" vjtgg" fgecfgu" yknn" eqpvkpwg" vq" rnc{" c" oclqt" tqng" kp" ucvkuh{kpi" vjg" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgn" octmgv" fgocpf0" Mggrkpi" kp" okpf." Hwgn" eqpuworvkqp."gpgti{"ghhkekgpe{."ckt"swcnkv{"ctg"qh"eqpegtp"pqycfc{u0"Jqygxgt."qkn"dcugf" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" vjcv" ecp" pqy" dg" rtqfwegf" eqorn{" ykvj" uvtkpigpv" gpxktqpogpvcn" uvcpfctfu"*Hcjko"et al.,"4232c="Urgkijv."4233c."4233d+0" " " " Tgegpvn{."vjgtg"ku"c"jwig"itqyvj"hqt"wvknk¦cvkqp"qh"cwvqoqvkxg"nkswkf"hwgnu"yqtnfykfg." vjg"ocvwtg"fkgugn"octmgv"kp"Gwtqrg."vjg"ocuukxg"eqpuworvkqp"qh" oqvqt"icuqnkpg"kp"Pqtvj" Cogtkec" cpf" vjg" jwig" pgyn{" itqykpi" hwgn" octmgv" kp" Ejkpc0" Eqpugswgpvn{." vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" kp" Pqtvj" Cogtkec" eqpuvkvwvg" oqtg" vjcp" ;2'" qh" qkn" eqpuworvkqp0" Vjg" oclqtkv{" qh" xgjkengu" kp" vjku" tgikqp" ctg" NFXu" *Nkijv" Fwv{" Xgjkengu+" ykvj" icuqnkpg" kpvgtpcn" gpikpgu0" Jqygxgt." oqvqt" icuqnkpg" fgocpf" kp" Pqtvj" Cogtkec" ceeqwpvu" hqt" wr" vq" 82'" qh" vtcpurqtv" hwgnu"fgocpf"yjgtgcu"fkgugn"eqpuvkvwvgu"42'"*Hcjko, et al.."4232d+0"Qp"vjg"qvjgt"jcpf." Ejkpc" ku" c" oclqt" qkn" dcugf" hwgnu" eqpuworvkqp" ¦qpg0" Pq" fqwdv" vjcv" icuqnkpg" yknn" itqy" vq" 504;"od1f"d{"4247"cpf"fkgugn"yknn"hqnnqy"ykvj"c"fgocpf"qh"4025"od1f0"Pgxgtvjgnguu."fwg"vq" vjg"jkij"tcvg"qh"itqyvj"kp"hwgn"fgocpf"kp"Ejkpc."tghkpkpi"kpfwuvt{"jcu"vq"kpxguv"jgcxkn{"vq" oggv"vjg"ujctr"tckug"kp"vtcpurqtv"hwgnu"eqpuworvkqp0"Cp"guvkocvgf"kpxguvogpv"kp"vjg"tcpig" qh"WU"&6"dknnkqp"vq"WU&"58"dknnkqp"ku"pggfgf"vq"ucvkuh{"vjg"hwgn"octmgv"fgocpf"*Dgg."3;;5=" Hcjko"et al.,"4232d="Urgkijv."4233d+0"Hkiwtgu"304"c."d."e."f"ujqy"vjg"tgikqpcn"octmgvu"hqt" icuqnkpg"cpf"rcvvgtpu"qh"qkn"rtqfwevu"eqorqukvkqp"hqt"fkhhgtgpv"tgikqpu0" " 4 " " Hkiwtgu"304"""Eqpuworvkqp"qh"Qkn"Rtqfwevu"*Cppwcn"Gpgti{"Qwvnqqm."422;+" " " Cu" c" tguwnv" qh" vjg" itqykpi" cyctgpguu" qh" jwocpkv{" vq" vjg" rqvgpvkcn" fcocig" vq" vjg" vgttguvtkcn" gequ{uvgo." c" hwgn" tgxqnwvkqp" ku" vcmkpi" rnceg" $tghqtowncvgf" hwgnu" $0" Vjgug" hwgnu" ctg"fghkpgf"qp"vjg"dcuku"qh"ejgokecn"eqorqukvkqp"ykvj"rgthqtocpeg"uvcpfctfu"tcvjgt"vjcp" dgjcxkqt0"Vjg"GRC"cpf"iqxgtpogpv" tgiwncvkqpu"kp"ocp{"eqwpvtkgu" ecnn"hqt"vjg"rtqfwevkqp" cpf"wug"qh"oqtg"gpxktqpogpvcnn{"htkgpfn{"vtcpurqtvcvkqp"hwgnu"ykvj"nqygt"eqpvgpvu"qh"uwnhwt" kp"fkgugn"hwgn"cpf"ctqocvkeu"kp"icuqnkpg"hwgn"*Uqpi"cpf"Oc."4225+0" " " " 5 Oqtg"tgegpvn{."yqtnfykfg"urgekhkecvkqpu"jcxg"nkokvgf"uwnhwt"cpf"ctqocvkeu"eqpvgpv"kp" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" vq" qpn{" 20227" '" d{" yv0" qh" uwnhwt" hqt" fkgugn" hwgn" cpf" 42'" yv0" '" qh" ctqocvkeu"hqt"icuqnkpg"cpf"vjku"yknn"dg"hwtvjgt"tgfwegf"hqt"fkgugn"vq"202237"'"d{"yv0"kp"vjg" {gct"4234"cpf"vq">"32"rroyv"kp"vjg"pgct"hwvwtg"*Hcjko"et al.,"4232d="Urgkijv."4233d+0"Cu"c" tguwnv"qh"kpukuvgpeg"qp"nqy"uwnhwt"cpf"ctqocvkeu"vtcpurqtvcvkqp"hwgnu."ocp{"vgejpqnqikgu"ctg" cxckncdng"qp"vjg"octmgv"cfftguukpi"vjg"rtqdngo"qh"uwnhwt"tgoqxcn"cpf"ctqocvkeu"tgfwevkqp" kp" fkhhgtgpv" yc{u0" J{ftqfguwnrjwtk¦cvkqp" *JFU+" cpf" tgegpvn{" vjg" qzkfcvkxg" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" *QFU+" cu" ygnn" cu" dkqecvcn{vke" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" *DFU+" vgejpqnqikgu" jcxg" gogtigf" cu" korqtvcpv" rtqeguukpi" wpkvu" qh" cp{" tghkpgt{" cpf" gpikpggtkpi" " tgugctej" kpuvkvwvgu" hqt" yjkej" kpvgtguv" ku" htgswgpvn{" tgpgygf" fwg" vq" oqtg" uvtkpigpv" hwgn" urgekhkecvkqpu" hqtegf" yqtnfykfg0" Cnqpi"ykvj"vjcv."ecvcn{vke"pcrjvjc"tghqtokpi"*EPT+"rtqeguu"cnuq"ickpgf"owej"cvvgpvkqp"ncuv" fgecfgu" hqt" vjg" rwtrqug" qh" ctqocvkeu" tgfwevkqp" rctvkewnctn{" dgp¦gpg" kp" icuqnkpg" hwgn0" Kp" vjku" tgictf." htgswgpv" tgugctej" uvwfkgu" ygtg" eqpfwevgf" qp" vjg" fgxgnqrogpv" qh" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi"rtqeguu="fkhhgtgpv"rtqoqvgtu"cpf"ogvjqfu"hqt"vjg"rtgrctcvkqp"cpf"fgxgnqrogpv" qh" v{rkecn" eqpxgpvkqpcn" ecvcn{uv" cu" ygnn" cu" pgy" igpgtcvkqp" qh" pqp/eqpxgpvkqpcn" ecvcn{uv" ygtg"gzrnqtgf"cpf"gornq{gf"*Tquukpk."4225+0" " " 305" Rtqdngo"Uvcvgogpv" " " Icu" qkn" htcevkqpu" jcxg" fkhhgtgpv" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" kp" ocp{" hqtou" kpenwfkpi" vjkqnu." uwnhkfgu." vjkqrjgpgu" cpf" vjkqrjgpg" fgtkxcvkxgu<" dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" *DV+." fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" *FDV+." cpf" vjgkt" cnm{n" fgtkxgf" cu" 6/Ogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" *OFDV+0" Gcej" qh" vjgug" eqorqwpfu" jcu" kvu" qyp" tcvg" qh" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp0" Jqygxgt." JFU" rtqeguu" ku" jkijn{" ghhkekgpv" hqt" vjg" tgoqxcn" qh" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" uwej" cu" vjkqnu." uwnhkfgu" cpf" vjkqrjgpg." dwv" nguu" ghhgevkxg" hqt" tgoqxkpi" vjkqrjgpg" fgtkxcvkxgu0" Kp" cffkvkqp." vjg" kpjkdkvkpi" ghhgevu" qh" eq/ gzkuvkpi"rqn{ctqocvkeu"cpf"pkvtqigp"eqorqwpfu"kp"vjg"hggf"cu"ygnn"cu"J4U"kp"vjg"rtqfwev" ocmg" vjg" fggr" JFU" qh" fkgugn" uvtgcou" dgeqog" yqtug0" Kp" qvjgt" yqtfu." fggr" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" vq" wnvtc" nqy/uwnhwt" ngxgnu" ku" fkhhkewnv" vq" cejkgxg" ykvj" vjg" ewttgpvn{" gornq{gf" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" dkogvcnnke" ecvcn{uvu" *Pk/1Eq/Oq1Y+0" Jqygxgt." vjgug" dkogvcnnke" ecvcn{uv"u{uvgou"jcxg"tgrqtvgf."vjg{"jcxg"ygcmpguugu"vjcv"cv"uqog"uvcigu"pqv"ghhkekgpv"vq" tgoqxg"jkij"tghtcevqt{"jkpfgtgf"uwnhwt"eqorqwpfu"wpfgt"vjg"v{rkecn"qrgtcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu0"" " " 6 " Ogcpyjkng." ejcpigu" kp" icuqnkpg" urgekhkecvkqpu" jcxg" kpetgcugf" vjg" qdnkicvkqpu" qp" vjg"tghkpgt{"u{uvgo"igpgtcnn{0"Fwtkpi"vjg"rtqfwevkqp"qh"icuqnkpg"hwgn."nqpigt"ejckp"uvtgcou" E8/E34"tghqtogf"kp"EPT"rtqeguu"ecnngf"tghqtocvgu"jcxg"jkij/qevcpg"pwodgt"yjgtg"vjqug" uvtgcou" eqpvckp" qxgt" 82'" ctqocvkeu." cpf" vjgkt" wug" kp" tghqtowncvgf" icuqnkpg" ujqwnf" vjgtghqtg"dg"nkokvgf0"Vjgtghqtg."vjg"cvvgpvkqp"qh"tghkpgtkgu"jcu"dggp"ujkhvgf"vq"qvjgt"uqwtegu" qh"qevcpg"rqkpvu0"Htqo"vgejpkecn"cpf"gpxktqpogpvcn"uvcpf"rqkpv."vjg"hwgn"ejctcevgtkuvkeu"qh" dtcpejgf" ejckp" cnmcpgu" *kuqogtu+" ctg" dgvvgt" vjcp" e{enke" j{ftqectdqpu" *ctqocvkeu+" ukpeg" vjg{" ctg" geqnqikecnn{" htkgpfnkgt" kp" eqorctkuqp" vq" ctqocvke" j{ftqectdqpu" cpf" vjgkt" qevcpg" pwodgt" ku" cnuq" jkijgt." ocmkpi" vjg" hwgn" oqtg" ghhkekgpv" hqt" eqodwuvkqp0" Jqygxgt." vjg" ugngevkxkv{"vqyctfu"dtcpejgf"j{ftqectdqpu"*kuqogtu+"ku"nkokvgf"qxgt"vjg"ewttgpvn{"wugf"Rv/ Tg"ecvcn{uv"fwg"vq"ownvkrng"eqorgvkvkxg"tghqtokpi"tgcevkqpu0""Kpfggf."vjg"cdqxg"ftcydcem" ecp" dg" cxqkf" d{" fgxgnqrkpi" cp" ghhgevkxg" ecvcn{uv" u{uvgou" qt" d{" ogcpu" qh" vjg" korngogpvcvkqp" qh" qrvkok¦cvkqp" vqqnu" vjtqwij" ocpkrwncvkqp" qh" vjg" rtqeguu" eqpfkvkqpu" kp" qtfgt"vq"cvvckp"engcp"hwgn"vjcv"hwnn"hkv"vjg"octmgv"cpf"gpxktqpogpvcn"tgswktgogpvu0"Vjgtghqtg." vjku" tgxkgy" dqqm" hqewu" qp" vjg" rcuv." tgegpv" cpf" hwvwtg" rtqurgevkxgu" qh" rgvtqngwo" nkswkf" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" cpf" vjg" rtqfwevkqp" cpf" eqpuworvkqp" ejcnngpigu" qp" gpgti{" cpf" gpxktqpogpv"uegpctkqu0""" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 7 " EJCRVGT"4" " NKVGTCVWTG"TGXKGY" " " " " 403" Vtcpurqtvcvkqp"Hwgnu"cpf"vjg"Pgy"Vtgpfu"" " " Igpgtcnn{."vjg"oquv"ykfgn{"wugf"gpgti{"d{"jwocpu"ku"rtqfwegf"htqo"etwfg"qkn"ykvj" uocnn" coqwpvu" qh" qvjgt" gpgti{" eqokpi" htqo" pcvwtcn" icu." pwengct" cpf" tgpgycdng" gpgti{0" Jqygxgt." vjg" eqorqukvkqp" qh" Etwfg" qkn" ocvgtkcnu" kupÓv" wpkhqto" ukpeg" kv" eqortkugu" qh" c" okzvwtg" qh" xktvwcnn{" jwpftgfu" qh" fkhhgtgpv" eqorqwpfu0" Guugpvkcnn{." j{ftqectdqpu" ctg" vjg" ockp" eqpuvkvwgpvu" qh" vjgug" eqorqwpf" cpf" ceeqwpv" hqt" wr" vq" ;9'" qh" vjg" vqvcn" ocuu0" Pgxgtvjgnguu." vjgug" eqorngz" eqorqwpfu" wuwcnn{" eqpvckp" uqog" coqwpvu" qh" pkvtqigp." qz{igp"cpf"uwnhwt/eqpvckpkpi"eqorqwpfu"cu"ygnn"cu"vtceg"coqwpvu"qh"ogvcnu"cu"korwtkvkgu0" Oqtgqxgt."fkuvknncvkqp"qh"etwfg"qkn"{kgnfu"ugxgtcn"htcevkqpu."yjkej"ctg"vjgp"wugf"hqt"fkhhgtgpv" rwtrqugu0"" " " Ogcpyjkng."vjg"ockp"wucig"qh"rgvtqngwo"rtqfwevu"ku"hqt"vtcpurqtvcvkqp"hwgnu"*Ict{" cpf" Jcpfygtm." 3;;6=" Oc{q" et al.," 4223=" Juw." et al0." 4222=" Uqpi." 4222+0" " Vcdng" 403" rtgugpvu" vjg" vjtgg" ockp" vtcpurqtv" hwgnu" k0g0" icuqnkpg." mgtqugpg" cpf" fkgugn0" Kpfggf." vjg" oquv" korqtvcpv" ejctcevgtkuvke" qh" vjgug" hwgnu" ku" vjgkt" nkswkf" uvcvg" cv" codkgpv" vgorgtcvwtg." vjgtghqtg"vjg{"ctg"gcu{"vq"uvqtg."gcu{"vq"fkuvtkdwvg"kp"dwnm"d{"tqcf."tckn"qt"rkrg"nkpgu0"Cu"c" tguwnv."vjku"cfxcpvcig"ocmgu"kv"oqtg"hcxqtcdng"cu"hwgn"ykvj"tgurgev"vq"pcvwtcn"icu"cpf"qvjgt" hwgnu"*Uqpi."4222+0"" " " " " " " 8 Vcdng"403<""Ejctcevgtkuvkeu"qh"Rgvtqngwo"Vtcpurqtvcvkqp"Hwgnu"Qknu"" " " " " " " " " " " " Hwgn" Dqknkpi" Mg{" Ockp"Rtqeguu" Tcpig"qE" rtqrgtvkgu" " " " " " Icuqnkpg" >"422" Qevcpg"pwodgt Ecvcn{vke"tghqtokpi."HEE." Cnm{ncvkqp" " " " " " Mgtqugpg" " " " " " " " 422/472" Uoqmg"rqkpv" UT"*JFU+."JE" " " " " " Fkgugn" 472/572" Egvcpg"pwodgt UT"*JFU+."JE" " " " " Icuqnkpg" cpf" Fkgugn" hwgnu" ctg" eqpukfgtgf" cu" vjg" oquv" korqtvcpv" rtqfwevu" cv" qkn" tghkpgtkgu0" Vjg{" eqortkug" qh" fkhhgtgpv" eqorqwpfu" vjcv" ecp" igpgtcnn{" dg" encuukhkgf" kpvq" nkpgct"cpf"e{enke"rctchhkp"j{ftqectdqp"itqwru"ykvj"c"ectdqp"cvqo"htqo"8"vq"42"cpf"dqknkpi" tcpig"qh":2/562qE0"Icuqnkpg"hwgn"ku"eqpukfgtgf"vjg"oquv"korqtvcpv"rtqfwev"cv"qkn"tghkpgtkgu0" Kv" eqortkugu" qh" fkhhgtgpv" eqorqwpfu" vjcv" ecp" igpgtcnn{" dg" encuukhkgf" kpvq" j{ftqectdqp" itqwru"qh"rctchhkpu."ctqocvkeu"cpf"qnghkpu0"Jqygxgt."cnn"qh"vjg"tghqtokpi"tgcevkqpu"rtqfweg" j{ftqigp." yjkej" ku" xgt{" xcnwcdng" rtqfwev" ukpeg" kv" ku" wugf" kp" j{ftq/etcemkpi" cpf" j{ftq/ vtgcvkpi"wpkvu"vq"tgoqxg"uwnhwt."qz{igp"cpf"pkvtqigp0"" " " C"hkpcn"cpf"etkvkecn"uvgr"ku"vjg"dngpfkpi"qh"vjg"rtqfwevu"vq"igv"icuqnkpg"cpf"vq"gpuwtg" vjcv" vjg" dngpf" jcu" vjg" tkijv" qevcpg" ngxgn." xcrqt" rtguuwtg" tcvkpi" cpf" qvjgt" korqtvcpv" urgekhkecvkqpu"kp"vjg"icuqnkpg"rqqn0"Jqygxgt."pgy"vtgpf"kp"tghqtowncvgf"icuqnkpg"rtqfwegf" htqo"ecvcn{vke"pcrjvjc"tghqtokpi"rtqeguu"tgswktgu"vjg"fgetgcug" qh"ctqocvkeu"kp"rctvkewnct" dgp¦gpg"eqpvgpv"kp"tghqtocvgu"yjkng"ockpvckpkpi"jkij"qevcpg"pwodgt0"Jqygxgt."cv""""" " " 9 rtgugpv." rtqfwevkqp" qh" tghqtowncvgf" icuqnkpg" ykvj" nqy" eqpvgpv" qh" dgp¦gpg" ku" qpg" qh" vjg" ockp"ejcnngpigu"kp"vjg"rgvtqejgokecn"kpfwuvt{0" " Kpfggf." engcp" fkgugn" jcu" dggp" ujqyp" hqt" oqtg" vjcp" c" fgecfg" vq" gpjcpeg" gpgti{" ghhkekgpe{"cpf"vjgtgd{"eqpvtkdwvg"vq"ectdqp"gokuukqp"okvkicvkqp0"Pqv"nqpi."vjg"pgy"vtgpf"hqt" vjg"wug"qh"fkgugn"hwgn"kp"fkgugn"gpikpgu"ku"c"rtqeguu"mpqyp"cu"fkgugnk¦cvkqp0""Kp"hcev."Kv"ku"c" rtqeguu" kp" yjkej" vjg" xgjkeng" hnggv" ku" vtcpuhqtogf" htqo" vjg" icuqnkpg" gpikpg" qrgtcvgf" xgjkengu" vq" fkgugn" qpg" rctvkewnctn{" ykvj" *NFXu+0" Jqygxgt." vjgtg" ctg" ugxgtcn" hcevqtu" ctg" eqpvtkdwvkpi" kp" hcxqt" qh" Fkgugnk¦cvkqp1" fkgugn" wvknk¦cvkqp" cpf" qvjgtu" ctg" eqpuvtckpkpi" vjku" rtqeguu0" Vjgug" ctg" hwgnu" uwrrn{" cpf" fgocpf" kuuwgu." cnvgtpcvkxg" cpf" tgpgycdng" hwgnu." xgjkengu"cpf"geqpqo{."vczcvkqp."korcev"qh"fkgugnk¦cvkqp"qp"vjg"rgvtqngwo"tghkpkpi"kpfwuvt{" cpf" gokuukqp" uvcpfctfu" *Uqz." Pqz+0" Ncvgn{." kp" Gwtqrg." Fkgugnk¦cvkqp" ku" rtqitguukxgn{" kpetgcukpi" ykvj" fkgugn" xgjkengu" *FX+" tgikuvtcvkqpu" gzeggfkpi" icuqnkpg" xgjkengu." ewttgpvn{" cdqwv" 77'" qh" pgy" tgikuvtcvkqp" ctg" FXu0" Kv" ku" jkijn{" crrtgekcvgf" kp" Gwtqrg" vjcv" FX" eqpvtkdwvgf" vq" ectdqp" fkqzkfg" gokuukqp" tgfwevkqp0" Jqygxgt." gokuukqpu" qh" uwnhwt" cpf" pkvtqigp" qzkfgu" cpf" rctvkewncvgu" ocvvgt" *RO32+" htqo" fkgugn" gpikpg" ctg" vjg" oquv" fkucfxcpvcigu" hcevqtu0" Htqo" tghkpkpi" rqkpv" qh" xkgy." fkgugnk¦cvkqp" jcu" vtcpuhqtogf" Gwtqrg" tghkpgtkgu" vq" fkgugn" qtkgpvgf" rtqfwekpi" jkij" fkgugn" {kgnf0" Fwg" vq" kpvgpukv{" qh" fkgugnk¦cvkqp" cpf" itqyvj" kp" hwgn" fgocpf" Gwtqrg" jgcxkn{" fgrgpfgpeg" qp" korqtvkpi" fkgugn" hwgn" ykvj" rtqlgevgf" 2097" od1f" d{" 42320" Jqygxgt." Fkgugnk¦cvkqp" kp" Pqtvj" Cogtkecp" octmgv" tgockpu" wpegtvckp"*Gnictpk."422:+0"" "" " Ukpeg"vjg"dgikppkpi"qh"cp"gtc"qh"tghqtowncvgf"fkgugn"hwgn."kv"ycu"engctn{"mpqyp"vjcv" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" cpf" ctqocvkeu" rctvkewnctn{" Dgp¦gpg" ku" vjg" tgcn" gxknu0" Fwg" vq" vjg" rtgugpeg"qh"uwnhwt"cpf"ctqocvkeu"*Dgp¦gpg+"kp"rgvtqngwo"cu"c"oclqt"jgvgtqcvqou."cpf"kvu" eqpvgpv" kp" fkgugn" hwgn" ycu" dgnqpi" vq" vjg" rctvkeng" gokuukqpu" htqo" kpvgtpcn" eqodwuvkqp" gpikpgu0"Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"ejcnngpig"hqt"vjg"kpvgtpcn"eqodwuvkqp"gpikpg"ku"vjg"tgfwevkqp"qh" vjgug" rqnnwvcpvu" htqo" gzjcwuv" icugu" cuuqekcvgf" ykvj" c" tgfwevkqp" qh" EQ4" gokuukqpu" cpf" RO320"Dgecwug"qh"kpetgcukpin{"gorjcuku"qp"gpxktqpogpvcn"cpf"vgejpkecn"rtqdngou."jkijgt" swcnkv{" qh" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" ecp" tgfweg" gzjcwuv" icugu" UQZ" qt" rctvkewncvg" ocvvgtu" uwej" cu"ctqocvkeu"RO."gkvjgt"fktgevn{."d{"kortqxkpi"eqodwuvkqp"qt"kpfktgevn{."d{"gpcdnkpi"dgvvgt" wug" qh" vgejpqnqikgu" vq" tgfweg" cpf" kortqxg" vjg" gzjcwuv0" Vjgtg" hqt." uwnhwt" cpf" pkvtqigp" qzkfgu"tgoqxcn"jcu"tgegkxgf"owej"cvvgpvkqp"kp"tgegpv"{gctu"cpf"dgeqog"oqtg"cpf"oqtg" korqtvcpv0"" 10 404" Ecvcn{vke"Pcrjvjc"Tghqtokpi"*EPT+" " " Vjg"icuqnkpg"rtqeguu"uvtgcou"kp"vjg"tghkpgt{"vjcv"jcxg"c"hcktn{"nqy"qevcpg"tcvkpi"ctg" ugpv" vq" c" Tghqtokpi" Wpkv" yjgtg" vjgkt" qevcpg" tcvgu" ctg" kortqxgf0" Vjgug" tghqtokpi" wpkvu" gornq{" rtgekqwu/ogvcn" ecvcn{uvu/Rncvkpwo" cpf" Tjgpkwo0" Kp" vjg" tghqtokpi" wpkv." j{ftqectdqp"oqngewngu"ctg"Ðtgcttcpigf1tgdwknfgfÑ"kpvq"jkij"qevcpg"icuqnkpg"eqorqpgpvu0" Hqt" gzcorng." ogvj{n" e{enqjgzcpg" ku" tghqtogf" kpvq" vqnwgpg0" Jqygxgt." vjg" tghqtokpi" rtqeguu" cevwcnn{" tgoqxgu" j{ftqigp" htqo" nqy/qevcpg" icuqnkpg" eqorqpgpvu0" Cu" c" tguwnv." j{ftqigp" ku" wugf" vjtqwijqwv" vjg" tghkpgt{" kp" xctkqwu" j{ftq/etcemkpi" cpf" j{ftq/vtgcvkpi" rtqeguu"wpkvu0" " " 40403" Tgugctej"Qevcpg"Pwodgt"*TQP+" " " Igpgtcnn{." vjg" ockp" rwtrqug" qh" vjg" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi" ku" vq" kpetgcug" vjg" qevcpg" pwodgt" qh" jgcx{" qt" ogfkwo" pcrjvjc0" Jqygxgt." Qevcpg" pwodgt" ku" vjg" mg{" rtqrgtv{" vjcv" ejctcevgtk¦gu"vjg"cpvk/mpqem"qh"vjg"icuqnkpg"hwgn"fwtkpi"eqodwuvkqp0"Jqygxgt."vjg"fguktgf" jkij"qevcpg"tghqtocvg"j{ftqectdqp"eqorqpgpvu"rnc{"xgt{"korqtvcpv"tqng"kp"vjg"rtqfwevkqp" qh" jkij" rgthqtocpeg" icuqnkpg" hwgn0" Pgxgtvjgnguu." vjg" ockp" uqwteg" hqt" tghqtocvg" qh" jkij" qevcpg" tcvkpi" ctg" ctqocvkeu" yjkej" igpgtcnn{" jcxg" owej" jkijgt" qevcpg" pwodgtu" vjcp" pcrjvjgpgu." qnghkpu." cpf" rctchhkpu0" Vjg" ctqocvkeu" qevcpg" pwodgt" *gzegrv" dgp¦gpg+" ku" cnyc{u"cdqxg"322"jqygxgt."nkpgct"ejckp"rctchhkpu"jcxg"nqy"qevcpg"pwodgt0"Qp"vjg"qvjgt" jcpf." cu" vjg" fgitgg" qh" dtcpejkpi" qh" p/rctchhkpu" kpetgcugu." vjg" TQP" qh" vjg" kuqogtu" kpetgcug"*TQP"?322"hqt"4."4."5/vtkogvj{ndwvcpg+0"Oqtgqxgt."Tgugctej"Qevcpg"Pwodgtu"qh" Ã";7"hqt"icuqnkpg"hwgn"ku"vjg"tgswktgf"pwodgt"kp"qtfgt"vq"lqkp"vjg"octmgv"urgekhkecvkqp"cpf"vq" dg" ugcncdng" rtqfwev0" Vjg" ftqr" qh" TQP" hqt" vjg" p/rctchhkpu" kpetgcugu" cu" vjg" pwodgt" qh" ectdqp" cvqou" kpetgcugu" dwv" vjku" fgenkpg" ku" owej" nguu" octmgf" hqt" vjg" kuqrctchhkpu0" Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"dguv"qevcpg"pwodgt"eqwnf"dg"qdvckpgf"d{"vtcpuhqtocvkqp"qh"pcrjvjgpgu" kpvq" ctqocvkeu" cpf" qh" nkpgct" rctchhkpu" kpvq" kuqogtu" qt" ctqocvkeu0" Jqygxgt." vjgug" j{ftqectdqpu" tghqtokpi" ctg" vjg" ockp"rtqfwevu"qh"vjg" mg{" tgcevkqpu" qh" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi" rtqeguu"*Cpqvkpu"cpf"Ckvvcpk."4226+0"" 0"" " 11 40404" Icuqnkpg"Rtqfwevkqp"cpf"Eqpuworvkqp" " " Cv" rtgugpv." Pqtvj" Cogtkec." rtkpekrcnn{" vjg" WU." ceeqwpvu" hqt" 62'" qh" icuqnkpg" hwgn" fgocpf" htqo" qkn" rtqfwevu0" Cukc." kpenwfkpi" Ejkpc." ceeqwpvu" hqt" 57'" cpf" ku" itqykpi" cv" ctqwpf" 7'" rgt" cppwo0" Vcdng" 404" ujqyu" vjg" tgikqpcn" octmgvu" hqt" icuqnkpg" hqt" fkhhgtgpv" tgikqpu0" Tgegpvn{." icuqnkpg" fgocpf" kp" Gwtqrg" ku" guvkocvgf" vq" jcxg" fgenkpgf" d{" cnoquv" 4'0" Qp" vjg" qvjgt" jcpf" vjg" WU" octmgv" jcu" dggp" itqykpi" cv" cdqwv" 4'" rgt" cppwo0" Ceeqtfkpi" vq" fcvc" htqo" vjg" DR" uvcvkuvkecn" tgxkgy" qh" yqtnf" gpgti{." Cukcp" icuqnkpg" itgy" kp" 4226"cdqxg"8'"rgt"cppwo."cpf"39'"kp"Ejkpc0"Cukcp"eqpuworvkqp"rcvvgtp"qh"icuqnkpg"ku" ukvwcvgf"dgvyggp"vjqug"qh"vjg"WU"cpf"Gwtqrg"*Pkemnuqp."4228+0" " " Vcdng"404<""Tgikqpcn"Octmgvu"hqt"Icuqnkpg"*Uqwteg<"DR"Uvcvkuvkecn"Tgxkgy"qh"Yqtnf"Gpgti{." *4227+" " Tgikqp" Vjqwucpfu"qh"dcttgnu"rgt" Oknnkqp"qh"vqpgu"rgt" fc{" {gct" WUC" ;658" 692" Gwtqrg" 5:73" 362" Cukc"Rcekhke" 8729" 657" " " " 40405" Oclqt"Tghqtokpi"Tgcevkqpu"" " " Kp" igpgtcn." tghqtokpi" tgcevkqpu" ecp" dg" encuukhkgf" kpvq" fguktcdng" cpf" pqp/fguktcdng" tgcevkqpu0" Tgcevkqpu" vjcv" ngcf" vq" kpetgcug" qh" qevcpg" pwodgt." fgetgcug" qh" fgpukv{" cpf" fgetgcug" qh" xcrqt" rtguuwtg" ctg" rtghgttgf0" Jqygxgt." ecvcn{vke" pcrjvjc" tgcevkqpu" ctg" ecttkgf"qwv"cv"gngxcvgf"vgorgtcvwtgu"*672/742qE+"cpf"oqfgtcvgu"rtguuwtg"*6/52"dct+0"D{" wukpi"rtqrgt"ecvcn{uv"kp"vjtgg"qt"hqwt"ugtkcn"tgcevqtu"cpf"kp"vjg"rtgugpeg"qh"j{ftqigp"*J41qkn" gswcn"vq"6/8"oqn1oqn+."nkpgct"ejckp"rctchhkpu"ctg"vtcpuhqtogf"kpvq"eqttgurqpfkpi"dtcpejgf" rctchhkpu" d{" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" tgcevkqp" cpf" pcrjvjgpgu" kpvq" ctqocvkeu" d{" fgj{ftqigpcvkqp0" 12 Oqtgqxgt."qvjgt"korqtvcpv"tgcevkqpu"ctg"j{ftqigpqn{uku"cpf"j{ftqetcemkpi"tgcevkqpu"yjkej" tguwnv" kp" nqy" oqngewnct" ygkijv" rctchhkpu." cpf" eqmg" hqtocvkqp" vjcv" yknn" gxgpvwcnn{" ngcf" vq" fgcevkxcvkqp" qh" vjg" ecvcn{uv0" Jqygxgt." vjg" hktuv" vyq" tgcevkqpu" ogpvkqpgf" cdqxg" ngcf" vq" jkijgt" qevcpg" pwodgt" rtqfwevu" dwv" vjg" ncuv" vyq" tgcevkqpu" oc{" dg" wpfguktcdng" ukpeg" kv" fgetgcugu"vjg"{kgnf"qh"icuqnkpg"cpf"fgetgcugu"vjg" e{eng"ngpivj" qh"vjg"ecvcn{uv"*Pkemnuqp." 4228+0" " " " Hkiwtg" 403" ujqyu" vjg" ukorng" tgcevkqp" pgvyqtm" hqt" p/qevcpg" qp" Rv/Tg" 1" Cn4Q5" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uvu0" Vjg" hkiwtg" fgoqpuvtcvgu" vjg" hkpcn" cpf" kpvgtogfkcvg" rtqfwevu" qh" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi" rtqeguu0" " E:" kuqogtu" j{ftqectdqpu" ctg" rtqfwegf" htqo" kuqogtkucvkqp" tgcevkqp" *KU+" qh" nqpi" ejckp" j{ftqectdqpu" cu" kpvgtogfkcvg" rtqfwevu0" KU" tgcevkqpu" ctg" rtghgtcdng" tgcevkqpu" dgecwug" vjg{" rtqfweg" xcnwcdng" rtqfwevu" vjcv" jcxg" jkij" qevcpg" pwodgt" *TQP+" cpf" xgt{" htkgpfn{" vq" vjg" gpxktqpogpv0" E3/E7" cpf" E8" /" E9" j{ftqectdqpu" rtqfwegf"htqo"fktgev"j{ftq"etcemkpi"tgcevkqpu"*JE"qh"p/E:+"cpf"kpfktgev"*JE"qh"k/E:"htqo" p/E:+" yjkej" ctg" eqpukfgtgf" cu" qpg" qh" pqp/rtghgtcdng" tgcevkqpu" kp" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi" rtqeguu0" E8-E9" cpf" E:" ctqocvkeu" j{ftqectdqpu" tguwnvgf" htqo" vjtgg" fkhhgtgpv" tgcevkqpu" rcvj"yc{u="Fgj{tqe{enk¦cvkqp"*FJE+"qh"k/E:"vgpfu"vq"rtqfweg"E:"ctqocvkeu"j{ftqectdqpu" cpf" j{ftq" etcemkpi" *JE+" qh" E:" ctqocvkeu" cnuq" rtqfweg" E8-E9" ctqocvkeu" *Cpqvkpu" cpf" Ckvvcpk."4226+0" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 13 " " C6+C7 aromatics " " HC " " C8 aromatics " DHC " DHC " DHC " " n-C8 IS M -A-M C8 isomers " HC HC " " C1-C5, C6-C7 " " Hkiwtg"403""""Ecvcn{vke"Tghqtokpi"Tgcevkqpu"Pgvyqtm"Tgrtgugpvu"d{"p/E:"cu"c"Oqfgn" Eqorqwpf0" " " " 40406" "Icuqnkpg"cpf"vjg"Gpxktqpogpv" " " Vjg" gpgti{" jkuvqt{" jcu" gzrgtkgpegf" vjcv" vjg" kpvtqfwevkqp" qh" hquukn" hwgnu" kp" vjg" ncuv" eqwrng"qh"egpvwtkgu"ngcfu"vq"eqpvkpwqwu"tkukpi"tgngcug"qh"eqpvcokpcpvu"vq"vjg"cvoqurjgtg0" Rqnnwvcpvu" pcvwtg" cpf" ghhgevu" ctg" fkhhgtgpv" cpf" ecp" dg" fkxkfgf" kpvq" vqzke" cpf" pqp/vqzke" vq" jwocpu" cpf" kpvq" Ðujqtv" tcpigÑ" cpf" Ðnqpi" tcpigÑ" gpxktqpogpvcn" ghhgevu0" Vcdng" 405" ikxgu" tqwij" kpfkecvkqpu" qp" vjg" ockp" gzjcwuv" icugu" eqpvcokpcpvu" cpf" vjgkt" ghhgevu" *Tquukpk." 4225+0" " " " " " 14 Vcdng"405<"Ockp"Gzjcwuv"Icu"Eqpvcokpcpvu"cpf"Vjgkt"Ghhgevu"*Tquukpk."4225+" " " " " " " " Urgekgu" Vqzke" Pqp"vqzke" Ujqtv"tcpig" Nqpi"tcpig" Ghhgev" EQ4" " Z" " Z" Itggpjqwug" EQ" Z" " Z" " Ngvjcn"ghhgevu" PQZ" Z" " Z" Z" Q5"nc{gt"eqpvtkdwvkqp" Qnghkpu" " Z" " Z" Q5"nc{gt"fgrngvkqp" UQZ" Z" " Z" " Cekf"tckpu" Dgp¦gpg" Z" " Z" " Ectekpqigpke" " " Eqodwuvkqp" qh" ectdqp" rtqfwegu" EQ4" *inqdcn" yctokpi+" cpf" rqkuqpqwu" EQ0" Eqodwuvkqp"qh"uwnhwt"cpf"pkvtqigp"ngcfu"vq"UQz"cpf"PQz"hqtocvkqpu"tguwnvkpi"kp"cekf"tckp" rqnnwvkqp0"Oqtgqxgt."vjg"xqncvkng"qticpke"eqorqwpfu"rtqfwegf"htqo"eqpxgpvkqpcn"icuqnkpg" fwtkpi"eqodwuvkqp"qh"jgcx{"ctqocvkeu"ctg"vqzke"kp"pcvwtg0""Eqpugswgpvn{."rtguuwtgu"htqo" Gpxktqpogpvcn" Tgiwncvkqp" Cigpekgu" *GTC+" qp" urgekhkecvkqpu" qh" icuqnkpg" eqorqukvkqp" ctg" dgeqog" oqtg" cpf" oqtg" uvtkev0" Jqygxgt." vjg" hktuv" qdnkicvkqp" ycu" vjg" tgrncegogpv" qh" ngcf" vgvtcgvj{n" d{" cpqvjgt" jkij" qevcpg" dqquvgt" fwg" vq" geqnqikecn" cpf" fkugcug" rtqdngou0" Cu" c" tguwnv."oquv"qh"vjg"tghkpgtkgu"kpeqtrqtcvg"qz{igpcvgu"rtqfwevu"uwej"cu"gvjgt"qt"cneqjqnu"vq" d{rcuu" vjgug" nkokvcvkqpu0" Jqygxgt." nkokvu" jcxg" dggp" ugv" hqt" dgp¦gpg" *3'." ocz+" cpf" qz{igp"*4"yv0"'."okp+0"" " " Hkiwtg"404"rtgugpvu"c"uwooct{"qh"qevcpg"dqquvgt)u"fgxgnqrogpv"jkuvqt{"vjtqwij"vjg" rgtkqf" qh" 3;92" vq" 4223." vjg" wugu" qh" qevcpg" dqquvgt" eqorqwpfu" ctg" eqpvtqnngf" d{" gpxktqpogpvcn"tgiwncvkqpu"cpf"vjg"cxckncdknkv{"qh"qvjgt"cnvgtpcvkxgu"vq"kpetgcug"vjg"qevcpg" pwodgt"qh"icuqnkpg"hwgn0""Vjg"hktuv"gpxktqpogpvcnn{"ftkxgp"ejcpig"ycu"vjg"kpvtqfwevkqp"qh" wpngcfgf"icuqnkpg"hqt"wug"ykvj"ecvcn{vke"eqpxgtvgt"gswkrrgf"xgjkengu0"Pgzv."vjg"tgfwevkqp"kp" ngcf" eqpvgpv" qh" vjg" ngcfgf" itcfg" icuqnkpg" jcu" dggp" crrtqcejgf0" Jqygxgt" ngcf" eqpvgpv" ycu" tgfwegf" ftcocvkecnn{" kp" vjg" okf" 3;:2Óu" cpf" d{" Lcpwct{" 3." 3;:8" ycu" nkokvgf" vq" 203" itco"rgt"icnnqp0"Cu"qh"Lcpwct{"3."3;;8"vjg"cffkvkqp"qh"ngcf"vq" cwvqoqvkxg"icuqnkpg"ku"pq" nqpigt"rgtokvvgf0" " 15 Pgzv." kp" qtfgt" vq" kortqxg" vjg" qevcpg" pwodgt" qh" vjg" icuqnkpg" hwgn" yjkej" tgockpu" c" etkvkecn" ogcuwtg" qh" icuqnkpg" rgthqtocpeg." vjg" hqewu" qh" tghkpgtkgu" jcu" dggp" ejcpigf" vq" kpetgcukpi" vjg" rtqfwevkqp" qh" nkijv" gpfu" eqorqpgpvu" kp" vjg" hkpkujgf" icuqnkpg." uwej" cu" dwvcpg0"Jqygxgt."vjg"dwvcpg"eqpvgpv"qh"icuqnkpg"kpetgcugf"ukipkhkecpvn{"d{"vjg"okf/3;:2u0" Jqygxgt." vjku" vtgpf" jcf" c" ftcocvke" korcev" qp" hwgn" xqncvknkv{" cpf" vgpfu" vq" kpetgcug" vjg" gxcrqtcvgf" gokuukqpu" qh" j{ftqectdqpu0" Dgvyggp" 3;:2" cpf" 3;:7" vjg" cxgtcig" xcrqt" rtguuwtg"qh"uwoogt"itcfg"icuqnkpg"kpetgcugf"htqo";0:"ruk"vq"3206"ruk0"Eqpugswgpvn{."vjku" kpetgcug"kp"xcrqt"rtguuwtg"ngf"GRC"vq"korngogpv"twngu"vq"tgfweg"vjg"xqncvknkv{"qh"icuqnkpg" yjkej"tgswktgf"xcrqt"rtguuwtgu"qh"pq"itgcvgt"vjcp"90:"ruk"*Uvkmmgtu."4224+0" " " Vjg"fgocpf"vq"rtqfweg"oqtg"wpngcfgf"icuqnkpg"cpf"vq"rjcug"qwv"vjg"wug"qh"ngcf" cpf" vq" tgfweg" vjg" xcrqt" rtguuwtg" qh" icuqnkpg" rtkoctkn{" uvtckpgf" uqog" tghkpgtÓu" qevcpg" ecrcdknkvkgu0"Jqygxgt"vjg"tghkpgtkgu"cpf"rgvtqngwo"kpfwuvt{"ugevqt"tgurqpfgf"vq"vjku"pggf" hqt"qevcpg"vjtqwij"c"xctkgv{"qh"cevkqpu0"Vjgug"cevkqpu"kpenwfgf"wvknk¦kpi"oqtg"eqornkecvgf" ocpwhcevwtkpi" rtqeguugu" cpf" cnuq" vjg" cffkvkqp" qh" qz{igpcvg" *cneqjqnu" cpf" gvjgtu+" vq" icuqnkpg0"" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 16 " " Hkiwtg"404""""Gpxktqpogpvcn"Tgncvkqpujkru"dgvyggp"TQP."Ctqocvkeu"cpf"Fkhhgtgpv" Tguqwtegu"qh"Qevcpg"Dqquvgtu"*Uvkmmgtu."4224+0" " " " 17 Vjgtghqtg."vjg"wug"qh"oqtg"eqorngz"tghkpkpi"rtqeguugu"fwtkpi"vjg"3;:2u"tguwnvgf"kp" kpetgcugf" ngxgnu" qh" ctqocvkeu." qnghkpu1" fkqnghkpu." kp" icuqnkpg0" Jqygxgt." ctqocvkeu" kpenwfg" rtqfwevu" uwej" cu" dgp¦gpg." c" mpqyp" ecpegt" ecwukpi" cigpv=" vqnwgpg." c" mpqyp" vqzkp=" cpf" z{ngpg" yjkej" ku" c" oclqt" eqpvtkdwvqt" vq" uoqi" hqtocvkqp0" Kp" cffkvkqp." vjgug" rtqfwevu" oc{" eqpvtkdwvg" vq" vjg" hqtocvkqp" qh" gncuvqogtke" fgvgtkqtcvkqp" kp" uqog" xgjkeng" hwgn" u{uvgou" cpf" vjg"rtgugpeg"qh"fk1qnghkpu"kp"icuqnkpg"hwgn"ngcfu"vq"iwo"cpf"nceswgt"hqtocvkqp0"Vjgtghqtg." vjg" cxgtcig" ctqocvke" eqpvgpv" qh" icuqnkpg" kpetgcugf" htqo" ctqwpf" 42'" kp" vjg" 3;92u" vq" crrtqzkocvgn{"54'"kp"3;;2"ykvj"ocp{"icuqnkpg"gzeggfkpi"c"62'"ctqocvke"eqpvgpv0" " " Oqtgqxgt."vjg"wug"qh"qevcpg"dqquvgtu"vqqm"rnceg"cpf"vjg"tghqtowncvgf"icuqnkpg"gtc" oqxgu" vqyctf" cffkvkxgu" uwej" cu" OVDG" *ogvj{n" vgvtc" dwv{n" gvjgt+" ygtg" xgt{" eqooqpn{" wugf" cu" qevcpg" dqquvgtu" kp" vjg" ncvg" pkpgvkgu0" Pgxgtvjgnguu." tgegpvn{" hqt" gpxktqpogpvcn" rtqvgevkqp."vjgug"ejgokecnu"dgecog"uvtkevn{"tgiwncvgf"cpf"nctign{"gnkokpcvgf"dgecwug"vjg" wug"qh"OVDG"kp"icuqnkpg"ngcfu"vq"fcocig"qh"itqwpf"ycvgt"cpf"rwdnke"jgcnvj0"C"hgy"{gctu" ciq"OVDG"ycu"ogcuwtgf"kp"wtdcp"cpf"twtcn"rtgekrkvcvkqp"kp"Igtocp{"cpf"ycu"fgvgevgf"kp" itqwpf"ycvgt0"Cejvgp"et al."4223"cpf"Rqwnqrqwnqu"cpf"Rjknkrrqrqwnqu."4222"jcxg"tgrqtvgf" vjcv"vjg"cffkvkqp"qh"OVDG"ngcfu"vq"ocp{"eqornckpvu"tgncvgf"vq"g{gu"qt"nwpiu"kttkvcvkqpu"cu" ygnn" cu" fgvgevgf" kp" itqwpf" ycvgt0" Tgegpvn{." Ecnkhqtpkc" dcppgf" OVDG" dgikppkpi" kp" 4226" dgecwug" hqt" c" hgy" {gctu." vtcegu" qh" OVDG" ygtg" hqwpf" kp" ycvgt" uqwtegu" kp" Ecnkhqtpkc" *Uvkmmgtu."4224+0" " " 40407" Tghqtokpi"Ecvcn{uvu"" " " Vjg" Rv/Tg1Cn4Q5/En" ecvcn{uv" ku" uvknn" vjg" oquv" ykfgn{" wugf" ecvcn{uv" kp" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi"tgcevkqpu0"Jqygxgt."vjg"jkuvqt{"qh"tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uv="*dghqtg"vjg"uweeguuhwn"wug" qh"rncvkpwo"kp"3;6;+"ycu"ejtqokwo"qt"oqn{dfgpwo"qzkfgu"fgrqukvgf"qp"cnwokpc"*Jcpugn." 3;6;+0"Oqtgqxgt."gctn{"rcvgpv"knnwuvtcvgu"vjg"fgrqukvkqp"qh"ejnqtqrncvkpke"cekf"qp"cp"cekfke" uwrrqtv"qh"Cekfkhkgf"cnwokpc"*hnwqtkpcvgf"qt"ejnqtkpcvgf"cnwokpc+"" " " " " 18 Jqygxgt."Pqdgn"ogvcn"rncvkpwo"ku"vjg"oquv"korqtvcpv"gngogpv"ecrcdng"qh"ecvcn{¦kpi" cnn"v{rgu"qh"j{ftqectdqp"tghqtokpi"tgcevkqpu"kp"vjg"tghqtokpi"rtqeguu"cpf"uvknn"tgockpu"vjg" mg{"cpf"ejkgh"ogvcn"hqt"cnn"eqoogtekcn"tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uv0"Ceeqtfkpin{."vjg"hktuv"eqoogtekcn" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uv" ycu" *gornq{gf" kp" vjg" ncvg" 3;62u+" oqpqogvcnnke/uwrrqtvgf" rncvkpwo" ecvcn{uvu0"Vjg"fgxgnqrogpv"qh"dkogvcnnke"ecvcn{uvu"uvctvgf"kp"vjg"ncvg"3;82u"cpf"kpvtqfwegf" c" ugeqpf" ogvcn." uwej" cu" Tg." Up." Ig." cpf" Kt0" Pgxgtvjgnguu" vjgug" ogvcnu." yjkej" yqtm" cu" rtqoqvgtu" d{" kpvgtcevkpi" ykvj" vjg" ockp" eqorqpgpv" *Rv+." jcxg" c" vgpfgpe{" vq" qhhgt" dgvvgt" icuqnkpg" ugngevkxkv{" cpf" uvcdknkv{" cu" ygnn" cu" qhhgt" cdknkv{" vq" qrgtcvg" cv" nqygt" rtguuwtg0" Jqygxgt." ogvcnu" qh" itqwr" XKKK" qh" vjg" rgtkqfke" vcdng" *gzegrv" hqt" Hg" cpf" Qu" cu" ygnn" cu" Tg" cpf" Ew+." jcxg" dggp" hqwpf" vq" ecvcn{¦g" ctqocvk¦cvkqp" vq" cv" ngcuv" c" unkijv" gzvgpv" *Fqdtqxqnu¦m{ et al., 3;:4+0" " Vjg" dkogvcnnke" cpf" ownvk" ogvcnnke" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uvu" ctg" gzrgevgf" vq" yqtm" qp" igvvkpi" c" ygnn/fkurgtugf" rncvkpwo" hwpevkqp" qp" cp" cnwokpc" uwrrqtv" eqorctkpi"vq"oqpqogvcnnke"ecvcn{uv0"Jqygxgt."vjku"cnwokpc"uwrrqtv"ujqwnf"rtqoqvg"ykvj"c" jcnqigp" vjcv" ku" wuwcnn{" ejnqtkpg" vq" rtqxkfg" cekfkv{" yjkej" rnc{u" xgt{" korqtvcpv" tqng" kp" vjg" kuqogtkucvkqp"uvgr0" " 40408" Tghqtokpi"Ecvcn{uv"Uwrrqtvu"" " Cu"ogpvkqpgf"gctnkgt."cnn"oqfgtp"kpfwuvtkcn"tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uvu"eqpukuv"qh"rncvkpwo." htgswgpvn{" eqodkpgf" ykvj" qpg" qt" oqtg" ogvcnu0" Vjg" eqorqukvg" ogvcnu" ctg" fgrqukvgf" qp" c" ejnqtkpcvgf" cnwokpc0" Fkhhgtgpv" v{rgu" qh" cnwokpc" yjkej" ctg" ygnn" mpqyp" kp" ecvcn{uvu" rtgrctcvkqp" kpenwfg" cnwokpwo" j{ftcvgu." vtcpukvkqp" cnwokpc." cpf" g" /" Cn4Q50" Vjg" vyq/ vtcpukvkqp"cnwokpc" "Î"cpf" "Î"Cn4Q5"ctg"vjg"ockp"cnwokpc"uwrrqtvu"hqt"cp{"wug"kp"ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi"tgcevkqpu0"" " Kpfggf."vjg"oquv"hcxqtcdng"uwrrqtv"ku" /Cn4Q5"vjcv"ecp"dg"qdvckpgf"d{"ecnekpcvkqp"kp" ckt"qh"dqgjokvg0"Vjg"kpkvkcn"dqgjokvg"rnc{u"c"xgt{"korqtvcpv"tqng"kp"vjg"rtqrgtvkgu"cpf"vjg" ujcrg"qh"et{uvcnnkvg"hqtogf"cpf"kvu"urgekhke"uwthceg"ctgc="jkij" /Cn4Q5" uwthceg"ctgc"@"572" o4i/3" ycu" qdvckpgf" htqo" ecnekpcvkqpu" cv" 722" qE" qh" rugwfqdqgjokvg" qt" oketqet{uvcnnkpg" dqgjokvg." yjkej" ku" rqqtn{" qticpk¦gf0" Nqygt" uwthceg" ctgc" qh" /" Cn4Q5" eqwnf" qeewt" d{" ecnekpcvkqpu" qh" et{uvcnnkpg" dqgjokvg" cv" 722" qE" vq" ikxg" uwthceg" ctgc" qh" 472" o4i/30" Cnuq." c" uwthceg" ctgc" qh" nguu" vjcp" 472" o4i/3" @322" o4i/3" yqwnf" dg" qdvckpgf" d{" wukpi" jkijn{" et{uvcnnk¦gf"dgqjokvg"cv"722" qE0"Jqygxgt."vjku"nqy"uwthceg"ctgc"ecppqv"igpgtcvg"gpqwij" cekfkv{" hqt" vjg" tghqtokpi" tgcevkqpu=" vjgtghqtg." kv" ku" pqv" wugf" kp" eqoogtekcn" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uvu"*Cpvqu"cpf"Ckvvcpk."4226+0" 19 40409" Fgxgnqrogpv"qh"Tghqtokpi"Ecvcn{uvu"" " Cv"rtgugpv."kuqogtkucvkqp"tgcevkqpu"*KU+."kpfwuvtkcnn{."ku"ecttkgf"qwv"qp"ecvcn{uvu"uwej" cu" jcnqigp/vtgcvgf" cnwokpc" qt" oqtfgpkvg" ¦gqnkvgu0" Uwnhcvgf" ¦kteqpkc" cpf" YQz1¥tQ4" ecvcn{uvu" rtqoqvgf" ykvj" Pd-Rv" cpf" Eg-Rv." tgurgevkxgn{" ygtg" fgxgnqrgf" hqt" vjg" kuqogtkucvkqp"qh"p/rctchhkpu"d{"crrn{kpi"eqodkpcvqtkcn"vgejpkswg"*Eqtoc"et al.,"4225+0"" " Vjg"ockp"ecvcn{uvu"qh"korqtvcpeg"kp"cnmcpgu"kuqogtkucvkqp"ctg"cu"hqnnqyu< " ‚" Htkgfgn/Etchvu"ecvcn{uvu"uwej"cu"CnEn5"ykvj"UdEn5"cpf"JEn"cffkvkxgu="vjgug"ecvcn{uvu" ygtg"gornq{gf"hqt"vjg"gctnkgt"kpfwuvtkcn"kuqogtk¦cvkqp"rtqeguugu0" " ‚" Ejnqtkpcvgf" cnwokpc" qt" ¥gqnkvgu" rtqoqvgf" ykvj" vtcpukvkqp" ogvcnu" /" dkhwpevkqpcn" ecvcn{uvu0" Cnuq" uqnkf" cekfu" uwej" cu" ¥gqnkvgu" cpf" oqfkhkgf" cnwokpc" ctg" cevkxg" hqt" cnmcpg" kuqogtkucvkqp" cpf" tgswktg" jkijgt" vgorgtcvwtg" eqorctgf" vq" HtkgfgnÎEtchvu" ecvcn{uvu0" " ‚" Uwnhcvgf" ¦kteqpkc" cpf" Rv/uwrrqtvgf" uwnhcvgf" ¦kteqpkc0" Kv" ycu" hqwpf" vjcv" vjg" Rv" uwrrqtvgf"ecvcn{uv"ycu"oqtg"cevkxg"cpf"uvcdng"vjcp"U¥"ykvjqwv"rtqoqvgt0" " ‚" Vwpiuvgp" qzkfg" uwrrqtvgf" qp" ¦kteqpkc0" Nqcfkpi" qh" Rv" qp" YQ51¥tQ4" ukipkhkecpvn{" kortqxgu" vjg" tcvg" cpf" ugngevkxkv{" qh" cnmcpg" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" kp" vjg" rtgugpeg" qh" j{ftqigp0"Vjg"{kgnf"qh"dtcpejgf"kuqogtu"ycu"qpn{"803"'"cv"vjg"ugngevkxkv{"qh"720:"'" gxgp" cv" 795M" qxgt" YQ51¥tQ4" kp" vjg" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" qh" jgzcpg0" Oqfkhkecvkqp" qh" vjg" ecvcn{uv" ykvj" Rv" ngf" vq" cp" kpetgcug" kp" vjg" kuqjgzcpg" {kgnf" wr" vq" 9:0;" '" cpf" vjg" ugngevkxkv{"tgcejgf";:08"'"cv"755"M0""*Qpq"et al.,"4225+0" " ‚" Jgvgtqrqn{"cekfu"cpf"vjgkt"ogvcn"ucnvu"uwej"cu"J5RY34Q62"*YRC+"ctg"tgeqipk¦gf"vq" dg" jkijn{" cekfke" cpf" ecvcn{¦g" ocp{" mkpfu" qh" tgcevkqpu" cu" c" uqnkf/cekf0" Qpq" *4225+" qdugtxgf" vjcv" Rf" ucnvu" qh" YRC" uwrrqtvgf" qp" uknkec" ygtg" gzvtgogn{" cevkxg" hqt" vjg" kuqogtk¦cvkqp"qh"jgzcpg"wpfgt"j{ftqigp0" " ‚" "YRC"uwrrqtvgf"qp"eqoogtekcn"Rf1ectdqp"ycu"oqtg"cevkxg0"Vjku"ecvcn{uv"rtqxkfgf" ;806"'"ugngevkxkv{"hqt"jgzcpg"kuqogtu"cv"vjg"eqpxgtukqp"qh"990;"'"cv"745"M0" 20 " ‚" Oqn{dfgpwo1vwpiuvgp" qz{ectdkfg" cpf" rctvkcnn{" tgfwegf" OqQ50" Cp" kortqxgogpv" kp" kuqogtkucvkqp"ugngevkxkv{"ycu"tgrqtvgf"yjgp"vjg"uwthceg"qh"Oq4E"ycu"qzkfk¦gf0"Vjg" oqn{dfgpwo" qz{ectdkfg" *OqQxEy)" ycu" jkijn{" ugngevkxg" hqt" vjg" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" qh" jgrvcpg"cpf"qevcpg0" " " 4040903"Vkp"*Up+" " " Vjg" Up/Rv1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uvu" ctg" ykfgn{" wugf" kp" vjg" rgvtqngwo" kpfwuvt{" hqt" pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi0" Vjg" cfxcpvcig" qh" vjgug" ecvcn{uvu" qxgt" oqpqogvcnnke" rncvkpwo" ecvcn{uvu" ku" vjcv" vjg{" rtqxkfg" kpetgcugf" ugngevkxkv{" vq" rtqfwevu" ykvj" jkij" qevcpg" pwodgt" cpf" dgvvgt" tgukuvcpeg" vq" eqmg" fgcevkxcvkqp" *H¯tejv" et al.." 4224=" Jqcpi et al.." 4229+0" Cu" kv" ku" c" ygnn" mpqyp" vjcv" tghqtokpi" ku" c" dkhwpevkqpcn" tgcevkqp" yjgtg" vjg" uwrrqtv" cekfkv{" rnc{u" cp" korqtvcpv"tqng"kp"vjg"kuqogtkucvkqp"cpf"fgj{ftqe{enk¦cvkqp"tgcevkqpu"qh"j{ftqectdqpu0" " " Vjg"ejctcevgt"qh"vkp"kp"rncvkpwo1cnwokpc"uwrrqtvgf"ecvcn{uvu"ku"uvknn"pqv"ygnn"mpqyp0" Uqog" cwvjqtu" rtqrqugf" vjg" oqfkhkecvkqp" qh" rncvkpwo" rtqrgtvkgu." cu" vjg" hqtocvkqp" qh" rncvkpwo/vkp" cnnq{u" jcxg" dggp" tgrqtvgf" d{" *Rcnc¦qx" et al., 3;:9+0" Qp" vjg" qvjgt" jcpf." kp" tgegpv"rwdnkecvkqpu"*Ectxcnjq"et al.."3;:9+."vjg"tqng"qh"vkp"ku"tgncvgf"vq"vjg"hqtocvkqp"qh"vkp/ cnwokpcvg"eqodkpgf."yjkej"cnvgtu"vjg"cnwokpc"rtqrgtvkgu"cpf"vjwu"vjgkt"cekfkv{"*Ectxcnjq et al., 4226+" 0" " Fkhhgtgpv" v{rgu" qh" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uv" ygtg" rtgrctgf" d{" uweeguukxg" kortgipcvkqp" vgejpkswg" hqt" oqpq" *Rv+." dk" *Rv/Tg+" cpf" vtk" *Rv/Tg/Up+" ogvcnnke" ecvcn{uv" uwrrqtvgf" qp" " cnwokpc0" Jqygxgt." cffkvkqp" qh" Up" hcxqtcdn{" chhgevu" vjg" ecvcn{vke" cekf" tqng." tckukpi" vjg" cevkxkv{"hqt"cnmcpg"kuqogtk¦cvkqp"cpf"e{enk¦cvkqp"cpf"gpjcpekpi"uvcdknkv{"*fgenkpkpi"etcemkpi" cpf"eqmkpi"tgcevkqpu+0"Qp"vjg"qvjgt"jcpf."vjg"cffkvkqp"qh"Tg"vq"Rv"jcu"qrrqukvg"ghhgevu0"Kv" gpjcpegu"vjg"tcvgu"qh"wpfguktcdng"tgcevkqpu."yjkej"pggfu"uvtqpi"cekfkv{."k0g0"etcemkpi"cpf" eqmkpi0"*Ectxcnjq"et al.,"4226+0" "" " 21 Vtkogvcnnke"tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uvu"jcxg"dggp"rtgrctgf"d{"oqfkh{kpi"c"eqoogtekcn"Up/ Rv1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uv" ykvj" Kt." Cw." Rf." Tg." Dk." Vg." qt" cffkvkqpcn" coqwpv" qh" vkp" wukpi" ogvcn" cfuqtrvkqp" vgejpkswg0" Jqygxgt." oqfkhkgf" ecvcn{uvu" ygtg" vguvgf" kp" vjg" tghqtokpi" qh" p/ qevcpg" cv" 32" dct" j{ftqigp" rtguuwtg." 6:2/732" qE" vgorgtcvwtg." J4" 1" j{ftqectdqp" tcvkq" qh" 607."cpf"nkswkf"jqwtn{"urceg"xgnqekvkgu"qh"3"vq"6"jt/30"Jqygxgt."wrqp"wukpi"ogvcn"cfuqtrvkqp" kp" cswgqwu" uqnwvkqp" hqt" oqfkh{kpi" vjg" Up/Rv1Cn4Q5" eqoogtekcn" dkogvcnnke" ecvcn{uv." pq" ukipkhkecpv" kortqxgogpv" qh" ecvcn{uv" rgthqtocpeg" ycu" qdugtxgf" d{" Hwtejv" et al." *4223." 4224+0"" " " Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"cffkvkqp"qh"iqnf"cpf"ktkfkwo"vq"Rv/Up"ecvcn{uv"unkijvn{"kpetgcugu"vjg" cevkxkv{"qh"vjg"dcug"ecvcn{uv"cpf"fgetgcugu"vjg"vgorgtcvwtg"fgrgpfgpeg"qh"nkswkf"{kgnf0"Qp" vjg" qvjgt" jcpf" rcnncfkwo" oqfkhkgf" ucorngu" ujqy" uqogyjcv" rqqtgt" eqpxgtukqp." rqqtgt" nkswkf"{kgnf"cpf"rqqtgt"qevcpg"pwodgt"ykvj"tgurgev"vq"vjg"rctgpv"ecvcn{uv"dwv"cv"vjg"ucog" vkog" vjg" rtqfwev" fkuvtkdwvkqp" ku" jqygxgt" hcxqtcdng<" fgetgcug" vjg" ctqocvkeu" cpf" kpetgcug" vjg"kuqrctchhkpu0" " " Kp"cffkvkqp."Up"ycu"hqwpf"vq"dg"cp"gzegnngpv"oqfkhkgt"qh"vjg"ogvcnnke"hwpevkqp."ukpeg"kv" fgetgcugu" j{ftqigpqn{uku" cpf" vjg" etgcvkqp" qh" jkijn{" fgj{ftqigpcvgf" eqmg" rtgewtuqtu0" Vjg"cevkxkv{"hqt"fgj{ftqigpcvkqp"cpf"j{ftqigpcvkqp"ycu"fgetgcugf="jqygxgt."kv"ku"gpqwij" vq" rtqfweg" ucvkuhcevqt{" cnmgpgu" *Tcpign" et al.," 4222+0" Vkp" cnuq" cfcrv" vjg" cekf" hwpevkqp." vwpkpi" qt" dcncpekpi" kv" kp" qtfgt" vq" igpgtcvg" oqtg" e{enk¦cvkqp" d{" E8" tkpi" enquwtg" cpf" vq" fgetgcug"etcemkpi"vq"E5ÎE7"cpf"eqpfgpucvkqp"vq"ectdqpcegqwu"fgrqukvu0" " " Jqygxgt." c" iqqf" cfxcpvcig" qh" Rv/Tg/Up" ecvcn{uv" rtgrctgf" wukpi" eqpxgpvkqpcn" vgejpkswgu" hqwpf" vjcv" vjgtg" ku" pq" pggf" vq" rtguwnrjkfg" vjg" ecvcn{uv0" Pgxgtvjgnguu." uwnrjkfcvkqp"uvgr"hqt"Rv/Tg"ecvcn{uv"ecp"dg"kipqtgf"c"iqqf"cfxcpvcig"htqo"geqpqoke"rqkpv" qh"xkgy"cpf"uwduvkvwvg"d{"cffkpi"c"vkp0"Kv"ycu"ujqyp"vjcv"208'" Up"vq"205"Rv/205"Tg"cngtvu" vjg" ogvcn" hwpevkqp" cpf" vgpfu" vq" yqtm" kp" vjg" ucog" yc{" cu" uwnrjkfcvkqp" fqgu" kp" c" tgncvkqp" ykvj"vjg"cekf"hwpevkqp"*Oc¦¦kgtk"et al.,"4227+0"" " " " 22 Cnuq."kv"jcu"dggp"tgrqtvgf"vjcv"cffkvkqp"qh"Up"vq"c"dk/ogvcnnke"ecvcn{uv"*Rv/Tg+"wukpi" kortgipcvkqp"vgejpkswg"gpjcpegu"vjg"kuqogtkucvkqp"{kgnf0"Kv"jcu"cnuq"dggp"rqkpvgf"qwv"vjcv" vjg" cffkvkqp" qh" Up" cnuq" fgetgcugu" vjg" cekfkv{" qh" vjg" uwrrqtv." ockpn{" vjg" uvtqpi" cekf" ukvgu" htcevkqp"cpf"vjgtghqtg."vjg"j{ftq/etcemkpi"qp"vjg"uvtqpi"cekf"ukvgu"ycu"kpjkdkvgf"*Oc¦¦kgtk" et al.," 4227+0" Gxgpvwcnn{" c" etkvkecn" rqkpv" ku" tgcejgf" kp" yjkej" hwtvjgt" Up" cffkvkqp" fqgupÓv" chhgev" *fgetgcug+" vjg" cekfkv{" rtqdcdn{" dgecwug" qh" nqy" fkurgtukqp" Up" urgekgu" jcxg" dggp" hqtogf0"Dwv"hqt"uocnn"coqwpv"qh"Up"itgcvn{"kortqxg"vjg"cevkxkv{"cpf"uvcdknkv{"qh"vjg"ecvcn{uv0" Cnuq" Oc¦¦kgtk" et al.," *4227+" tgrqtvgf" vjcv" vjg" cffkvkqp" qh" Up" vq" vjg" RvÎTg" ecvcn{uv" uwrrtguugf"vjg"dgp¦gpg1k/E9"tcvkq"rtqfwekpi"tghqtocvgu"ykvj"nqygt"gpxktqpogpvcn"korcev0" " 4040:" Ghhgev"qh"Qrgtcvkpi"Eqpfkvkqpu" " Kp" pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi" vjg" rgthqtocpeg" *nkswkf" {kgnf." eqpegpvtcvkqp" qh" ctqocvkeu." k/ rctchhkp1ctqocvkeu" tcvkq." gzvgpv" qh" ukfg" tgcevkqpu" *j{ftqetcemkpi." eqmkpi+" qh" dk" hwpevkqpcn" Rv1Cn4Q5*En+"ecvcn{uvu"ecp"dg"cnvgtgf"d{"vjg"tgcevkqp"rctcogvgtu"*V."R."NJUX."J41JE"oqnct" tcvkq+." vjg" cffkvkqp" qh" rtqoqvgtu" *Tg." Up." Kt+" cpf" tgeqxgtkpi" ejnqtkpg" eqpegpvtcvkqp" ngxgn" fwtkpi"tgigpgtcvkqp"qt"ecvcn{vke"twp0" " Vjg"cwvjqtu"Cnk"et al."*4228+"hqwpf"c"oczkowo"kp"vjg"hqtocvkqp"qh"k/jgrvcpgu"cu"c" hwpevkqp" qh" eqpvcev" vkog0" Qvjgtu" tgrqtvgf" hqtocvkqp" qh" k/jgrvcpgu" cu" c" hwpevkqp" qh" vgorgtcvwtg" yjkng" uqog" qvjgtu" tgrqtvgf" vjcv" cv" jkijgt" eqpvcev" vkog" qt" vgorgtcvwtgu0" Jqygxgt." vjg" rtqfwevkqp" qh" nkijv" gpfu" *E3/E8+" rctchhkpu" rtgfqokpcvgu" fwg" vq" j{ftqetcemkpi0"" " C" tcpig" qh" 3" Î" 6" jt/3" urceg" xgnqekv{" kp" c" oketqtgcevqt" ycu" kpxguvkicvgf" wukpi" p/ qevcpg" tghqtokpi" d{" Hwtejv" et al0" 4223=" vjg{" hqwpf" vjcv" vjg" dguv" NJUX" ku" 6" jt/3" yjkej" rtqfwegu"dgvvgt"ugngevkxkv{."ukpeg"vjg"uweeguukxg"tgcevkqpu"qh" kuqogtk¦gf"j{ftqectdqpu"vq" ctqocvkeu"uwrrtguugf"cpf"etcemkpi"tgcevkqpu"jkpfgtgf0" " Rtguuwtg"rnc{u"korqtvcpv"tqng"kp"ecvcn{vke"tghqtokpi"rtqeguu"ukpeg"kv"ghhgev"vjg"TQP." tghqtocvg"eqorqukvkqp"cpf"j{ftqigp"{kgnf0"Dwuvq"et al."4233"uvwfkgf"vjg"ghhgev"qh"rtguuwtg" kp" vjg" tcpig" qh" 34" Î" 47" dct" cpf" tgrqtvgf" vjcv" tghqtocvg" cpf" j{ftqigp" kpetgcugf" cu" vjg" rtguuwtg" fgetgcugf0" Jqygxgt." eqttgncvkqpu" dgvyggp" TQP" cpf" ctqocvkeu" ygtg" nkpgctn{" fgrgpfgpv0"Dgp¦gpg"eqpvgpv"kp"tghqtocvg"fgetgcugu"cu"vjg"rtguuwtg"ycu"nqygtgf"cv"jkij/ ugxgtkv{"qrgtcvkqp0" 23 Swgtkpk" et al." *3;:;+" uvwfkgf" p/jgzcpg" cpf" p/jgrvcpg" tghqtokpi" qp" eqoogtekcn" Rv" *205+/Tg"*205+/U"*2026+1"Cn4Q50"Jqygxgt."vjg"ucorngu"ygtg"eqqmgf"kp"cp"kpfwuvtkcn"tgcevqt" hqt"42:"vkogu"qp"uvtgco"*VQU+0"Vjg"rtqfwev"fkuvtkdwvkqp"hqt"p/jgzcpg"wukpi"htguj"ecvcn{uv" ycu" cu" hqnnqyu<" k/jgzcpg" ?" 5:0;'." E3/E8" *JE" rtqfwevu+" ?" 52'" cpf" Dgp¦gpg" ?" 604'0" Eqpugswgpvn{."chvgt"vjg"eqmg"uvctvgf"vq"fgrqukv."vjg"vqvcn"eqpxgtukqp"qh"p/jgzcpg"fgenkpgf" cpf" vjg" oczkowo" ugngevkxkv{" vq" k/jgzcpg" eqwnf" dg" tgcejgf" chvgt" 8" yv0" '" qh" eqmg" fgrqukvkqp." Pgxgtvjgnguu." vjg" qpn{" gzrncpcvkqp" ku" vjcv" vjg" j{ftqetcemkpi" *JE+" cpf" fgj{ftqe{en{ucvkqp" *FJE+" cevkxkvkgu" ygtg" uwrrtguugf" " cu" nqpi" cu" vjg" eqmg" kpetgcugf." yjkng" vjg" kuqogtkucvkqp" tgcevkqp" *KU+" kpetgcugf0" Cu" c" tguwnv." vjg" kpjkdkvkpi" qh" Rv" ogvcn" ejctcevgt" d{" eqmg" ngcfu" vq" uwrrtguukpi" vjg" uweeguukxg" tgcevkqpu" tgugtxgf" qh" jkij" nkswkf" {kgnf"cpf"nqygtkpi"dgp¦gpg"cpf"vqnwgpg"eqpvgpv"kp"vjg"qdvckpgf"tghqtocvg0"" """ Vjg"ghhgevu"qh"qrgtcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu"cpf"hggf"eqorqukvkqp"qp"vjg"{kgnf"cpf"swcnkv{"qh" tghqtocvg" cpf" vjg" ecvcn{uv" fgcevkxcvkqp" ycu" uvwfkgf" cu" xctkcdng" rctcogvgtu" qxgt" cp" kpfwuvtkcn" Kt/Rv1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uv0" Jqygxgt" vjg" oczkowo" {kgnf" qh" ctqocvkeu" crrgctgf" kp" vjg" rtguuwtg"tcpig"qh"9/32"dctu."cpf"kpjkdkvkpi"ectdqp"fgrqukvkqp"cv"vjku"qrgtcvkpi"rtguuwtg0"Cv" jkijgt"vgorgtcvwtgu."vjg"jkijgt"ku"vjg"ctqocvkeu"{kgnf"ykvj"nqygt"nkswkf"{kgnf0"Eqttgncvkqpu" dgvyggp" vjg" qevcpg" pwodgt" cpf" tghqtocvg" {kgnf" jcxg" dggp" hqwpf" hqt" fkhhgtgpv" pcrjvjc" hggf"uvqemu"*Dkujctc"et al.,"3;:6+0" " " " Eqpxgtukqp" qh" e{enqjgzcpg" ycu" qdxkqwun{" vgorgtcvwtg" fgrgpfgpv0" Kp" hcev." vjg" ugngevkxkv{" kp" vjg" fktgevkqp" qh" vjg" fgj{ftqigpcvkqp" vq" dgp¦gpg" kpetgcugf" ykvj" kpetgcukpi" tgcevkqp"vgorgtcvwtgu0"Oqtgqxgt."vjg"eqpxgtukqp"qh"dgp¦gpg"hgnn"cu"vjg"vgorgtcvwtg"ycu" kpetgcugf0" Vjg" jkijgt" j{ftqigpcvkpi" ecrcekv{" qh" rncvkpwo" ycu" tgcuqp" qh" vjg" jkijgt" dgp¦gpg"eqpxgtukqp"xcnwgu"qdvckpgf"ykvj"vjg"rncvkpwo"ecvcn{uv0" " " " " Eqpugswgpvn{." cu" ogpvkqpgf" cdqxg" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" qh" p/cnmcpgu" kpvq" vjg" eqttgurqpfkpi" dtcpejgf" cnmcpgu" ku" cp" korqtvcpv" yc{" vq" gpjcpeg" vjg" qevcpg" pwodgt" qh" icuqnkpg0"Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"qevcpg"pwodgtu"*TQP+"qh"rgpvcpg"cpf"jgzcpg"ctg"8309"cpf" 460:" tgurgevkxgn{0" Qdxkqwun{." vjg" jkijgt" vjg" oqngewnct" ygkijv" qh" rctchhkpu" vjg" nqygt" vjg" TQP0" Jqygxgt" jgrvcpg" jcu" c" TQP" tcvkpi" qh" ¦gtq." yjkng" 4/ogvj{njgzcpg" cpf" 4." 5/ fkogvj{nrgpvcpg"jcxg"Tgugctej"Qevcpg"Pwodgt"*TQP+"tcvkpi"qh"75"cpf";5."tgurgevkxgn{0"" " 24 405" J{ftqvtgcvogpv"Rtqeguugu"" " " Wpkv"qrgtcvkqpu"qh"cp{"qkn"tghkpgt{"eqwnf"dg"ecvgiqtk¦gf"cu"vyq"rtqeguugu="j{ftqigp" cffkvkqp" rtqeguugu" *g0i0." j{ftqrtqeguugu" uwej" cu" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" cpf." j{ftqxkudtgcmkpi" j{ftqetcemkpi." fq/pqt" uqnxgpv" rtqeguugu+" cpf" cu" ectdqp" tglgevkqp" rtqeguugu" uwej" cu" ecvcn{vke"etcemkpi."eqmkpi."xkudtgcmkpi."cpf"uqnxgpv"fgcurjcnvkpi+0""" " " Vjg" eqpxgpvkqpcn" ogcpu" hqt" gnkokpcvkpi" uwnhwt." pkvtqigp." qz{igp" cpf" ogvcnu" eqorqwpfu"wukpi"j{ftqigp"htqo"rgvtqngwo"rtqfwevu"ku"vjg"j{ftqvtgcvkpi"rtqeguu0"Kv"ku"cp" guugpvkcn"rtqeguu"vq"tgfweg"c"oclqt"rqkuqpkpi"ghhgev"kp"c"uwdugswgpv"rtqeguukpi"*ecvcn{vke" pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi+" qt" vq" rtqfweg" ucncdng" rtqfwevu" vjcv" hwnn" hknn" vjg" octmgv" cpf" vjg" gpxktqpogpvcn" tgswktgogpvu0" Hkiwtg" 405" rtgugpvu" cp" qwvnkpg" qh" xctkqwu" j{ftqectdqp" uvtgcou"hggfuvqemu"vtgcvgf"cv"fkhhgtgpv"j{ftqvtgcvkpi"wpkvu"nkpmgf"vq"fkhhgtgpv"rtqeguu"wpkvu" kp" c" v{rkecn." kpvgitcvgf" oqfgtp" tghkpgt{0" Vcdng" 406" dgnqy" ujqyu" vjg" qwveqog" qh" J{ftq" rtqeguugu"qrgtcvkqpu"fwtkpi"tghkpkpi0"" " 25 " " Hkiwtg"405"""J{ftqvtgcvkpi"Rtqeguugu"kp"c"Oqfgtp"Rgvtqngwo"Tghkpgt{" *jvvr<11gp0ykmkrgfkc0qti1ykmk1Qknatghkpgt{+0" " 26 Vcdng"406<"Fkhhgtgpv"J{ftqvtgcvogpv"Wpkv"Qrgtcvkqpu"Gzkuv"kp"vjg"Qkn"Tghkpgt{"*Uqpi"et al.," 4222+" " " Wpkv"Qrgtcvkqp" JFU3" 4 JFP " Hggfuvqem" Rwtrqug"*Qwv"eqog+" Ecvcn{vke"tghqtogt"hggfuvqemu"" Tgfweg"ecvcn{uv"rqkuqpkpi"" Fkgugn"hwgn"" Gpxktqpogpvcn"urgekhkecvkqpu"" Fkuvknncvg"hwgn"qkn"" Gpxktqpogpvcn"urgekhkecvkqpu"" J{ftqetcemgt"hggfuvqemu"" Tgfweg"ecvcn{uv"rqkuqpkpi"" Eqmgt"hggfuvqemu"" Tgfweg"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"qh"eqmg"" Nwdtkecvkpi"qkn"" Kortqxg"uvcdknkv{"" Ecvcn{vke"etcemkpi"hggfuvqemu"" Tgfweg"ecvcn{uv"rqkuqpkpi"" J{ftqetcemgt"hggfuvqemu"" Tgfweg"ecvcn{uv"rqkuqpkpi"" Ecvcn{vke"etcemkpi"hggfuvqemu"" Cxqkf"ogvcnu"fgrqukvkqp"" Cxqkf"eqmg"dwknfwr"" JFO5" Cxqkf"ecvcn{uv"fguvtwevkqp"" J{ftqetcemgt"hggfuvqemu"" Cxqkf"ogvcnu"fgrqukvkqp"" Cxqkf"eqmg"dwknfwr"" Cxqkf"ecvcn{uv"fguvtwevkqp"" 6 ETT " Ecvcn{vke"etcemgt"hggfuvqemu"" Tgfweg"eqmg"dwknfwr"qp"ecvcn{uv"" Tgukfwc"" Tgfweg"eqmg"{kgnf"" Jgcx{"qknu"" Tgfweg"eqmg"{kgnf"" " JFU3<"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp."" JFP4<"J{ftqfgpkvtqigpcvkqp." JFO5<"J{ftqfgogvcnnk¦cvkqp"cpf"" ETT6<"Ectdqp"tgukfwg"tgfwevkqp0" " " " " " " 27 40503" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"Rtqeguu"*JFU+" """ " Tgoqxkpi" uwnhwt" eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" htqo" j{ftqectdqp" hggfuvqem" d{" c" ecvcn{vke" tgcevkqp" ykvj" j{ftqigp=" vjgtgd{" hqtokpi" J4U" ku" mpqyp" cu" JFU" rtqeguu0" Kpfggf." JFU" rtqeguu" ku" c" yqtnfykfg" gornq{gf" rtqeguu" cpf" jcu" dggp" wugf" hqt" qxgt" 82" {gctu0" Cffkvkqpcnn{."gcej"tghkpgt{"kp"vjg"yqtnf"rtcevkegf"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"*JFU+"rtqeguu"wukpi" Eq/Oq." Pk/Oq" qt" Y/Oq" ecvcn{uvu" v{rgu0" Pgxgtvjgnguu." vjgtg" ctg" ugxgtcn" vgejpqnqikgu" hqt" vjg" tgoqxcn" qh" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" htqo" rgvtqngwo" cpf" kvu" rtqfwevu0" Uwnhwt" tgoqxcn" ku" ceeqornkujgf" v{rkecnn{" d{" gzvtcevkqp" cpf" ejgokecn" vtgcvogpv" qh" rgvtqngwo" j{ftqectdqpu" htcevkqpu0" Jqygxgt." vjgug" rtqeguugu" ctg" ghhkekgpv" hqt" tgoqxkpi" egtvckp" uwnhwt" v{rgu" cpf" eqpvgpvu0" Kpfggf." J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" JFU" rtqeguu" ku" vjg" qpn{" rtqeguu" pqtocnn{" crrnkecdng" vq" vjg" tgoqxcn" qh" cnn" v{rgu" qh" uwnhwt" eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu0" C" tgxkgy" qh" vjg" eqoogtekcnn{"gzkuvkpi"rtqeguugu"ku"tgrqtvgf"kp"Vcdng"407"*Oq{ug"et al.."4222+0" " " Vcdng"407<"Eqoogtekcn"Vgejpqnqikgu"qh"JFU"Qrgtcvkqp"*Cpvcnhh{"et al0."4224+0" " V{rg" Rtqeguu"pcog" Xgpfqt" EF"J{ftq" EF"Vgej" Icuqnkpg"U"tgfwevkqp" Itceg"fkxkukqp" ¥UQTD" Rjknnkru"88" EF"JFU" EF"Vgej" Qevickp"442" Oqdkn" Uecphkpkpi" Gzzqp" Rtkog"I" KHR" HIVR" J0"Vqru¼g"CU" Qevickp"347" Oqdkn" KUCN" WQR" Fkuvknncvkqp" HEE"cffkvkxg" Cfuqtrvkqp" Ugngevkxg"j{ftqvtgcvkpi" Pqp/ugngevkxg"j{ftqvtgcvkpi" " " " " " 28 JFU" wpkv" ku" ygnn" guvcdnkujgf" cpf" jcu" nqpi" dggp" cp" kpvgitcn" rctv" qh" tghkpkpi" qrgtcvkqpu0"Pgxgtvjgnguu."ecvcn{vke"tghqtokpi"wpkv"kpuvkvwvgf"kp"ocp{"tghkpgtkgu"eqpukfgt"cu" cp" korqtvcpv" rtqeguu" kp" vjg" tghkpgt{" pgvyqtm" vjcv" rtqxkfkpi" uwduvcpvkcn" swcpvkvkgu" qh" d{/ rtqfwev" j{ftqigp." gpqwij" vq" vkr" vjg" geqpqoke" dcncpeg" kp" hcxqt" qh" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" rtqeguugu0" JFU" rtqeguu" ku" ceeqornkujgf" d{" ecvcn{vke" tgcevkqp" qh" J{ftqigp" ykvj" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" rtgugpv" kp" vjg" hggf" uvqem" wpfgt" egtvckp" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" vjcv" fgrgpf" ockpn{" qp" vjg" hggfuvqem" rtqrgtvkgu" cpf" vjg" fguktgf" rtqfwev" urgekhkecvkqpu0" Vjg" JFU" rtqeguu" ku" wuwcnn{" qrgtcvgf" cv" oqfgtcvgn{" jkij" vgorgtcvwtg" cpf" rtguuwtg=" v{rkecn" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" ctg" >" 572qE" tgcevkqp" vgorgtcvwtg" cpf" dgvyggp" 5" cpf" 42" ORc" qrgtcvkpi" rtguuwtg0" Pci" et al." *3;9;+" jcu" fgoqpuvtcvgf" vjcv" tgcevkqp" tcvgu" hqt" vjg" JFU" rtqeguu"xct{"hqt"fkhhgtgpv"uwnhwt"eqpvckpkpi"eqorqwpfu"qh"fkhhgtgpv"hggf"uvqemu0"Vcdng"408" dgnqy" ujqy" vjg" v{rkecn" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" qh" JFU" rtqeguu" qh" xctkqwu" hggf" uvqemu" *Ujkhngvv." 4224+0" Jqygxgt." vjg" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" *JFU+" tgcevkqp" eqpuwogu" j{ftqigp" cpf" igpgtcvgu" j{ftqigp" uwnhkfg" ceeqtfkpi" vq" vjg" hqnnqykpi" v{rkecn" JFU" tgcevkqp" hqt" vjkqrjgpg"cu"ujqyp"dgnqy<" " " " " " " Dwv" wphqtvwpcvgn{." JFU" ku" ghhgevkxg" hqt" c" tcpig" qh" uwnhwt" eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" yjkej"gzjkdkv"xct{kpi"tgcevkxkv{"vqyctfu"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp0"JFU"rtqeguu"ku"jkijn{"ghhkekgpv"hqt" vjg"tgoqxcn"qh"uwnhwt"eqorqwpfu"uwej"cu"vjkqnu."uwnhkfgu"cpf"Vjkqrjgpg."dwv"nguu"ghhgevkxg" hqt" tgoqxkpi" vjg" jkpfgtgf" tghtcevqt{" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" *Uqpi" cpf" Oc0" 4229+0" Jqygxgt." vjg"ockp"vgejpkecn"ejcnngpig"hqt"hwgn"rtqeguukpi"ku"vjg"oquv"tghtcevqt{"uwnhwt"oqngewngu"vjcv" tgockp" kp" vjg" fkgugn" hwgn" chvgt" vjg" uwnhwt" tgfwevkqp" vq" 722" rroyv" ngxgn" d{" eqpxgpvkqpcn" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" rtqeguu0" Jqygxgt." vjg" rtqdngo" dgeqogu" yqtug" cu" vjg" kpjkdkvkpi" ghhgevu"qh"eq/gzkuvkpi"rqn{ctqocvkeu"cpf"pkvtqigp"eqorqwpfu"kp"vjg"hggf"cu"ygnn"cu"J4U"kp" vjg" rtqfwev0" Kp" vjku" tgurgev." cejkgxkpi" fggr" JFU" qh" fkgugn" uvtgcou" dgeqog" oqtg" eqornkecvgf0"Kp"qvjgt"yqtfu."fggr"j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"vq"wnvtc"nqy/uwnhwt"ngxgnu"ku"fkhhkewnv" vq" cejkgxg" ykvj" vjg" ewttgpvn{" gornq{gf" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" ecvcn{uvu" *Eq/Oq+" cpf" v{rkecn" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" kp" qtfgt" vq" hwnn" hkv" vjg" octmgv" cpf" gpxktqpogpvcn" tgswktgogpvu0" Cu" c" tguwnv." fggr" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" *JFU+" qh" fkgugn" hwgnu" tgswktgu" gkvjgt" ugxgtg" rtqeguu" eqpfkvkqpu."k0g0"jkij"vgorgtcvwtg"cpf"j{ftqigp"rtguuwtg."qt"vjg"wug"qh"pqxgn"ghhgevkxg"" " 29 ecvcn{uvu"vjcv"cdng"vq"eqpxgtv"vjg"nguu"tgcevkxg"eqorqwpfu"cv"cp"ceegrvcdng"tcvg0" " " Vcdng<"408<"V{rkecn"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"Qrgtcvkpi"Eqpfkvkqpu"Wugf"kp"Kpfwuvt{"*Oc"et al.," 3;;9+0" " Hwgn"v{rg"cpf"jkuvqtkecn"eqpfkvkqpu" Rtguuwtg" NJUX" Vgorgtcvwtg" *ORc+" *j&3+" * E+" Tgegpv"jkuvqt{" Pcrjvjc"*icuqnkpg+"" 305:"Î"5067" 4"Î":" 4;2""Î"592" Mgtqugpg1icu"qkn"*lgv1fkgugn"hwgnu+"" 5067"Î":049" 4"Î"6" 537"Î"622" HEE"hggf"rtgvtgcv"" 7039Î350:2" 302"Î"502" 592"Î"647" Ewttgpv"vtgpfu" Pcrjvjc"*icuqnkpg+"" 305:"Î"7039" 4"Î"8" 4;2"Î"592" Mgtqugpg1icu"qkn"*lgv1fkgugn"hwgnu+"" 5067"Î"32052" 207"Î"502" 537"Î"622" HEE"hggf"rtgvtgcv"" 80;2"Î"42092" 207"Î"402" 592"Î"647" " " 40504" Uwnhwt"cpf"vjg"Gpxktqpogpv"" " Uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" vjcv" rtgugpeg" kp" cp{" etwfg" qkn" qt" rgvtqngwo" htcevkqpu" ecp" qpn{" chhgev" kp" jctohwn" yc{0" Vjgtghqtg." tgoqxkpi" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" htqo" rgvtqngwo" cpf" kvu" rtqfwevu" jcxg" ugxgtcn" vgejpkecn" tgcuqpu<" 3+" tgfwevkqp" qh" eqttqukqp" fwtkpi" tghkpkpi" cpf" rqkuqpkpi"qh"ecvcn{uv"fwtkpi"ecvcn{vke"tghqtokpi"rtqeguu."4+"tgfwevkqp"qh"uoqmg"hqtocvkqp"kp" mgtqugpg."vq"kortqxg"dwtpkpi"ejctcevgtkuvkeu."5+"rtqfwevkqp"qh"ugcncdng"rtqfwevu"vjcv"hwnhknn" vjg"octmgv"urgekhkecvkqpu"cpf"ctg"gpxktqpogpvcnn{"ceegrvcdng="Hqt"gzcorng."vjg"rtgugpeg" qh"uwnhwt"eqorqwpfu"kp"hkpkujgf"hwgnu"nkmg"icuqnkpg"yknn"ecwug"eqttqukqp"qh"gpikpg"rctvu0"6+" Ogtecrvcpu"ecwug"vjg"eqttqukqp"qh"eqrrgt"cpf"dtcuu"kp"vjg"rtgugpeg"qh"ckt"cpf"cnuq"jcxg" dcf" ghhgev" qp" vjg" eqnqt" uvcdknkv{" qh" icuqnkpg" hwgn" cpf" qvjgt" nkswkf" hwgnu0" " 7+" Cnuq." wrqp" eqodwuvkqp."uwnhwt"ku"eqpxgtvgf"vq"UQz"fwtkpi"dwtpkpi."yjkej"pqv"qpn{"eqpvtkdwvgu"vq"cekf" tckp." dwv" cnuq" rqkuqpu" vjg" ecvcn{vke" eqpxgtvgt" hqt" gzjcwuv" gokuukqp" vtgcvogpv0" Wrqp" vjg" cdqxg"vtgcuqpu."vjgug"hcevu"jcxg"tguwnvgf"kp"c"xctkgv{"qh"rtqeguu"qrvkqpu"vjcv"urgekcnk¦g"kp" 30 uwnhwt"tgoqxcn"fwtkpi"tghkpkpi0"JFU"rtqeguu"qpg"qh"vjg"korqtvcpv"vtgcvogpv"rtqeguugu"cpf" jcu"rckf"owej"cvvgpvkqp"fwtkpi"vjg"ncuv"fgecfgu0" " " Oqtg" uvtkpigpv" tgiwncvkqpu" jcxg" dggp" uwiiguvgf" vq" tgfweg" uwnhwt" cpf" pkvtqigp" eqorqwpfu"kp"vjg"vtcpurqtvcvkqp"hwgnu"kp"vjg"ncuv"fgecfgu"*Uqpi"et al.,"4222+0"Tgegpvn{."Kp" vjg" WUC." uwnhwt" eqpvgpv" qh" fkgugn" hwgn" jcu" vq" dg" tgfwegf" htqo" 722" rroyv" cu" nqy" uwnhwt" fkgugn"*NUF+"fqyp"vq"nguu"vjcp"37"rroyv"wukpi"wnvtc"nqy"uwnhwt" fkgugn"*WNUF+"d{"Fge0"3." 4232" *Uqpi" cpf" Oc." 4225=" Cduk/Jcncdk" cpf" Uvcpkuncwu." 4227+0" Vcdng" 409" ujqyu" vjg" WU" GRC" uwnhwt" twngu" hqt" jkij" yc{" cpf" pqp" tqcf" fkgugn" uvcvgf" hqt" vjg" ncuv" cpf" eqokpi" {gctu0" Oqtgqxgt." Kp" Lcrcp." vjg" fkgugn" uwnhwt" eqpvgpv" ycu" tgfwegf" d{" tgiwncvkqpu" htqo" 4222" rroyv"vq"722"rroyv"*NUF+"kp"3;;9"cpf"ku"rtgugpvn{"nc{"fqyp"cv"32"rroyv"*WNUF+0"Kp"vjg" Gwtqrgcp"Wpkqp"eqwpvtkgu."vjg"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"qh"icu"qkn"hwgn"jcu"cntgcf{"dggp"tgfwegf"vq" 72"rroyv"*NUF+"cpf"kv"yknn"dg"hwtvjgt"tgfwegf"vq"37"rroyv"*WNUF+"kp"42320"Cffkvkqpcnn{." Ecpcfkcp" iqxgtpogpv" tgiwncvkqpu" pgeguuct{" vjcv" cnn" fkgugn" hwgnu" kp" vjg" octmgv" owuv" eqpvckp" pq" oqtg" vjcp" 20227" yv0" '" wnvtc" nqy" uwnhwt" dgikppkpi" qh" Lcpwct{" 42320" Qvjgt" rtqrqugf"ngikuncvkqpu"pqycfc{u"ecnn"vq"rtqfweg"cnoquv"¦gtq/gokuukqp"hwgnu"kp"c"pgct"hwvwtg" *Tcfquncx" et al.," 4229=" Cduk/Jcncdk" et al.," 3;;9+0" Vcdng" 409" dgnqy" ujqy" vjg" xgt{" nqy" uvcpfctf"qh"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"hkzgf"d{"vjg"GRC"cpf"ckt"swcnkv{"hqt"vjg"ncuv"cpf"eqokpi"{gctu0" " Vcdng"409<"WU"GRC"Uwnhwt"Twngu"Hqt"Jkij"Yc{"cpf"Pqp"Tqcf"Fkgugn"*UCG3;;4."cpf"GRC." 4225+"""" " Ecvgiqt{" Jkijyc{" fkgugn" *rroyv+" [gct" 3;:;" 7222"*okpkowo"Egvcpg"pq0" 62+" 3;;5" 722"*ewttgpv" wrrgt"nkokv"ukpeg" 3;;5+" Pqp/ tqcf" fkgugn" 42222" 7222"*ewttgpv" wrrgt"nkokv+" *rroyv+" 31 4228" 37"*tgiwncvgf"kp" 4223="gzenwfg" uqog"uocnn" tghkpgtkgu+" 722"*rtqrqugf" kp"4225"hqt" 4229+" 4232" 37" *tgiwncvgf"kp" 4223="crrn{" vq"cnn"WU" tghkpgtkgu+" 37" *rtqrqugf"kp" 4225"hqt" 4232+" " Ceeqtfkpi"vq"GRC"uvcvkuvkeu."vjg"vtcpukvkqp"htqo"nqy"uwnhwt"fkgugn"*NUF+"vq"wnvtc"nqy" uwnhwt"fkgugn"*WNUF+"yknn"jgnr"vq"kortqxg"vjg"ckt"swcnkv{"d{"ukipkhkecpvn{"tgfwekpi"gokuukqpu0" WNUF" gpcdngu" cfxcpegf" rqnnwvkqp" eqpvtqn" vgejpqnqi{" hqt" ectu." vtwemu." cpf" dwugu" uq" vjcv" gpikpg" ocpwhcevwtgtu" ecp" oggv" vjg" pgy" gokuukqp" uvcpfctfu0" Qpeg" vjku" cevkqp" ku" hwnn{" korngogpvgf."vjgtg"yknn"c"dgpghkekcn"ugvvngogpv"kp"c"rwdnke"jgcnvj"dgpghkvu"nkuvgf"dgnqy<"" " i-" 408"oknnkqp"vqpu"qh"uoqi/ecwukpi"pkvtqigp"qzkfg"gokuukqpu"yknn"dg"tgfwegf"cppwcnn{0" ii-" Uqqv"cpf"Rctvkewncvg"ocvvgt"yknn"dg"fgetgcugf"d{"332.222"vqpu"gcej"{gct0" iii-" Rtgocvwtg"fgcvju"ecugu"qh":.522."7.722"guvkocvgf"qh"ejtqpke"dtqpejkvku"cpf"39.822" ecugu"qh"cewvg"dtqpejkvku"kp"ejknftgp"yknn"dg"cxqkfgf"{gctn{0" iv-" Cp"guvkocvgf"582.222"cuvjoc"cvvcemu"cpf"5:8.222"ecugu"qh"tgurktcvqt{"u{orvqou" kp"cuvjocvke"ejknftgp"yknn"cnuq"dg"rtgxgpvgf"gxgt{"{gct0" v-" 307"oknnkqp"Yqtm"fc{u"nquv."9.322"jqurkvcn"xkukvu"cpf"4.622"gogtigpe{"tqqo"xkukvu"hqt" cuvjoc"yknn"dg"rtgxgpvgf"*jvvr<11yyy0grc0iqx1qvcs1jkijyc{/fkgugn1kpfgz0jvo+0" " Eqpugswgpvn{." vjgtg" ctg" ocp{" rwdnke" cpf" rtkxcvg" qticpk¦cvkqpu=" Vjg" W0U0" Fgrctvogpv"qh"Gpgti{"*FQG+."vjg"GRC."gpikpg."xgjkeng"cpf"eqorqpgpv"ocpwhcevwtgtu."cnn" ugevqtu" qh" vjg" rgvtqngwo" kpfwuvt{" cpf" hwgn" eqpuwogtu" ctg" yqtmkpi" vqigvjgt" vjtqwij" vjg" Engcp"Fkgugn"Hwgn"Cnnkcpeg"*EFHC+"vq"hceknkvcvg"vjg"kpvtqfwevkqp"qh"WNUF"vq"vjg"hwgn"octmgv0" " " Ncvgn{." tghkpgtkgu" ctg" cnuq" hcekpi" ukipkhkecpv" ejcnngpigu" vq" oggv" uwnhwt" hwgn" urgekhkecvkqpu"hqt"pqp/tqcf"hwgnu"ykvj"vjg"tgfwevkqp"qh"ctqocvke"eqorqwpfu"eqpvgpv0"Oqtg" tgegpvn{." WU" GRC" cpf" Engcp" Fkgugn" Hwgn" Cnnkcpeg" *EFHC+" tgiwncvkqpu" cppqwpegf" rncp" vq" tgfweg"pqp/tqcf"fkgugn"hwgn"uwnhwt"htqo"rtgugpv"cxgtcig"qh"722" rroyv."4229"fqyp"vq"37" rroyv"d{"Lwpg."4232"*GRC."4225+0"Cffkvkqpcnn{"d{"vjg"dgikppkpi"qh"4234."nqeqoqvkxg"cpf" octkpg"fkgugn"hwgn"owuv"oggv"vjg"WNUF"hwgn"uvcpfctf"qh"37"rroyv"uwnhwt0"Vcdng"40:"ujqyu" vjg"GRC"tgiwncvkqpu"hqt"uwnhwt"fkgugn"hwgn"qh"jkij"yc{"cpf"pqp/tqcf"fkgugn"hwgn"fwtkpi"3;:;" vq"pgzv"{gct"42320"Jqygxgt."cejkgxkpi"nqy"ngxgnu"qh"uwnhwt"ku"pqv"c"ukorng"vcum"dgecwug"vjg" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" vjcv" tgockp" chvgt" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" ctg" jkijn{" tghtcevqt{" cpf" fqpÓv" tgurqpug"vq"tgcev"wpfgt"vjg"v{rkecn"qrgtcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu"cpf"gornq{kpi"qh"vjg"eqpxgpvkqpcn" ecvcn{uvu0" " 32 Kp"cffkvkqp"vq"wnvtcnqy/uwnhwt"eqpvgpv."vjg"pgy"urgekhkecvkqpu"rtqrqugf"d{"yqtnfykfg" hwgn"ejctcevgt"ctg"kpvtqfwekpi"nkokvcvkqpu"qp"vjg"fgpukv{."rqn{ctqocvke"j{ftqectdqp"eqpvgpv." Egvcpg"pwodgt."vqvcn"ctqocvkeu"eqpvgpv."cpf";7'"CUVO"fkuvknncvkqp"vgorgtcvwtg"qh"fkgugn" *Cpvcnhh{" et al0." 4224+0" Vcdng" 409" ujqyu" vjg" uvcpfctfu" urgekhkecvkqp" hqt" Fkgugn" hwgn" hqt" vjg" Ncuv"cpf"Eqokpi"[gctu0"Oqtgqxgt."fggr"tgfwevkqp"qh"uwnhwt"kp"icuqnkpg"hwgnu"*htqo"552"vq" 52"rroyv+"owuv"dg"cejkgxgf"ykvjqwv"nqukpi"qevcpg"tcvkpi"*TQP+"qt"fgetgcukpi"nkswkf"{kgnf" *E7-"j{ftqectdqpu+0"Cpqvjgt"ejcnngpig"hqt"vjg"tghkpgtkgu"ku"vjg"kpetgcug"qh"J4"fgocpf"hqt" vjg" J{ftqvtgcvogpv" qrgtcvkqpu" qh" vjg" tghkpgt{" pgvyqtm0" Jqygxgt." J{ftqigp" ujqtvhcnnu" ctg" qpg" qh" rtqeguukpi" tguvtkevkqpu" cpf" yknn" chhgev" hwvwtg" ecrcekv{" qh" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" rtqeguugu" uwej"cu"JFU."JFP."JFQ."JFO"cpf"JE"*Tqocpqy/IctEKc."4222+0"Vjku."cduqnwvgn{."jcu" ngf"vq"pgeguukvcvg"vjg"ocpcigogpv"qh"etwfg"qkn"swcnkv{"oqtg"ghhgevkxgn{"vjtqwij"gxcnwcvkqp" cpf"rtqfwevu"uncvgu"*Yciwgurcem"cpf"Jgcng{."3;;:+0"Ceeqtfkpin{."Fggr"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh" qkn" dcugf" nkswkf" hwgnu" *icuqnkpg." lgv" hwgn" cpf" fkgugn+" kp" rctvkewnct" fkgugn" jcu" ickpgf" eqpukfgtcdng" korqtvcpeg" kp" qkn" tghkpgtkgu" kp" tgegpv" {gctu0" Vjgtghqtg." oquv" kpfwuvtkcn" eqwpvtkgu"ctg"gzrgevgf"vq"hceg"oqtg"rtguuwtg"vq"tgfweg"uwnhwt"ngxgn"vq"ctqwpf">"32"rroyv" ykvjkp"vjg"pgzv"32"{gctu0"" " " Vcdng"40:<"Uvcpfctfu"Urgekhkecvkqp"hqt"Fkgugn"Hwgn"hqt"vjg"Ncuv"cpf"Eqokpi"[gctu" " Fkgugn"hwgn" 4227" 4232" Dghqtg"4222" *NUF+" *WNUF+" PUF" Uwnhwt" rroyv."ocz" 572" 72" 722" Fgpukv{" mi1o5"."ocz" :67" :67" :82" Egvcpg"pq0" Okp" 73" 73" 6;" V;7" E."ocz" 582" 582" 592" RCJ" yv0'."ocz" 33" 33" p0t0" " " " " " " " 33 40505" V{rgu"qh"Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu" " " Vjg"uvwfkgu"qh"uwnhwt"eqorqwpfu"fkuvtkdwvkqp"kp"etwfg"qknu"cpf"kvu"rtqfwevu"jcu"dggp" gzvgpukxgn{" uvctvgf" ukpeg" vjg" 3:;2u" cpf" kv" jcu" dgeqog" rquukdng" vq" pqvg" xctkqwu" igpgtcnkvkgu0" " Vjg" fkuvtkdwvkqp" qh" vjg" fkhhgtgpv" v{rgu" qh" qticpke" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" xctkgu" pqvkegcdn{"coqpi"etwfg"qknu"qh"xctkgf"qtkikpu0"Jqygxgt."vjg"htcevkqp"qh"uwnhwt"yknn"kpetgcug" cu"vjg"etwfg"qkn"htcevkqp"dqknkpi"rqkpv"kpetgcug"*Urgkijv."3;;;+0"Igpgtcnn{."Uwnhwt"eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu"uwej"cu"vjkqnu"*ogtecrvgpgu+."uwnhkfgu"cpf"vjkqrjgpgu"kpenwfkpi"kvu"fgtkxcvkxgu" ctg"urtgcf"vjtqwijqwv"oquv"qh"rgvtqngwo"htcevkqpu"dwv."qxgtcnn."vjg"oclqt"coqwpv"*82'"qt" oqtg+" qh" vjg" uwnhwt" htcevkqp" rtgugpv" kp" vjg" jkij" oqngewnct" ygkijv" eqorqpgpvu0" Vjg" fkuvtkdwvkqp" qh" vjg" uwnhwt/eqpvckpkpi" eqpuvkvwgpvu" qh" rgvtqngwo" jcu" dggp" fgvgtokpgf" vq" kpenwfg"vjg"hqnnqykpi"eqorqwpf"v{rgu<" " 30"Pqpvjkqrjgpke"uwnhwt."k0g0"uwnhkfgu"*T/U/T3+." 40"Vjkqrjgpgu." 50"Dgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu." 60"Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu." 70"Dgp¦qpcrjvjqvjkqrjgpgu."cpf" 80"Fkpcrjvjqvjkqrjgpgu0" " " Wpvkn" pqy." rctvkewnct" qticpke" oqngewnct" uvtwevwtgu" qh" uwnhwt" eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" jcxg" dggp" guvcdnkujgf" qpn{" hqt" tgncvkxgn{" nqy" oqngewnct" ygkijv" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu0" Vjgug" eqorqwpfu"ctg"eqpvckpkpi"nqygt"oqngewnct"ygkijv"eqpuvkvwgpvu."igpgtcnn{"ykvj"nguu"vjcp"37" ectdqp"cvqou"yjkej"jcxg"dqknkpi"rqkpvu"nqygt"vjcp"472Î522̇E0"" " " Vcdng"40;"dgnqy"cpf""Hkiwtg"406"dgnqy"ctg"rtgugpv"fkhhgtgpv"v{rgu"qh"qticpke"uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu"kp"vtcpurqtvcvkqp"hwgnu="icuqnkpg."lgv"hwgn"cpf"fkgugn."vtceg"ngxgnu"kp"vjg"hqto"qh" ogtecrvcpu"Uwnhwt"eqorqwpfu"ku"wuwcnn{"vjg"qpn{"jgvgtqcvqo"vq"dg"hqwpf"kp"vjg"pcrjvjc" htcevkqp."kp"vjg"hqto"qh"*vjkqnu."T/UJ+"vjkqrjgpqnu"*E8J7UJ+."uwnhkfgu"*T/U/T3."cnm{n"uwnhkfgu." cpf"hkxg/"qt"ukz/tkpi"e{enke"vjkce{encpg"uvtwevwtgu+."cpf"vq"c"nguugt"gzvgpv."fkuwnhkfgu"*T/U0U/ T3+0"Uwnhwt/jgvgtqe{enke"eqorqwpfu"rtgugpegu"kp"vjg"okf/fkuvknncvg"tcpig"ctg"rtkoctkn{"vjg"" " 34 vjkce{encpg"fgtkxcvkxgu."dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"fgtkxcvkxgu"cpf"fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"fgtkxcvkxgu"ykvj" nguugt"coqwpvu"fkcnm{n/."fkct{n/"cpf"ct{n/cnm{n"uwnhkfgu0"Jqygxgt."qticpke"uwnhwt"eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu"ctg"ukipkhkecpv"eqpvtkdwvqtu"vq"vjg"xcewwo"icu"qkn"htcevkqpu"jcxkpi"jkij"dqknkpi" tcpigu" cdqxg" 572qE" vq" 772qE" *Oc" et al.," 3;;9+0" Vjg" oclqt" uwnhwt" urgekgu" ctg<" cnm{n" dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" fgtkxcvkxgu." fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" fgtkxcvkxgu." dgp¦qpcrjvjqvjkqrjgpg" fgtkxcvkxgu."cpf"rjgpcpvjtqvjkqrjgpg"fgtkxcvkxgu0"" " " Vcdng"40;<"V{rgu"qh"Qticpke"Uwnhwt"Eqpvckpkpi"Eqorqwpfu"kp"Rgvtqngwo"cpf"Kvu"Rtqfwevu" " " " Vjkqnu" " " " Uwnhkfgu" " " " Fkuwnhkfgu" " " " Vjkqrjgpgu" " " " " Dgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu" " " Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu" " " " 35 " " Hkiwtg"406"""Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu"Kp"Eqoogtekcn"Icuqnkpg."Lgv"Hwgn"Cpf"Fkgugn"Hwgn" Kfgpvkhkgf"d{"IE/HRF"Cpcn{uku"Eqwrngf"Ykvj"IE/OU"*Uqpi"et al.,"4225+0" " " 40506" JFU"Tgcevkxkv{"qh"Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu" " " Vjg" ockp" mg{" vq" cejkgxg" wnvtc/fggr" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" ku" vjg" tgoqxcn" qh" tghtcevqt{" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu0" Jqygxgt." vjg" tgcevkxkv{" qh" uwnhwt" eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" vqyctf" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"tgcevkqpu"ku"fgrgpfgpeg"qp"vjg" qxgtcnn"ujcrg"cpf"vjg" gpxktqpogpv"qh"vjg" uwnhwt" cvqo" kp" vjg" oqngewng0" Xct{" qh" vjku" tgcevkxkv{" rnc{" xgt{" korqtvcpv" tqng" tgictfkpi" vjg" JFU"ghhgevkxgpguu0"" " " "" Ceeqtfkpi" vq" vjg" tgegpv" uvwfkgu" eqpegtpkpi" fkgugn" JFU." vjg" uwnhwt" eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" ecp" dg" encuukhkgf" kpvq" hqwt" itqwru" dcugf" qp" vjgkt" JFU" tgcevkxkv{" vjcv" ygtg" fguetkdgf"d{"vjg"rugwfq/hktuv/qtfgt"tcvg"eqpuvcpvu"*Oc"et al.,"3;;6.3;;7+0"Vjg"hktuv"itqwr"ku" fqokpcpvn{"cnm{n"DVu="vjg"ugeqpf."FDV"cpf"cnm{n"FDVu"ykvjqwv"cnm{n"uwduvkvwgpvu"cv"vjg"6/" cpf"8/rqukvkqpu="vjg"vjktf."cnm{n"FDVu"ykvj"qpn{"qpg"cnm{n"uwduvkvwgpv"cv"gkvjgt"vjg"6/"qt"8/ 36 rqukvkqp=" vjg" hqwtvj." cnm{n" uwduvkvwgpvu" cv" vjg" 6/" cpf" 8/rqukvkqpu0" Vjg" tcpmkpi" qh" fkhhgtgpv" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" tgcevkxkv{" kp" Hkiwtg" 407" ku" ceeqtfkpi" vq" ygnn/mpqyp" gzrgtkogpvcn" qdugtxcvkqpu"cpf"c"jwig"coqwpv"qh"nkvgtcvwtg"kphqtocvkqp"rgthqtogf"d{"Uqpi"et al., *4224+0"" " Hkiwtg"407""""Tgncvkqpujkru"dgvyggp"vjg"Tgcevkxkv{"cpf"vjg"Uk¦g"qh"Uwnhwt"Eqpvckpkpi"Oqfgn" Eqorqwpfu"*Uqpi"et al.,"4224+"" " " 40507" JFU"Tgcevkqp"Rcvjyc{u"qh"Fkhhgtgpv"Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu" " " Vjg"ogejcpkuo"qh"JFU"tgcevkqp"ku"vjqwijv"vq"rcuu"vjtqwij"vyq"ockp"ejcppgnu"vjcv" ctg"uwrrqugf"vq"vcmg"rnceg"qp"vyq"v{rgu"qh"ukvgu<"3+"fktgev"engcxcig"qh"vjg"E/U"nkpm"vq"ikxg" dkrjgp{n<" fktgev" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" *FFU+." 4+" J{ftqigpcvkqp" qpg" qh" " tkpi" dgp¦gpqke" *J[F+." hqnnqygf" d{" tgoqxcn" qh" U" ngcfu" vq" rtqfweg" e{enqjgz{ndgp¦gpg0" Jqygxgt." pkvtqigp/ eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" ctg" fgvtkogpvcn" kp" fggr" JFU." cu" vjg{" jkpfgt" vjg" JFU" qh" uwnhwt/ eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" vjtqwij" eqorgvkvkxg" cfuqtrvkqp" vjtqwij" vjg" ecvcn{vke" cevkxg" ukvgu" *Mcdg"et al0."3;;:="Hctci"et al0."3;;;+0" 37 4050703"Vjkqrjgpgu"" " " Gctn{." kv" ku" dgnkgxgf" vjcv" vjcv" vjkqrjgpg" tgcevu" d{" ogcpu" qh" vyq" rctcnngn" rcvjyc{u" *Mkncpqyumk" et al.." 3;:2+" cu" ujqyp" kp" Hkiwtg" 408" *Hwlkmcyc" et al.," 3;;;=" Jqwcnnc" et al.," 3;:2+0" Vjg" hktuv" rcvjyc{" tgrtgugpvgf" d{" vjg" j{ftqigpcvgf" qh" vjkqrjgpg" tkpi" rtkqt" vq" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp="vjku"ku"mpqyp"cu"vjg"j{ftqigpcvkqp"rcvjyc{"*J[F+0"Kp"vjg"ugeqpf"rcvjyc{" mpqyp"cu"vjg"j{ftqigpqn{uku"rcvjyc{"*J[I+"ngcfkpi"vq"dqpf"hkuukqp."wuwcnn{"qeewt"fwg"vq" vjg" cvvcem" d{" cfuqtdgf" j{ftqigp" cv" vjg" uwnhwt" cvqo." jqygxgt." vjg" vjkqrjgpg" tkpi" ecp" dg" urnkv0"Uwnhwt"ku"tgoqxgf"kp"vjg"hqto"qh"J4U."ngcxkpi"dwvcfkgpg"cu"vjg"qvjgt"rtqfwev0"" " " " " Hkiwtg"408"""Vjkqrjgpg"Tgcevkqp"Rcvjyc{u"" " " " Tgugctejgtu" cpf" eq/yqtmgtu" eqpenwfgf" vjcv" J{ftqigpqn{uku" cpf" j{ftqigpcvkqp" tgcevkqpu"ctg"eqpukfgtgf"vq"qeewt"cv"fkhhgtgpv"ukvgu0"Fktgev"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"tgcevkqpu"*FFU+" qeewttkpi"cv"j"ukvgu"yjkng"j{ftqigpcvkqp"qeewttkpi"cv"k"ukvgu."vjku"hcev"ycu"qdugtxgf"d{"Xcp" Rctklu" cpf" Htqogpv." 3;:8." yjgp" rgthqtokpi" c" ugv" qh" gzrgtkogpvu0" Vjg{" uwiiguvgf" c" tgcevkqp"pgvyqtm"kp"yjkej"vjkqrjgpg"ku"j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦gf"vq"ikxg"3/dwvgpg."EKu/"cpf"vtcpu/ 4/dwvgpg."hqnnqygf"d{"vjg"ugeqpfct{"j{ftqigpcvkqp"qh"vjg"dwvgpgu"vq"ikxg"dwvcpg0"" " " " " 38 4050704"Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"*FDV+"cpf"Vjgkt"Cnm{n"Fgtkxcvkxgu" " " Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"*FDV+"tgcevkqp"pgv/yqtm"cu"ujqyp"kp"Hkiwtg"409"ycu"rtqrqugf"d{" Octkpc" cpf" Tqgn" *4226+0" Dcugf" qp" vjgkt" uvwfkgu." vjg{" fgvgevgf" dkrjgp{n" *DkRj+" cu" vjg" oclqt" tgcevkqp" rtqfwev" ykvj" c" uocnn" coqwpv" qh" e{enqjgz{ndgp¦gpg" *EJD+0" C" uvwf{" qh" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" *FDV+" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" kp" vjg" rtgugpeg" qh" cffgf" DkRj" cpf" J4U" ycu" rgthqtogf"d{"Ycpi" et al."*422;+0"Vjg{"jcxg"dggp"qdugtxgf"vjcv"eqpxgtukqp"ukipkhkecpvn{" tgfwegf" dgecwug" qh" vjg" cffkvkqp" qh" dkrjgp{n." yjkng" J4U" jcf" pq" ghhgev0" Vjku" hcev" ngcfu" vq" rtqrqugu"vjcv"vjg"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"tcvg"qh"FDV"ku"kpjkdkvgf"d{"dkrjgp{n"pqv"d{"J4U"rtqfwegf" fwtkpi"vjg"JFU"tgcevkqp0" " " Ikuu{" et al." 3;:2" eqpfwevgf" c" uvwf{" qh" FDV" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" wpfgt" cvoqurjgtke" rtguuwtg="vjg{"fgvgevgf"qpn{"DkRj"cpf"J4U0"C"eqpugswgpv"uvwf{"ceeqornkujgf"d{"Jqwcnnc" et al0" 3;:2." jg" tgrqtvgf" rugwfq" hktuv/qtfgt" mkpgvkeu" hqt" vjg" JFU" tgcevkqp" qh" ogvj{n" uwduvkvwvgf" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu=" jg" eqpenwfgf" vjcv" vjg" oclqtkv{" qh" vjg" e{enqjgz{ndgp¦gpg" rtqfwegf" ycu" xkc" vjg" rtqfwevkqp" qh" c" tgcevkxg" kpvgtogfkcvg" yjkej" ycu" vjgp" fguwnhwtk¦gf0"" Jqygxgt." cnn" vjgug" uvwfkgu" rtqrqugf" vjg" rctvkcn" j{ftqigpcvkqp" rtqfwev" qh" DkRj" kp" ceeqtfcpeg" ykvj" Hkiwtg" 40:0" Vjcv" ngcfu" vq" ugswgpvkcn" ogejcpkuo" hqt" vjg" rtqfwevkqp" qh" uocnn"coqwpvu"qh"EJD."" " " " " " " " Hkiwtg"409<"""Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu"tgcevkqp"Ugswgpvkcn"ogejcpkuo" " " " " " " 39 Vcdng"4032<"JFU"Uvwfkgu"qh"Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu"d{"Ukpijcn"et al.*3;:3+0" " Uvctvkpi" V""*"E+" R""*ORc+ Eqpxgtukqp" ocvgtkcn" FDV" DkRj" Rtqfwevu"*oqn"'+" *'+" FDV" DkRj" EJD" 522" 503" 62" 82" 5902" 502" 532" 503" 77" 67" 7202" 702" 547" 503" :7" 37" 9807" :07" 522" 503" 205" " ;;09" 205" " " " " " 532" 503" 209" ;;05" 209" " " " " " 547" 503" 30:" ;:04" 30:" " EJD" 547" 503" 202" 322" " c" ecvcn{uv<" Eq1Oq1Cn4Q5" *EqQ.509'=" OqQ5." 35'=" UkQ4." 30:'+=" 8j/3=" tgcevqt" v{rg<" vtkemng" dgf="hggf<"32"yv0"'"uwnhwt"kp"vgvtcnkp" " " " " CHB K2 K1 " DBT + H2 A* " A* K4 K3 " BiPh " Hkiwtg"40:"""Rctcnngn"Rcvjyc{"Ogejcpkuou"" " " Vjg"mkpgvke"gswcvkqp"hqt"FDV"eqpxgtukqp"tcvg"ycu"rtqrqugf"vq"dg"kp"vjg"hqto"qh"c" NcpiowktÎJkpujgnyqqf"gswcvkqp"cu"ujqyp"kp"gswcvkqpu"403"cpf"404<" " """""""""""""""""""""""&f"]FDV̲"fv" " " " 40 " " *403+" " " K1KDBTKH2PDBTPH2 """ (1+KDBTPDBT+KprodPprod)(1+KH2P H2) " " """"""*404+" " " Dtqfgtkem" et al." 3;:4" ygtg" cnuq" rtqrqugf" vjg" tgcevkqp" tcvg" gswcvkqpu0" Vjg" tcvg" gswcvkqp"hqt"j{ftqigpqn{uku"tgcevkqp"eqttgurqpf"vq"c"NcpiowktÎJkpujgnyqqf"ogejcpkuo=" vjg"nkokvkpi"uvgr"qh"tgcevkqp"tcvg"dgkpi"vjg"uwthceg"tgcevkqp"dgvyggp"cfuqtdgf"j{ftqigp"qp" qpg"vjg"ecvcn{uv"ukvg"ykvj"FDV"cfuqtdgf"qp"cpqvjgt"ukvg0"Kp"c"ukoknct"yc{"vq"vjkqrjgpg"cpf" dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"tcvgu."jqygxgt."vjg"tcvg"qh"fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"JFU"tgcevkqp"ku"kpjkdkvgf"d{" vjg"tgcevcpvu"eqorqpgpvu"cpf"d{"J4U0"Vjg"tcvg"gswcvkqpu"uvcvgf"cu"Gswcvkqp"405"cpf"406" ctg"ukoknct"vq"vjqug"hqt"vjkqrjgpg"cpf"dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"cpf"vjgug"ecp"dg"uggp"dgnqy<" " 30"""Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"j{ftqigpqn{uku<" " " """"""""" (2.3) " "" " 40"""Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"j{ftqigpcvkqp<""" " " " (2.4) " " " yjgtg" FDV" tgrtgugpvu" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" cu" c" oqfgn" eqorqwpf." m" ku" vjg" tcvg" eqpuvcpv" hqt" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" j{ftqigpqn{uku" tgcevkqp" *oqn1*i" qh" ecvcn{uv" u&3+." MFDV" tgrtgugpvu" vjg" cfuqtrvkqp" rctcogvgt" hqt" FDV" *cvo&3+." EFDV" ku" vjg" eqxgtcig" qh" FDV" qp" ecvcn{uv"uwthceg."EJ4"vjg"eqxgtcig"qh"J4"qp"vjg"uwthceg"qh"vjg"ecvcn{uv."MJ4"U"vjg"cfuqtrvkqp" rctcogvgt" hqt" J4U" *cvo&3+." EJ4U" vjg" eqxgtcig" qh" J4U" qp" vjg" ecvcn{uv" uwthceg." m)" vjg" tcvg" eqpuvcpv"hqt"FDV"j{ftqigpcvkqp"*oqn1*i"qh"ecvcn{uv"u&3+."M)FDV"vjg"cfuqtrvkqp"rctcogvgt"hqt" FDV" kp" FDV" j{ftqigpcvkqp" *cvo&3+." cpf" M)J4" vjg" cfuqtrvkqp" rctcogvgt" hqt" J4" kp" FDV" j{ftqigpcvkqp"*cvo&3+0" 41 40508" Ghhgev"qh"Uwnrjkfcvkqp"Rtqeguu" " " Kpfggf."kv"jcu"dggp"hqwpf"vjcv"nkswkf/rjcug"uwnrjkfkpi"ku"tgeqipk¦gf"oqtg"rtqhkekgpv" vjcp"icu/rjcug"tqwvg0"Vjg"cfxcpvcigu"qh"nkswkf"rjcug"uwnhkfkpi."ykvj"tgurgev"vq"icu"rjcug" uwnrjkfcvkqp" ku" vjcv" vjg" j{ftqectdqp" uqnxgpv" *ecttkgt+" eqpvtkdwvg" kp" ygvvkpi" cpf" vjwu" kp" uwrrn{" c" uwrgtkqt" fkuvtkdwvkqp" qh" uwnhwt" urgekgu" cetquu" vjg" ecvcn{uv" dgf" cpf" eqpukuvgpvn{" rtqxkfg"eqorngvg"uwnhkfkpi"qh"vjg"ogvcn"qzkfg"qh"vjg"ecvcn{uv0"""Kp"cffkvkqp."vjg"j{ftqectdqp" uqnxgpv" cnuq" ckfu" cu" c" fguegpf" qh" jgcv" rtqfwegf" yjkej" cnnqy" hqt" dgvvgt" eqpvtqn" qh" vjg" gzqvjgtoke"tgcevkqpu"dgvyggp"uwnhwt"urgekgu"cpf" vjg"ogvcn"qh"vjg"ecvcn{uv0"Vjku"vqngtcvgu" hqt" c" oqtg" tcrkf" cpf" eqorngvg" uwnrjkfcvkqp" qh" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" ecvcn{uv" *Cduk" Jcncdk" et al.." 3;;8+0" " Kp"c"eqorctkuqp"uvwf{"dgvyggp"vyq"hqtou"qh"nkswkf/rjcug"uwnhkfkpi"rtqegfwtgu."vjg" qdvckpgf"j{ftqvtgcvkpi"ecvcn{uv"yjkej"uwnrjkfkgf"ykvj"vjg"urkmgf"cigpv"qpg"jcu"tgxgcngf"vq" cvvckp" oczkowo" cevkxkv{" 9Î:'" jkijgt" vjcp" vjg" qpg" vjcv" uwnhkfg" wukpi" pqp/urkmgf" rtguwnhkfkpi" cigpv" *Fkpi" cpf" ¥jgpi." 4228+0" Kv" ujqwnf" dg" ogpvkqpkpi" jgtg" vjcv" c" urkmkpi" cigpv"ku"cp"qticpke"uwnhwt"eqorqwpf"vjcv"tgngcugu"J4U"cv"c"owej"nqygt"vgorgtcvwtg"vjcp" vjg"uwnhwt"eqorqwpfu"yjkej"rtgugpvgf"kp"vjg"tgcn"hggf"uvqemu0""Jqygxgt."vjgtg"ctg"xctkqwu" urkmkpi" cigpvu" vjcv" tgiwnctn{" gornq{gf" hqt" cevkxcvkqp" qh" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" ecvcn{uvu." uwej" cu" fkogvj{n" fkuwnhkfg" *FOFU+." dwvcpgvjkqn." fkvgtvkct{" ectdqp" fkuwnhkfg" *EU4+." fkogvj{n" uwnhkfg" *FOU+." gvj{n" ogtecrvcp" *GO+." fkogvj{n" uwnhqzkfg" *FOUQ+." pqp{n" rqn{uwnhkfg" *VPRU+." p/ dwvj{n" ogtecrvcp" *PDO+0" Coqpi" vjgug" uwnhkfkpi" cigpvu." FOFU" jcu" ujqyp" dgvvgt" rgthqtocpeg" fwtkpi" eqoogtekcn" cpf" ncdqtcvqt{" rtguwnhkfkpi0" Jqygxgt." vjg" rtguwnhkfkpi" urkmkpi"cigpv"dg"uwrrqugf"vq"dgikp"cv"c"tcvg"cfgswcvg"vq"igpgtcvg"c"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"qh"207/ 4"yv0"'"kp"vjg"hggfuvqem0"" " Vjg"eqpegpvtcvkqp"qh"vjg"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"qh"vjg"urkmgf"hggf"ujqwnf"dg"tgugtxgf"vq"dg" cv"qt"dgnqy"3"yv0"'"kp"qtfgt"vq"vgorgtcvg"vjg"gzqvjgtocn"tgcevkqpu"qeewttgf"cu"vjg"ecvcn{uv" dgkpi"uwnhkfgf0""Kp"vjg"hktuv"uvcig"qh"uwnrjkfcvkqp"rtqegfwtg."vjg"vgorgtcvwtg"qh"vjg"ecvcn{vke" dgf" ujqwnf" pqv" dg" cnnqygf" vq" iq" dg{qpf" 482qE0" Jqygxgt." kpkvkcn" uwnrjkfcvkqp" cv" jkijgt" vgorgtcvwtg"ngcfu"vq"gpjcpeg"eqmg"hqtocvkqp"cpf"kortqxg"vjg"tgfwevkqp"qh"vjg"ogvcn"qzkfg" vq"¦gtq"xcngpeg"ogvcn"dghqtg"vqvcn"uwnrjkfcvkqp"ku"eqorngvg0"Chvgt"vjku"dgikppkpi"uvcig."vjg" ecvcn{vke"dgf"vgorgtcvwtg"ecp"dg"vjgp"itcfwcnn{"kpetgcugf"vq"537/552"qE"*Ngnkxgnf" et al.." 3;;9+0" 42 Dghqtg"uvctvkpi"uwnrjkfcvkqp"rtqegfwtg."vyq"oclqt"uvgru"ctg"uwiiguvgf"vq"cvvckp"vjg" oquv" hcxqtcdng" ecvcn{uv" cevkxkv{<" *3+" ft{kpi" qh" ecvcn{uv." dgecwug" vjg" ecvcn{uv" ecp" vcmg" wr" ycvgt" fwg" vq" vjg" j{itqueqrke" pcvwtg" qh" vjg" cnwokpc" ecttkgt" cpf" fwtkpi" jgcvkpi" wr" qh" vjg" ecvcn{uv" kp" ygv" eqpfkvkqpu" ykvj" qkn." vjg" ecvcn{uv" okijv" dg" ogejcpkecnn{" fcocigf." cpf" *4+" uqcmkpi"qh"vjg"ecvcn{uv."vq"ygv"vjg"ecvcn{uv"rctvkengu"rtqrgtn{"kp"qtfgt"vq"cxqkf"vjg"gzkuvgpeg" qh"ft{"ctgcu"kp"vjg"ecvcn{uv"dgf."yjkej"wnvkocvgn{"fgetgcug"vjg"qxgtcnn"cevkxkv{0" " " 40509" Ghhgev"qh"Qrgtcvkpi"Eqpfkvkqpu"" " " Vjg" fgocpf" hqt" wnvtc" nqy" Uwnhwt" eqpvgpv" kp" vtcpurqtvcvkqp" hwgnu" yknn" tghngev" kp" oclqt" eqpugswgpegu" hqt" vjg" tghkpgtkgu" cpf" ukipkhkecpv" tguqwtegu" yknn" jcxg" vq" dg" eqookvvgf" vq" kortqxg" vjg" JFU" rtqeguugu" cpf" vq" kpvtqfweg" pgy" cpf" oqtg" fgxgnqrgf" cevkxg" ecvcn{uvu0" Tgoqxcn"qh"vjg"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"ku"cejkgxcdng"d{"gornq{kpi"oqfkhkgf"qrgtcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu"hqt" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" wpkvu" ykvj" tgurgev" vq" vjg" korqtvcpv" kpfgrgpfgpv" xctkcdngu" nkmg" tgcevkqp" vgorgtcvwtg" cpf" nkswkf" jqwtn{" urceg" xgnqekv{" *NJUX+0" Jqygxgt." JFU" tgcevkqp" cv" jkij" tgcevkqp"vgorgtcvwtg"*V.qE+"yknn"tguwnv"kp"kpetgcug"vjg"eqmg"hqtocvkqp"qp"vjg"ecvcn{uv"yjkej" vgpfu"vq"fgcevkxcvg"vjg"ecvcn{uv"tcrkfn{."cpf"wukpi"nqy"Nkswkf"jqwtn{"urceg"xgnqekv{"*NJUX+" yknn" tguwnv" kp" fgetgcug" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" ghhkekgpe{." vjgtghqtg." cffkvkqpcn" tgcevqt" qt" nctigt" tgcevqt"tgrncegogpv"ku"tgswktgf0"Cu"c"tguwnv."vjg"dguv"crrtqcej"qh"cvvckpkpi"vjg"wnvtc/fggr" WN/JFU" ykvjqwv" xct{kpi" vjg" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" cpf" cxqkf" c" equv/ghhgevkxg" ocppgt" ku" vq" fgxgnqr"cp"ghhgevkxg"ecvcn{uv"jcxkpi"c"uwrgt"jkij"JFU"cevkxkv{0" " " Vjg" fcvc" kp" Vcdng" 4033" ctg" ejqugp" dcugf" qp" vyq" fkhhgtgpv" kpfgrgpfgpv" xctkcdngu=" ecvcn{uv" cevkxkv{" qh" Eq/Oq" cpf" tgcevqt" vgorgtcvwtg" hqt" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" c" 722" rroyv" uwnhwt" hggf/uvqem0"Vjg"fcvc"rtgugpvgf"kp"vjg"vcdng"ujqy"vjcv"xgt{"nctig"kortqxgogpvu"kp"ecvcn{uv" cevkxkvkgu" cpf" tgswktgf" kpetgcug" kp" dgf" vgorgtcvwtg" ctg" pgeguuct{" kp" qtfgt" vq" cvvckp" vjg" fguktgf"tgfwevkqpu"kp"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"kp"vjg"rtqfwev"qh"fkgugn"nkswkf"hwgnu0"Jqygxgt."cu"ujqyp" kp" Hkiwtg" 40;." kv" ecp" dg" tgxgcngf" vjcv" cdqwv" hqwt" vkogu" oqtg" qh" ecvcn{uvu" cevkxkvkgu" ctg" pggfgf"vq"cejkgxg"vjg"tgswktgf"tgfwevkqp"kp"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"htqo"722"vq"72"rroyv."uq"vjg" v{rkecn"Eq/Oq"ecvcn{uv"kv"ku"pqv"c"uvcvg/qh/vjg/ctv"ecvcn{uv0"Jqygxgt."kv"engctn{"fgoqpuvtcvgu" vjg"mg{"kuuwg"kp"vjg"JFU"rtqeguu"*Mpwfugp"et al.,"3;;;="Uqpi"et al.,"4225+0" " 43 " Kp" cffkvkqpu." cpqvjgt" etkvkecn" ukvwcvkqp" yknn" dg" gzkuv" ." kh" pgy" rj{ukecn" rtqrgtvkgu" urgekhkecvkqpu" nkmg" fgpukv{." rqn{/ctqocvke" eqpvgpv" cpf" Egvcpg" pwodgt" hqt" vjg" fkgugn" rtqfwevu" ctg" kpvtqfwegf." cp{" qh" vjgug" eqwnf" ocmg" kv" " oqtg" fkhhkewnv" hqt" vjg" tghkpgtkgu" vq" cejkgxg" nguu" vjcp" vjg" 72" rroyv" uwnhwt" urgekhkecvkqp0" Igpgtcnn{." kv" ku" qrvkocn" vq" cvvckp" vjg" pgy" hwgn" urgekhkecvkqpu" d{" vcmkpi" kpvq" eqpukfgtcvkqp" dqvj" ecvcn{uv" cpf" rtqeguu" kuuwgu" *Vqru¼g" et al0." 3;;8=" Yjkvgjwtuv" et al.," 3;;:+0" Ceeqtfkpi" vq" vjg" cdqxg" hcev." fggr" wpfgtuvcpfkpi" qh" JFU" tgcevkqp" ogejcpkuo" ku" gzvtgogn{" tgswktgf" cpf" kv" yknn" dg" xgt{" kphqtocvkxg"tgictfkpi"vjg"kortqxgogpv"qh"JFU"ecvcn{vke"rgthqtocpeg0" " " Vcdng"4033<"Tgswktgf"Kpetgcug"kp"Ecvcn{uv"Cevkxkv{"cpf"Tgcevqt"Vgorgtcvwtg"hqt"WN/JFU" " Eqpegpvtcvkqp"qh""uwnhwt"kp" Ecvcn{uv"cevkxkv{" kpetgcug"kp"tgcevqt" Rtqfwev"*rroyv+" *'+" vgorgtcvwtg"*qE+" 722" 322" 2" 572" 352" -9" 422" 3;2" -39" 322" 522" -4;" 72" 642" -5:" " c "722"rroyv"ku"ejqugp"cu"vjg"dcug"ecug"cpf"NJUX"ku"mgrv"eqpuvcpv0"Vjg"fcvc"ctg"hqt"c" v{rkecn"EqÎOq"ecvcn{uv0" " " 44 " " Hkiwtg"40;"""Tgncvkxg"Xqnwog"qh"Ecvcn{uv"Dgf"Tgswktgf"hqt"Cvvckpkpi"Nqy"Ngxgnu"qh"Fkgugn" Uwnhwt"Wukpi"Eqpxgpvkqpcn"JFU"ecvcn{uv"*Uqpi"cpf"Z0"Oc."4225+" " " 4050:" Ghhgev"qh"Hggfuvqem"" " " Qpg"qh"vjg"oquv"ghhgevkxg"xctkcdngu"wrqp"vjg"JFU"tgcevkqp"tcvg"ku"vjg"pcvwtg"qh"vjg" oqfgn" tgcevcpv" eqorqwpf" *uqnxgpv+0" Fkhhgtgpv" v{rgu" qh" oqfgn" j{ftqectdqp" eqorqwpfu" *Uqnxgpv"u{uvgou+"jcxg"dggp"hqwpf"vq"chhgev"vjg"tcvg"qh"tgcevkqp."Mcdg"et al."3;;5"uvwfkgf" vjg" tcvg" qh" dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" JFU" kp" c" tcpig" qh" fkhhgtgpv" oqfgn" eqorqwpfu" *vqnwgpg." fgecnkp."p/rgpvcfgecpg"cpf"3/ogvj{npcrjvjcngpg+0"Kp"cffkvkqp."JFU"qh"fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" ycu"uvwfkgf"kp"p/jgrvcpg."z{ngpg."fgecnkp"cpf"vgvtcnkp0"Vjg"tcvgu"qh"JFU"kp"cnn"vjgug"oqfgn" eqorqwpfu"ygtg"gxcnwcvgf"qxgt"c"tcpig"qh"vgorgtcvwtgu."jqygxgt" cv"gcej"vgorgtcvwtg=" vjg"eqpxgtukqp"tcvg"qh"dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"ycu"fgetgcugf"kp"vjg"hqnnqykpi"qtfgt<"" Vqnwgpg" @" fgecnkp" @" p/rgpvcfgecpg" @" 3/ogvj{npcrjvjcngpg." Yjkng" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" eqpxgtukqp"cnuq"fgetgcugf"kp"vjg"qtfgt<"p/jgrvcpg"@""z{ngpg"@""fgecnkp"@""vgvtcnkp0" " Jkijn{" ctqocvke" oqfgn" eqorqwpfu" wugf" cu" c" uqnxgpv." uwej" cu" 3/ ogvj{npcrjvjcngpg." cfuqtd" eqorgvkvkxgn{" ykvj" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" qh" DV" cpf" FDV0" 45 Jqygxgt." vjku" rjgpqogpqp" ngcfu" vq" vjg" hcev" vjcv" eqorctcvkxg" uvwfkgu" qh" JFU" qh" DV" cpf" FDV"ecttkgf"qwv"kp"fkhhgtgpv"oqfgn"j{ftqectdqp"eqorqwpfu"ecppqv"dg"fktgevn{"eqorctgf." wpnguu"vjg"ghhgev"qh"vjg"uwnhwt"oqfgn"eqorqwpf"v{rg"owuv"dg"vcmgp"kpvq"ceeqwpv0"Mcdg"et al." 3;;5" rgthqtogf" c" uwdugswgpv" uvwf{" qh" JFU" qh" jkpfgtgf" FDVu0" Kp" vjku" uvwf{" Eq/ Oq1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uvu" ygtg" cnuq" gornq{gf" xkc" c" eqorngz" tgcn" eqorqwpf" *tcy" nkijv" qkn" hggfuvqem+."jqygxgt."vjg"tgcevkqp"qrgtcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu"ycu"ukoknct"vq"kpfwuvt{"gzrnqkvcvkqp" *k0g0" 4;" dct." 542Î5;2" qE+0" Jqygxgt" kv" ku" qdxkqwu" vjcv" uqog" eqorqwpfu" ctg" rctvkewnctn{" hngzkdng"ykvj"tgurgev"vq"JFU0"Qp"vjg"qvjgt"jcpf"uqog"qh"vjgo"ctg"pqv"tguknkgpv="rctvkewnctn{" wp/tgcevkxg" ctg" 6/OFDV" cpf" 6." 8/FOFDV" *uwduvkvwvgf" FDVu+0" Jqygxgt." Jku" kpurgevkqp" ycu"ngf"vjcv"vjg"JFU"tgcevkxkv{"fgetgcugu"kp"vjg"qtfgt<"FDV"@"6/OFDV"@"6="8/FOFDV" " Retention time (min) " " Hkiwtg"4032"""IE"Rtqhkng"qh"Tgcn"Hggf"Uvqem"*Nkijv"Icu"Qkn+"*Mcdg"et al.,"3;;5+" 46 Remaining Amount of Sulfur DBT % Temperature, oC " " Hkiwtg" 4033" " " Ejcpigu" Kp" Tgockpkpi" Coqwpv" qh" Uwnhwt" Kp" Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu" Ykvj" Vgorgtcvwtg<" " 6/Ogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg=" Qvjgt" " Fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg=" " E3/Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu=" 6." 8/ Qvjgt"E4/Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu"*Uqpi."4225+0" " " Kpfggf." vjku" hcev" ku" kp" c" iqqf" citggogpv" ykvj" vjg" rtgxkqwu" uvwfkgu" rgthqtogf" d{" Jqwcnnc"et al0"3;:20"Kp"cffkvkqp."JFU"tgcevkqpu"kp"c"dcvej"cwvqencxg"tgcevqt"hqt"c"xctkgv{"qh" uwnhwt"eqpvckpkpi"eqorqwpfu"ygtg"ecttkgf"qwv"d{"Oc"et al."3;;60"Jqygxgt."vjg"oclqtkv{"qh" vjg" uwnhwt" eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" ycu" cnm{n" DV" qt" cnm{n" FDV0" Jg" cpf" jku" eq/yqtmgtu" eqpenwfgf"vjcv"6/OFDV"cpf"6."8/FOFDV"ygtg"vjg"oquv"fkhhkewnv"tghtcevqt{"eqorqwpfu"vq" fguwnhwtk¦g0" " " 4050;" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"Ecvcn{uvu"" " " Vjg" ecvcn{uv" fgxgnqrogpv" jcu" dggp" qpg" qh" vjg" hqewugu" qh" kpfwuvtkcn" tgugctej" cpf" fgxgnqrogpv"hqt"fggr"JFU"*Ujkhngvv"cpf"Mtgp¦mg."4224+0""Hqt"gzcorng."pgy"cpf"kortqxgf" ecvcn{uvu" jcxg" dggp" fgxgnqrgf" cpf" octmgvgf" d{" Etkvgtkqp." Cm¦q" Pqdgn." KHR." Jcnfqt/ 47 Vqruqg." Wpkvgf" Ecvcn{uv1Uwf/Ejgokg." GzzqpOqdkn." Cfxcpegf" Tghkpkpi." Pkrrqp" Mgvlgp" kp" Lcrcp."cpf"TKRR"kp"Ejkpc0"Cm¦q"Pqdgn"jcu"fgxgnqrgf"cpf"eqoogtekcnk¦gf"xctkqwu"v{rgu" qh"ecvcn{uvu"vjcv"ecp"dg"wugf"hqt"JFU"qh"fkgugn"hggf<"MH"974."MH"978"cpf"MH"979."cpf"MH" :6:" *Cm¦q" Pqdgn." 42240+" MH" 974" ecp" dg" eqpukfgtgf" vq" dg" v{rkecn" qh" cp" Cm¦q" Pqdgn" ecvcn{uv0" " MH" 978" ku" c" EqÎOq" ecvcn{uv" ykvj" jkij" JFU" cevkxkv{=" kv" ycu" lqkpvn{" fgxgnqrgf" d{" Cm¦q" Pqdgn" cpf" Gzzqp" Tgugctej" cpf" Gpikpggtkpi" d{" crrn{kpi" c" pgy" cnwokpc/dcugf" ecttkgt" vgejpqnqi{" cpf" c" urgekcn" rtqoqvgt" kortgipcvkqp" vgejpkswg" vq" cnnqy" jkij" cpf" wpkhqto"fkurgtukqp"qh"ogvcnu0" "" " Oqn{dfgpwo"uwnhkfg"*Oq/U4+"rtqoqvgf"ykvj"Eqdcnv"uwnhkfg"*Eq/U+."rtqfwekpi"yjcv"ku" ecnngf"eqdcnv/oqn{dfgpwo"*Eq/Oq+."vjku"dkogvcnnke"ecvcn{uv"wuwcnn{"uwrrqtvgf"qp"cnwokpc." ku" vjg" oquv" ykfgn{" wugf" ecvcn{uv" kp" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" rtqeguu" hqt" j{ftqfguwnrjwtk¦cvkqp" tgcevkqpu="JFU"*Yjkvgjwtuv"et al.,"3;;:+0"Qp"vjg"qvjgt"jcpf."Pkemgn/oqn{dfgpwo"*Pk/Oq+" dkogvcnnke" ecvcn{uv" ku" wugf" hqt" j{ftqfgpkvtqigpcvkqp" *JFP+" cu" ygnn" cu" j{ftqfguwnrjwtk¦cvkqp" rtqeguu0" Vjku" ecvcn{vke" u{uvgo" ku" xgt{" f{pcoke" cpf" hngzkdng0" Kv" fgxgnqru" cpf" tguvtwevwtgu" fwtkpi" kvu" gpvktg" nkhg" e{eng." kpkvkcnn{" htqo" vjg" qzkfg" hqto" fwtkpi" rtgrctcvkqp" uvgr." qxgt" vjg" uwnhkfgu" fwtkpi" cevkxcvkqp" rtqegfwtg" cpf" wpfgt" tgcevkqp" eqpfkvkqpu." wr" vq" kvu" tgvwtp" vq" vjg" qzkfg" hqto" fwtkpi" tgigpgtcvkqp" rtqeguu" *Vqru¼g" et al.," 3;;8="Yjkvgjwtuv"et al.,"3;;:+0" " """ Jqygxgt." vjg" gornq{ogpv" qh" EqÎOq." PkÎOq" cpf" PkÎEqÎOq" ecvcn{uvu" v{rkecnn{" uwrrqtvgf" qp" cnwokpc" ykvj1ykvjqwv" oqfkhkgtu." ockpn{" fgrgpfu" qp" vjg" ghhkekgpe{" qh" tgcevqt" gswkrogpvu." qrgtcvkqp" eqpfkvkqpu" *vgorgtcvwtg." rtguuwtg+." v{rg" cpf" uwnhwt" eqpvgpvu" qh" hggfuvqem." cpf" fguktgf" tgfwegf" ngxgn" qh" uwnhwt" vq" dg" cejkgxgf0" Itcfwcnn{" oqtg" ugxgtg" eqpfkvkqpu" cpf" uwrrngogpvct{" cevkxg" ecvcn{uvu" ctg" wugf" vqfc{" hqt" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" rtqeguu0" Jqygxgt."kv"jcu"dggp"tgrqtvgf"vjcv"rqkukpi"qh"htguj"JFU"ecvcn{uv"*Eq/Oq"qt"Pk/Oq+"ykvj"c" uocnn"coqwpv"qh"uwnhwt"ku"dgpghkekcn"kp"okvkicvkpi"vjg"gzeguukxg"kpkvkcn"j{ftqigpqn{uku"cevkxkv{" qh"cevkxg"ukvgu0"Rtg/uwnrjkfcvkqp"qh"vjg"cevkxg"rjcug"ugngevkxgn{"dnqemu"vjg"j{rgtcevkxg"ukvgu" cpf"cxqkfu"cp"kpetgcug"qh"tgcevqt"vgorgtcvwtg"fwg"vq"vjg"gzeguukxg"j{ftqetcemkpi0" " " " " 48 "" Vjg"cevkxkv{"cpf"ugngevkxkv{"qh"vjgug"ecvcn{uvu"jcxg"dggp"kortqxgf"eqpukfgtcdn{"fwg" vq" eqpvkpwqwu" tgugctej" cpf" fgxgnqrogpv" kp" tgugctej" kpuvkvwvkqpu" cpf" ecvcn{uvu." cpf" rgvtqngwo"tghkpgt"eqorcpkgu"yqtnfykfg0"Jqygxgt."Vjg"rtgekug"qh"vjg"cevkxg"ukvgu"pcvwtg"kp" EqÎOq"qt"PkÎOq"ecvcn{uvu"u{uvgo"ku"uvknn"c"uwdlgev"qh"fkuewuu."dwv"vjg"Eq/Oq/U"*qt"Pk/Oq/ U" oqfgn" hqt" Pk/Oq" ecvcn{uv+" ku" pqy" vjg" oquv" ykfgn{" wugf" ykvj" xctkqwu" oqfkhkecvkqpu" xkc" fkhhgtgpv"cffkvkxgu"uwej"cu"dqtqp"qt"rjqurjqtwu"qt"uknkec"qt"d{"wukpi"oqtg"rtqoqvgtu"*g0i0." PkÎEqÎOq1Cn4Q5+"qt"d{"gornq{kpi"cp"kortqxgf"rtgrctcvkqp"ogvjqfu"*Vqruqg""et al.,"3;;8=" Rtkpu."4223+0"" "" " 4050;03"Eq/1Pk/Oq"Dkogvcnnke"JFU"Uwrrqtvgf"Ecvcn{uvu" " " Eqorctkuqp" qh" Eq/Oq1Cn4Q5" cpf" Pk/Oq1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uvu" yjkej" ku" vjg" oquv" ykfgn{" wugf" ecvcn{uv" kp" vjg" tghkpgt" yqtnfykfg" jcu" dggp" ykfgn{" kpxguvkicvgf0" C" fktgev" eqorctkuqp" uvwf{" rgthqtogf" d{" Oc" et al." *3;;8+" qp" vjg" tgcevkqp" rcvjyc{u" qh" vjg" vyq" ecvcn{uvu0" Jqygxgt."6."8/FOFDV"ycu"hqwpf"vq"dg"vjg"ngcuv"tg/cevkxg"uwduvtcvg"qp"dqvj"ecvcn{uvu."dwv" Pk/Oq1Cn4Q5" gzjkdkvgf" jkijgt" JFU" cevkxkv{" hqt" 6." 8/FOFDV" vjcp" Eq/Oq1Cn4Q50" Vjku" hcev" ycu" cvvtkdwvgf" vq" vjg" qypkpi" qh" jkij" j{ftqigpcvkqp" cevkxkv{" qh" Pk/Oq1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uvu0" Vjg" J{ftqigpcvkqp" tgcevkqp" qh" vjg" ctqocvke" tkpiu" ycu" eqpukfgtgf" vq" cuuwcig" vjg" uvtkev" jkpftcpeg" gpeqwpvgtgf" kp" vjg" JFU" qh" 6." 8/FOFDV." vjku" rjgpqogpqp" ycu" eqpukfgtgf" vq" dg" vjg" tgcuqp" hqt" kvu" nqy" tgcevkxkv{" *Kuqfc" et al.," 3;;7+0" Jqygxgt." Kv" ycu" fgvgtokpgf" vjcv" ::'" qh" vjg" JFU" tgcevkqpu" qh" 6." 8/FOFDV" ycu" ujqyp" vq" dg" ecttkgf" qwv" d{" vjg" j{ftqigpcvkqp"tqwvg"qp"vjgug"v{rgu"qh"ecvcn{uv0"" " " Kp" vjg" ecug" qh" Cn4Q5/uwrrqtvgf" EqÎOq" uwnhkfgf" ecvcn{uvu" u{uvgo." jqygxgt." vjg" uwnhkfcvkqp" uvgr" cv" vgorgtcvwtg" jkijgt" vjcp" :97" M" tguwnvgf" kp" cpqvjgt" v{rg" qh" Eq/OqU" ku" etgcvgf"qypkpi"cdqwv"vykeg"jkijgt"kpvtkpuke"cevkxkv{"vjcp"vjcv"hqtogf"cv"c"v{rkecn"uwnhkfcvkqp" vgorgtcvwtg." g0i0." 895" M0" Vjku" wpwuwcn" Eq/OqU" ku" pcogf" Eq/OqU" V{rg" KK." yjkng" vjg" v{rkecn"ncvvgt"Eq/OqU"ku"ecnngf"V{rg"K"*Ecpfkc"et al.,"3;:6+0"Vcdng"4034"ikxgu"vjg"Uwooct{" qh"Kpvgpukxgn{"Wugf"Ecvcn{uv"*Bi-metallic+"cv"xctkqwu"qrgtcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu"cpf"tgcevqtu"hqt" vjg"Ncuv"Fgecfgu0" " " 49 Coqpi" vjg" Eq/Oq/U" ecvcn{uvu" uvtwevwtg" uwrrqtvgf" qxgt" cnwokpc." guugpvkcnn{" vjg" oquv"cevkxg"ycu"tghgttgf"vq"vjg"rjcug"qh"v{rg"KK"*Eq/Oq/U"KK+."cpf"nguu"cevkxg"ycu"tghgttgf" vq" rjcug" qh" v{rg" K" *Eq/Oq" /UK+." v{rg" K" uvtwevwtg" ku" cuuwogf" vq" dg" nkpmgf" vq" vjg" uwrrqtv" vjtqwij"Oq/Q/Cn"nkpmcigu"cpf"nguu"uvcemkpi."yjkng"vjg"uvtwevwtg"qh"v{rg"KK"ku"jkijgt"cpf"hgy" uvcemkpi" nkpmu" ykvj" vjg" uwrrqtv0" Jqygxgt." vjg" uwrrqtvgf" ecvcn{uv" nkpmcigu" kp" EqÎOqÎU" K" v{rg"rtqdcdn{"jkpfgt"vjg"tgcevcpv"oqngewngu"htqo"crrtqcejkpi"vjg"cevkxg"rjcug"ukvgu"qh"vjg" ecvcn{uv."Hqt"vjku"uvtkev"tgcuqp."kv"jcu"dggp"eqpenwfgf"vjcv"Eq"OqÎU"KK"ku"oqtg"cevkxg"vjcp" EqÎOqÎU"K"cnvjqwij"Oquudcwgt"vgejpkswg"cpf"GZCHU"ukipcnu"qh"v{rgu"K"cpf"KK"uvtwevwtgu" ctg"vjg"ucog"*Rtkpu."4223="Fccig"cpf"Ejkcpgnnk"3;;6+0" " 50 " Vcdng"4034<"Uwooct{"qh"Kpvgpukxgn{"Wugf"Ecvcn{uv"*Bi-metallic+"cv"xctkqwu"qrgtcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu"hqt"vjg"Ncuv"Fgecfg" * (Houalla et al., 1980) (Kilanowski et al., 1978) (Kabe et al., 1992) (Kabe et al., 1993) (Ma et al 1994) (Lamuremeille et al., 1995) (Landau et al., 1996) (Zhang et al., 1996) (Ma al 1996) (Maet etal., al et 1996) (Ma 1996) (Ma et al., 1996) (Isoda et al., 1996) (Mochida et al.,1996) (Sakanashi et al.,1991) (Sakanashi et al.,1993) (Sakanashi et Sakanashi et al.,1992 (Ma et al.,1995) 51 (Isoda et al., 1996) ) (Isoda et al., 1997) ) (Isoda et al., 1996) ) (Zhang et al., 1997) 56 405032"Cxckncdng"Tqwvgu"hqt"WNUF" " " Eqoogtekcn"JFU"ecvcn{uvu"ctg"uwnhkfgu"dcugf"qp"Oq"qt"Y"cpf"rtqoqvgf"ykvj"Pk"qt" Eq0"Vjg"vqrke"jcu"dggp"eqxgtgf"kp"ugxgtcn"ctvkengu."cpf"fggr"JFU"kp"qvjgt"ocpwuetkrvu0" Oqtg"tgegpv"tgrqtvkpi"qp"fggr"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"jcu"dggp"ocfg"kp"tgxkgyu"d{"Oqejkfc"cpf" Ejkq" *4228+." cpf" Dcdkej" cpf" Oqwnklp" *4225+" cpf" jcu" dggp" c" rtkpekrcn" vqrke" kp" tgegpv" eqphgtgpegu" cpf" jcu" dggp" c" rtkpekrcn" vqrke" kp" tgegpv" eqphgtgpegu" cpf" vjg" uwdlgev" qh" fgfkecvgf" lqwtpcn" xqnwogu" cpf" dqqmu" *Urtkpigt" Pgy" [qtm." Dqqm" *4228+0" Cu" uwooctk¦gf" dgnqy." vjg" crrtqcejgu" yjkej" jcxg" dggp" vcmgp" jcxg" eqpegpvtcvgf" kp" qrvkok¦kpi" uwnhkfg" eqorqukvkqpu." wukpi" cnvgtpcvkxg" pgy" uwrrqtvu." gzrnqtkpi" pqxgn" cpf" oqfkhkgf" eqorqwpfu." cpf"kortqxkpi"rtqeguugu"eqpfkvkqpu"cu"ujqyp"kp"Vcdng"4035."4036"cpf"4037."tgurgevkxgn{+0" "" " C" xctkgv{" qh" cnvgtpcvkxgu" hqt" uwnhwt" tgoqxcn" rtqeguu" kpenwfkpi" vjg" eqpxgpvkqpcn" uvcpfctf" J{ftqvtgcvogpv" rtqeguu" cpf" cnuq" gogtikpi" pgy" rtqeguugu" uwej" cu" ecvcn{vke" fkuvknncvkqp." tgcevkxg" cfuqtrvkqp." ugngevkxg" cfuqtrvkqp." ugngevkxg" gzvtcevkqp." rqnct" oqngewng" cfuqtrvkqp." ugngevkxg" cnm{ncvkqp." ogodtcpg" ugrctcvkqp." cpf" ecwuvke" gzvtcevkqp" ygtg" tgxkgygf"eqortgjgpukxgn{"d{"Uqpi"cpf"Oc"*4225+0"Cffkvkqpcnn{"vq"vjgug"rtqeguugu."vjgtg" ctg" cnuq" dkqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp." qzkfcvkxg" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" cpf" wnvtcuqwpf/cuukuvgf" qzkfcvkxg" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"cu"ujqyp"kp"Vcdng"40360" " " 40503203"""Xct{kpi"qh"JFU"Uwrrqtv" " " JFU"Uwrrqtv"rnc{kpi"c"xgt{"korqtvcpv"tqng"qp"ecvcn{uv"u{uvgo"cpf"kv"ku"c"ukipkhkecpv" eqorqpgpv" eqpegtpkpi" J{ftqvtgcvkpi" ecvcn{uv" pgvyqtm0" JFU" uwrrqtv" jcu" c" fktgev" kpvgtcevkqp"ykvj"vjg"cevkxg"rjcug"ogvcn"urgekgu."cpf"cnuq"jcu"cp"kpfktgev"tqng"kp"hqtocvkxg" vjg" rtqoqvkqpcn" ghhgevu" qh" vjg" ugeqpfct{" rtqoqvgt" ogvcn" urgekgu" *Qmcoqvq" et al0." 4225+0" Vjgtghqtg."qpg"qh"vjg"crrtqcejgu"vq"kortqxg"JFU"ecvcn{uvu"ku"vq"wug"c"hcxqtcdng"uwrrqtv0" Eqodkpcvkqp"qh"vjg"fguktcdng"rtqrgtvkgu"qh"vjg"JFU"ecvcn{uv"htcogyqtm"okijv"dg"qhhgtgf"d{" okzgf"uwrrqtvu="eqpugswgpvn{."c"hcxqtcdng"okzvwtg"qh"JFU"ecvcn{uv"eqwnf"dg"rtqfwegf0"" " " 52 " 40503204"""Okzgf"qh"Fkhhgtgpv"Qzkfgu" " " Uqog" qzkfgu." uwej" cu" VkQ4" *Dcvcknng" et al.," 4222+" cpf" ¥tQ4" *Qniwkp/Qtq¦eq" et al0." 3;;9+" fgoqpuvtcvgf" rtqokukpi" JFU" cevkxkvkgu." dwv" vjgkt" fkucfxcpvcigu" uwej" nqy" vjgtocn" uvcdknkv{" cpf" nqy" uwthceg" ctgc" jcxg" rtqjkdkvgf" vjgkt" crrnkcpeg" cu" uwrrqtvu" hqt" kpfwuvtkcn" JFU" ecvcn{uvu0" Vq" d{rcuu" vjgug" fkucfxcpvcigu." okzgf" qzkfgu" ykvj" Cn4Q5" jcxg" dggp" crrnkgf" cu" uwrrqtvu" vq" eqodkpg" cfxcpvcigu" qh" vjg" hcxqtcdng" rtqrgtvkgu" qh" dqvj" qzkfgu" *Tcoõtg¦"et al0."4225="[quugh"et al0."4226+0"" " " Qp" vjg" qvjgt" jcpf." ugxgtcn" tgugctejgtu" hqwpf" vjcv" oguqrqtqwu" oqngewnct" ukgxgu" OEO/63"uwrrqtvu"ctg"owej"itgcv"rtqokug"kp"wnvtc"fggr"JFU"ecvcn{uku"*Uqpi"et al0."3;;;=" Tgff{"et al0."3;;:+"ukpeg"vjg{"qypkpi"c"nctig"coqwpv"qh"urgekhke"uwthceg"ctgc"cpf"dkiigt" rqtgu"vjcp"vjqug"qh"¦gqnkvgu"*Vwtcic"cpf"Uqpi."4223="Mcnw¦c" et al.,"4224+0"Pgxgtvjgnguu." OEO/63" jcu" qpn{" ygcm" qt" oqfgtcvg" cekf" ukvgu" qp" kvu" uwthceg0" Vjgtghqtg." c" jkij" JFU" rgthqtocpeg"okijv"dg"gzrgevgf"kh"c"okzvwtg"qh"OEO/63"cpf"¦gqnkvg"*uwej"cu"J["¦gqnkvg+"ku" wugf"cu"vjg"uwrrqtv0" " " Mcnw¦c" et al." *422:+" ycu" tgrqtvgf" vjcv" QOC/uwrrqtvgf" Oq" urgekgu" kp" vjg" uwnhkfg" uvcig" ecvcn{¦gf" vjg" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" *JFU+" qh" vjkqrjgpg0" Kv" ycu" hqwpf" vjcv" vjg" nctig" uwthceg"ctgc"qh"vjg"QOC"ycu"cdng"vq"ceegrv"cdqwv"vykeg"vjg"coqwpv"qh"Oq"kp"eqorctkuqp" ykvj"c"eqpxgpvkqpcn"i/Cn4Q5"cpf"vjg"tghgtgpeg"kpfwuvtkcn"ucorng"qh"Oq1i/Cn4Q5"DCUH"O:/ 52." yjkej" tguwnvgf" kp" cdqwv" 4/hqnf" jkijgt" JFU" cevkxkv{0" Vcdng" 4035" ujqyu" vjg" cnvgtpcvkxg" cpf"kortqxgf"uwrrqtvu"hqt"fkhhgtgpv"ogvcn"uwnhkfgu"ecvcn{uvu0" " " 40503205"""¥gqnkvgu"cpf"Okzgf"¥gqnkvgu"" " " Kv"jcu"dggp"tgrqtvgf"vjcv"JFU"ecp"dg"ecvcn{¦g"d{"¦gqnkvgu"ecvcn{uv"cnqpg0"Jqygxgt." cu"vjg"oketqrqwtu"uvtwevwtg"qh"¦gqnkvgu"oqtrjqnqi{"ku"wphcxqtcdng"hqt"vjg"kpvtqfwevkqp"qh"" " 53 Oq"urgekgu"cpf"qvjgt"rtqoqvgtu"uwej"cu"EqQ"cpf"PkQ"kp"vjg"rqtgu"cpf"hqt"vjg"fkhhwukqp"qh" dwnm{"uwnhwt/eqpvckpkpi"oqngewngu"fwtkpi"JFU"pgvyqtm."kv"ku"jctf"vq"cejkgxg"c"jkij"cevkxkv{" kp" fg/uwnhwtk¦kpi" rqn{ctqocvke" uwnhwt/eqpvckpkpi" eqorqwpfu" uwej" cu" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" *FDV+"cpf"kv"fgtkxcvkxgu"eqorqwpfu"*[kp"cpf"Nkw."4226+0"" " " Ncvgn{." kv" jcu" dggp" tgrqtvgf" vjcv" xctkgf" okzgf" uwrrqtvu" eqpvckpkpi" ¦gqnkvgu" cpf" cnwokpc" rtqfwegu" c" ecvcn{uv" vjcv" dgjcxgu" cu" dkhwpevkqpcn" ecvcn{uv" vjcv" ujqy" jkij" rgthqtocpeg" kp" vjg" JFU" qh" FDV0" Vjku" ycu" cvvtkdwvgf" vq" vjg" hcev" vjcv" cnwokpc" 1" ¥gqnkvg" okzgf" uwrrqtvu" gpjcpeg" vjg" j{ftqigpcvkqp" cevkxkv{" qh" pgkijdqtkpi" ctqocvke" tkpiu." kuqogtk¦cvkqp"cpf"fkurtqrqtvkqpcvkqp"kpvq"oqtg"tgcevkxg"fgtkxcvkxgu"*Mwpkucfc"et al0."4226+0" Kp" cffkvkqp." kv" jcu" dggp" hqwpf" vjcv" vjg" cekfke" uwrrqtv" uggogf" vq" hceknkvcvg" vjg" tgngcug" qh" J4U"htqo"vjg"uwnhkfg"ecvcn{uv"vjtqwij"ygcmgpkpi"vjg"ogvcn"cpf"uwnhwt"dqpfu0" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 54 Vcdng"4035<"Cnvgtpcvkxg"cpf"Kortqxgf"Uwrrqtvu"hqt"Ogvcn"Uwnhkfgu"Ecvcn{uvu" Kortqxgogpv"qh"Cn4Q5"ykvj"Vk."cpf"Ic" Ugicyc"gv"cn0"*4227+"CEU"Fkx0"Rgvt0Ejgo0" 72<676="Uckj"et al0"*4227+0"Crr0"Ecvcn0"C<" Igp0"4;7<"33=Tc{q"et al0"*4226+0"Ecvcn" Vqfc{0";:<393="Tcoktg¦"gv"*4226+0"Ecvcn0" r" Vqfc{0";:<3;="Cnvcoktcpq"et al0"*4227+" L0Ecvcn0"547<625."*422:+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{" 355<4;4="Jwcpi"et al0"*422:+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{0" 353<536" Kortqxgogpv"qh"Cn4Q5"ykvj"D" Wuocp"et al"*4227+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0." 4:8<36:."*4226+0"L0"Ecvcn0."449<"745."*4229+"" r" L0"Ecvcn0."469<"9:="Fwogkipkn"et al0" *4228+0Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0"537<""3:0." Iktcnfq"cpf""Egpvgpq0"*422:+"355/357"<477" Kortqxgogpv"qh"Cn4Q5"ykvj"D"cpf"R" Hgtfqwu"et al0"*4227+0Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0." r" 4;6<:2" H/"qt"RQ65/"dkpf"vq"Cn5-"kqpu"cpf" tgfweg"kpvgtcevkqpu" Rtkpu"et al0""*4225+0Ecvcn0"Vqfc{.":8<395=" " Ockv{"et al0"*422:+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."352<"596=" Fkpi"et al0"*4228+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0" 523<463."Mko"et al"*4225+0"66<"4:9" Dcuke"cffkvkxgu"*M."Nk+"ctg"dgpghkEKcn" Og{"et al0"*4226+0"L0"Ecvcn0449<658="Hcp"et r" al0"*4229+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{0"347<"442="" Ok¦wvcpk"et al."*4227+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0." 4;7<3;5"" Eqorqukvg"uwrrqtvu"*UkQ4/Cn4Q5+" xcp"fgt"Oggt"et al0"*4226+"Ecvcn044:<"655="." Oqejkfc"et al."*4227+0Crrn0"Ecvcn"C<"Igp0." r" 49;<"457=""Mwpkucfc"et al0"*4226+0"Crrn0" Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0495<"4:9=""Ng{xc"et al0" *422:+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."352<""5670"" Eqorqukvg"uwrrqtvu"*VkQ4/UkQ4."¥tQ4/ Cn4Q5+" ¥jqw"et al."*4227+0"CEU"Fkx0"Rgvt0" r" Ejgo072<66;="Nk"et al0"*4226+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0" C<"Igp0."495<"455" J{ftqz{crcvkvg"oqfkhkgf"d{"¥t"cpf1qt" Cn" r" Gnc¦ctkhk"et al0"*4226+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{.";:<"383 55 Ectdqp"pcpqvwdgu."oguqrqtqwu"enc{u" Guyctcoqqtvjk"gv"cn0"*422:+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<" Igp0."55;<3:9="Ujcpi"gv"cn0"*4229+0"Hwgn" " Rtqeguu0"Vgejpqn0."::<339="Ecttcfq"et al." *4228+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."338<"69:."Ecvcn0" Vqfc{0"*4228+0"338<"69:" Oguqrqtqwu"uwrrqtvu"*OEO/63."UDC/ Uknxc/Tqftkiq"et al0"*4226+0"Ecvcn0" 37."Vk/JOU+" Vqfc{0;:<"345="Nk"et al."*4229+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0" C<"Igp0."538<"356="Tqft iwg¦/Ecuvgnn„p"et al0"*422:+0"Hwgn.":9<33;7="Pcxc"et al0" r" *4229+"Ecvcn0" Vqfc{."349<"92="Icti"et al0"*422:+0Ecvcn0" Vqfc{0"352<"524="¥gpi"et al0"*4228+0"Crrn0" Ecvcn0"C<"Igp04;:<::="Mnkoqxc"et al."*422:+0" Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0557<37;0" " *r+<"Rqukvkxg"tgurqpug."* +<"Pgwvtcn"tgurqpug."*t+<"Pgicvkxg"tgurqpug" " " 40"503206"""Fgxgnqrkpi"qh"Cnvgtpcvkxg"Ogvjqfu"cpf"Vgejpqnqikgu"" " " Vjg"oquv"rtqokukpi"cnvgtpcvg"ogvjqf"hqt"cvvckpkpi"fggr"JFU"ku"uwnhwt"tgoqxcn"xkc" qzkfcvkxg"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"*QFU+0"Cpcnqiqwu"vq"DFU."vjg"fkxcngpv"uwnhwt"cvqou"qh"vjkqrjgpke" oqngewngu"ctg"qzkfk¦gf"d{"vjg"gngevtqrjknke"cffkvkqp"qh"qz{igp"cvqou"vq"{kgnf"uwnhqpgu0"Vjg" uwnhqpgu" ctg" uwdugswgpvn{" tgoqxgf" kp" c" ugeqpf" uvgr" d{" uqnkf" cfuqtrvkqp." ugngevkxg" gzvtcevkqp"qt"fkuvknncvkqp0"" " " Cpqvjgt"cnvgtpcvkxg"qrvkqp"hqt"vjg"tgoqxcn"qh"uwnhwt"ku"dkqecvcn{vke"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp."qt" dkqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" *DFU+0" Oketqqticpkuou" tgswktg" uwnhwt" hqt" itqyvj" cpf" ugxgtcn" dcevgtkc" ecp" wvknk¦g" vjg" uwnhwt" kp" vjkqrjgpke" eqorqwpfu" cpf" vjwu" tgfweg" vjg" uwnhwt" eqpvgpv" kp" rgvtqngwo0" DFU" igpgtcnn{" qrgtcvgu" wpfgt" codkgpv" eqpfkvkqpu" *tqqo" vgorgtcvwtg" cpf" cvoqurjgtke" rtguuwtg+" ockpn{" vjtqwij" vyq" dkqnqikecn" rcvjyc{u0" Vjgug" rcvjyc{u" kpenwfg" rctvkcn" qt" eqorngvg" fgitcfcvkqp" qh" vjg" oqngewng" ykvj" E/E" dqpf" engcxcigu" qt" c" 56 uwnhwt" urgekhke" engcxcig" qh" qpn{" E/U" dqpfu0" Hkiwtg" 4034" knnwuvtcvgu" vjg" ukornkhkgf" uwnhwt" urgekhke" gp¦{ocvke" rcvjyc{" hqt" vjg" DFU" qh" FDV" kp" vjg" rtgugpeg" qh" qz{igp" cpf" ycvgt" vq" {kgnf" 4/j{ftqz{dkrjgp{n" cu" pqp/fgitcfcdng" gpf/rtqfwev0" Cnvjqwij" ocp{" dcevgtkc" ecp" wvknk¦g" uwnhwt" vjtqwij" vjg" uwnhwt/urgekhke" rcvjyc{." uvcdknkv{" cpf" nkhg/vkog" qh" vjg" dkqecvcn{uvu" ctg"vyq"oclqt"eqpegtpu0" " " " " Hkiwtg"4034"""Ukornkhkgf"DFU"uwnhwt/tgoqxcn"qh"FDV" " " Hkiwtg"4035"ujqyu"vjg"ukornkhkgf"QFU"uejgog"hqt"FDV"vq"FDV"uwnhqpg"vjtqwij"vjg" kpvgtogfkcvg" FDV" uwnhqzkfg0" Vjg" QFU" ogvjqf" qhhgtu" ugxgtcn" cfxcpvcigu" qxgt" eqpxgpvkqpcn" j{ftqrtqeguukpi0" Vjg" qzkfcvkqp" tgcevkqpu" ecp" dg" ecttkgf" qwv" wpfgt" oknf" eqpfkvkqpu" qh" vgorgtcvwtg" cpf" rtguuwtg" cpf" fq" pqv" tgswktg" vjg" gzrgpfkvwtg" qh" xcnwcdng" j{ftqigp0" Jqygxgt." vjg" QFU" rtqeguu" tgswktgu" nctig" coqwpvu" qh" qzkfk¦kpi" cigpv." ugrctcvkqp"cpf"tgeqxgt{"qh"vjg"ecvcn{uvu"cpf"nqy"ugngevkxkv{"cpf"cevkxkv{"vqyctfu"vjg"uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu0" Dqvj" DFU" cpf" QFU" tgswktg" nqpi" tgcevkqp" vkogu" cpf" vjg" ugeqpf" ugrctcvkqp" uvgr"kp"vjg"rtqeguugu"ngcfu"vq"gzrgpukxg"ycuvg"ocpcigogpv"kuuwgu"cpf"qkn"{kgnf"nquugu"qh" 32/42"'"*Tco tg¦"et al.,"*4226+0" 57 " " Hkiwtg"4035"""Dcuke"pgvyqtm"hqt"QFU"qh"FDV" " " Cnvjqwij" qzkfcvkxg" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" rtqeguugu" ctg" xkcdng" cnvgtpcvkxgu" vjg{" tgswktg" ecrkvcn" kpxguvogpv" hqt" pgy" wpkv" qrgtcvkqpu0" Cu" c" tguwnv." fkueqxgt{" qh" pqxgn" ecvcn{uvu" cpf" korngogpvcvkqp" kpvq" gzkuvkpi" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" tgcevqtu" ku" vjg" oquv" rtqokukpi" qrvkqp" hqt" cejkgxkpi"fggr"JFU0" " " " " " " " " " " " " " 58 Vcdng"4036<"Fgxgnqrogpvu"kp"Uwnhwt"Tgoqxcn"Kpfwuvtkcn"Rtqeguugu"cpf"Vgejpkswgu"" " Review<"Tgegpv" fgxgnqrogpvu"kp"kpfwuvt{" " Dcdkej"cpf"Oqwnklp."*4225+0"Hwgn0":4"<8290" Kpjkdkvkqp"qh"fggr"JFU"d{" Ejgp"cpf"Tkpi."*4226+0"Hwgn0:5<527="Pcfﬂig0" J4U"cpf"PJ5" *4226+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{0";:<83="" t" Hctci."*4229+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."553<73=" Tcpc"gv"cn0"*4226+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{.";:"<"89."" *4229+0"Hwgn.":8<"3485="Jq."*4225+0"L0"Ecvcn0." 43;"664" Tgoqxcn"qh"J4U"cpf"PJ5" Ejqk"et al0"*4225+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{0":8<" htqo"kpvgtogfkcvg"uvcigu" r" 499="Owtvk"gv"cn0"*4225+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<" Igp0474<5530" Dkqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"*DFU+" Ujcp"et al0"*4228+0"Dkqejgo0"Gpi0"L."49<"" 527="Tcujvejk"et al0"*4228+0"Dkqejgo0"Gpi0"L0." 4;<38;="Jqw"gv"cn0"*4227+0Hwgn0":6<3;97="Nk"et al."*4229+0"L0"Dkqvgejpqn0"349<"444="Iwqdkp"et r" al."*4228+0Dkqejgo0"Gpi0"L0"49<527="" Oqjgdcnk"et al."*4229+0Gp¦{og"Oketqd0" Vgejpqn062<79:="Uqngkocpk"et al0"*4229+0"Ejgp" et al0"*4229."422:+"Dkqvgej0"Cfx047<"7920" Dkqtguqwt0"Vgejpqn0.";;<5852."8;4:0" Qzkfcvkxg"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" Nkw"et al."*422:+0"Hwgn.":9<"644."Oc"gv"cn0" *QFU+" *4229+0Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."345<498="" Ucorcpvjct"et al."*4228+0Crrn0"Ecvcn0"D<"Gpx0." 85<:7="Ejkec"et al."*4228+0"L0"Ecvcn0"464<4;;="" r" Cn/Ujcjtcpk"et al."*4229+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"D<" Gpx095<533="Oqpfcn"et al0"*4228+0Ecvcn0" Vqfc{."338<776="" Icte c/Iwvkﬁttg¦"et al0"*4228."422:+0Crrn0" Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."527<37."556<588"]392.393̲" 59 Wnvtcuqwpf/cuukuvgf"qzkfcvkxg" Vjqoruqp"et al."*3;;;+0"Kpf0"Gpi0"Ejgo0" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"*WCQF+" Tgu0."5:<3437="[gp"et al0"*4225+0"Hwgn." r" :4<627."*4229+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."53;<459." *4229+0Gpgti{"Hwgnu043<4472="¥jcq"et al0" Gpgti{"Hwgnu."43"*4229+"47650" *r+<"Rqukvkxg"tgurqpug."* +<"Pgwvtcn"tgurqpug."*t+<"Pgicvkxg"tgurqpug" " " " 40503207"""Vtk/ogvcnnke"JFU"Ecvcn{uv"""" " " Igpgtcnn{."hqt"jkij"vgorgtcvwtg"cpf"nqy"rtguuwtg"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"okffng"fkuvknncvg" hwgnu." Eq/Oq" ecvcn{uvu" ctg" owej" dgvvgt" vjcp" Pk/Oq" ecvcn{uvu0" Qp" vjg" qvjgt" jcpf." hqt" nqy" vgorgtcvwtg" cpf" jkij" rtguuwtg" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu." Pk/Oq" ecvcn{uvu" u{uvgou" gzgewvg" dgvvgt" vjcp" Eq/Oq" ecvcn{uv" u{uvgou0" Vjku" hcev" ycu" cvvtkdwvgf" vq" vjg" jkijgt" j{ftqigpcvkpi" cevkxkv{" qh" Pk/Oq" ecvcn{uv" vjcp" Eq/Oq" eqwpvgtrctvu." mggrkpi" kp" okpf" vjcv" jkijgt" J4" rtguuwtg" cpf" nqygt" vgorgtcvwtg" hcxqt" vjg" j{ftqigpcvkqp" tgcevkqpu" cpf" vjwu" hceknkvcvg" vjg" JFU"tgcevkqp"d{"j{ftqigpcvkqp"rcvjyc{0" " " "Pk/Oq" uwrrqtvgf" ecvcn{uv" igpgtcnn{" jcxg" jkijgt" j{ftqigpcvkqp" cevkxkv{" hqt" ucvwtcvkqp"qh"ctqocvke"tkpi"yjkej"ku"nkpmgf"vq"vjkqrjgpke"uwnhwt"cvqo."qp"vjg"qvjgt"cpf"Eq/ Oq" dkogvcnnke" uwrrqtvgf" ecvcn{uv" ecvcn{uvu" wuwcnn{" jcxg" rtkxkngigf" ugngevkxkv{" cickpuv" E/U" dqpf"engcxcig"ykvjqwv"j{ftqigpcvkqp"qh"ctqocvke"pgkijdqtkpi"ctqocvke"tkpiu0"" " " Hqt" JFU" tgcevkqpu" cv" jkij" qrgtcvkpi" rtguuwtg." Pk/Oq" dkogvcnnke" ecvcn{uvu" vgpf" vq" jcxg" oqtg" cevkxkv{" vjcp" Eq/Oq" ecvcn{uvu" u{uvgo." jqygxgt." vjku" cfxcpvcig" ocmg" kv" cvvtcevkxg" vq" dgeqogu" oqtg" crrctgpv" ykvj" wnvtc/fggr" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" fkgugn" hwgnu0" C" itqwrkpi"qh"Pk"cpf"Eq"vqigvjgt"ykvj"Oq"vq"hqto"yjcv"ku"ecnngf"vtk/ogvcnnke"ecvcn{uv"u{uvgo" *uwej" cu" Pk/Eq/Oq+" ku" cnuq" c" xcnwcdng" rtqrqucn" cu" c" rtcevkecn" yc{" vq" gpeqwtcikpi" vjg" cfxcpvcig"qh"dqvj"PkÎOq"cpf"EqÎOq"ecvcn{uvu0"" " 60 Oqtg" tgegpvn{." vjg" rqvgpvkcn" qh" gornq{kpi" vtk/ogvcnnke" Eq/Oq/O" ecvcn{uvu" hqt" JFU" rtqeguu" jcu" dggp" gzrnqtgf." d{" oqfkhkecvkqp" qh" Eq/Oq1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uv" ykvj" fkhhgtgpv" rtqoqvgtu" cpf" cffkvkxgu" ecp" rtqdcdn{" cnvgt" vjg" ecvcn{uv" rgthqtocpeg" kp" ykfg" tcpig" cpf" rquukdn{"chhgev"vjg"ugngevkxkv{"kp"vjg"yc{"qh"qypkpi<"*3+"gpjcpeg"vjg"j{ftqigpcvkqp"cdknkv{"qh" ctqocvke" tkpi" kp" vjg" jkpfgtgf" tghtcevqt{" uwnhwt" eqorqwpfu" *6.8/FOFDV+" d{" kpetgcukpi" j{ftqigpcvkpi" cevkxkv{" qh" vjg" ecvcn{uv=" *4+" rctv" qh" vjg" cffkvkxg" fgrqukvgf" qp" vjg" uwrrqtv" vwpkpi"vjg"swcpvkv{"cpf"vjg"uvtgpivj"qh"cekfke"ukvgu"tguwnvgf"kp"kpeqtrqtcvg"cekfke"hgcvwtg"kp" ecvcn{uv" vq" gpeqwtcig" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" qh" ogvj{n" itqwru" cyc{" htqo" vjg" 6/" cpf" 8/rqukvkqpu=" cpf" *5+" vcmg" cyc{" kpjkdkvkpi" oqngewngu" uwej" cu" pkvtqigp" urgekgu" kp" vjg" hggf." J4U" kp" icu" cpf"vcknqtkpi"vjg"tgcevkqp"eqpfkvkqpu"rcvjyc{u"hqt"urgekhke"ecvcn{vke"hwpevkqpu0" " " Jqygxgt."vjg"vtk/ogvcnnke"Pk1Eq/Oq/O"ecvcn{uvu"ecp"eqodkpg"vjg"hgcvwtgu"qh"Eq/Oq" cpf"Pk/Oq."cpf"vjku"pgy"hqtowncvkqp"hgcvwtg"ku"dgkpi"wugf"kp"uqog"tgegpv"eqoogtekcn" ecvcn{uvu0" C" eqortgjgpukxg" uvwf{" wukpi" vtk/ogvcnnke" Eq/Oq/Tw1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uvu" cpf" eqorctgf" vjg" ghhgevkxgpguu" ykvj" vjcv" qh" eqpxgpvkqpcn" ecvcn{uvu" uwej" cu" dk/ogvcnnke" Eq/Oq1Cn4Q5." Pk/ Oq1Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uvu" cpf" cnuq" vjg" nguu" eqpxgpvkqpcn" ecvcn{uv" Tw1Cn4Q5" ycu" rgthqtogf" d{ " Pcxcttq" et al0" *422;+" cpf" eq/yqtmgtu0" Jqygxgt." vjg" JFU" cevkxkv{" hqt" gcej" v{rg" qh" ecvcn{uvu" ycu" cuuguugf" cu" vjg" j{ftqigpcvkqp" cevkxkv{" ycu" fqokpcvgf0" Ceeqtfkpi" vq" vjku" uvwf{."vjg"hqnnqykpi"eqpenwukqpu"ygtg"uvcvgf<" " 30" J{ftqigpcvkqp"tgcevkqp"qh"qpg"qh"vjg"rjgp{n"tkpiu"qp"vjg"tghtcevqt{"eqorqwpf"6="8/ FOFDV" ycu" fgoqpuvtcvgf" vq" cuukuv" JFU" tgcevkqpu" fwg" vq" vjg" tgfwegf" uvtkev" jkpftcpeg"qh"vjg"ogvj{n"itqwru0"" 40" "C"pqvkegcdng"tgfweg"kp"crrtqcej"qh"6."8/FOFDV"eqorgvgf"tgcevkqp"hqt"vjg"cevkxg" j{ftqigpcvkqp" ukvg" cu" cffkvkqp" qh" pcrjvjcngpg" tguwnvgf" kp" tgfwegf" vjg" ecvcn{vke" cevkxkv{"kp"cnn"ecugu0"" 50" Vjg"vtk/ogvcnnke"Eq/Oq/Tw1Cn4Q5"ecvcn{uv"u{uvgo"ujqygf"vjg"oczkowo"tcvg"qh"JFU" qh"6."8/FOFDV0"" 60" Jqygxgt." vjg" ejctcevgt" qh" Tw" ycu" pqv" kp" igpgtcn" engct0" Vjg" oqtg" ugngevkxg" j{ftqigpcvkqp"cevkxkv{"qh"vjg"Tw"eqpvckpkpi"ecvcn{uv"okijv"dg"cvvtkdwvgf"vq"vjg"rÎf" kpvgtcevkqpu"dgvyggp"vjg"nqpg"rckt"qp"vjg"uwnhwt"cvqo"cpf"xcecpv"ukvgu0" " " 61 40503208"""JFU"PGDWNC"Ecvcn{uv" " " Vjg" T(F" tgictfkpi" vjg" wpuwrrqtvgf" JFU" ecvcn{vke" u{uvgou" ku" dgeqog" oqtg" kpvgtguv" ctgc" hqt" fgxgnqrogpv" qh" ocp{" tgugctejgtu" cpf" eq/yqtmgtu." ukpeg" vjg" cvvtcevkxg" uvwf{" rgthqtogf" d{" Uqngf" et al0" 42230" Jg" cpf" jku" eq/yqtmgtu" rcvgpvgf" c" pgy" ecvcn{uv" pcogf" PGDWNC" dcugf" qp" wpuwrrqtvgf" PkÎOqÎY." vjku" pgyn{" v{rg" qh" ecvcn{uv" ujqy" hqwt" vkogu"JFU"cevkxkv{"jkijgt"vjcp"cp{"qvjgt"vjg"eqpxgpvkqpcn"j{ftqvtgcvkpi"ecvcn{uv"cxckncdng" yjkej" ku" v{rkecnn{" wugf" kp" vjg" kpfwuvtkcn" ukvg" *Iqejk" et al.." 4227+" cu" ujqyp" kp" Hkiwtg" 4036" dgnqy0" Kpfggf." vjku" fgxgnqrgf" ecvcn{uv" uwkvcdng" rctvkewnctn{" hqt" rtqfwevkqp" qh" hwgnu" ykvj" *WNUF+"wnvtc"nqy"uwnhwt"eqpvgpv"*\32"rroyv+"cpf"hqt"tgoqxcn"qh" pkvtqigp"eqorqwpfu"cpf" ucvwtcvkqp" qh" ctqocvke" eqorqwpfu" kp" fkgugnu0" Vjgug" ctqocvkeu" qypkpi" c" eqorgvg" crrtqcej" vqyctfu" ecvcn{uv" cevkxg" ukvgu" ykvj" vjg" uwnhwt" cvqou0" Vjgtghqtg." vjg" wug" qh" vjku" pgyn{" ecvcn{uvu" vgpf" vq" kortqxg" rtqfwev" swcnkvkgu" nkmg" nqygt" uwnhwt." jkijgt" Egvcpg." nqygt" fgpukv{."gve0" " "" " " " " " " Stars " " " " " " " " " " Hkiwtg" 4036" " " Tgncvkxg" Cevkxkv{" qh" vjg" Pgy" Igpgtcvkqp" qh" JFU" Ecvcn{uvu" Eqorctgf" vq" V{rkecn"Eq/Oq1Cn4Q5"Ecvcn{uv0" 62 Ncvgn{."Pcxc"et al."*4228+"qdugtxgf"kpvgtguvkpi"oqtrjqnqi{"rtqfwegf"Pk/Oq/Y"wp/ uwrrqtvgf" ecvcn{uvu" d{" kp" ukvjqnqikecn" rtqrgtvkgu" cpf" cp" kortqxgogpv" kp" JFU" cevkxkv{" eqorctgf" vq" cnwokpc" uwrrqtvgf" Pk/Oq1Cn4Q5" u{uvgou0" Cnuq." Qnkxcu" et al0" *422;+" rgthqtogf" c" eqorctkuqp" uvwf{" dgvyggp" fkhhgtgpv" rtqoqvgtu" hqt" JFU" cpf" JFP" qh" wp/ uwrrqtvgf" ecvcn{uv" vtk/ogvcnnke" wukpi" Pk/Oq/Y" uwnhkfg" ecvcn{uvu" wpfgt" vjg" hqnnqykpi" eqpfkvkqpu<" NJUX?32" N" j/3." rJ4" ?" 707" ORc." rFDV" ?" 37" mRc" cv" 7;5" M" kp" vjg" JFU" qh" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" *FDV+0" Jg" tgrqtvgf" vyq" kpvgtguvkpi" eqttgncvkqpu" dgvyggp" vjg" ecvcn{vke" cevkxkv{" qh" FDV" tgcevkqpu" ykvj" vjg" htcevkqp" uwnhkfgf" cpf" Oq" urgekgu" cpf" ykvj" vjg" vqvcn" uwnhkfgf"itcfg"qh"vjg"ucorngu0" " " Vcdng"4037<"Kortqxgogpv"qh"Gzkuvkpi"Rtgrctcvkqp"Ogvjqfu"cpf"Wug"qh"Pgy"Gngogpvu" " Review<"Kortqxkpi"fkurgtukqp" cpf"oqtrjqnqi{" r" Ejkcppgnnk"et al0*4228+0"Ecvcn0"Tgx0/UEK0" Gpi0."6:" Ngg"et al0"*4227+0Crrn0"Ecvcn0"D<"Gpx0"83<" 496."Mko"gv"cn0"*4226+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"D<"Gpx0." Uqpqejgokecn"cpf"EXF"ogvjqfu"hqt" jkij"fkurgtukqp" r" 76<550"Qmcoqvq."*422:+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."354" ;="Wuocp"gv"cn0"*4229+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<" Igp0.54:<"43;="Tcoqu"et al0"*422:+0"499" Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."355/357<499" Wnvtcuqpke"urtc{"r{tqn{uku"hqt"jkij" fkurgtukqp" Oketqycxg"ogvjqf"hqt"jkij"fkurgtukqp r" r" Uwunkem"cpf"Umtcdcncm0 *4227+0"L0"Co0" Ejgo0"Uqe0."349"<";;;2"" Nkw"et al0*4226+0"47<"96:<"992."*4227+0" 48<67:" Vqdc"et al0"*4227+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{." 326<86="Hwlkmcyc"et al0"*4227+0L0"Lcrcp" Rgvtqn0"Kpuv0."6:<336="Gueqdct"et al0" Fkurgtukpi"cigpvu" r" *422:+0L0Oqn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Ejgo0."4:9<55"=" Equvc"et al0"*422:+"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."352<8;"=" Nﬁnkcu"et al0"*422:+0"32;0Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."352=" Tcpc"et al0"*4229+0"Hwgn.":8"<3476."*4228+0" L0"Ecvcn0."468<3220" 63 Vgzkgt"et al0"*4227+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0." Cevkxcvkqp"cigpvu" r" 4;5<327="Htk¦k"et al0"*422:+0"Ecvcn0" Vqfc{.52<""54" Guecnqpc"et al0"*4227+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<" Igp0."4:9<69="Qlgfc"gv"cn0"*4227+0"Crrn0" Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."4:3<47=Jwdcwv."*4229+0"343" Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."544<343="X v."*4229+0" Wug"qh"pqp/vtcfkvkqpcn"gngogpvu" r" Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."544<364"="Guecnqpc"et al0"*4229+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."544<335=" Fg"Nqu"Tg{gu."*4229+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<" Igp0."544<328="Iktcnfq"et al0"*422:+0"Ecvcn0" Vqfc{."355/357"<45;="Dcnfqxkpq/Ogftcpq et al0"*422:+0"Hwgn.":9<3;39" Kujkjctc"gv"cn0"*4227+0"L0"Lcrcp"Rgvtqn0"Kpuv0." Pgy"rtgewtuqtu"ykvj"Oq/U"dqpfu" r" 6:<359="Jq."*4228+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{."352<428=" Tqogtq/Tkxgtc et al0*422:+0"Ecvcn0"Vqfc{." 352<576" Itggp"et al0"*4228+0Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<Igp0." Wtgc/ocvtkz"eqodwuvkqp"ogvjqf" r" 524<"486."*4226+"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."492" <42;."*4227+0"L0Oqn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Ejgo0." 462<436."*4228+0Ecvcn0"Ngvv0."333<79" Qnkxcu"gv"cn0"*4227+0"CEU"Fkx0"Rgvt0"Ejgo0." 72<594="Pcxc"gv"cn0"*4227+0"Ecvcn0"Ngvv0." Use of unsupported trimetallic compositions ;;<87."Cnqpuq="Jwktcejg/Cew‚c"gv"cn0" r" *4228+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."526<346." *4228+0"Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0."52:<356="Pcxc" et al."*4228+0""Crrn0"Ecvcn0"C<"Igp0." 524<3990" " *r+<"Rqukvkxg"tgurqpug."* +<"Pgwvtcn"tgurqpug."*t+<"Pgicvkxg"tgurqpug" " " " 64 40503209"""Qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"Qrgtcvkpi"Eqpfkvkqpu"qh"JFU"Rtqeguu" " " " Qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh" kpfgrgpfgpv" eqpvtqnngf" xctkcdngu" qh" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" qh" cp{" rtqeguu" wukpi" eqpxgpvkqpcn" ogvjqfu" qh" wprncppgf" crrtqcejgu" vjcv" kpxqnxg" xct{kpi" qpg" xctkcdng" cv" c" vkog" cpf" tgockpkpi" vjg" qvjgtu" eqpuvcpv" ku" gzrgpukxg" cpf" vkog" eqpuwokpi." urgekhkecnn{" yjgp" c" jwig" pwodgt" qh" rctcogvgtu" ctg" vq" dg" gzcokpgf" cpf" gxcnwcvgf0" Vq" d{rcuu" vjku" fkhhkewnv{" cpf" vq" guvkocvg" cpf" wpfgtuvcpf" vjg" kpvgtcevkqpu" dgvyggp" fkhhgtgpv" qrgtcvkpi"rctcogvgtu."FQG"eqwrngf"ykvj"tgurqpug"uwthceg"ogvjqfqnqi{"*TUO+"crrtqcej" cpf"rgthqtokpi"qh"EEF"gzrgtkogpvu"jcu"dggp"ygnn"fqewogpvgf"cpf"ykfgn{"gornq{gf0"Kv"ku" ewttgpvn{"wugf"hqt"qrvkok¦cvkqp"uvwfkgu"kp"ugxgtcn"dkqvgejpqnqikecn"cpf"kpfwuvtkcn"rtqeguugu0" Oqtgqxgt."vjku"crrtqcej"ku""rtqhkekgpv"cpf"hcuv"qh"guvkocvg"cpf"vguvkpi"qh"ocp{"hcevqtu"vjcv" jcxg" rncppgf" ukownvcpgqwun{" tguwnvkpi" kp" jkijgt" rtqfwevkqp" {kgnfu" cpf" ukownvcpgqwun{" nkokvu" vjg" pwodgt" qh" gzrgtkogpvu" vjcv" fgvgtokpg" yjkej" uwdugv" qh" vjg" rtqeguu" xctkcdngu" jcxg"vjg"oquv"kphnwgpeg"qp"rtqeguu"rgthqtocpeg0"" " " Vjg" rwdnkecvkqpu" eqpegtpkpi" vjg" qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh" JFU" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" d{" crrn{kpi" TUO" ogvjqfqnqi{" cpf" vtgcvgf" wukpi" CPQXC" vgejpkswg" ctg" uvknn" nkokvgf" urgekhkecnn{" hqt" Eq/Oq" ecvcn{uv" u{uvgo0" Jqygxgt." vjg" nkvgtcvwtg" ujqy" qpn{" qp" ctvkeng" eqpegtpkpi"vjg"wug"qh"vjku"vgejpkswg"kp"qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"ctqocvkeu"tkpi"qrkpkpi"kp"vjg"fkgugn" htcevkqp0" " " Yw" et al." *422;+" ecttkgf" qwv" c" tgugctej" uvwf{" wukpi" vtk/ogvcnnke" ecvcn{uv" *EqOqR1Cn4Q5+0" Vjg" uvwf{" ycu" ckogf" cv" qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh" vjg" uwnrjkfcvkqp" vgorgtcvwtg0" TUO"vgejpkswg"ycu"gornq{gf"vq"fgxgnqr"vjg"ocvjgocvkecn"oqfgnu"hqt"vjg"qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh" ogejcpkecn" rtqrgtvkgu" qh" c" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" ecvcn{uv" kp" kvu" uwnhkfcvkqp" rtqeguu0" Jqygxgt." jg" eqphktogf" vjcv" Fqgjngtv" fgukip" cpf" tgurqpug" uwthceg" ogvjqfqnqi{" ctg" ghhgevkxg" vgejpkswgu" hqt" vjg" ocvjgocvkecn" oqfgnkpi" cpf" hcevqtu" cpcn{uku" qh" vjg" ogejcpkecn" rtqrgtvkgu"qh"uqnkf"ecvcn{uvu0"" " " " " 65 Tgegpvn{." c" tgugctej" yqtm" ycu" rgthqtogf" d{" Ejcpftc" et al0" *4229+" wukpi" TUO" eqwrngf" ykvj" EEF0" Vjg" iqcn" qh" uvwf{" ycu" qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh" tkpi" qrgpkpi" vq" kortqxg" vjg" Egvcpg" kpfgz" qh" vjg" fkgugn" hwgn" wukpi" Fgecnkpg" cv" 7" ORc0" Kv" jcu" dggp" tgrqtvgf" vjcv" vjg" qrvkowo" vgorgtcvwtg" hqt" vjg" tkpi" qrgpkpi" {kgnf" cpf" ugngevkxkv{" kp" vjg" uvwfkgf" eqpfkvkqpu" ycu"572"2E0"Qrvkowo"nqcfkpi"ycu"qdugtxgf"cu"307'"Kt"cpf"2097'"Rv"hqt"igvvkpi"oczkowo" tkpi"qrgpkpi"{kgnf"qh"38"yv0"'"cpf"ugngevkxkv{"qh"48"yv0"'"htqo"Fgecnkp"cv"572"qE0""" " " Pgxgtvjgnguu."kv"ujqwnf"dg"ogpvkqp"vjcv"xgt{"tctg"fcvc"tgictfkpi"vjg"qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh" JFU" rtqeguu" cpf" kvu" wpkv" qrgtcvkqpu" wukpi" TUO" crrtqcej" ycu" hqwpf" qp" vjg" qrgp" nkvgtcvwtg0" Vjg" ghhgevu" qh" rtqeguu" rctcogvgtu" uwej" cu" tgcevkqp" vgorgtcvwtg." qrgtcvkpi" rtguuwtg" cpf" jqwtn{" urceg" xgnqekv{" qp" vjg" ecvcn{vke" rgthqtocpeg" ukownvcpgqwun{" qp" vjg" tgurqpug"wukpi"fgukip"qh"gzrgtkogpvu"*FQG+0"Yg"tgrqtv"vjg"wug"qh"c"uvcvkuvkecn"crrtqcej" ecnngf" qtvjqiqpcn" egpvtcn" eqorqukvg" fgukip" *QEEF+" hcnnkpi" wpfgt" tgurqpug" uwthceg" ogvjqfqnqi{" *TUO+" vq" rtgfkev" vjg" qrvkowo" xcnwgu" qh" rtqeguu" rctcogvgtu" hqt" ukping" tgurqpug"qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"okpkowo"uwnhwt"cpf"oczkowo"EK0" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 66 Vcdng"4038<"Uwooct{"qh"tgegpvn{"cxckncdng"tqwvu"cpf"wugf"ecvcn{uvu"hqt"WNNUF" " Ecvcn{uv"V{rg dkogvcnnke" Rv/Up1Cn4Q5." Rv/Up1UkQ4=" *pgy"v{rg"qh" ecvcn{uv+" Tgcevcpv" Qrgtcvkpi" Eqpfkvkqpu" Fgecnkpg" 572"qE." *6.8FOFDV+" 802"ORc." " " V{rg"qh"Uvwf{" Eqpenwukqp" Ghhgev"qh"uwrrqtv"v{rg" Rv/Up1UkQ4"oqtg"cevkxg" Eqorctkuqp"uvwf{"ykvj" vjcp"Rv/Up1"Cn4Q5"cpf"vjg" Octgm"cpf"¥gpqp" eqoogtekcn"ecvcn{uv"Pk/ eqoogtekcn"ecvcn{uvu"Eq/ *422:+"" Oq1Cn4Q5/MH:6:0" Oq1Cn4Q5"MH:6:" Pk1¥pQ"cpf" Pk/Pf1¥pQ=" *oqpq"(" dkogvcnnke"qxgt" Tghgtgpeg" Pf"kortqxgf"vjg"cevkxkv{"qh" vjkqrjgpg" " 342"̇E." kortqxg"vjg"rtqrgtvkgu"qh" Pk1¥pQ"ecvcn{uv0"Pk/Pf1¥pQ" 203"ORc" Pk1¥pQ"hqt"JFU"qh" qypkpi"uvtqpi"cekf" " vjkqrjgpg" rtqrgtv{"vjcp" pgy"uwrrqtv+" Pk1¥pQ." 67 UJK"*422;+" Ecvcn{uv"V{rg " Tgcevcpv" Qrgtcvkpi" Eqpfkvkqpu" V{rg"qh"Uvwf{" Eq/Cw/Rf1" UkQ.OEO/63" cpf"JOU." *Oqpq."dk"cpf" Vtk/ogvcnnke" kortqxg"vjg"ecvcn{vke" vjkqrjgpg"(" rgthqtocpeg"qh"eqdcnv" vgvtcj{ftqvjkqrjg pg" ecvcn{uvu"d{"gornq{kpi" 562"qE" oguqrqtqwu"uknkec"cu" ecvcn{uv+" " uwrrqtvu"cpf"d{"cffkpi" *Fkhh0"cevkxg" " vyq"fkhhgtgpv"pqdng" rjcug"cpf" ogvcnu*Cw("Rf+" fkhh0uwrrqtv+" Fgvgtokpg"vjg" Eq/Oq"cpf"Pk/ Oq"Qticpk¦gf" oguqrqtqwu" cnwokpcu" *QOC+" *pgy"uwrrqtv+" j{ftqvtgcvkpi"cevkxkv{"qh" Fgecpg"fqrgf" vjg"rtgrctgf"cpf"eqorctg" ykvj"DV" ecvcn{uvu"ykvj"kpfwuvtkcn" *dgp¦qvjkqr/ jgpg+" " Oq1Cn4Q5"*O:/52." DCUH.Igtocp{+."Eq/ Oq1Cn4Q5"*MH"978.+"cpf" Pk/Oq1Cn4Q5."*MH":68+" 68 Tghgtgpeg" Eqpenwukqp" vjg"tgfwekdknkv{"qh"vjg" uwrrqtvgf"ycu"gpjcpegf" d{"Vjg"oqfkhkecvkqp"qh"vjg" uwrrqtv"d{"vjg"cffkvkqp"qh" Xgpg¦kc"et al0" *422;+"" " " rcnncfkwo."iqnf"qxgt"vjg"Rf oqfkhkgf"uknkec."hwtvjgt" rtqoqvgu"vjg"Eq"cevkxkv{" " Vjg"rtgrctgf"Eq/Oq" ecvcn{uv"gzjkdkvgf"oqtg" vjcp"72'"kortqxgogpv"qh" JFU"cevkxkv{"kp"eqorctkuqp" vq"vjg"tghgtgpeg"kpfwuvtkcn" ecvcn{uv"Eq/Oq"MH"9780" Fwg"vq"jkij"uwthceg"ctgc"qh" qticpk¦gf"oguqrqtqwu" uwrrqtv" Mcnw¦c"et al0." "*422:+"" Ecvcn{uv"V{rg " Tgcevcpv" " " Pk/Oq"1OEO/ 63/J[" *pgy"uwrrqtv+" FDV*fkdgp¦qvjkqr jgpg+"fqrgf"kp" fgecnkp" " " Qrgtcvkpi" Eqpfkvkqpu" V{rg"qh"Uvwf{" C"u{pgtigvke"ghhgev"fwg"vq" 4:2Î562"qE. " 702"ORc." kortqxgogpv"qh"JFU" J41JE?3422" uwrrqtv"*OEO"63-¥gqnkvg+" Po5"o/5"cpf" " YJUX?49"j/ " 3 " " Eqpenwukqp" vjg"kpvtqfwevkqp"qh"J[" Tghgtgpeg" Lkpi"Tgp"et al0." "*422:+"" ¦gqnkvg"kpvq"OEO/63"ocvtkz" eqodkpgu"vjg"hcxqtcdng" rtqrgtvkgu"qh"dqvj" eqorqpgpvu."ujqykpi"c" u{pgti{"cu"JFU"uwrrqtv0" Vjg"EXF"vgejpkswg"ku"cnuq" *ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp"uvwf{+" rtgrctcvkqpu"qh"jkijn{" EqOq/U4" *Rtgrctcvkqp" vgejpkswg+" /" /" cevkxg"JFU"ecvcn{uvu"wukpi" pqxgn"pqp/eqpxgpvkqpcn" vgejpkswg"*EXF"ogvjqf+" " xgt{"ghhgevkxg"vq"rtgrctg" JFU"ecvcn{uvu."ukpeg"hwnn" rtqoqvkqp"qh"OqU4" rctvkengu"ecp"dg"cejkgxgf0" Kv"ecp"dg"crrnkgf"vq" guvkocvg"vjg"uwthceg" uvtwevwtg"qh"uwrrqtvgf"EqÎ OqU4" 69 Qmcoqvq"*422:+"" " Ecvcn{uv"V{rg " Tgcevcpv" Qrgtcvkpi" Eqpfkvkqpu" V{rg"qh"Uvwf{" Eqpenwukqp" Tghgtgpeg" Uwnhkfcvkqp"qh"Tw1Cn4Q5"kp" Tw1Cn4Q5" *uwnhkfcvkqp" vgorgtcvwtg" cpf"pgy"v{rg" qh"ecvcn{uv+" " JFU"qh" Vjkqrjgpg"(" pcrjvjcngpg" j{ftqigpcvkqp." " 795"cpf";95"M"ycu"hqwpf" V?"855"M." vq"ngcf"vq"c"hwnn{"uwnhkfgf" 6;5"vq" 7;5"M+.R?" qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"vjg" 3dct" uwnhkfcvkqp"vgorgtcvwtg" " rjcug0"vjg"oqtrjqnqi{"qh" vjg"twvjgpkwo" uwnhkfg"ecvcn{uv"ecp"dg" vwpgf"fwtkpi"vjg"uwnhkfcvkqp" " Xknncn„p"et al0." *422:+"" " " vq"cejkgxg"qrvkowo"JFU" rgthqtocpeg0" EqOq"xu" PkOq."*Eq/Oq." ZTF"tguwnvu"ujqy"pq" Eq."Oq+1" V?522"qE.R?" cnwokpc." hkujdqpg"cpf" rncvgngv"ectdqp" pcpqhkdgtu" *EPHu+"*Fkhh0" 203"ORc0" Vjkqrjgpg" J41JE?59" oqn1oqn+" " qdxkqwu"fkhhgtgpegu" eqorctkuqp"dgvyggp"Eq/ dgvyggp"hkujdqpg"cpf" Oq"cpf"Pk/Oq."ykvj" rncvgngv"EPHu0"Vjg"cnwokpc" fkhhgtgpv"uwrrqtvu" uwrrqtvgf"ecvcn{uvu" " gzjkdkvgf"jkijgt"cevkxkv{" vjcp"vjg"eqttgurqpfkpi" ecvcn{uvu=" EPHu"uwrrqtvgf"ecvcn{uvu" ogvcn"cpf" uwrrqtv+" 70 [w"et al0"*422:+" Ecvcn{uv"V{rg Tgcevcpv" Qrgtcvkpi" Eqpfkvkqpu" V{rg"qh"Uvwf{" Tghgtgpeg" Eqpenwukqp" " " " " Vjg"qrvkowo"vgorgtcvwtg" hqt"vjg"tkpi"qrgpkpi"{kgnf" eqpfkvkqpu"ycu"572"qE0" RvÎKt1"¥t/ OEO/63" *Qrvkok¦cvkqp=" TUO/EEF+" " qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"tkpi" Qrvkowo"nqcfkpi"ycu"307'" fgecnkp" 7"ORc" qrgpkpi"vq"kortqxg"vjg" Kt"cpf"2097'"Rv"hqt"igvvkpi" " " Egvcpg"kpfgz"qh"vjg"fkgugn" oczkowo"tkpi"qrgpkpi" hwgn" {kgnf"qh"38"yv0'"cpf" ugngevkxkv{"qh"48"yv0'"htqo" fgecnkp"cv" 572"qE0" 71 " " " " Oqwnk"et al."*4229+"" " Vtk/Ogvcnnke" " cpf"PGDWNC" Tgcevcpv" " Qrgtcvkpi" Eqpfkvkqpu" " " V{rg"qh"Uvwf{" Eqpenwukqp" " Tghgtgpeg" Kv"jcu"dggp"eqphktogf"vjcv" TUO"vgejpkswg"ycu"wugf" Fqgjngtv"fgukip"cpf" EqOqR1Cn4Q5" /" vq"fgxgnqr"vjg"ocvjgocv" tgurqpug"uwthceg" *vtk/ogvcnnke"-" *ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp" kecn"""oqfgnu"hqt"vjg" ogvjqfqnqi{"ctg"ghhgevkxg" qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh" cpf"qrvkok¦cvkqp" ogejcpkecn"rtqrgtvkgu"qh"c" vgejpkswgu"hqt"vjg" uwnhkfcvkqp" qh"ecvcn{uv" rtqeguu+" uvtwevwtg+" " j{ftqvtgcvkpi"ecvcn{uv"kp"kvu" ocvjgocvkecn"oqfgnkpi"cpf" uwnhkfcvkqp"rtqeguu0" hcevqtu"cpcn{uku"qh"vjg" " ogejcpkecn"rtqrgtvkgu"qh" Yw"et al."*422;+"" " uqnkf"ecvcn{uvu0" PkOqYÎJ"cpf"PkOqYÎ PkÎOqÎY" " fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" *FDV+" " 503"ORc." eqorctkuqp"qh"rtgrctcvkqp" rtqr{n"ucorngu"ujqy"vjg" 845"M" vgejpkswgu"cpf" " ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp"qh" kp"JFU"qh"FDV"cpf" " ecvcn{uvu" gzjkdkvgf"c"engct"fkhhgtgpeg" dguv"ecvcn{vke"rgthqtocpeg" Jwktcejg/Cewpc"et al0"*4228+"" kp"ugngevkxkv{0" " Oq/Y/Pk" " " " FDV" " " " " " 572"qE." 8:047"wukpi"*J4U+"cu" 3047" 6;2"ruk." uwnhkfcvkqp"cigpv" " " " " 72 Iqejk"et al0"*4227+"" " PGDWNC" Tgcevcpv" Qrgtcvkpi" Ecvcn{uv" " Eqpfkvkqpu" fgecnkp"uqnwvkqp" Oq/Y/Pk" " eqpvckpkpi"7"yv'" qh"FDV"*808"i+" " V{rg"qh"Uvwf{" Eqpenwukqp" Ghhgev"qh"uwrrqtv"v{rg" Rv/Up1UkQ4"oqtg"cevkxg" 572" E."802" Eqorctkuqp"uvwf{"ykvj" vjcp"Rv/Up1"Cn4Q5"cpf"vjg" ORc." eqoogtekcn"ecvcn{uv"Pk/ eqoogtekcn"ecvcn{uvu"Eq/ " Oq1Cn4Q5/MH:6:0" Oq1Cn4Q5"MH:6:" " " q rtgrctcvkqp"qh"vtk/ogvcnnke" ugtkgu"qh"Pk/ Oq/Y" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" *FDV+" wp"uwrrqtvgf"Pk/Oq/Y" PC" " uwnhkfgu"ecvcn{uv" cpf"eqorctgf"ykvj"dk/ ogvcnnke"Pk/Oq1Cn4Q5" Tghgtgpeg" Octgm"cpf"¥gpqp" *422:+"" Vjg"cevkxkv{"qh"vjku"ecvcn{uv" ycu"vyq"vkogu"jkijgt"vjcp" c"Pk/Oq1cnwokpc"kpfwuvtkcn" ecvcn{uv"wpfgt"vjg"ucog" eqpfkvkqpu0" C0"Qnkxcu"et al" *422;+"" " " vyq"kpvgtguvkpi" NJUX?32"N" *yjgtg"Og"?" Eq."Pk."Hg+" " " eqttgncvkqpu"dgvyggp"vjg" j/3."rJ4"?" eqorctkuqp"uvwf{" ecvcn{vke"cevkxkv{"qh" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" 707"ORc." dgvyggp"fkhhgtgpv" FDV"tgcevkqpu"ykvj"vjg"Og" *FDV+" rFDV"?" rtqoqvgtu"hqt"JFU"cpf" htcevkqp"uwnhkfgf"cpf"Oq" " 37"mRc"cv" JFP"qh"wp/uwrrqtvgf" urgekgu"cpf"ykvj"vjg"vqvcn" 7;5"M0" ecvcn{uv" uwnhkfgf"itcfg"qh"vjg" Og/OqU4." " ucorngu0" " 73 C0"Qnkxcu"et al" *422:+"" 406" J{rqvjgugu"kp"hkpfkpi"uqnwvkqpu"" " " " Kp"vjg"rtgrctcvkqp"qh"uwrrqtvgf"dk1vtk/ogvcnnke"ecvcn{uvu."vjg"mg{"kuuwgu"ctg<" " "*k+"jqy"vq"etgcvg"cp"kpvkocvg"eqpvcev"dgvyggp"vjg"vyq"ogvcnu."cpf"" *kk+"jqy"vq"eqpvtqn"uwthceg"tgcevkqpu"tgurqpukdng"hqt"vjg"hqtocvkqp"qh""dkogvcnnke" uwthceg"gpvkvkgu"d{"cxqkfkpi"fgrqukvkqp"qh"vjg"ogvcn"qp"vjg"uwrrqtv0"" " Cevkxcvkqp" rtqegfwtg" xkc" uwnhkfcvkqp" rtqeguu" rnc{u" c" mg{" tqng" kp" qdvckpkpi" c" rtqokukpi"ecvcn{uv0"Kpfggf."gornq{kpi"c"uwrgtkqt"uwnhkfcvkqp"cigpv"hqt"vjg"cevkxcvkqp"qh"JFU" ecvcn{uv"yknn"tguwnv"kp"cp"ctvkuvke"ecvcn{uv"vjcv"ecp"eqpxgtv"uwnhwt"vq"J4U"vq"c"itgcv"gzvgpv0""" " Dgukfgu" vjcv." Rv/Tg" qxgt" Cn4Q5" ecvcn{uv" ku" c" ygnn/mpqyp" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uv" wugf" kpvgpukxgn{"kp"EPT"rtqeguu"vq"rtqfweg"tghqtocvgu"cffgf"vq"vjg"icuqnkpg"rqqn0"Ocp{"EPT" ecvcn{uv"u{uvgou"vjcv"rwdnkujgf"kp"nkvgtcvwtg"kpxqnxgf"c"eqodkpcvkqp"qh"vyq"fkhhgtgpv"ogvcnu" *dk/ogvcnnke"u{uvgo+."ockpn{"Rv/Tg"qxgt"fkhhgtgpv"kpgtv"uwrrqtvu="Cn4Q5."uknkec."VkQ4."¦gqnkvgu." okzgf" ogvcn" qzkfgu." gve0" Vtcpukvkqp" ogvcnu." yjgtgcu." jcxg" xctkqwu" qzkfcvkqp" uvcvg" cpf" cevkxkv{"ecp"cuukuv"kp"j{ftqigpcvkqp"tgcevkqpu0"" " Oqtgqxgt."htqo"gzrgtkgpegu"kp"qvjgt"rtqeguugu"kv"ku"fkueqxgtgf"vjcv"xctkcdngu"uwej" cu"vgorgtcvwtg."rtguuwtg."ygkijv1v{rg"qh"ogvcn"nqcfkpi"kp"ecvcn{uv."NJUX"cpf"J41JE"tcvkq" jcxg"ukipkhkecpv"ghhgevu"vq"c"egtvckp"gzvgpv"qp"vjg"ecvcn{vke"rgthqtocpeg"kp"JFU"cpf"EPT" rtqeguugu0"Vjgtghqtg"vjg"j{rqvjgugu"qh"vjku"tgugctej"ctg<" " i-" Wrqp" wukpi" fkhhgtgpv" uwnhkfcvkqp" okzvwtgu" eqortkugf" qh" p/Fgecpg-" p/DFU" qt" p/ Fgecpg"-"FOFDV+"hqt"vjg"cevkxcvkqp"qh"JFU"ecvcn{uv"yknn"tguwnv"kp"fkhhgtgpv"ecvcn{uv" u{uvgou" vjcv" vgpf" vq" gpjcpeg" vjg" vtcpuhqtocvkqp" qh" Eq/Oq" ogvcn" qzkfgu" vq" ogvcn" uwnhkfgu"Eq/Oq/S"cpf"oc{"tguwnv"kp"dgvvgt"cevkxkv{""*jkij"eqpxgtukqp"*J4U+"cpf"nqy" tgukfwcn"uwnhwt+0"" ii-" Cffkvkqp"qh"kpcevkxg"rtqoqvgt"yknn"tguwnv"kp"fkhhgtgpv"ecvcn{vke"cevkxkv{"*tghqtokpi"qh"n/ qevcpg+" cpf" fkhhgtgpv" ugngevkxkv{" qh" rtqfwev" fkuvtkdwvkqpu" *Nqy" ctqocvkeu." jkij" kuqogtu."jkij"TQP"cpf"RKQPC+0"" " " 74 iii-" Vjg" ecvcn{uv" vjcv" yknn" ikxg" vjg" dguv" tguwnvu" jqygxgt" fgrgpfu" qp" vjg" rtgrctcvkqp" ogvjqf" cpf" rtqoqvgtu" kpvtqfwegf" vq" EPT" ecvcn{uv" *Rv/Tg+" ecvcn{uv" cu" ygnn" cu" vjg" cevkxcvkqp"rtqegfwtg"qh"JFU"Eq/Oq"ecvcn{uv0"" iv-" Kpxguvkicvkpi"vjg"ghhgev"qh"fkhhgtgpv"mg{"xctkcdngu"vq"cuukuv"oqfgnkpi"cpf"qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh"vjgug"xctkcdngu"wukpi"fkhhgtgpv"ocvjgocvkecn"cpf"uvcvkuvkecn"qrvkok¦cvkqp"vqqnu"yknn" ckf"vjg"fgvgtokpcvkqp"qh"qrvkowo"eqpfkvkqpu"qh"vjg"rtqeguugu0" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 75 " EJCRVGT"5" " " " " EQPENWUKQPU"CPF"TGEQOGPFCVKQPU" " " " 503" Eqpenwukqpu" " " 30"" Vjg"cevkxcvkqp"uvwfkgu"qh"EqOq"ecvcn{uv"xkc"in-situ"uwnhkfcvkqp"wukpi"fkhhgtgpv"cigpvu" qp"uwnhwt"tgoqxcn"tgcevkqpu"xkc"JFU"tgcevkqpu"cpf"ctqocvkeu"tgfwevkqp"xkc"JFC"tgcevkqpu" ujqy"vjcv"EqOq*p/DFU+"uwnhkfg"wukpi"p/Dwv{nfkuwnhkfg"*p/DFU+"ycu"vjg"uwrgtkqt"rgthqtogf" ecvcn{uv"kp"vgtou"qh"cevkxkv{"cpf"uvcdknkv{"ykvj"tgurgev"ykvj"qdvckpgf"uwnhkfg"ecvcn{uv"wukpi" EqOq*FOFDV+"uwnhkfg"ecvcn{uv0"Kv"ycu"hqwpf"vjcv"ecvcn{uv"uwnhkfg"cv"jkij"vgorgtcvwtg" gzjkdkvgf"dgvvgt"cevkxkv{0"Uwnhwt"tgoqxcn"*JFU."'"cevkxkv{+"kortqxgf"wr"vq":3'"yjgp"vjg" vgorgtcvwtg"ycu"kpetgcugf"wr"vq"592qE"dwv"kv"fgetgcugf"vq"82'"ykvj"kpetgcug"qh"urceg" xgnqekv{"wr"vq"609"j/30"Kv"jcu"cnuq"dggp"hqwpf"vjcv"vjg"tcvg"qh"ctqocvkeu"tgfwevkqp"*JFC."'" cevkxkv{+"gpjcpegf"wr"vq"79'"d{"kpetgcukpi"rtguuwtg"wr"vq"72"dct0"Vjg"Egvcpg"kpfgz"*EK+" wpfgtygpv"cp"kpetgcug"qh"3/5"fgitggu"cpf"itcxkv{"kpetgcugf"d{"3/309"qCRK0" " " 40"" Oqfgnkpi" cpf" qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" rtqeguu" wpfgt" fkhhgtgpv" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu"ycu"uvwfkgf"d{"crrn{kpi"Fgukip"qh"Gzrgtkogpvu"*FQG+"vgejpkswg"eqwrngf"ykvj" tgurqpug" uwthceg" ogvjqfqnqi{" crrtqcej" dcugf" qp" Egpvtcn" Eqorqukvg" Fgukip" *EEF+" gzrgtkogpvu0" Vjg" tgncvkqpujkr" dgvyggp" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" *JFU." '+" cevkxkv{." J{ftqfgctqocvk¦cvkqp" *JFC." '+" cevkxkv{" cpf" Egvcpg" Kpfgz" {kgnf" *EK+" cu" tgurqpugu" ykvj" vjtgg" mg{" tgcevkqp" rctcogvgtu" cu" kpfgrgpfgpv" eqpvtqnngf" xctkcdngu" pcogn{" tgcevqt" vgorgtcvwtg"*552/592qE+."qrgtcvkpi"rtguuwtg"*52/72"dct+"cpf"nkswkf"jqwtn{""urceg"xgnqekv{" NJUX" *3/5" j/3+" ygtg" rtgugpvgf" cu" gorktkecn" ocvjgocvkecn" oqfgnu0" Vjg" fgxgnqrgf" gswcvkqp" oqfgnu" ygtg" vguvgf" ykvj" cpcn{uku" qh" xctkcpeg" *CPQXC+" ykvj" ;7'" fgitgg" eqphkfgpeg0"" 76 Vjg"tguwnvu"qh"vjg"cpcn{uku"eqpenwfgf"vjcv"vjg"gorktkecn"gswcvkqp"oqfgnu"hkvvgf"ygnn"ykvj"vjg" gzrgtkogpvcn" tguwnvu" hqt" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" rtqeguu" vq" rtqfweg" qrvkowo" EK" qh" Fkgugn" hwgn0" Pwogtkecn" tguwnvu" tgxgcngf" vjcv" vjg" oczkowo" EK" qh" :4" ycu" cvvckpgf" cv" qrvkowo" tgcevkqp" vgorgtcvwtg" qh" 575qE." qrgtcvkpi" rtguuwtg" qh" 65" dct" cpf" NJUX" qh" 406" j/3/0" Cffkvkqpcn" gzrgtkogpvu"ygtg"rgthqtogf"cv"vjg"fghkpgf"qrvkowo"eqpfkvkqpu"hqt"xgtkhkecvkqp"qh"JFC."'" cpf"JFU."'"cevkxkvkgu0" " " 50"" Oqfkhkecvkqp" tguwnvu" qh" vgzvwtg" uvtwevwtg" qh" Rv/Tg" ecvcn{uv" wukpi" kpcevkxg" ogvcn" *Up+" ujqy" vjcv" cffkvkqp" qh" vkp" ghhgev" ctqocvk¦cvkqp" tgcevkqpu" vq" c" okpkowo" tcvg" rtqpqwpegfn{" cpf" gpjcpeg" vjg" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" tgcevkqpu0" Kv" ycu" hqwpf" vjcv" nkswkf" {kgnf" qh" tghqtocvg" kpetgcugf" wrqp" kpetgcukpi" kpvtqfwegf" vkp" qh" Rv/Tg/Up." vjg" jkijguv" nkswkf" {kgnf" *ec0" :6" yv0" '+"qp"Rv/Tg/Up"*2054+"ecp"dg"gzrnckpgf"d{"kvu"nqy"j{ftqigpqn{uku"cevkxkv{0""Unkijv"kpetgcug" qh"vjg"{kgnf"qh"ctqocvkeu"cv"nqy"vkp"eqpvgpv"*ec0"2036"yv0"'+"ecp"dg"gzrnckpgf"d{"vjg"fknwvkqp" qh"Rv"ukvgu"qp"vjg"uwthceg"qh"pcpqrctvkengu"*gpugodngu+"d{"vkp0"Vjg"gzvgpv"qh"pqp/rtghgtcdng" ukfg" tgcevkqpu" *j{ftqetcemkpi." eqmkpi+" tgswktg" ownvkrng" rv" ukvgu" ecp" dg" cnvgtgf" d{" vjg" cffkvkqp" qh" vkp0" Wrqp" kpetgcukpi" vjg" coqwpv" qh" vkp" kpvtqfwegf" vjg" eqpegpvtcvkqp" qh" qnghkpu" hqtogf" xkc" fgj{ftqigpcvkqp00" Vjku" dgjcxkqt" qh" kpvtqfwegf" Rv/Tg/Up" *2045+" qp" ecvcn{uv" dgjcxkqt" ecp" dg" cp" korqtvcpv" ejctcevgt." ukpeg" vjg" ctqocvkeu" eqpvgpv" kp" hkpkujgf" icuqnkpg" ujqwnf"dg"nkokvgf1"tgfwegf"d{"vjg"pgct"hwvwtg"htqo"gpxktqpogpvcn"rqkpv"qh"xkgy0""" " " 60"" C"eqorctcvkxg"uvwf{"cpf"eqodkpgf"crrnkecvkqp"qh"TUO"cpf"UCPP"hqt"qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh"TQP"kp"EPT"rtqeguu"ycu"kpxguvkicvgf"xkc"tghqtokpi"qh"p/qevcpg"qxgt"vtkogvcnnke"Rv/Tg/ Up" *2054+" ecvcn{uv" jcu" dggp" ecttkgf" qwv0" Oqfgnkpi" cpf" qrvkok¦cvkqp" cdknkvkgu" qh" dqvj" crrtqcejgu"jcxg"dggp"eqorctgf0"Dcugf"qp"vjg"tguwnvu"qh"Cpcn{uku"qh"xctkcpeg"*CPQXC+." vjg"ownvkrng"fgvgtokpcvkqp"eqghhkekgpv"qh"20:52"ycu"qdvckpgf"hqt"TUO"cpf"3022"hqt"UCPP0" Vjg"uvwf{"tgxgcngf"vjcv"vjg"qrvkowo"eqpfkvkqpu"qhhgtgf"d{"TUO"eqwrngf"ykvj"EEF"jcxg" ngf" vq" c" oczkowo" TQP" qh" :;0" Qp" vjg" qvjgt" jcpf." vjg" UCPP" oqfgn" dcugf" qp" FQG" jcu" eqpfwevgf" vq" c" oczkowo" TQP" qh" ;705" qh" vjg" hqnnqykpi" qrvkocn" eqpfkvkqpu" qh" *V?" 743." R?5202."NJUX"?"4024+0"UCPP/TUO"jcu"ujqyp"vjg"cdknkv{"vq"uqnxg1qxgteqog"vjg"nkokvcvkqp" qh"swcftcvke"rqn{pqokcn"oqfgn"ykvj"nkokvgf"pwodgt"qh"gzrgtkogpvu"kp"uqnxkpi"qrvkok¦cvkqp" eqorngzkv{"cpf"fkhhkewnvkgu"hqt"vjku"rtqeguu0" " " 77 " 504" Tgeqoogpfcvkqpu"cpf"Hwvwtg"Yqtm" " " " c+" Htqo"gpxktqpogpvcnn{"rqkpv"qh"xkgy."hwtvjgt"tgugctej"yqtm"ujqwnf"eqpegpvtcvg"qp" kortqxkpi" vjg" swcnkv{" qh" fkgugn" cpf" icuqnkpg" hwgnu" rtqfwegf" htqo" J{ftqvtgcvkpi" cpf" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi" rtqeguu0" Vjg" tgcuqp" hqt" vjku" ku" vq" hqnnqy" vjg" pgy" gpxktqpogpvcn" hwgn" tgiwncvkqpu" vjcv" tguvtkev" vjg" rtqfwevkqp" qh" jkij" ctqocvkeu" rctvkewnctn{"dgp¦gpg"cpf"uwnhwt"kp"vjg"hkpkujgf"hwgn0" " " d+" Hwvwtg" uvwfkgu" ujqwnf" kpxguvkicvg" vjg" kphnwgpegu" qh" fkhhgtgpv" ogvcn" rtqoqvgtu" uwej" cu" Ig." Hg." cpf" Pk" qp" vjg" rgthqtocpeg" cpf" ugngevkxkv{" qh" vjg" Rv/Tg1Cn4Q5" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uvu0" Ecvcn{vke" pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi" tgcevkqp" pggf" vq" dg" cejkgxgf" qp" qvjgt" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uvu." uwej" cu" Rv-¥gqnkvgu" cpf" Rv-U¥" ecvcn{uvu0" Vjgug" vyq"fkhhgtgpv"ecvcn{uvu"ctg"fwcn"hwpevkqpcn"ecvcn{uvu"yjkej"rtqxkfgf"cevkxg"rjcug" cpf" cekfke" ukvgu0" Dqvj" qh" vjgug" ukvgu" ctg" gzvtgogn{" korqtvcpv" hqt" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi"tgcevkqpu0" " " e+" Hqt" geqpqokecnn{" xkcdng" rtqeguu." Kpuvgcf" qh" rtg/uwnrjkfcvkqp" rtqeguu" d{" wukpi" J4U" qt" Fk/ogvj{n" uwnrjkfg" cigpv" vq" rcuukxkv{" vjg" j{ftqigpqn{uku" cevkxkv{" qh" vjg" tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uvu."kv"ku"jkijn{"tgeqoogpfgf"vq"wug"kpcevkxg"ogvcn"uwej"Up"qt" Ig"ogvcn"rtqoqvgt0"Vjgug"kpcevkxg"ogvcnu"ctg"vjg"dguv"rtqoqvgtu"tgrqtvgf"kp"vjg" nkvgtcvwtg"uq"hct0"" " " f+" Hwvwtg" uvwfkgu" qp" tghqtokpi" tgcevkqp" rtqeguu" ujqwnf" dg" fqpg" qp" Rv/Tg" /" ¥p" ecvcn{uv0" Ukpeg" ¥p" ku" c" ogvcn" kqp" vjcv" gpjcpegu" vjg" cekfkv{" qh" ecvcn{uv." vjg" coqwpv" qh" ogvcn" nqcfgf" wukpi" xctkqwu" v{rgu" qh" rtgrctcvkqp" vgejpkswgu" *kortgipcvkqp."uqn/ign."rj{ukecn"okzkpi."gve0+"ujqwnf"dg"qrvkok¦gf0" " " " " 78 g+" Oqtg" uvwfkgu" qp" cevkxcvkqp" qh" ecvcn{vke" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" tgcevkqpu" wukpi" fkhhgtgpv" uwnhkfcvkqp" cigpvu" kp" vjg" EqOq" ecvcn{uv" wukpi" fkhhgtgpv" oqfgn" eqorqwpfu" cpf" tgcn" hggfuvqemu" uwej" cu" xcewwo" icu" qkn" ujqwnf" dg" eqpfwevgf" wpfgt" jkijgt" tgcevkqp"vgorgtcvwtgu0" " h+" Owej" cvvgpvkqp" ujqwnf" dg" ickpgf" qp" fgxgnqrkpi" c" vtk" ogvcnnke" ecvcn{uv" qt" PWDGNC" JFU" ecvcn{uv" cu" ygnn" cu" dkqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" cpf" qzkfcvkxg" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" rtqeguugu" ku" jkijn{" tgeqoogpfgf." kp" qtfgt" vq" cvvckp" c" vcngpvgf" ecvcn{uv" cpf" rtqokqukpi" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" rtqeguu" ukpeg" vjg" qdnkicvkqp" ku" eqpvkpwqwun{" tgpgygf" qp" vjg" tghkpgt{" u{uvgo" igpgtcnn{" vq" rtqfweg" engcp" vtcpurqtvcvkqp"hwgnu0"" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 79 " " TGHGTGPEGU" " " " " Cdqwn/Ijgkv." C0" M0." Cdqwn/Ijgkv." P0" C0" M0." cpf" Cycfcnncj." C0" G0" *422:+0" Ghhgev" qh" " J{ftqjcnqigpcvkqp" " J{ftqeqpxgtukqp" qh" KK0" Ogvcn1¥gqnkvg" Tjgpkwo1J/¥UO/7" Ecvcn{uvu" Ecvcn{uvu0" hqt" E{enqjgzgpg" Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 29*4+."335/3440" Cduk" Jcncdk." O0." Uvcpkuncwu." C0." Scotc." C0." cpf" Ejqrtc." U0" *3;;8+0" Ghhgev" qh" " rtguwnhkfkpi"" qp" vjg" cevkxkv{" cpf" fgcevkxcvkqp" qh" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" ecvcn{uvu" kp" " rtqeguukpi"Mwyckv"" xcewwo"tgukfwg0"Kp"L0"D0"O0"Cduk/Jcncdk"cpf"C0""Uvcpkuncwu" " *Gfu0+."Studies in " 473+<"Gnugxkgt" Surface Science and Catalysis"*Xqn0"Xqnwog"" 322." rr0" 465/ Cduk/Jcncdk." O0." Uvcpkuncwu." C0" *4227+0" Ncvguv" fgxgnqrogpvu" kp" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" " ecvcn{uvu<"Oggvkpi"hqt"vjg"eqokpi"uwnhwt"urgekhkecvkqpu"hqt"vtcpurqtvcvkqp"" hwgnu0" Oil Arab Cooperat0"53."47" Cduk/Jcncdk."O0."Uvcpkuncwu."C0"cpf"Scdc¦ctf."J0"*3;;9+0"Vtgpfu"kp"ecvcn{uku"" " tgugctej" vq"oggv"hwvwtg"tghkpkpi"pggfu0"Hydrocarbon Processing."98."67" Cejvgp."E0."Mqnd."C0."cpf"R¯vvocpp."Y0"*4223+0"Ogvj{n"vgtv/dwv{n"gvjgt"*OVDG+"kp""wtdcp" " cpf" twtcn" rtgekrkvcvkqp" kp" Igtocp{0" Atmospheric Environment, 35*58+" 8559/ " 85670" CGT0"*4223+0Cppwcn"Gpgti{"Tgxkgy0"ri0"455" Cm¦q" " Pqdgn0" *4224+0" jvvr<11yyy0cm¦qpqdgn/ecvcn{uvu0eqo1" jvon1j{ftqrtqeguukpi1" ecvcn{uvu1jeecv¦g0jvo0+" Cn/Dctqqf."C0."cpf"Uvcpkuncwu."C0"*4229+0"Wnvtc/fggr"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"eqmgt"cpf""uvtckijv/" " twp"icu"qknu<"Ghhgev"qh"nqygtkpi"hggfuvqem";7'"dqknkpi"rqkpv0"Fuel Processing Technology, 88*5+."52;/5370"" Cnk."U0"C0."Oqjcoogf."C0"U0."cpf"Oqjcoogf."C0"C0"*4227+0"(nv=d(iv=Rctcogvtke"" uvwf{" qh" " ecvcn{vke"tghqtokpi"rtqeguu(nv=urcp"uv{ng?)ouq/"" urcegtwp<{gu)(iv="(nv=1d(iv0" " Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 87*3+.""3;;/4280" Cnk." U0" C0." Ukffkswk." C0" O0" cpf" Cnk." O0" C0" *4228+0" rctcogvtke" uvwf{" qh" ecvcn{vke" " tghqtokpi"rtqeguu0" Reaction Kinetics 80 Catalysis Letters.":9."Pq0"3<"3;;/4280" " Cn/Mcpfctk."J0."Cn/Mjctchk."H0."cpf"Mcvtkd."C0"*4232+0"J{ftqkuqogtk¦cvkqp"qh"p/" qevcpg" " qp""oqn{dfgpwo"dcugf"ecvcn{uv0"Applied Catalysis A: General, 383*3/" 4+." 363/" " 36:0" Cnnckp."L0"H0."Ocipqwz."R0."Uejwn¦."R0."cpf"Iwkupgv."O0"*3;;9+0"J{ftqkuqogtk¦cvkqp"" qh" " p/" jgzcpg" qxgt" rncvkpwo" oc¦¦kvg" cpf" rncvkpwo" oqtfgpkvg" ecvcn{uvu" mkpgvkeu" " cpf"ogejcpkuo0"Applied Catalysis A: General, 152*4+."443/4570" Cnqpuq/" Pwpg¦." L0N0" *4227+0" Ghhgev" qh" uwnhkfcvkqp" qp" Oq/Y/Pk" vtkogvcnnke" ecvcn{uvu" kp" " vjg"JFU"qh"FDV0"Catalysis Today"0329<"753Î7580" Cnxctg¦."C0."Gueqdct."L0."Vqngfq."L0"C0."Rﬁtg¦."X0."Eqtvﬁu."O0"C0."Rﬁtg¦."O0""*4229+0" " JFU"qh"uvtckijv/twp"icu"qkn"cv"xctkqwu"pkvtqigp"eqpvgpvu0"Eqorctkuqp"" " fkhhgtgpv"tgcevkqp"u{uvgou0"Fuel, 86*;+."3462/34680" Couvgtfco<" " Gnugxkgt0" *4232+0" Fundamentals of Petroleum Tgugctej" Qevcpg" Pwodgt" hqt" dgvyggp" J{ftqectdqpu0" Refining"*rr0"6:7/6:8+0" Cpejg{vc."L0."Cpigngu."O0"L0."Oce cu."O0"L0."Octtqsw p."I0."("Oqtcngu."T0"*4223+0""Ejcpigu" " kp"Crrctgpv"Tgcevkqp"Qtfgt"cpf"Cevkxcvkqp"Gpgti{"kp"vjg"" " qh"Tgcn"Hggfuvqemu0"Energy & Fuels, 16*3+."3:;/3;50" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" Cpejg{vc."L0."Dgvcpeqwtv."I0."Octtqsw p."I0."Egpvgpq."I0."Ecuvc‚gfc."N0"E0."Cnqpuq."" " H0" *4224+0"J{ftqrtqeguukpi"qh"Oc{c"jgcx{"etwfg"qkn"kp"vyq"tgcevkqp"uvcigu0"" Applied Catalysis A: General, 233*3/4+."37;/3920" Cpejg{vc/Lwƒtg¦." L0." Ciwknct/Tqft iwg¦." G0." Ucnc¦ct/Uqvgnq." F0." (" Octtqsw p/ " Uƒpejg¦."I0"*3;;;+0"Ghhgev"qh"nkijv"e{eng"qkn"qp"fkgugn"j{ftqvtgcvogpv0"Kp"I0"" H0" " H0" D0" Fgnoqp" (" R0" Itcpig" *Gfu0+." Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis" " *Xqn0Xqnwog"349."rr0"565/568+<"Gnugxkgt0"" Cpfgtuqp/Eqqm."E0"O0."Dqttqt."E0"O0"cpf"Oqpviqogt{."F0"E0"*422;+0"Tgurqpug"" uwthceg" " fgukip" xcnwcvkqp" cpf" eqorctkuqp0" Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference035;<"84;/8630" Cppwcn"Gpgti{"Qwvnqqm0"*422;+0"jvvr<11yyy0gkc0fqg0iqx1" Cpvcnhh{."N0"R0."Jcgnuki."E0"R0."Yguv."I0"cpf""Fcpkcn."H0*"4224+0"Inqdcn"engcp"hwgnu""cpf" vjg" " Okffng"Gcuv0"Pet.Technol. Q0."*cwvwop+."95Î:70" Cpvqu." I0" L0" cpf" Ckvvcpk." C0O0" *4226+0" Ecvcn{vke" Pcrjvjc" Tghqtokpi0" Second edition Book, Revised and Expanded"*Ejgokecn"Kpfwuvtkgu+0"*OCTEGN"FGMMGT.""KPE0" " PGY[QWT0"DCUGN+" " " 81 Ctcmk." [0." Jqppc." M0." (" Ujkocfc." J0" *4224+0" Hqtocvkqp" cpf" Ecvcn{vke" Rtqrgtvkgu" qh" " Gfig/Dqpfgf" Oqn{dfgpwo" Uwnhkfg" Ecvcn{uvu" qp" VkQ40" Journal of Catalysis, 207*4+."583/5920"" Cttkdcu."O0"C0."Oƒtswg¦."H0."OctvK."cpf"pg¦."C0"*4222+0"Cevkxkv{."Ugngevkxkv{."cpf"" Uwnhwt" " Tgukuvcpeg"qh"Rv1YQz/¥tQ4"cpf"Rv1Dgvc"Ecvcn{uvu"hqt"vjg"" Ukownvcpgqwu" " J{ftqkuqogtk¦cvkqp"qh"p/Jgrvcpg"cpf"J{ftqigpcvkqp"qh"" Dgp¦gpg0" Journal of Catalysis, 190*4+."52;/53;0" Ctuncp/Cncvqp." K0." [cncdkm." C0" D0." cpf" Qnog¦/Jcpek." V0" *4232+0" Fgxgnqrogpv" qh" " gzrgtkogpvcn"fgukip"oqfgnu"vq"rtgfkev"Rjqvq/Hgpvqp"qzkfcvkqp"qh"c""eqoogtekcnn{" " korqtvcpv"pcrjvjcngpg"uwnhqpcvg"cpf"kvu"qticpke"ectdqp"" eqpvgpv0" Chemical Engineering Journal, 165*4+."7;9/8280" Dctqpgvvk."I0"V0."Okiwgn."U0"T0"Uegn¦c."Q0"C0"cpf"Ecuvtq."C0"C0"*3;:9+0"Uvcvg"qh"" " rjcug"kp"Rv/Up1Cn4Q5"ecvcn{uvu"rtgrctgf"d{"fkhhgtgpv"fgrqukvkqp"" " Applied Catalysis.46<32;/3380" ogvcnnke" vgejpkswgu0" Dcutk."O0."Tcjocp."P0."Gdtcjkorqwt."C0."Dcmct"Ucnngj."C0."T{cpvkp"Iwpcycp."G0.""cpf" " Tcjocp."D0"*4229+0"Eqorctkuqp"qh"guvkocvkqp"ecrcdknkvkgu"qh"tgurqpug"u" wthceg" " ogvjqfqnqi{"*TUO+"ykvj"ctvkhkekcn"pgwtcn"pgvyqtm"*CPP+"kp"nkrcug/" ecvcn{¦gf" " u{pvjguku"qh"rcno/dcugf"ycz"guvgt0"BMC Biotechnology, 7*3+."3/360" Dcutk." O0." Tcjocp." T0." Gdtcjkorqwt." C0." Ucnngj." C0." Iwpcycp." G0." cpf" Tcjocp." O0" " *4229+0"Eqorctkuqp"qh"guvkocvkqp"ecrcdknkvkgu"qh"tgurqpug"uwthceg"" ogvjqfqnqi{" " *TUO+"ykvj"ctvkhkekcn"pgwtcn"pgvyqtm"*CPP+"kp"nkrcug/" ecvcn{¦gf" u{pvjguku" qh" rcno/ " dcugf"ycz"guvgt0"BMC Biotechnology, 7*3+."750" Dcvcknng."H0."Ngodgtvqp."L0N0."Okejcwf."R0."Rgtqv."I0."Xtkpcv."O0."Ngocktg."O0."" Dtg{uug." O0" cpf" Mcu¦vgncp." U0" *4222+0" Uejwn¦." " G0." Cnm{fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu" " J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"Rtqoqvgt"Ghhgev."Tgcevkxkv{."cpf"Tgcevkqp"Ogejcpkuo0"" J. Catal0"3;3<"62;/6440""" Dgg." C0" I0" *3;;5+0" Vjg" Iqnfgp" Egpvwt{" qh" Qkn" 3;72/4272//Vjg" fgrngvkqp" qh" c" " tguqwteg<" E0" L0" Ecordgnn" Mnwygt" Cecfgoke=" 3;;3=" KUDP" 29;45" 3664" 7=" Rtkeg" " Fhn"3;2="˚860"Marine and Petroleum Geology0"32<"3:4/3:50" Dgl."U0"M0"*4226+0"Tgxcorkpi"qh"fkgugn"j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦gtu<"qrvkqpu"cxckncdng"cpf""hwvwtg" " tgugctej"pggfu0"Fuel Processing Technology0":7<"3725/37390" Dgpkvg¦."X0."Dqwv¦gnqkv."O0."Oc¦¦kgtk."X0"C0."Gurgegn."E0."Grtqp."H0."Xgtc."E0"T0"" *4229+0" " Rtgrctcvkqp"qh"vtkogvcnnke"Rv/Tg/Ig1Cn4Q5"cpf"Rv/Kt/Ig1Cn4Q5"" " tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uvu"d{"uwthceg"tgfqz"tgcevkqp0"Applied Catalysis A: General, 319.432/4390" 82 pcrjvjc"" Dgtigt." F0." Ncpfcw." O0" X0." Jgtumqykv¦." O0." (" Dqigt." ¥0" *3;;8+0" Fggr" " j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" cvoqurjgtke" icu" qkn=" Ghhgevu" qh" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" " cpf"oqfgnnkpi"d{"ctvkhkekcn"pgwtcn"pgvyqtm"vgejpkswgu0"Fuel, 75*9+.";29/;330" Dgtigt." F0." Ncpfcw." O0" X0." Jgtumqykv¦." O0." (" Dqigt." ¥0" *3;;8+0" Fggr" " j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" cvoqurjgtke" icu" qkn=" Ghhgevu" qh" qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" " cpf"" oqfgnnkpi"d{"ctvkhkekcn"pgwtcn"pgvyqtm"vgejpkswgu0"Fuel, 75*9+.";29/" ;330" Dg¦gttc."O0"C0."Ucpvgnnk."T0"G0."Qnkxgktc."G0"R0."Xknnct."N0"U0."cpf"Guecngktc."N0"C0"" *422:+0" " Tgurqpug"uwthceg"ogvjqfqnqi{"*TUO+"cu"c"vqqn"hqt"qrvkok¦cvkqp"kp""cpcn{vkecn" " ejgokuvt{0"Talanta, 76*7+.";87/;990" Djcvvk."O0"U0."Mcrqqt."F0."Mcnkc."T0"M0."Tgff{."C0"U0."cpf"Vjwmtcn."C0"M0"*4233+0"" TUO" " cpf"CPP"oqfgnkpi"hqt"gngevtqeqciwncvkqp"qh"eqrrgt"htqo"ukowncvgf""ycuvgycvgt<" " Ownvk"qdlgevkxg"qrvkok¦cvkqp"wukpi"igpgvke"cniqtkvjo"crrtqcej0"" Desalination, 274*3/5+."96/:20" Dkujctc." C0." Uvcpkuncwu." C0" cpf" Jwuuckp.U0U0" *3;:6+0" Ghhgev" qh" hggf" eqorqukvkqp" cpf" " qrgtcvkpi" eqpfkvkqpu" qp" ecvcn{uv" fgcevkxcvkqp" cpf" qp" rtqfwev" {kgnf" cpf" swcnkv{" " fwtkpi"pcrjvjc"ecvcn{vke"tghqtokpi0"Applied Catalysis."35<335/3470" Dqvejyg{."E0."Fcnck."C0"M0."("Cflc{g."L0"*4225+0"Rtqfwev"Ugngevkxkv{"fwtkpi"" J{ftqvtgcvkpi" " cpf"Oknf"J{ftqetcemkpi"qh"Dkvwogp/Fgtkxgf"Icu"Qkn0"Energy & Fuels, 17*7+." 3594/ " 35:30" Dqvejyg{." E0." Fcnck." C0" M0." (" Cflc{g." L0" *4226+0" Vyq/Uvcig" J{ftqvtgcvkpi" qh" " Cvjcdcuec"Jgcx{"Icu"Qkn"ykvj"Kpvgtuvcig"J{ftqigp"Uwnhkfg"Tgoqxcn<凹"Ghhgev"" " Rtqeguu"Eqpfkvkqpu"cpf"Mkpgvke"Cpcn{ugu0"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry qh" Research, 43*3:+."7:76/7:830" Dqwv¦gnqkv." O0." Dgpkvg¦." X0" O0." Oc¦¦kgtk." X0" C0." Gurgegn." E0." " Grtqp." H0." Xgtc." E0" T0." " Rkgem."E0"N0"cpf"Octﬁeqv."R0"*4228+0"Ghhgev"qh"vjg"ogvjqf"qh"cffkvkqp"qh"Ig"" qp" " vjg" ecvcn{vke" rtqrgtvkgu" qh" RvÎTg1Cn4Q5" cpf" RvÎKt1Cn4Q5" " pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi" " ecvcn{uvu0"Catalysis communications09<849/854" Dtqfgtkem." F0" J0." " Ucrtg.C0" X0." Icvgu.D0" E0" Myctv." J0" cpf" Uejwkv." I0" E0" C0" *3;:4+" " J{ftqigpcvkqp" qh" ctqocvke" eqorqwpfu" ecvcn{¦gf" d{" uwnhkfgf" EqQ/OqQ51 / " Cn4Q5. Journal of Catalysis0"95<"67/6;" Dtqyp." K0" Y0" O0." Dqyfgp." O0" G0." Mgookvv." V0." (" OceMgp¦kg." M0" L0" F0" *4228+0" " Uvtwevwtcn" cpf" vjgtocn" ejctcevgtkucvkqp" qh" pcpquvtwevwtgf" cnwokpc" vgorncvgu0" " Current Applied Physics, 6*5+."779/7830"" " " 83 Dwtmgtv."L0"H0"O0."Ocwigtk."H0."cpf"Tqftkiwgu."O0"K0"*4226+0"Qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh""gzvtcegnnwnct" " nkrcug"rtqfwevkqp"d{"Igqvtkejwo"ur0"wukpi"hcevqtkcn"fgukip0"" Bioresource Technology, 91*3+."99/:60" Dwuvq." O0." Xgtc." E0" T0." cpf" Itcw." L0" O0" *4233+0" Qrvkocn" rtqeguu" eqpfkvkqpu" hqt" vjg" " kuqogtk¦cvkqp/etcemkpi" qh" nqpi/ejckp" p/rctchhkpu" vq" jkij" qevcpg" kuqogtk¦cvg" " icuqnkpg" qxgt" Rv1UQ64//¥tQ4" ecvcn{uvu0" Fuel Processing Technology, 92*;+." " 3897/38:60" Uqpi."U0"Juw."K0"Oqejkfc"*Gfu0+."Ejgokuvt{"qh"Fkgugn"Hwgnu."Vc{nqt"cpf"Htcpeku."" Pgy" " [qtm."*Ejcrvgt"4+0" Ecpfkc.T0." Vqru¼g." J0" cpf" Encwugp." D0U0" *3;:6+0" Rtqeggfkpi" kp" ; vj" Iberoamerican Symp. On Catalysis."Nkudqp."Rqtvwicn."r0"4330"" Ectnuqp." T0." cpf" Ectnuqp." L0" G0" *4227+0" Ecpqpkecn" Cpcn{uku" qh" Tgurqpug" Uwthcegu<凹" C" " Xcnwcdng" Vqqn" hqt" Rtqeguu" Fgxgnqrogpv30" Organic Process Research & Development, 9*5+."543/5520" Ectxcnjq."N0"U0."Rkgem."E0"N0."Tcpign."O0"E0."Hkiqnk."P0"U0."Xgtc."E0"T0."cpf"Rctgtc."L0"" " O0" *4226+0"Vtkogvcnnke"pcrjvjc"tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uvu<"KK0"Rtqrgtvkgu"qh"vjg"cekf"" hwpevkqp" " cpf"kphnwgpeg"qh"vjg"qtfgt"qh"cffkvkqp"qh"vjg"ogvcnnke"rtgewtuqtu"qp"" Rv/Tg/ " Up1]icooc̲/Cn4Q5/En0"Applied Catalysis A: General, 269*3/4+."327/"3380" Ectxcnjq." N0" U0." Rkgem." E0." N0." Tcpign." O0." E0." HkŁiqnk." P0." U0." Itcw." L0." O0." Tg{gu." R0" " cpf" Rctgtc." L0." O0" *4226+0" Vtkogvcnnke" pcrjvjc" tghqtokpi" ecvcn{uvu<" K0" " Rtqrgtvkgu"qh"vjg"ogvcn"hwpevkqp"cpf"kphnwgpeg"qh"vjg"qtfgt"qh"cffkvkqp"qh"" vjg" " ogvcnnke"rtgewtuqtu"qp"Rv/Tg/Up1 Cn4Q5/En0"Applied Catalysis: A0"" 48;<;3/ " 3250" Egvkpc."F0"O0."Iktcnfq."I0"K0."cpf"Qttgiq."E0"G0"*4233+0"Crrnkecvkqp"qh"tgurqpug"" uwthceg" " fgukip"vq"uqnxgpv."vgorgtcvwtg"cpf"nkrcug"ugngevkqp"hqt"qrvkocn"" oqpqin{egtkfg" " rtqfwevkqp0"Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, " Ejcpftc"Oqwnk."M0."wpfctcowtvj{.X0"U."Fcnck"C0M0"cpf""Tkpi."¥0""*4229+0"Ugngevkxg" " tkpi"qrgpkpi"qh"fgecnkp"ykvj"RvÎKt"qp"¥t"oqfkhkgf"OEO/630"Applied Ecvcn{uku" " Igpgtcn0"543<39/48 72*3/4+."35/3;0" C<" Eqqrgt." D0" J0." cpf" Fqppku." D0" D0" N0" *3;;8+0" Ctqocvke" ucvwtcvkqp" qh" fkuvknncvgu<" cp" " qxgtxkgy0"Applied Catalysis A: General, 137*4+."425/4450"" Eqtoc."C0."Ugttc."L0"O0"cpf"Ejkec."C0"*4225+0"Fkueqxgt{"qh"pgy"rctchhkp"" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" " ecvcn{uvu"dcugf"qp"UQ64&1¥tQ4"cpf"YQz1¥tQ4"crrn{kpi"" " vgejpkswgu0"" Catalysis Today. :3<"6;7/7280" " 84 eqodkpcvqtkcn" Ewgxcu." C0." Hgdtgtq." O0." cpf" Htckocp." T0" *4226+0" Cp" cpqxc" vguv" hqt" hwpevkqpcn" fcvc0" " Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 47*3+."333/3440" "Fccig."O0"cpf"Ejkcpgnnk."T0"T0"*3;;6+0"Uvtwevwtg/Hwpevkqp"Tgncvkqpu"kp"" " Uwnhkfg"Ecvcn{uvu<"Vjg"Tko/Gfig0"Oqfgngewnct0"Journal of " 636/" 6490" Oqn{dfgpwo" 3;6<" Catalysis0" Fgn"Cpign."I0."Dqpknnc."C0."Pcxcttgvg."L0."Hkiwgtqc."G0"I0."cpf"Hkgttq."L0"N0I0"" " Vjg"Kpjkdkvkpi"Ghhgev"qh"Ncpvjcpwo"qp"vjg"Hqtocvkqp"qh"Dgp¦gpg"" " Up1Cn4Q5"Tghqtokpi0"Journal of Catalysis0"425<"479/4850" *4223+0" qxgt" Rv/ Fgtqwcpg." G0" I0." Rgfgtugp." G0." Encwugp." D0" U0." Icdgnkec." ¥0." Ecpfkc." T0." (" Vqru¼g." J0" " *3;:8+0" GRT" uvwfkgu" qp" wpuwrrqtvgf" cpf" cnwokpc/uwrrqtvgf" uwnhkfgf" Eq///Oq" " j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"ecvcn{uvu0"Journal of Catalysis, 99*4+."475/4830"" Fguck." M0" O0." Uwtxcug." U0" C0." Ucwfcict." R0" U0." Ngng." U0" U0." cpf" Ukpijcn." T0" U0" *422:+0" " Eqorctkuqp" qh" ctvkhkekcn" pgwtcn" pgvyqtm" *CPP+" cpf" tgurqpug" uwthceg" " ogvjqfqnqi{" *TUO+" kp" hgtogpvcvkqp" ogfkc" qrvkok¦cvkqp<" Ecug" uvwf{" qh" " hgtogpvcvkxg" rtqfwevkqp" qh" uengtqinwecp0" Biochemical Engineering Journal, 41*5+."488/4950" Fkpi."N0."cpf"¥jgpi."[0"*4228+0"Fgeqorqukvkqp"qh"fkogvj{nfkuwnhkfg"qp"" " xctkqwu" Y/Pk"" ecvcn{uvu0"Catalysis Communications, 7*34+."3257/32630"" Fqdtqxqnu¦m{." O0." Vﬁvﬁp{k." R0." cpf" Rcƒn." ¥0" *3;:4+0" Ecvcn{vke" vtcpuhqtocvkqpu" qh" " e{enqjgzcpqn" qp" Itqwr" XKKK" ogvcn" ecvcn{uvu0" Journal of Catalysis, 96*3+." 53/ " 650" GKC." Gpgti{" Kphqtocvkqp" Cfokpkuvtcvkqp0" *4224+0" WU" Fgrctvogpv" qh" Gpgti{." " Ycujkpivqp."FE."Hwpfcogpvcnu"qh"Rgvtqngwo"Tghkpkpi0"Couvgtfco<"Gnugxkgt0" Gkludqwvu." U0." Dcvvkuvqp." C0" C0." (" xcp" Nggtfco." I0" E0" *422:+0" Nkhg" e{eng" qh" " j{ftqrtqeguukpi" ecvcn{uvu" cpf" vqvcn" ecvcn{uv" ocpcigogpv0" Catalysis Today, 130*4/6+."583/5950"" "Gn" Mcf{." H0" [0" C0." Cdf" Gn" Ycjgf." O0" I0." Ujcdcp." U0." (" Cdq" Gn" Pcic." C0" Q0" *4232+0" " J{ftqvtgcvkpi"qh"jgcx{"icu"qkn"wukpi"EqOq1]icooc̲/Cn4Q5"ecvcn{uv"" " d{"gswknkdtkwo"fgrqukvkqp"hknvtcvkqp0"Fuel, 89*33+."53;5/54280"" rtgrctgf" Gnhijk."H0."Cokp."P0"C0"U0"*4232+0"Rctcogvtke"uvwf{"qh"j{ftqfguwnrjwtk¦cvkqp"rtqeguu"" " c"rknqv"rncp."rtqeggfkpi"Kp"6vj"Tghkpkpi"Ejkpc"4232."Thesis of Refining kp" China 2010,"Gf0"Etcodgvj"Cnngp"Rwdnkujkpi"Nvf<"Dgklkpi."4232="rr"448/4550" Gnictpk."O0"*422:+0"Fkgugnk¦cvkqp"vtgpfu"kp"Gwtqrg."Pqtvj"Cogtkec"cpf"Ejkpc0"The international technology of oil and gas forum and exhibition."VQI/86<"" " 85 4th 335" " Gtpõ."G0"M0"*4229+."Kphnwgpeg"qh"vjg"cevkxcvkqp"vgorgtcvwtg"qp"uvtwevwtcn"cpf"vgzvwtcn" " rtqrgtvkgu"qh"pk/oq1cn4q5"j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"ecvcn{uvu0"React.Kinet.Catal.Lett0" " ;3<":7/;40" Hcjko." O0" C0." Cnucjjch." V0" C0." cpf" Gnmkncpk." C0" *4232c+0" Tghkpgt{" Geqpqokeu" " Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining"*rr0"625/643+0"Couvgtfco<"Gnugxkgt0"" Hcjko."O0"C0."Cnucjjch."V0"C0."cpf"Gnmkncpk."C0"*4232d+0"Tghkpgt{"Hggfuvqemu"cpf"" Rtqfwevu" " Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining"*rr0"33/53+0"Couvgtfco<"" Gnugxkgt0"" Hctci." J0." Ucmcpkujk." M0." Oqejkfc." K0" cpf" Yjkvgjwtuv." F0" F0" *3;;;+0" Mkpgvke" Cpcn{ugu" " cpf" Kpjkdkvkqp" d{" Pcrjvjcngpg" cpf" J4U" kp" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" 6.8 " Fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"*6.8/FOFDV+"qxgt"EqOq/Dcugf"Ectdqp"" " Energy and Fuels0"35<"66;0" Ecvcn{uv0" Htcpeguejkpk." I0" cpf" Oceejkgvvq." U0" *422:+0" Oqfgn/dcugf" fgukip" qh" gzrgtkogpvu" hqt " rctcogvgt"rtgekukqp<"Uvcvg"qh"vjg"ctv0"Ejgokecn"Gpikpggtkpi"Uekgpeg0"85<"" 6:68/ " 6:940" Htcpeguejkpk." I0." cpf" Oceejkgvvq." U0" *422:+0" Oqfgn/dcugf" fgukip" qh" gzrgtkogpvu" hqt" " rctcogvgt" rtgekukqp<" Uvcvg" qh" vjg" ctv0" Chemical Engineering Science, 63*3;+." " 6:68/6:940" Htcpm"Rj0F."L0"T0"*3;;4+0"Gzrgtkogpvcn"fgukip"kp"dkqvgejpqnqi{."uvcvkuvkeu<""Vgzvdqqmu" cpf" " oqpqitcrju."xqnwog"327"Rgtt{"F0"Jccncpf"Octegn"Fgmmgt."" Kpe0." Pgy" [qtm." P[." " 47;"rcigu"]KUDP"Pq0<"2/:469/9::3/4̲"W0U0"Nkuv"Rtkeg<""&:;097*3;:;+0" Environmental Progress, 11*5+."C:/C;0"" Hwlkmcyc." V0." Hcdkq" J0" T0" " cpf" Icdqt" C0" U0" *3;;;+0" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" " vgvtcj{ftqvjkqrjgpg"qxgt"gxcrqtcvgf"Oq."Eq"cpf"Oq/Eq"oqfgn"ecvcn{uvu0""Catalysis Letters085<"3/4"" H¿pg¦." C0." Fg" Nwecu." C0." Uƒpejg¦." R0." Tcoqu." O0" L0." cpf" Xcnxgtfg." L0" N0" *422:+0" " J{ftqkuqogtk¦cvkqp"kp"nkswkf"rjcug"qh"c"tghkpgt{"pcrjvjc"uvtgco"qxgt"Rv/" Pk1J/ " dgvc"¦gqnkvg"ecvcn{uvu0"Chemical Engineering Journal, 136*4/5+."489/" 4970" H¯tejv." è0." Vwpingt." C0." cpf" U¦cd„." U0" *4223+0" p/Qevcpg" Tghqtokpi<" Eqpxgtukqp" Cpf" " Ugngevkxkv{" Fgrgpfgpeg" Qp" Urceg" Xgnqekv{0" Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 72*4+."48;/4970" H¯tejv." è0." Vwpingt." C0." U¦cd„." U0." cpf" Uƒtmƒp{." C0" *4224+0" p/Qevcpg" tghqtokpi" qxgt" " oqfkhkgf"ecvcn{uvu<"K0"Vjg"tqng"qh"Up."Vg"cpf"Dk"wpfgt"kpfwuvtkcn"eqpfkvkqpu0""Applied Catalysis A: General, 226*3/4+."377/3830" " 86 Hwtejv."C0."Vwpingt."C0."U¦cdq."U0."Uejc{."¥0."Xkfc."N0"cpf"Itgukvu."K0"*4224+0"p/" " tghqtokpi"qxgt"oqfkhkgf"ecvcn{uvu<"KK0"Vjg"tqng"qh"Cw."Kt"cpf"Rf0"" Qevcpg" Applied Catalysis A0"453<373/3790" Ict{." L0" J" cpf" Jcpfygtm." I0G0" *3;;6+0" Rgvtqngwo" Tghkpkpi" Vgejpqnqi{" cpf" " Geqpqokeu."" Marcel Dekker, New York<"6870" Iktiku." O0" L0." cpf" Icvgu." D0" E0" *3;;3+0" Tgcevkxkvkgu." tgcevkqp" pgvyqtmu." cpf" mkpgvkeu" kp"" " jkij/rtguuwtg"ecvcn{vke"j{ftqrtqeguukpi0"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 30*;+."4243/427:0"" Ikuu{."J0."Dctvuej.T0"cpf"Vcpkgnkcp."E0"*3;:2+0"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp<KKK0"Tgncvkqp"" dgvyggp" " rtgvtgcvkpi"eqpfkvkqpu"cpf"j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"cevkxkv{"qh"Eq/Oq/" Cn4Q5""ecvcn{uv0" " Journal of Catalysis."87<372/379" Incuuqp." E0." Igcpvgv." E0." Ncetqkz." O0." Ncdtw{gtg." H0." (" Fwhtgupg." R0" *4224+0" " Dgpghkekcn" Ghhgev" qh" Ectdqp" qp" J{ftqvtgcvkpi" Ecvcn{uvu0" Journal of Catalysis, 212*3+."98/:70"" Hgttctk." O0." Dquocpu." U0." Ociik." T0." Fgnoqp." D0." (" Itcpig." R0" *4223+0" EqOq1ectdqp" " j{ftqfgqz{igpcvkqp"ecvcn{uvu<"kphnwgpeg"qh"vjg"j{ftqigp"uwnhkfg"rctvkcn"" rtguuwtg" " cpf"qh"vjg"uwnhkfcvkqp"vgorgtcvwtg0"Catalysis Today, 65*4/6+."479/" 4860"" " Iqejk."[0."Qtpgncu."E0."Rctciwc{."H0."Hwgpvgu."U0."Cnxctg¦c."N0."Tkeq."I0"cpf"" Iqog¦." T0." Nqrg¦." V0."Dgtvkp." X0."Uknxc." T0."Ucncu." R0" cpf" Uejkhvgt." K0"*4226+0" Ghhgev" qh" " Vkp" Rtgewtuqt" qp" vjg" Ecvcn{vke" Rtqrgtvkgu" qh" Rv/Up1Cn4Q5" Uqn/Ign" Rtgrctgf"" " Ecvcn{uvu0"Journal of sol-Gel sinece and technology0":<:69/:6;0" Itcw." L0" O0." Xgtc." E0" T0." cpf" Rctgtc." L0" O0" *4224+0" Rtgxgpvkpi" ugnh/rqkuqpkpi" kp" " ]Rv1Cn4Q5"-"UQ64//¥tQ4̲"okzgf"ecvcn{uvu"hqt"kuqogtk¦cvkqp/etcemkpi"qh"" " cnmcpgu"d{"rtgtgfwevkqp"qh"vjg"cekf"hwpevkqp0"Applied Catalysis A: " 4+."439/4520" jgcx{" General,227*3/ I¯gog¦." O0" D0" *3;;9+0" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qxgt" RfOq1J[" ¦gqnkvg" ecvcn{uvu0" Fuel, 76*3+."83/930" Iwkupgv."O0."cpf"Hqwejg."X0"*3;;3+0"Kuqogtk¦cvkqp"qh"p/jgzcpg"qp"rncvkpwo"" " fgcnwokpcvgf"" oqtfgpkvg" ecvcn{uvu" KKK0" Kphnwgpeg" qh" j{ftqectdqp" korwtkvkgu0" " Applied Catalysis,71*4+."529/5390" Iwt{gx."[w0X0."Kxcpqxc."K0K0."Nwpkp."X0X0.""It¯pgtv."Y0"cpf"xcp"fgp"Dgti."O0Y0G0""*4229+0" " Ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp"qh"ogvcn"ugitgicvkqp"kp"RvÎTg1Cn4Q5"tghqtokpi"" " Applied Catalysis A. 54;<38/430" " " 87 ecvcn{uvu0" Jco¦cqwk." C0" J0." Lcoqwuuk." D0." cpf" O)Pkh." C0" *422:+0" Nkvjkwo" tgeqxgt{" htqo" jkijn{" " eqpegpvtcvgf" uqnwvkqpu<" Tgurqpug" uwthceg" ogvjqfqnqi{" *TUO+" rtqeguu" " rctcogvgtu"qrvkok¦cvkqp0"Hydrometallurgy, 90*3+."3/90" Jcpugn."X0"*3;6;+0"US Patents,"WQR0"4.69;.3230" Jq." V0" E0" *4226+0" Fggr" JFU" qh" fkgugn" hwgn<" ejgokuvt{" cpf" ecvcn{uku0" Catalysis Today, 98*3/4+."5/3:0"" Jqw."Y0."Uw."J0."Jw."[0."cpf"Ejw."L0"*4228+0"Oqfgnkpi."Ukowncvkqp"cpf"Qrvkok¦cvkqp"" qh"" " c"Yjqng"Kpfwuvtkcn"Ecvcn{vke"Pcrjvjc"Tghqtokpi"Rtqeguu"qp"Curgp"Rnwu"" Rncvhqto0" " Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 14*7+."7:6/7;30" Jqwcnnc."O0."Dtqfgtkem.F0"J0."Ucrtg."C0"X0."Pci.P0"M0."L0"fg"Dggt."X0"J0."Icvgu."D0"E0" J0" *3;:2+0" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" cpf" " Myctv." ogvj{n/uwduvkvwvgf"" " fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu"ecvcn{¦gf"d{"uwnhkfgf"Eq/Oq1 /Cn4Q50"Journal of Catalysis083<" " 745/749" Juw." E0U0." Igpqykv¦." O0Y0." Fgejgtv." I0L0." " Cddqvv." F0L0" cpf" Dctdqwt." T0" *4222+0" " Oqngewnct"ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp"qh"fkgugn"hwgnu"d{"oqfgtp"cpcn{vkecn"vgejpkswgu."" E0"Uqpi."U0"Juw."K0"Oqejkfc"*Gfu0+."Chemistry of Diesel Fuels."Vc{nqt"cpf""Htcpeku." " kp<" Pgy" [qtm."" *Ejcrvgt"4+0" jvvr<11gp0ykmkrgfkc0qti1ykmk1Qknatghkpgt{" jvvr<11yyy0grc0iqx1qvcs1jkijyc{/fkgugn1kpfgz0jvo" Jwcpi."M0."Ejgp."H0/S0."cpf"N¯."F0/Y0"*4223+0"Ctvkhkekcn"pgwtcn"pgvyqtm/ckfgf"" " qh"c"ownvk/eqorqpgpv"ecvcn{uv"hqt"ogvjcpg"qzkfcvkxg"eqwrnkpi0"" fgukip" Applied Catalysis A: General, 219*3/4+."83/8:0" Kpcp." U0." cpf" Cnvcu." [0" *4233+0" *¥t/Op" Rtgrctcvkqp" qzkfg1RCP+" qh" eqorqukvg" ¦kteqpkwo/ocpicpgug" " qzkfg1rqn{cet{nqpkvtkng" urjgtgu" " kpxguvkicvkqp"qh"Ut*KK+"uqtrvkqp"d{"gzrgtkogpvcn"fgukip0"Chemical cpf" vjg" Engineering Journal, 168*5+."3485/34930" Ktcpujcjk."F0."Rqwtc¦cfk."G0."Rc{oqqpk."M0."cpf"Tcjkorqwt."O0"T0"*4233+0""Gpjcpegogpv" " qh"ctqocvke"rtqfwevkqp"kp"pcrjvjc"tghqtokpi"rtqeguu"d{"" ukownvcpgqwu" " qrgtcvkqp"qh"kuqvjgtocn"cpf"cfkcdcvke"tgcevqtu0"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36*5+."4298/42:7" Kujkjctc." V0." Skcp" ." C0" Y0" cpf" Iqfq." O0" *3;;:+" 0" Gnwekfcvkqp" qh" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" " ogejcpkuo" wukpi" " 4:7/4;30"" 57 U" tcfkqkuqvqrg" rwnug" vtcegt" ogvjqfu" 0Catalysis Today0" 67" " " 88 Kuqfc." V0." Oc." Z0." Pcicq." U0" cpf" Oqejkfc." K0" *3;;7+0" Tgcevkxkv{" qh" Tghtcevqt{" Uwnhwt" " Eqorqwpfu" kp" Fkgugn" Hwgn" *Rctv" 5+" Eqgzkuvkpi" Uwnhwt" Eqorqwpfu" cpf" D{/ " rtqfwegf" J4U" Icu" cu" Kpjkdkvqtu" kp" JFU" qh" 6.8" Fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg0" L0" " Japan Petrol. Inst0."5:<"470" Kuvcfk." cpf" Cokp." P0" C0" U0" *4227+0" C" j{dtkf" pwogtkecn" crrtqcej" hqt" ownvk/tgurqpugu" " qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh" rtqeguu" rctcogvgtu" cpf" ecvcn{uv" eqorqukvkqpu" kp" EQ4" QEO" " rtqeguu"qxgt"EcQ/OpQ1EgQ4"ecvcn{uv0"Chemical Engineering Journal, " 435/4490" 106*5+." L0."Dgvcpeqwtv."I0."Octtqsw p."I0."Egpvgpq."I0."Ecuvc‚gfc."N0"E0."Cnqpuq."H0."Ow‚q¦."" " C0."I„og¦."O0"V0"cpf"Uqpi."E0"*4225+0"Cp"qxgtxkgy"qh"pgy"crrtqcejgu"vq""fggr" " fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"hqt"wnvtc/engcp"icuqnkpg."fkgugn"hwgn"cpf"lgv"hwgn0"" L0" Catalysis Today.":8<"433/4850" Lceswkp." O0." Lqpgu." F0" L0." Tq¦kﬂtg." L0." N„rg¦." C0" L0." Tqft iwg¦/Ecuvgnn„p." G0." Vtglq" " Ogpc{q." L0" O0." gv" cn0" *4226+0" Egvcpg" kortqxgogpv" qh" fkgugn" ykvj" c" pqxgn" " dkogvcnnke"ecvcn{uv0"Journal of Catalysis, 228*4+."669/67;0"" Lqtfcq."O0J0."Ukoqu."X0"cpf"Ectfquq."F0"*4229+0"¥gqnkvg"uwrrqtvgf"Rv/Pk"ecvcn{uv"kp"" " p/ jgzcpg"kuqogtk¦cvkqp0"Applied catalysis A: General0"53;<"3/8" Mcdg" V0.Skcp." Y0" J0." Qicyc." U0" cpf" " Kujkjctc." C0" *3;;5+0" Ogejcpkuo" qh" " J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" qp" Eq/Oq1Cn4Q5" cpf" Eq1Cn4Q5" " Ecvcn{uv" d{" vjg" Wug" qh" Tcfkqkuqvqrg" 57U" Vtcegt0" Journal of Catalysis0" 365<" " 45;/46:0" Mcdg." V0." Kujkjctc." C0" cpf" ¥jcpi." S0" *3;;5+0" Fggr" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" nkijv" qkn0" Rctv" 4<" " j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg."6/ogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"cpf""6.8/ " fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg0"Appl. Catal. A.";9""N3/N;0" Mcnwžc."N0."Iwnmqxƒ."F0."̅qneqxƒ."Q0."™knmqxƒ."P0"cpf"6glmc."L0*"422:+0"" " ecvcn{uvu"uwrrqtvgf"qp"qticpk¦gf"oguqrqtqwu"cnwokpc<"" " fgrqukvkqp"cpf"rtqoqvkqpcn"ghhgevu"qh"Eq"cpf"Pk0"" J{ftqvtgcvkpi" Qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh" Oq" Applied Catalysis A: General0573<";5/3230" Mcnwžc."N0."¥ftcžkn."O0."™knmqxƒ."P0"cpf""6glmc."L0"*4224+0"Jkij"cevkxkv{"qh"jkijn{"" nqcfgf" " OqU4"j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"ecvcn{uvu"uwrrqtvgf"qp"qticpkugf""oguqrqtqwu" cnwokpc0" " Catalysis Communications0"5<"373/379" Mcpwpiq." F0" R0." Ctqtc." O0" M0." Uctmct." U0." cpf" Iwrvc." T0" R0" *4228+0" C" eqorctcvkxg" " uvwf{""qh"eqpxgpvkqpcn."CPP"dncem"dqz."hw¦¦{"cpf"eqodkpgf"pgwtcn"cpf"" " ygkijvkpi"rtqegfwtgu"hqt"ncpfunkfg"uwuegrvkdknkv{"¦qpcvkqp"kp"" Fctlggnkpi" " Jkocnc{cu0" Engineering Geology, 85*5/6+."569/5880" 89 hw¦¦{" Mjc{gv." O0." Eqlqectw." E0." cpf" Guucnjk." O0" *4233+0" Ctvkhkekcn" pgwtcn" pgvyqtm" oqfgnkpi" " cpf"tgurqpug"uwthceg"ogvjqfqnqi{"qh"fgucnkpcvkqp"d{"tgxgtug"quoquku0"" Journal of Membrane Science, 368*3/4+."424/4360" Mjc{gv." O0." ¥cjtko." C0" [0." cpf" Jkncn." P0" *4233+0" Oqfgnnkpi" cpf" qrvkok¦cvkqp" qh" " eqciwncvkqp" qh" jkijn{" eqpegpvtcvgf" kpfwuvtkcn" itcfg" ngcvjgt" f{g" d{" tgurqpug" " uwthceg"ogvjqfqnqi{0"Chemical Engineering Journal, 167*3+."99/:50" Mjqutcxcpkrqwt"Oquvchc¦cfgj."C0."cpf"Tcjkorqwt."O0"T0"*422;+0"C"ogodtcpg"" ecvcn{vke" " dgf"eqpegrv"hqt"pcrjvjc"tghqtokpi"kp"vjg"rtgugpeg"qh"ecvcn{uv"" " Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process " 8;60" fgcevkxcvkqp0" Intensification, 48*4+." 8:5/ Mkncpqyumk." F0T0" cpf" " Icvgu." D0E0" *3;:2+0" Mkpgvkeu" qh" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" " dgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"ecvcn{¦gf"d{"uwnhkfgf"Eq/Oq1Cn4Q50"Journal of Catalysis0"" 84<" " 92/9:" Mko." L0" J0." Oc." Z0." Uqpi." E0." Ngg." [0/M0." cpf" Q{coc." U0" V0" *4227+0" Mkpgvkeu" qh" Vyq" " Rcvjyc{u"hqt"6.8/Fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qxgt"" " EqOq"Uwnhkfg."cpf"Pkemgn"Rjqurjkfg"Ecvcn{uvu0"Energy & Fuels, PkOq." 19*4+."575/5860" Mnkoqx."Q0"X0."Rcujkitgxc."C0"X0."Hgfqvqx."O0"C0."Mqejwdg{."F0"K0."Ejgucnqx."cpf""[0" " Dwmjvk{ctqxc."I0"C0"*4232+0"Eq/Oq"ecvcn{uvu"hqt"wnvtc/fggr"JFU"qh"" fkgugn""hwgnu" " rtgrctgf"xkc"u{pvjguku"qh"dkogvcnnke"uwthceg"eqorqwpfu0"Journal of C0." Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 322*3/4+.":2/:;0"" Mpwfugp." M0" I0." Eqqrgt." D0" J0" cpf" Vqruqg." J0" *3;;;+0" Ecvcn{uv" cpf" Rtqeguu" " Vgejpqnqikgu"" " 4370"" hqt" Wnvtc" Nqy" Uwnhwt" Fkgugn0" Appl. Catal. A: Gen0" 3:;<" 427/ Mqpvqtqxkej."C0"G0"*422;+0"Guvkocvg"qh"inqdcn"qkn"tguqwteg"cpf"vjg"hqtgecuv"hqt"inqdcn"" " qkn" rtqfwevkqp"kp"vjg"43uv"egpvwt{0"Russian Geology and Geophysics0"72<"459/"4640" Mwpkucfc."P0."Ejqk."M0."Mqtck."[0."Oqejkfc."Oqejkfc."K0"cpf"Pcmcpq."M0"*4226+0"" Pqxgn" " ¦gqnkvg"dcugf"uwrrqtv"hqt"Pk/Oq"uwnhkfg"kp"fggr"JFU"qh"icu"qkn0"" Applied Catalysis A<"Igpgtcn."48;<"65/73" Mwpkucfc."P0."Ejqk."M0."Mqtck."[0."Oqejkfc."Oqejkfc."K0"cpf"Pcmcpq."M0"*4226+0"" Qrvkowo" " eqcvkpi"qh"WU["cu"c"uwrrqtv"eqorqpgpv"qh"PkOqU"qp"cnwokpc"hqt"" fggr" JFU" qh" " icu" qkn0" Applied Catalysis A: General0" 498<73/7;" Oc".Z0."Ucmcpkujk.M0"cpf"Oqejkfc."K0"*3;;6+"0"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"tgcevkxkvkgu"qh""xctkqwu" " uwnhwt"eqorqwpfu"kp"fkgugn"hwgn."Ind. Eng. Chem0"55<"43:Î4440"" " " 90 Mycm." E0." Ngg." L0" L0." Dcg." L0" U0." (" Oqqp." U0" J0" *4223+0" Rqkuqpkpi" ghhgev" qh" pkvtqigp" " eqorqwpfu" qp" vjg" " j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" " 6.8/fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg0"Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, " 7;/8:0"" qh" rgthqtocpeg" qh" EqOqU1Cn4Q5" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg." ecvcn{uv" kp" vjg" 6/ogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg." cpf" 35*3+." Ncpfcw." O0" X0" *3;;9+0" Fggr" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" qh" okffng" fkuvknncvgu" htqo" etwfg" cpf" ujcng" " qknu0"Catalysis Today, 36*6+."5;5/64;0"" Nctgpvku."C0"N0."fg"Tgugpfg."P0"U0."Ucnko."X0"O0"O0."cpf"Rkpvq."L0"E0"*4223+0"" " cpf"qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"vjg"eqodkpgf"ectdqp"fkqzkfg"tghqtokpi"cpf"" " qh"pcvwtcn"icu0"Applied Catalysis A: General, 215*3/4+."433/" 4460" Oqfgnkpi" rctvkcn" qzkfcvkqp" Ncyuqp."T0"E0."("Gxcpu."M0"Y0"*3;;3+0"Tqng"qh"Uvcvkuvkecnn{"Fgukipgf"Gzrgtkogpvu"" " kp" vjg" Fgxgnqrogpv" qh" Ghhkekgpv" Fqypuvtgco" Rtqeguugu" Enzymes in Biomass Conversion"*Xqn0"682."rr0"345/358+<"Cogtkecp"Ejgokecn"Uqekgv{0" Ngnkxgnf."T0"I0."("Gkludqwvu."U0"G0"*422:+0"Jqy"c"92/{gct/qnf"ecvcn{vke"tghkpgt{"" rtqeguu" " ku"uvknn"gxgt"fgrgpfgpv"qp"kppqxcvkqp0"Catalysis Today, 130*3+."3:5/" 3:;0"" " Ngnkxgnf."T0"I0."xcp"Fknngp."C0"L0."Igwu."L0"Y0."cpf"Mqpkpiudgtigt."F0"E0"*3;;9+0"Vjg" " Uwnhkfcvkqp"qh"]icooc̲/Cnwokpc"cpf"Vkvcpkc"Uwrrqtvgf"" " Qzkfg"Ecvcn{uvu"Oqpkvqtgf"d{"GZCHU0"Journal of *Eqdcnv+Oqn{dfgpwo" Catalysis, 171*3+."337/34;0"" Nkw." R0." [cq." [0." ¥jcpi." Z0." cpf" Ycpi." L0" *4233+0" Tctg" Gctvj" Ogvcnu" Kqp/gzejcpigf" " ]dgvc̲/¥gqnkvgu"cu"Uwrrqtvu"qh"Rncvkpwo"Ecvcn{uvu"hqt"J{ftqkuqogtk¦cvkqp"qh"" " Jgrvcpg0"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 19*4+."49:/4:60" p/ Oc." Z0." Ucmcpkujk." M0." Kuqfc." V0" cpf" " Oqejkfc0" K0" *3;;9+0" Fgvgtokpcvkqp" qh" uwnhwt" " eqorqwpfu"kp"pqp/rqnct"htcevkqp"qh"xcewwo"icu"qkn0"Fuel098<"54;/55;0" "Oc." Z0." Ucmcpkujk." M0." Kuqfc.V0" cpf" Oqejkfc." K0" *3;;7+0" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" " tgcevkxkvkgu"qh"" " 9760" pcttqy/ewv"htcevkqpu"kp"icu"qkn."Ind. Eng. Chem. Res0"56<"96:Î Oc." Z0." Ucmcpkujk." M0." Kuqfc.V0" cpf" Oqejkfc." K0" *3;;8+0" Eqorctkuqp" qh" Uwnhkfgf" " EqOq1Cn4Q5"cpf"PkOq1Cn4Q5"Ecvcn{uvu0"kp"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"Icu"Qkn""Htcevkqpu" " cpf"Oqfgn"Eqorqwpfu."kp"J{ftqvtgcvkpi"Vgejpqnqi{"hqt"Rqnnwvkqp"" Eqpvtqn0"Qeegnnk0" O0"N0"cpf"Ejkcpgnnk.T0"gfu0."New York: Marcel Dekker."r0"3:5"" Oc."Z0."Uwp.N0"cpf"Uqpi."E0"*4224+0"C"pgy"crrtqcej"vq"fggr"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"" icuqnkpg." " fkgugn"hwgn"cpf"lgv"hwgn"d{"ugngevkxg"cfuqtrvkqp"hqt"wnvtc/engcp"hwgnu"" cpf" hqt" hwgn" egnn" " crrnkecvkqpu."Catalysis Today0"99<"329/338" " " 91 Ocicnncpgu." L0" H0." Uokejqyumk." R0." (" Octtgtq." L0" *4223+0" Qrvkok¦cvkqp" cpf" Gorktkecn" " Oqfgnkpi" qh" JI/KER/CGU" Cpcn{vkecn" Vgejpkswg" vjtqwij" Ctvkhkekcn" Pgwtcn" " Pgvyqtmu0" Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 41*5+." " :46/:4;0" Ocrkqwt." O0." Uwpfctcowtvj{." X0." Fcnck." C0" M0." cpf" Cflc{g." L0" *4232+0" Ghhgevu" qh" vjg"" " qrgtcvkpi" xctkcdngu" qp" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" qh" jgcx{" icu" qkn<" Gzrgtkogpvcn." " oqfgnkpi."cpf"mkpgvke"uvwfkgu0"Fuel, 89*;+."4758/47650" Octchk." C0." Cn/Jgpfk." C0." Cn/Owvcyc." C0." (" Uvcpkuncwu." C0" *4229+0" Uvwfkgu" qp" " J{ftqvtgcvkpi"qh"Fkgugn"Uvtgcou"htqo"Fkhhgtgpv"Mwyckv"Etwfgu"hqt"Wnvtcnqy""Uwnhwt" " Fkgugn"Rtqfwevkqp0"Energy & Fuels, 21*8+."5623/56270"" Octchk." C0." Cn/Jkpfk." C0." (" Uvcpkuncwu." C0" *4229+0" Fggr" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" hwnn" tcpig" " cpf"" nqy" dqknkpi" fkgugn" uvtgcou" htqo" Mwyckv" Nqygt" Hctu" jgcx{" etwfg0" Fuel Processing Technology, 88*;+.";27/;330"" Octikvhcnxk." L0" N0." Dqtdƒvj." K0." Vhktuv." G0" cpf" Vqorqu." C0" *3;;:+0" Hqtocvkqp" qh" " ownvknc{gtgf" vkp" qticpqogvcnnke" uwthceg" urgekgu0" Rtgrctcvkqp" qh" pgy" v{rg" qh" " uwrrqtvgf"Up/Rv"ecvcn{uvu0"Ecvcn{uku"Vqfc{."65*3/4+."4;/6;0" Octikvhcnxk." L0." Dqtdƒvj." K0." Jgigf̲u." O0." IQd n u." U0." cpf" N„p{k." H0" *3;;;+0" Pgy" " crrtqcejgu" vq" rtgrctg" uwrrqtvgf" Up&Rv" dkogvcnnke" ecvcn{uvu0" Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 68*3+."355/3650" Octkpc" Giqtqxc" cpf" Tqgn" Rtkpu0" *4226+0" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg" " cpf"6.8/fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"qxgt"uwnhkfgf"PkOq1 /Cn4Q5."EqOq1 /" " cpf"Oq1 /Cn4Q5"ecvcn{uvu"Journal of Catalysis0"447<"639/6490" Cn4Q5." "Octtqsw p." I0." Cpejg{vc." L0." cpf" F c¦." L0" C0" K0" *4226+0" Qp" vjg" ghhgev" qh" tgcevkqp" " eqpfkvkqpu"qp"nkswkf"rjcug"uwnhkfkpi"qh"c"PkOq"JFU"ecvcn{uv0"Catalysis Today, 98*3/4+."97/:30"" OcttqswKp/Uƒpejg¦." I0." cpf" Cpejg{vc/Lwƒtg¦." L0" *4223+0" Ecvcn{vke" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" qh" " okffng" fkuvknncvgu" dngpfu" kp" c" hkzgf/dgf" rknqv" tgcevqt0" Applied Catalysis A: General,207*3/4+."629/6420"" Oc{q."U0."Dtgxqqtf."G0."Igttkvugp."N0"cpf"Rncpvgpic."H0"*4223+0"Rtqeguu"wnvtcnqy""uwnhwt" " fkgugn""Hydrocarbon Process.":2<":60" Oc¦¦kgtk." X0" C0." Itcw." L0" O0." Xgtc." E0" T0." [qtk." L0" E0." Rctgtc." L0O0" cpf" Rkgem." E0" N0" " *4227+0" Tqng" qh" Up" kp" RvÎTgÎUp1Cn4Q5ÎEn" Ecvcn{uvu" hqt" Pcrjvjc" Tghqtokpi" " Catalysis Today0329/32:<865"/8720" " " 92 Oc¦¦kgtk."X0"C0."Itcw."L0"O0."[qtk."L0"E0."Xgtc."E0"T0."cpf"Rkgem."E0"N0"*422;+0"" " Kphnwgpeg" qh"cffkvkxgu"qp"vjg"Rv"ogvcn"cevkxkv{"qh"pcrjvjc"tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uvu0""Applied Catalysis A: General, 354*3/4+."383/38:0" ^Oc¦¦kgtk."X0"C0."Rkgem."E0"N0."Xgtc."E0"T0."[qtk."L0"E0."cpf"Itcw."L0"O0"*422;+0"Ghhgev"" qh" " Ig"eqpvgpv"qp"vjg"ogvcn"cpf"cekf"rtqrgtvkgu"qh"Rv/Tg/Ig1Cn4Q5/En""ecvcn{uvu" hqt" " pcrjvjc"tghqtokpi0"Applied Catalysis A: General, 353*3+.";5/"3220" OePgkn." F0" *3;:4+0" Vjg" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" jgcx{" qknu" cpf" tgukfwc<" Lcogu" I0" Urgkijv" " Octegn" Fgmmgt." Pgy" [qtm" cpf" Dcugn." 435" rr0." UHt0" 3240220" Fuel, 61*5+." 52:/ " 52:0" Oqejkfc." K0" cpf" Ejqk." M0" *4228+0" Ewttgpv" Rtqitguu" kp" Ecvcn{uvu" cpf" Ecvcn{uku" hqt" " J{ftqvtgcvkpi" Rtcevkecn" Cfxcpegu" kp" Rgvtqngwo" Rtqeguukpi0" Ejcrvgt" ;<479/ " 4;80" Oqnlqtf."M0."Jgnngpgu."J0"I0."Jqhh."C0."Vcpgo."K0."Itcpfg."M0."cpf"Jqnogp."C0"" *3;;8+0" " Ghhgev" qh" Tgcevkqp" Rtguuwtg" qp" Qevcpg" Pwodgt" cpf" Tghqtocvg" cpf" " J{ftqigp"[kgnfu"kp"Ecvcn{vke"Tghqtokpi0"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35*3+.";;/3270" Oqpviqogt{." F0" E0." Dgtv" Mgcvu." L0." Rgtt{." N0" C0." Vjqoruqp." L0" T0" cpf" Oguukpc." Y0" U0" " *4222+0" Wukpi" uvcvkuvkecnn{" fgukipgf" gzrgtkogpvu" hqt" rtqeguu" fgxgnqrogpv" cpf" " kortqxgogpv<" cp" crrnkecvkqp" kp" gngevtqpkeu" ocpwhcevwtkpi0" Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing0"38<"77/850" Oq{ug."D0O0"*4222+0"Eqwpvfqyp"vq"¦gtq."52"rro"U"ku"vjg"pgzv"uvgr."kp<"Rtqeggfkpiu"" " qh" vjg"EcvEqp422."Jqwuvqp."VZ."Lwpg"34Î350" Pci."P0M0."Ucrtg.C0X0."Dtqfgtkem."F0J0"cpf"Icvgu.D0E0"*3;9;+0"" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" " qh"rqn{e{enke"ctqocvkeu"ecvcn{¦gf"d{"uwnhkfgf"" EqQ/" OqQ51 /Cn4Q5<" Vjg" tgncvkxg" " tgcevkxkvkgu0"Jour. Catal0"79<"72;/7340" Pcxc."J0."Gurkpq."L0."Dgtjcwnv."I0"cpf"Cnqpuq/Pw‚g¦."I0"*4228"+.Ghhgev"qh"" rjqurjqtwu" " cffkvkqp"qp"wpuwrrqtvgf"PkÎOqÎY"uwnhkfg"ecvcn{uvu"rtgrctgf"" " cevkxcvkqp"qh"pkemgn1vgvtcogvj{ncooqpkwo"" d{"vjg"kp"ukvw" vjkqoqn{dfqvwpiuvcvg0"Applied Catalysis A: General0"524<"399/3:6" Pcxcttq." T0O0." Ecuvc‚q.R0." ènxctg¦/Icnxƒp." O0E0" cpf" Rcygnge." D0" *422;+0" " J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"cpf"c"UTIQ"qp"uwnhkfg"" Pk*Eq+Oq1Cn4Q5" " ecvcn{uvu0"Ghhgev"qh"Tw"cpf"Rf"rtqoqvkqp0"Catalysis " " " 93 Today0365<32:/336" Pc¦ijgnkejk."V0."Cijdcujnq."O0."cpf"Mkcpogjt."O0"J0"*4233+0"Qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"cp"" ctvkhkekcn" " pgwtcn"pgvyqtm"vqrqnqi{"wukpi"eqwrngf"tgurqpug"uwthceg"" ogvjqfqnqi{" " cpf"igpgvke"cniqtkvjo"hqt"hnwkfk¦gf"dgf"ft{kpi0"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 75*3+.":6/;30" Pkemnuqp." C0" *4228+0" Tghkpkpi" fgxgnqrogpvu" cpf" ctqocvkeu" rtqurgevu0" Rgvtqngwo" " Vgejpqnqi{"Swctvgtn{0"RVS"S5<"9;/:5" Pkemnuqp." C0" *4228+0" Tghkpkpi" fgxgnqrogpvu" cpf" ctqocvkeu" rtqurgevu0" Petroleum Technology Quarterly."RVS"S5<"9;/:5" Qmcoqvq."[0."Mcvq."C0."Wuocp."Tkpcnfk."P0."Hwlkmcyc."cpf"V0."Mqujkmc."J0"*422;+0""Ghhgev" qh" " uwnhkfcvkqp"vgorgtcvwtg"qp"vjg"kpvtkpuke"cevkxkv{"qh"Eq/OqU4"cpf"" Eq/YU4" " j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"ecvcn{uvu0"Journal of Catalysis, 265*4+."438/" 44:0"" Ocecwf." O0." Okngpmqxke." C0." Uejwn¦." G0." Ngocktg." O0." (" Xtkpcv." O0" *4222+0" " J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" Cnm{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpgu<" Gxkfgpeg" qh" Jkijn{" " Wptgcevkxg"Ctqocvke"Uwnhwt"Eqorqwpfu0"Journal of Catalysis, 193*4+."477/"4850" "Vqru¼g." J0" *4229+0" Vjg" tqng" qh" Eq/Oq/U" v{rg" uvtwevwtgu" kp" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" ecvcn{uvu0" " Applied Catalysis A: General, 322."5/:0"" Qmcoqvq.[0." Dtg{uug." O0." Fjct." I0O0" cpf" E0" Uqpi." *4225+0" Ghhgev" qh" uwrrqtv" kp" " j{ftqvtgcvkpi"ecvcn{uku"hqt"wnvtc"engcp"hwgnu0"Catalysis Today=":8<""3/50" Qniwkp/Qtq¦eq."G0."Xtkpcv."O0."Egfgpq."N0."Tcoktg¦."L0."Dqtqswg."O0."cpf"Nqrg¦."C0"" C0" " *3;;9+0"Vjg"Wug"qh"VkQ4/Cn4Q5"Dkpct{"Qzkfgu"cu"Uwrrqtvu"hqt"Oq/Dcugf"" Ecvcn{uvu" " kp"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"Vjkqrjgpg"cpf"Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg0"Appl. Catal. " 387<"3/350" A:Gen0" Qnkxcu." C0." Icnxƒp." F0J0." Cnqpuq." I0" cpf" Hwgpvgu." U0" *422;+0Vtkogvcnnke" PkOqY" " wpuwrrqtvgf"ecvcn{uvu"hqt"JFU0"Applied Catalysis A: General0"574<32/38" Qnugp."F0"M0"cpf"Tco¦gn."G0"D0"*3;;4+0"Jgcx{"qkn"tghkpkpi"cpf"vtcpurqtvcvkqp<"ghhgev"" " qp" vjg"hgcukdknkv{"qh"kpetgcukpi"fqoguvke"jgcx{"qkn"rtqfwevkqp0"Hwgn0"93<"35;3/" 36230"" Qpq."[0"*4225+0"C"Uwtxg{"qh"vjg"Ogejcpkuo"kp"Ecvcn{vke"Kuqogtk¦cvkqp"qh"" cnmcpgu0 " Catalysis Today0":3<5/380" Qvjocp." O0" T0." Owuvchc." P0" P0" P0." (" Cjocf." C0" N0" *4228+0" Ghhgev" qh" vjgtocn" " vtgcvogpv" qp" vjg" oketquvtwevwtg" qh" uqn/ign" fgtkxgf" rqtqwu" cnwokpc" oqfkhkgf" " rncvkpwo0"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 91*3/5+."48:/4970"" Rcucfcmku." P0." Icicpku." X0." cpf" Hqvgkpqrqwnqu." E0" *4228+0" Qevcpg" pwodgt" rtgfkevkqp" " hqt"icuqnkpg"dngpfu0"Fuel Processing Technology, 87*8+."727/72;0" " " 94 Rcygnge."D0."Pcxcttq."T0."Hkgttq."L0"I0."Ecodtc."L0."¥wic¦cic."H0."Jq."V0"E0."cpf""Skcq." N0" " *4232+0"Eqorgvkvkxg"cfuqtrvkqp"qh"pkvtqigp"urgekgu"kp"JFU<"Mkpgvke""ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp" " qh"j{ftqigpcvkqp"cpf"j{ftqigpqn{uku"ukvgu0"Journal of Catalysis, 269*4+."4;3/5230"" Rgppgt."U0"U0."Dgpuqp."U0"Y0."Ecor."H0"Y0."Enctf{."L0."Fgwvej."L0."Mgnng{."C0"G0."" Ngyku." " C0"G0.""" Oc{gt."H0"Z0."Qdncf."C0"I0."Ukgi."T0"R0."Umkppgt."Y0"E0"cpf"Yjkvgjwtuv."" " F0"F0"*3;:4+0"Cuuguuogpv"qh"tgugctej"pggfu"hqt"qkn"tgeqxgt{""htqo"jgcx{/qkn"uqwtegu" " cpf"" vct"ucpfu0"Gpgti{0"9<"789/8240" Rkgem."E0"N0."Xgtc."E0"T0."Rctgtc."L0"O0."Ikoﬁpg¦."I0"P0."Ugttc."N0"T0"cpf"Ectxcnjq."N0"U0" " *4227+0"Ogvcn"fkurgtukqp"cpf"ecvcn{vke"cevkxkv{"qh"vtkogvcnnke"Rv/Tg/" " pcrjvjc"tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uvu0"Catalysis Today, 107-108."859/8640" Up1Cn4Q5" Rncpvgpic." H0N0." Eghqtvckp." T0." Gkludqwvu." U0." xcp" Jqwvgtv." H0." Uqngf." U0N0." Okugq." U0." " Mt{ecm."T0."Cpfgtuqp."I0"cpf"Hwlkvc."M0"*4224+0"PGDWNC<"c"" j{ftqrtqeguukpi" " ecvcn{uvu"ykvj"dtgcmvjtqwij"cevkxkv{."Stud. Surf. SC.I.. Catal0""367<"629Î6320"" Rqrg." V0F0." Mtk¦." L0" H0." Uvcpekwnguew." O0" cpf" Oqppkgt." L0" *4224+0" C" uvwf{" qh" ecvcn{uv" " hqtowncvkqpu" hqt" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" qh" E9" j{ftqectdqpu0" Applied Catalysis A.233: 45-62." Rqwnqrqwnqu."U0."cpf"Rjknkrrqrqwnqu."E0"*4222+0"Kphnwgpeg"qh"OVDG"cffkvkqp"kpvq"" icuqnkpg" " qp"cwvqoqvkxg"gzjcwuv"gokuukqpu0"Atmospheric Environment, 34*4:+."" " 69:80" 69:3/ Rtkpu."T0"*4223+0"Ecvcn{vke"J{ftqfgpkvtqigpcvkqp0"Advances in Catalysis0"68<"5;;/"6860" Swgtkpk." E0" C0." H iqnk." P0" U0" cpf" Rctgtc." L0" O0" *3;:;+0J{ftqectdqpu" tghqtokpi" qp" Rv/ " Tg"U1Cn4Q5/En"eqmgf"kp"c"Eqoogtekcn"Tgcevqt0"Applied Catalysis.74<"46;/" 4840" Tcfquncx"F0"O0."Tcfoknc"R0."Octkpmqxk5."P0."¥qnvƒp."U0."Kuvxƒp."P0."Lgngpc."U0"M0."" Tcoõtg¦." " L0."Oceõcu."I0."Egfgpq"N0."Iwvkg"ttg¦/Cnglcpftg."C0."Ewgxcuc."T0"" cpf""Ecuvknnq."R0" " *4226+0"Vjg"tqng"qh"vkvcpkc"kp"uwrrqtvgf"Oq."Eq/Oq."PkOq."" " j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"ecvcn{uvu<"cpcn{uku"qh"rcuv"cpf"pgy"gxkfgpegu0""Catal. cpf" PkY" Today0;:<"3;/520"" Tcjkorqwt." O0" T0." Ktcpujcjk." F0." cpf" Dcjocprqwt." C0" O0" *4232+0" F{pcoke" " qrvkok¦cvkqp"" qh" c" ownvk/uvcig" urjgtkecn." tcfkcn" hnqy" tgcevqt" hqt" vjg" pcrjvjc" " tghqtokpi" rtqeguu" kp" vjg" rtgugpeg" qh" ecvcn{uv" fgcevkxcvkqp" wukpi" fkhhgtgpvkcn" " gxqnwvkqp"*FG+"ogvjqf0"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35*36+.""96;:/ " 97330" Tco tg¦." U0." Ecdtgtc." E0." Ciwknct." E0." Xcec." J0." Xgic." R0." Ciwgfc." T0." gv" cn0" *4226+0" " Vyq"uvcigu"nkijv"icuqkn"j{ftqvtgcvkpi"hqt"nqy"uwnhwt"fkgugn"rtqfwevkqp0"" Today, 98*3/4+."545/5540" 95 Catalysis Tcpc." O0" U0." Cpejg{vc." L0." Tc{q." R0." (" Ockv{." U0" M0" *4226+0" Ghhgev" qh" cnwokpc" " rtgrctcvkqp" qp" j{ftqfgogvcnnk¦cvkqp" cpf" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" Oc{c" etwfg0" " Catalysis Today, 98*3/4+."373/3820"" Tcpign."O0E0."Ectxcnjq."N0U0.""Tg{gu."R0."Rctgtc."L0O0"cpf"H iqnk."P0U0"*4222+0"" p/ " qevcpg"Tghqtokpi"qxgt"Cnwokpc uwrrqtvgf"Rv."RvÎUp"cpf"RvÎY"" " Catalysis Letters."86<393/39:0" ecvcn{uvu0" Tc{q." R0" *4224+0" J{ftqrtqeguukpi" qh" Oc{c" jgcx{" etwfg" qkn" kp" vyq" tgcevkqp" uvcigu0" " Crrnkgf"Ecvcn{uku"C<"Igpgtcn0"455<37;/3920" Tgff{." M0" O0." Ygk." D0." cpf" Uqpi." E0" *3;;:+0" Oguqrqtqwu" Oqngewnct" Ukgxg" OEO/63" " Uwrrqtvgf"Eq/Oq"Ecvcn{uv"hqt"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"Rgvtqngwo"Tgukfu0"" Catalysis Today0""65<"483/494" Tqocpqy/IctE0K0c."U0"*4222+0"Engcpgt"hwgn/kvÓu"lwuv"pqv"vjcv"ukorng."J{ftqectdqp""Rtqeguu0" " 9;<"39" Tquukpk."U0"*4225+0"Vjg"korcev"qh"ecvcn{vke"ocvgtkcnu"qp"hwgn"tghqtowncvkqp0" Ecvcn{uku" " Vqfc{0"99<"689/6:60" T{cp." L0" H0" *3;;:+0" Vjg" qkn" egpvwt{0" CEU" Rwdnkecvkqpu=" Today’s Chemist at Work 09<" " :60UCG."Fkgugn"Hwgnu."Uqekgv{"qh"Cwvqoqvkxg"Gpikpggtu."Ycttgpfcng."RC."Hgdtwct{" " 3;;4" Ucvvgthkgnf." E0" P0." Oqfgnn." O0." cpf" Yknmgpu." L0" C0" *3;:2+0" Ukownvcpgqwu" Ecvcn{vke" J{ftqfgpkvtqigpcvkqp"qh"R{tkfkpg"cpf"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"Vjkqrjgpg0"" Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 19*3+.""376/3820"" Ujkhngvv." Y0M0" cpf" Mtgp¦mg." N0F0" *4224+0" Eqpukfgt" kortqxgf" ecvcn{uv" vgejpqnqikgu" vq" " tgoqxg"uwnhwt."Hydrocarbon Process0":3<"630" Ujkhngvv."Y0M0C0"WugtÓu"iwkfg"vq"vjg"ejgokuvt{."mkpgvkeu"cpf"dcuke"tgcevqt"gpikpggtkpi"" " j{ftqrtqeguukpi."Rtqeggfkpiu"qh"vjg"Hkhvj"Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Eqphgtgpeg"qp"" Processing."CKEjG"4224"Urtkpi"Pcvkqpcn"Oggvkpi."Pgy"Qtngcpu."" Octej" " qh" Refinery 33Î36." 4224."rr0"323Î3440" Ujkj." K0" N0." cpf" Ujgp." O0" J0" *4228+0" Crrnkecvkqp" qh" tgurqpug" uwthceg" ogvjqfqnqi{" vq" " qrvkok¦g"rtqfwevkqp"qh"rqn{/]xct"gruknqp̲/n{ukpg"d{"Uvtgrvqo{egu"cndwnwu"" KHQ" " 363690"Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39*3+."37/430" Ukg." U0" V0." cpf" Dncwyjqhh." R0" O0" O0" *3;;3+0" Ncdqtcvqt{" gswkrogpv" cpf" rtqegfwtgu" " hqt" gxcnwcvkqp" qh" ecvcn{uvu" kp" ecvcn{vke" tghqtokpi0" Catalysis Today, 11*3+." 325/ " 3370" " " 96 Uoktpkqvku." R0" I0" cpf" Twemgpuvgkp." G0" *3;;5+0Eqorctkuqp" dgvyggp" ¥gqnkvg" " cpf" / " Cn4Q5" Uwrrqtvgf" Rv" hqt" Tghqtokpi" Tgcevkqpu0 Journal of Catalysis0362<" 748/ " 7640" Uqngf."U0"N0."Okugq."U0."Mtkmcm."T0."Xtqocp."Jq."J0."V0"J0"cpf"Tkng{."M0"N0"*4223+0""Wpkvgf" " Uvcvgu"Rcvgpv"8.4;;.9820" Uqpi."E0"*4222+0"Kpvtqfwevkqp"vq"ejgokuvt{"qh"fkgugn"hwgn."kp<"E0"Uqpi."U0"Juw."K0"" Oqejkfc" " *Gfu0+."Ejgokuvt{"qh"Fkgugn"Hwgnu."Vc{nqt"cpf"Htcpeku."Pgy"[qtm."" *Ejcrvgt"3+"" Uqpi." E0" cpf" Mg{pqvg0" *4224+0" pgy" crrtqcejgu" vq" fggr" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" hqt" wnvtc/engcp" " icuqnkpg" cpf" fkgugn" hwgnu<" cp" qxgtxkgy." Co0" Ejgo0" Uqe0." Fkx0" Fuel Chem0" 69<" " 65:" Uqpi." E0" cpf" Oc." Z0" " *4225+0" Pgy" fgukip" crrtqcejgu" vq" wnvtc/engcp" fkgugn" hwgnu" d{" " fggr"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"cpf"fggr"fgctqocvk¦cvkqp0"Appl.Catal. B: Envirom0"" 63<" 429/ " 45:" Uqpi."E0"cpf"Oc."Z0"*4229+0""Wnvtc/engcp"fkgugn"hwgnu"d{"fggr"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"cpf""fggr" " fgctqocvk¦cvkqp"qh"okffng"fkuvknncvgu0"Practical Advances in " Urtkpigt"Pgy"[qtm0"33<"539/5940" Petroleum Processing." Uqpi."E0"cpf"Tgff{."M0"O0"*3;;;+0"Oguqrqtqwu"Oqngewnct"Ukgxg"OEO/63""Uwrrqtvgf" Eq/ " Oq"Ecvcn{uv"hqt"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"Fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"kp""Fkuvknncvg" Hwgnu0" Appl. Catal. A: Gen0398<"3/320"" Uqpi0" E0." Tgff{." M0O0." Ngvc." J0." [cocfc." O0" cpf" Mqk¦wok." P0" *4222+0" Oguqrqtqwu" " cnwokpquknkecvg" oqngewnct" ukgxg" OEO/63" cu" uwrrqtv" qh" Eq/O2" ecvcn{uvu" hqt" " fggr"" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"fkgugn"hwgnu."kp"Uqpi."E0."Juw."U0"cpf""Oqejkfc." " Gfu0"Chemistry of Diesel Fuels."Pgy"[qtm.0"Ejcrvgt"9."r0"35;0" K0" Urgkijv." L0" I0" *4233c+0" J{ftqectdqpu" htqo" Rgvtqngwo" Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes"*rr0":7/348+0"Dquvqp<"Iwnh"Rtqhguukqpcn"Rwdnkujkpi0" Urgkijv." L0" I0" *4233d+0" Hggfuvqemu" The Refinery of the Future" *rr0" 3/59+0" Dquvqp<" " Yknnkco"Cpftgy"Rwdnkujkpi0" Urgkijv." L0" I0" *4233e+0" Tghkpgt{" qh" vjg" Hwvwtg0" Vjg" Tghkpgt{" qh" vjg" Hwvwtg0" Dquvqp<" " Yknnkco" " Cpftgy" Rwdnkujkpi0" Vcjocuugdk." J0" Etwfg" qkn" cpf" rtqfwev" xcnwg" " fkhhgtgpvkcnu<"Jkuvqtkecn"rgturgevkxg"cpf"qwvnqqm0"Gpgti{0"33<"565/57;0" Urgkijv."L0I0"*3;;;+0"The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum0"5tf"Gfkvkqp0"" Octegn" " Fgmmgt"Kpe0."Pgy"[qtm" Urgkijv." L0I0" *4222+0" Vjg" fguwnhwn¦hnvkqp" qh" jgcx{" qknu" cpf" tgukfwc." Ugeqpf" Gfkvkqp." " Tgxkugf"cpf"Gzrcpfgf."octegn"fgmmgt."kpe0"Pgy"{qtm"dcugn" " Urkxg{" cpf" Tqdgtvu0" *4226+0 A 97 Specialist Prediction Report. Catalysis. Urtkpigt"Pgy"[qtm."Dqqm0"*4228+0"Rtcevkecn"Cfxcpegu"kp"Rgvtqngwo"Rtqeguukpi0"" Utkpkxcucp."T0."Tkeg."N0"C0."cpf"Fcxku."D0"J0"*3;;3+0"Gngevtqp""oketqfkhhtcevkqp" uvwf{" qh" Rv/" " Up/cnwokpc"tghqtokpi"ecvcn{uvu0"Journal of Catalysis, 129*3+."479/48:0" Uvcpkuncwu." C0." Octchk." C0." cpf" Tcpc." O0" U0" *4232+0" Tgegpv" cfxcpegu" kp" vjg" uekgpeg" " cpf"vgejpqnqi{"qh"wnvtc"nqy"uwnhwt"fkgugn"*WNUF+"rtqfwevkqp0"Catalysis Today, 153*3/4+."3/8:0"" Uvkmmgtu." F0G0" *4224+0" Qevcpg" cpf" vjg" Gpxktqpogpv0" The Science of the Total Environment0"4;;<"59/780" Uyckp." G0" L0" *3;;3+0" WU" etwfg" uncvg" igvu" jgcxkgt." jkijgt" kp" uwnhwt." Oil Gas Journal0" " :;<"7;"" Uyckp." G0" L0" *3;;:+0" WU" tghkpkpi" etwfg" uncvgu" eqpvkpwg" vqyctfu" jgcxkgt" hggfu." jkijgt" " uwnhwt"eqpvgpvu."Oil Gas Journal.";8<"65"" Uyckp." G0." L0" *4224+0" Etwfgu" rtqeguugf" kp" vjg" WU" tghkpgtkgu" eqpvkpwg" vq" fgenkpg" kp" " swcnkv{."Qkn"Icu"Lqwtpcn0"322<"62" Vqorqu." C0." Octikvhcnxk." L0" N0." Vhktuv." G0." cpf" Xﬁixƒtk." N0" *4225+0" Kphqtocvkqp" okpkpi" " wukpi" ctvkhkekcn" pgwtcn" pgvyqtmu" cpf" $jqnqitcrjke" tgugctej" uvtcvgi{$0" Applied Catalysis A: General, 254*3+."383/38:0" Vqruqg." J0." Encwugp." D0" U0" cpf" Ocuuqvj." H0" G0" *3;;8+." J{ftqvtgcvkpi" Ecvcn{uku0" " UE0K0gpeg"cpf"Vgejpqnqi{0"Springer-Verlag."Dgtnkp."532"rr0" Vqru¼g."J0."Jkppgocpp."D0."P¼tumqx."L0"M0."Ncwtkvugp."L0"X0."Dgugpdcejgt."H0."" " R0"N0."gv"cn0"*4227+0"Vjg"tqng"qh"tgcevkqp"rcvjyc{u"cpf"uwrrqtv"" " vjg"" Jcpugp." kpvgtcevkqpu" kp" fgxgnqrogpv"qh"jkij"cevkxkv{"j{ftqvtgcvkpi"ecvcn{uvu0"" Catalysis Today, 107- 108."" 34/440"" Vtkpj." V0" M0." cpf" Mcpi." N0" U0" *4233+0" Tgurqpug" uwthceg" ogvjqfqnqikecn" crrtqcej" vq" " qrvkok¦g" vjg" eqciwncvkqp/hnqeewncvkqp" rtqeguu" kp" ftkpmkpi" ycvgt" vtgcvogpv0" " Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 89*9+."3348/33570" Vwtcic."W0V0"cpf""Uqpi."E0"*4223+0"Fggr"J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"Fkgugn"cpf"Lgv"" Hwgnu" " Wukpi"oguqrqtqwu"Oqngewnct"Ukgxg/Uwrrqtvgf"Eq/Oq1OEO/630"" Ecvcn{uvu" Am. Chem. Soc."Fkx0"Rgvtqn"Ejgo0"Rtgrtkpvu0"68<497Î49;0"" WU" Gpxktqpogpvcn" Rtqvgevkqp" Cigpe{." GRC0" *4225+0" TgfwE0K0pi" Pqp/tqcf" Fkgugn" " Gokuukqpu0"http://www.epa.gov/ "Xcp" Rctklu." K0C0" cpf" Htqogpv." I0H0" *3;:8+0" Mkpgvke" oqfgnnkpi" qh" ecvcn{vke" tgcevkqpu" " ykvj" c" xct{kpi" eqpegpvtcvkqp" qh" cevkxg" ukvgu0" Cp" cpcn{uku" qh" vjg" tgoqvg" eqpvtqn" " oqfgn"" " hqt"JFU/ecvcn{uvu0"Applied Catalysis.43<"495/4:70" 98 Yciwgurcem." M0I0" cpf" Jgcng{." L0H0" *3;;:+0" Ocpcig" etwfg" qkn" swcnkv{" hqt" tghkpkpi" " rtqhkvcdknkv{0"Hydrocarbon Processing0"99"<"355" Ycpi." J0" cpf" Rtkpu." T0" *422;+0J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg." 6.8/ " fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg."cpf"vjgkt"j{ftqigpcvgf"kpvgtogfkcvgu"qxgt"Pk"" OqU41 / " Cn4Q50Journal of Catalysis0"486."53/65" Ygkhgpi." J0" Q0" W0." Jqpi{g." U0" W0." Ujgpilkpi." O0" W0." cpf" Lkcp." E0" J0" W0" *4229+0" " Ownvkqdlgevkxg"Qrvkok¦cvkqp"qh"vjg"Kpfwuvtkcn"Pcrjvjc"Ecvcn{vke"Tghqtokpi"" Rtqeguu0" " Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 15*3+."97/:20" Yjkvgjwtuv." F0" F0." Hctci." J0." Pcicocvuw." V0." Ucmcpkujk." M0." (" Oqejkfc." K0" *3;;:+0" " Cuuguuogpv"qh"nkokvcvkqpu"cpf"rqvgpvkcnu"hqt"kortqxgogpv"kp"fggr"" fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" " vjtqwij"fgvckngf"mkpgvke"cpcn{uku"qh"ogejcpkuvke"rcvjyc{u0"" Catalysis Today, 45*3/ " 6+."4;;/5270"" Yjkvgjwtuv." F0F0." Kuqfc.V0" cpf" Oqejkfc." K0" *3;;:+" 0" Rtgugpv" uvcvg" qh" vjg" ctv" cpf" hwvwtg" " ejcnngpigu"kp"vjg"j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"rqn{ctqocvke"uwnhwt"eqorqwpfu."" Adv. Catal0"64<"5670" Ykygn."R0."Mpwfugp."M0."¥gwvjgp."R0."("Yjkvgjwtuv."F0"*4222+0"Cuuguukpi"" Eqorqukvkqpcn" " Ejcpigu"qh"Pkvtqigp"Eqorqwpfu"fwtkpi"J{ftqvtgcvkpi"qh"" " Icu"Qknu"Wukpi"c"Pqxgn"Rtgeqpegpvtcvkqp"Vgejpkswg"" Eqwrngf" V{rkecn" Fkgugn" Tcpig" " Ejtqocvqitcrj{"cpf"Cvqoke"Gokuukqp"Fgvgevkqp0"" Industrial ykvj" & Icu" Engineering Chemistry Research, 39*4+."755/7620"" Yqqvuej."C0,"Rcƒn."¥0."I{þqthh{."P0."Gnnq."U0."Dqijkcp."K0."Ngxgtf."L0"cpf"Rktcwnv/Tq{."" " *4228+0"Ejctcevgtk¦cvkqp"cpf"ecvcn{vke"uvwf{"qh"RvÎIg1Cn4Q5"ecvcn{uvu"" " d{"qticpqogvcnnke"itchvkpi0"Journal of Catalysis0"45:"<"89Î9:0" N0" rtgrctgf" Yw." F0." ¥jqw." L0" cpf" Nk0" " *422;+0" Ghhgev" qh" vjg" uwnhkfcvkqp" rtqeguu" qp" vjg" ogejcpkecn" " rtqrgtvkgu" qh" c" EqOqR1Cn4Q5" j{ftqvtgcvkpi" ecvcn{uv0" Chemical Engineering SC.I.ence."86<"3;:/428" Yw." J0/e0." Ngw." N0/l0." Pceecejg." E0." cpf" Ejcq." M0/l0" *3;;9+0" Eqorctcvkxg" uvwf{" qh" p/ " dwvcpg" vtcpuhqtocvkqp" qxgt" Rv1uwnhcvgf" ¦kteqpkc" cpf" Rv1¦gqnkvgu0" Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 127*3/5+."365/3730" Ywthgn."J0"*3;:4+0"Vjg"fguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"jgcx{"qknu"cpf"tgukfwc<"d{"Lcogu"I0"" Urgkijv." " Octegn"Fgmmgt."Kpe0."KUDP"2/:469/3728/50"Fuel Processing Technology, 6*3+." :5/ " :50"" " " " 99 [cpi."J0."Ejgp."L0."Dtkmgt."[0."U¦{pmcte¦wm."T0."("Tkpi."¥0"*4227+0"Ghhgev"qh"" pkvtqigp" " tgoqxcn"htqo"nkijv"e{eng"qkn"qp"vjg"j{ftqfguwnrjwtk¦cvkqp"qh"" fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg.6/ " ogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"cpf"6.8/"fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg0"" Catalysis Today, 109*3/6+."38/450"" [cpi." [0/E0." cpf" Ygpi." J0/U0" *4232+0" Cn/rtqoqvgf" Rv1UQ64/1¥tQ4" ykvj" nqy" uwnhcvg" " eqpvgpv" hqt" p/jgrvcpg" kuqogtk¦cvkqp0" Applied Catalysis A: General, 384*3/4+." " ;6/3220" [kp." E0" cpf" Nkw." j0" *4226+0" J{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp" qh" etcemgf" pcrjvjc" qxgt" ¦gqnkvg/ " uwrrqtvgf"Pk/Oq/U"ecvcn{uvu0"Applied Catalysis A: General0"495<"399/3:60""" [qujkqmc." E0" O0P0." Ictgvvq." V0" cpf" Ectfquq." F0" *4227+0" p/Jgzcpg" kuqogtk¦cvkqp" qp" " Pk/Rv" ecvcn{uvu1uwrrqtvgf" qp" JWU[" ¦gqnkvg<" Vjg" kphnwgpeg" htqo" c" ogvcn" " eqpvgpv0CatalysisToday.329/32:<8;5/8;:0" [qquwm." D0." Uqpi." E0." Mko." L0" J0." Picoejctwuutkxkejck." E0." cpf" Rtcucuuctcmkej." R0" " *4232+0" Ghhgevu" qh" rtgrctcvkqp" eqpfkvkqpu" kp" j{ftqvjgtocn" u{pvjguku" qh" jkijn{" " cevkxg"wpuwrrqtvgf"PkOq"uwnhkfg"ecvcn{uvu"hqt"ukownvcpgqwu"" j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh" " fkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg"cpf"6.8/fkogvj{nfkdgp¦qvjkqrjgpg0"" "Catalysis Today, 149*3/4+."74/830" [quugh."U0"cpf"Ugicyc"M0"*4225+0"Vcknqtkpi"qh"cnwokpc"uwthcegu"cu"uwrrqtvu"hqt"" PkOq" " uwnhkfg"ecvcn{uvu"kp"vjg"wnvtc"fggr"j{ftqfguwnhwtk¦cvkqp"qh"icu"qkn<"ecug"" " VkQ4/eqcvgf"cnwokpc"rtgrctgf"d{"ejgokecn"xcrqt"fgrqukvkqp""vgejpkswg. uvwf{""qh" Catal. Today0":8<"83/940" ¥cjgfk." I0." Oqjcoocf¦cfgj." U0." cpf" Oqtcfk." I0" *422:+0" Gpjcpekpi" Icuqnkpg" " Rtqfwevkqp"kp"cp"Kpfwuvtkcn"Ecvcn{vke/Tghqtokpi"Wpkv"Wukpi"Ctvkhkekcn"" Pgwtcn" " Pgvyqtmu0"Energy & Fuels, 22*6+."4893/48990" ¥cmwodcgxc."I0F0."Xcp."V0"X0."n{cujgpmq."C0K0."cpf"Gik¦dcgxc."T0K0"*4223+0"" Ecvcn{vke" " cffkvkxgu0" tghqtokpi"p/qevcpg"qp"RvÎTg1Cn4Q5"ecvcn{uvu"rtqoqvgf"d{"" fkhhgtgpv" " Catalaysis Today."87<3;3/3;60" " ¥gwvjgp." R0." Mpwfugp." M0" I0." (" Yjkvgjwtuv." F0" F0" *4223+0" Qticpke" pkvtqigp" " eqorqwpfu"kp"icu"qkn"dngpfu."vjgkt"j{ftqvtgcvgf"rtqfwevu"cpf"vjg"korqtvcpeg"" " j{ftqvtgcvogpv0"Catalysis Today, 65*4/6+."529/5360"" vq" ¥jcpi." ¥0." Rgpi." L0." Utkpkxcucmcppcp." E0." ¥jcpi." ¥0." ¥jcpi." N0." cpf" Hgtpƒpfg¦." [0" " *4232+0"Ngcejkpi"¦kpe"htqo"urgpv"ecvcn{uv<"Rtqeguu"qrvkok¦cvkqp"wukpi"" " uwthceg"ogvjqfqnqi{0"Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176*3/5+."" " " 100 tgurqpug" 3335/33390" Buy your books fast and straightforward online - at one of world’s fastest growing online book stores! Environmentally sound due to Print-on-Demand technologies. Buy your books online at www.get-morebooks.com Kaufen Sie Ihre Bücher schnell und unkompliziert online – auf einer der am schnellsten wachsenden Buchhandelsplattformen weltweit! Dank Print-On-Demand umwelt- und ressourcenschonend produziert. Bücher schneller online kaufen www.morebooks.de VDM Verlagsservicegesellschaft mbH Heinrich-Böcking-Str. 6-8 D - 66121 Saarbrücken Telefon: +49 681 3720 174 Telefax: +49 681 3720 1749 info@vdm-vsg.de www.vdm-vsg.de

Log In

A prospective on production of petroleum liquid transportation fuels; recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts, chemistry, technological status and challenges

A prospective on production of petroleum liquid transportation fuels; recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts, chemistry, technological status and challenges

Related Papers

RELATED PAPERS