ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN D IE T Ä T IG K E IT E IN E S W IE N E R A R C H IT E K T E N IN U N G A R N W Ä H R E N D D E R E R S T E N H Ä L F T E D E S 1 9 .-JA H R H U N D E R T S von J. Sis a I n u n s e r e r S tu d ie w ir d d ie T ä t i g k e i t d es A r c h i­ b e s tim m te n , w e i t e r h i n , w e lc h e n P l a t z d ie A r c h i­ t e k t e n ita lie n is c h e r A b s ta m m u n g A lo is P ic h ls u n t e r s u c h t , d e r in W ie n a n s ä s s ig g e w e se n is t. W ir t e k t u r d e s Z e ita lte r s in d e r u n g a r is c h e n u n d in d e r v e r s u c h e n z u m e r s t e n M al, e in e n T e il s e in e r T ä t i g ­ D e m K la s s iz is m u s , d e r s ic h in U n g a r n in d e n a llg e m e in e n K u n s t e n t w i c k l u n g e in n im m t. k e it m o n o g r a p h is c h z u e r ö r t e r n .1 D e m e n ts p r e c h e n d e r s t e n J a h r z e h n t e n d e s 19 . J a h r h u n d e r t s e n t f a l t e t e , h a b e n w ir n u r w e n ig G e le g e n h e it, d e n P la tz e in z e l­ w a r im le tz te n D r i t t e l d e s 18. J a h r h u n d e r t s d ie s e h r n e r W e rk e u n d f r u c h t b a r e , k la s s iz is ie r e n d e ih re B e d e u tu n g im O e u v re d e s K ü n s tle r s f e s tz u s te lle n , d o c h d ü r f e n w ir es a ls G e ­ S p ä tp e r io d e d e s B a ­ oder ro c k s v o r a n g e g a n g e n . S e in e b e d e u t e n d s t e n M e is te r w a r e n J a k o b F e lln e r , M e in h a r d H e fe le u n d F r a n z k a u m b e k a n n t e n B a u d e n k m ä le r v o rs te lle n z u k ö n ­ A n to n H ille b r a n d t, d e r e r a u c h f ü r d ie Z u k u n f t b e i­ n e n u n d in d ie s e m s p ie lg e b e n d e n W e r k e w in n b e tra c h te n , d ie b is h e r u n b e k a n n te n Z u s a m m e n h a n g ein ig e a llg e ­ m e in e F r a g e n z u e r ö r t e r n . b e in a h e in a lle n K u n s tg a t­ tu n g e n u n d in d e n v e r s c h ie d e n s te n P u n k t e n des E in ig e n B a u t e n h a b e n w ir m e h r P la tz g e w id ­ L a n d e s z u f in d e n s in d . B e i d e r H e r a u s b ild u n g d e s m e t, a n d e r e d a g e g e n n a c h d e r K u n s t g a t t u n g g r u p ­ K la s s iz is m u s v o n U n g a r n d ü r f e n je n e M e is te r n ic h t p ie r t. I n i h r e r A n o r d n u n g , s o w e it es d ie G r u p p ie ­ a u ß e r a c h t g e la s s e n ru n g n a c h K u n s tg a ttu n g e n e r m ö g lic h te , k o m m t s t a m m t e n , e in e f r a n z ö s is c h e A u s b ild u n g b e s a ß e n m it e in e m K o m p r o m iß a u c h d ie C h ro n o lo g ie z u r u n d sic h in W ie n a n s ie d e lte n , w ie J e a n N ic o la s G e ltu n g . U n t e r d e n W e r k e n P ic h ls h a b e n w ir b e ­ J a d o t , Is id o re C a n e v a le u n d a m E n d e d e s 18. J a h r ­ s o n d e rs d e n S c h lö s s e rn K is ta p o lc s á n y u n d N a g y - h u n d e r t s T h o m a s d e T h o m o n u n d C h a rle s M o re a u . u g rö c w e itg e h e n d R a u m g e w ä h r t. D a s v e r d a n k e n O b w o h l ih re W e r k e f ü r U n g a r n n u r z u m T e il r e a li­ w ir te ils d e r T a t s a c h e , d a ß w ir h ei d ie s e n ü b e r e in s ie r t w u r d e n , v e r m i t t e l n sie d u r c h ih r e P e r s ö n lic h ­ a u ß e r o r d e n t l i c h re ic h e s a r c h iv a r is c h e s Q u e lle n m a ­ k e i t u n d ih re T ä t i g k e i t d ie in d e r e u r o p ä is c h e n B a u ­ te r i a l v e r f ü g e n , w o d u r c h w ir d ie R o lle d es A r c h i­ k u n s t d e s Z e ita lte r s m a ß g e b e n d e f r a n z ö s is c h e G e­ t e k t e n b e im s c h m a c k s r ic h tu n g . U n t e r ih r e n W e r k e n m u ß d ie E n t s t e h e n d e r g e n a n n te n S c h lö s s e r r e la tiv g e n a u f e s ts te lle n u n d d ie U m s tä n d e w e r d e n , d ie a u s F r a n k r e i c h zur K a th e d r a le in V á c v o n I s id o r e C a n e v a le h e r v o r g e ­ R e a lis ie r u n g e r h e lle n k o n n t e n . D a b e i g e h ö re n b e id e h o b e n w e rd e n (1 7 6 3 — 7 7 ), e in m o n u m e n ta le s W e r k G e b ä u d e n i c h t n u r z u d e n b e s te n W e rk e n P ic h ls , e u ro p ä is c h e r B e d e u t u n g d e r f r a n z ö s is c h e n S tilr ic h ­ s o n d e r n ih r e O r i g i n a l i t ä t u n d d ie m it ih n e n v e r ­ t u n g d e s F r ü h k la s s iz im u s . D ie u n g a r is c h e K u l t u r s t a n d j a h r h u n d e r t e l a n g k n ü p f t e n P r o b le m e b e g r ü n d e n B e s p re c h u n g . e in e a u s f ü h r lic h e I n u n s e r e r S t u d i e s in d w ir v o n d e n d a m a lig e n G re n z e n U n g a r n s a u s g e g a u g e n . in e in e r le b e n d ig e n B e z ie h u n g z u r A n t i q u i t ä t . D a s L a t e i n w a r d ie z w e ite M u tte r s p r a c h e d e s g e b ild e te n U n g a r n s , s o z u s a g e n d ie o ffizielle S p r a c h e d e s L a n ­ d e s b is z u r M itte d e s 19. J a h r h u n d e r t s . D ie l a t i n i ­ D ie ungarische A rc h ite k tu r in der ersten H ä lfte des 19. J a h rh u n d e rts 2 B e v o r w ir k u r z a u f d a s L e b e n A lo is P ic h ls u n d s e in e T ä t i g k e i t in U n g a rn e in g e h e n , s c h e in t es s ie re n d e B ild u n g d e s Z e i t a l t e r s h a t a u c h d ie a n tik e F o r m g e b u n g w a c h g e r u f e n u n d d a m it z u r A ssim ilie r u n g d e r k la s s iz is tis c h e n A rc h ite k tu r in U n g a r n b e ig e tr a g e n , w ie a u c h z u i h r e r s p ä t e r e n a u ß e r o r ­ d e n tlic h e n B e l i e b t h e i t . n o tw e n d ig , d ie V o r a u s s e tz u n g e n u n d d ie U m s tä n d e D ie e rs te H ä l f t e d e s 19. J a h r h u n d e r t s b e d e u t e t d a r z u s te lle n , d ie in d e r e r s te n H ä lf te d es 19. J a h r ­ in h u n d e r t s d ie E n tw i c k l u n g d e r B a u k u n s t in U n g a r n E r s t a r k e n d e r U n a b h ä n g i g k e i t s t e n d e n z e n u n d des 5« U n g a rn b e g in n e n d e V e r b ü r g e r lic h u n g , so w ie Acta H ist. A rt. Hun£. Turnus 28, 1982 .1. SISA 68 A bb. 1. G r u n d r i ß d e s e r s te n S to c k w e r k s d e s S c h lo s s e s K is ta p o le s á n y n a t i o n a l e n S e lb s tg e fü h ls . I n f o lg e d e r n e u e n g e se ll­ N o r d ita lie n , m e is t in die L o m b a r d e i. N e b e n d en s c h a f t l i c h e n A n s p rü c h e u n d g e is tig e r S tr ö m u n g e n ita lie n is c h e n nahm das W ie n s b e t r ä c h t l i c h . U n g a rn s A r c h i t e k t e n b e s u c h ­ B au­ te n d o r t d ie H o c h s c h u le , W ie n e r A r c h i t e k t e n a r ­ d ie B a u lu s t a u ß e r o r d e n t l i c h z e ig te s ic h v o r allem b e i den zu , u n d s tä d tis c h e n t e n . B e s o n d e rs in P e s t b e g a n n e in e p h a n ta s tis c h e V e r b in d u n g e n is t d ie A u s w ir k u n g b e ite te n g e le g e n tlic h a u c h in U n g a r n . E n t w i c k l u n g . 1808 w u r d e u n t e r d e r P r o t e k t i o n des I n d e r f r ü h e n P h a s e des u n g a r is c h e n K la s s iz is ­ P a l a t i n s J o s e f die » V e rs c h ö n e ru n g s C o m m issio n « m u s u m 1810 i s t d e r E in f lu ß d es S p ä t b a r o c k s n o c h g e g rü n d e t. s p ü r b a r , d ie f l a c h g e h a lte n e n F a s s a d e n , d ie fe in e n , E s e n ts ta n d e n P lä n e zur B ebauung u n d R e g e lu n g v o n P e s t u n d U m g e b u n g , d ie n e u e n m in u z iö s e n D e ta ilf o r m e n h e rrs c h e n v o r . S e it d en ö f f e n tlic h e n 2 0 -e r J a h r e n k ö n n e n w ir v o n d e r re ife n P e rio d e des und P riv a tb a u te n v e r m e h r te n sich . D a m i t v e r s t ä r k t e sich d ie R o lle v o n P e s t. D ie S t a d t u n g a ris c h e n w u r d e z u m a r c h ite k to n is c h e n Z e n t r u m d es L a n d e s . te r i s t i k e n D e m G e w ic h t u n d d e n A n s p r ü c h e n d e r s ic h v e r ­ n e n , in d e r h e i t e r e n R u h e , im m e n s c h lic h e n M a ß ­ b ü r g e r lic h e n d e n g in g s ta b . W ir t r e f f e n k e in e G e g e n s tü c k e z u d e n o ft k irc h lic h e n ü b e r d im e n s io n ie r te n , p e d a n tis c h k la s s iz is ie re n d e n B a u t e n z u rü c k , d a g e g e n w u r d e n G e b ä u d e f ü r ö f­ f e n t l i c h e S a m m lu n g e n , R e d o u t e n , B ä d e r, F a b r ik e n G e b ä u d e n d e r z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n e u r o p ä is c h e n A r c h i­ t e k t u r in U n g a r n . D ie U rs a c h e d ie se s P h ä n o m e n s u n d M ie ts h ä u s e r e r b a u t . G e s e lls c h a ft e n ts p r e c h e n d , d e r A n te il d e r a r i s t o k r a t i s c h e n und K la s s iz is m u s b e s te h e n re d e n . S e in e C h a ra k ­ in a u s g e g lic h e n e n P r o p o r t i o ­ D e m z u fo lg e t r a t e n die k a n n in d e r e r w ä h n t e n n a tü r lic h e n A f f i n i t ä t d e r c h a r a k t e r i s t i s c h e n B a u m e i s t e r d e s Z e ita lte r s , d ie im u n g a ris c h e n K u l t u r m it d em K la s s is c h e n z u s u c h e n R ahm en d e r s tä d tis c h e n Z ü n f t e t ä t i g w a r e n , in se in , d ie f r e m d a r t i g e u n d ü b e r tr ie b e n e M a n if e s ta ­ d e n V o r d e r g r u n d zu U n g u n s t e n d e r h e r r s c h a f tli­ tio n e n a u s k l a m m e r t e . D e s h a lb k o n n te d e r K la s s i­ c h e n A r c h ite k te n u n d d e r e r im D ie n s t d e r O b e r- z is m u s in a lle n a r c h ite k to n is c h e n K u n s t g a t t u n g e n la n d e s - B a u - D ir e k tio n . W u rz e l fa s s e n u n d d e s h a lb is t d e r K la s s iz im u s u n ­ D e r u n g a ris c h e K la s s iz is m u s s ta n d v o r a lle m u n te r dem schen ita lie n is c h e n f r u c h tb a r e n E in flu ß A rc h ite k tu r. g ü n s tig e n g e s e lls c h a ftlic h e n U m s tä n d e n d e r z e itg e n ö s s i­ ein e d e r f r u c h t b a r s t e n u n d w e r tv o lls te n P e rio d e n D e r e r s te d e r u n g a r is c h e n B a u k u n s t g e w o rd e n . und g le ic h z e itig h e r v o r r a g e n d s te A r c h i t e k t d es r e in e n K la s s iz im u s , M ichael P o l l a c k te r den (1 7 7 3 — 1 855), s t u ­ d i e r t e b e i sein em H a l b b r u d e r L e o p o ld o P o lla c h ,3 d e r in M a ila n d tä t i g w a r u n d d o r t ein e b e d e u te n d e D a s b e d e u t e n d s t e p ro fa n e ö ffe n tlic h e G e b ä u d e , d a s als H ö h e p u n k t d e r u n g a ris c h e n k la s s iz is tis c h e n B a u k u n s t g ilt, i s t d a s N a tio n a lm u s e u m in P e s t v o n P o lla c k (1 8 3 6 — 4 4 ). S ein g e s c h lo s s e n e r u n d p r o ­ R o lle s p ie lte . D er a n d e r e w ic h tig e A r c h ite k t des p o r t i o n i e r t e r B a u b lo c k s t e h t m it d e n g r o ß a n g e ­ Z e i t a l t e r s , J o s e f H ild (1 7 8 9 — 1 8 6 7 ), b e s u c h te e b e n ­ le g te n , m e i s t e r h a f t a n g e o r d n e te n I n n e n r ä u m e n in fa lls I t a l i e n , wo e r tie fe u n d b le ib e n d e E in d r ü c k e e in e r h a r m o n is c h e n V e rb in d u n g , u n d fe in e E le g a n z c h a r a k t e r i s i e r t s e in e A r c h ite k tu r . D ie s e s W e r k P o l- e r h i e l t . D o c h au ch a n d e r e A r c h i t e k t e n g in g e n n a c h Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 69 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN la c k s g e h ö r t u n t e r d ie e r s tk la s s ig s te n , o r ig in a ls te n B e is p ie le d e r z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n e u r o p ä is c h e n M u- A n d e re n e u r o p ä is c h e n L ä n d e rn v e r g le ic h b a r , b e g le ite te n d a s Z e i t a l t e r des K la s s iz is m u s a u c h in s e u in s h a u te n . A n d e n N a m e n J o s e f H ild k n ü p f e n U n g a r n — a n f a n g s n u r in g e rin g e m M a ß , s p ä t e r s ic h z a h lre ic h e W o h n h ä u s e r . E r s p ie lte ein e b e d e u ­ im m e r k o n k r e t e r — R e m in is z e n z e n a n d e n m i t t e l ­ t e n d e R o lle b ei d e r A u s g e s t a l t u n g des le id e r s e ith e r a lte r lic h e n z u m T e il v e r n ic h te te n k la s s iz is tis c h e n S t a d t b i l d e s s c h e in e n z u e r s t a ls v o n P e s t. A b e r a u c h als A r c h i t e k t v o n K ir c h e n , a n d e r e d e k o r a t i v e E in z e lh e ite n , s p ä t e r a ls P a v i l ­ z. B . d ie K a th e d r a le von g o tis ie r e n d e n G eschm ack. W a n d m a le r e ie n , D ie s e er­ G i t t e r b zw . E g e r (1 8 3 1 — 3 6 ), u n d lo n s im g o tis ie r e n d e n S til in d e n e n g lis c h e n G ä r ­ ö f f e n tlic h e n G e b ä u d e n g e h ö r te e r in d ie e rs te R e ih e . t e n d e r S c h lö s s e r, l n d e n e rs te n J a h r z e h n t e n des D a s h e r v o r r a g e n d s te W e r k d e r k irc h lic h e n k unst in U n g a rn is t der D om von B au­ E s z te rg o m 19. J a h r h u n d e r t s w u r d e n b e d e u te n d e K i r c h e n im S p itz b o g e n s til u m g e b a u t, sogar neu e rric h te t (1 8 2 2 — 56 , v o n P a u l K ü h n e i, J o h a n n P a c k h u n d (P é c s , P é t e r v á s á r a ) . I n d en 4 0 -e r J a h r e n b e g a n n J o s e f H ild ), d e r m it s e in e r K u p p e l d ie a u f e in e m e r h ö h te n T a m b o u r m it e in e r K o lo n n a d e r u h t , u n d d ie G o tis ie r u n g a u c h d e n S c h lo ß b a u z u e r o b e r n , s e in e r w o h l p r o p o r t i o n i e r t e n M asse ein e d e r b e ­ K u n s t u n d g o tis c h e r S til ein e n g e s c h u lte n T h e o r e t i ­ d e u te n d s te n k e r. D a m a ls , z u r B lü te z e it des K la s s iz im u s u n d K irc h e n d e s K la s s iz is m u s is t. u n d in I m r e H e n s z lm a n n fa n d e n m i t t e l a l t e r l i c h e Ibb. 2. Q u e r s c h n itt d e s S c h lo sse s K i s ta p o lc s á n y irta H ist, A rt, Hun#. Tornus 28, 1982 70 J. SISA h e rz o g in M a ria B e a trix (1 8 0 6 — 1 8 1 0 ) in W ien ( B e a tr ix g a s s e ) , w ie a u c h d e r P a l a s t d e r E r z h e r z o ­ g in , 1811— 14 e r b a u t , e b e n fa lls in W ie n ( H e r r e n ­ g a sse ). I n b e id e n F ä lle n h a n d e l t es s ic h u m r a d i ­ k a le U m b a u te n . N u r d e r P a l a s t in d e r H e r r e n - Ig a sse is t e r h a lte n g e b lie b e n . S e in e k u b is c h e M asse ist d u r c h ein e R e ih e v o n R ie s e n p ila s te r n b e le b t. A u ß e r d e r P l a n u n g z a h lr e ic h e r a n d e r e r W ie n e r B a u te n f e r tig te P ic h l 1812 P lä n e f ü r d e n U m h a u d e s »H a u s d e r L a u n e « im L a x e n b u r g e r P a r k im g o tis ie re n d e n S til. 1815 m a c h t e e r e in e n e r g e b n is ­ lo s e n V e rs u c h , als M itg lie d d e r W ie n e r A k a d e m ie a u fg e n o m m e n zu w erd en , dagegen e rw ä h n t er ö f te r , d a ß er M itg lie d d e r S t. L u k a s - A k a d e m ie v o n R o m sei. D as H a u p t w e r k P ic h ls is t das N ie d e r ö s te r ­ re ic h is c h e L a n d h a u s i n W ie n .8 D e r 1837 in A n g riff g e n o m m e n e B a u z o g sic h b is 1848 h in . D a s m o n u ­ A bb. 3. O rig in a lh o lz m o d e ll d e r K u p p e l des S c h lo s s e s in K is ta p o lc s á n y m e n ta le ö ffe n tlic h e G e b ä u d e s t r a h l t d e n G e is t d es rö m is c h e n P a la z z o - B a u s , d ie » m a n ie ra g ra n d e « a u s. W ir k ö n n e n b e o b a c h t e n , d a ß d e r in I t a l i e n g e­ s c h u lte A r c h i t e k t d ie F o r m s p r a c h e d e s K la s s iz is ­ w ä h r e n d d e s la n g s a m e n V o r d r in g e n s d e r g o tis ie ­ m u s v o m A n fa n g d e s J a h r h u n d e r t s a u c h n o c h im r e n d e n R o m a n tik , e r h i e l t A lo is P ic h l sein e e r s t e n z w e ite n V ie rte l a n w e n d e t. A u f t r ä g e in U n g a rn . Z w isch en 1 8 3 5 — 38 w u r d e n a c h d e n E n tw ü r f e n P ic h ls d a s G e b ä u d e d e r E r s t e n Ö s te r r e ic h is c h e n S p a rk a s s e in W ie n e r b a u t . D a s H a u s e n t b e h r t a lle r A lo is P ic h l 4 u n d sein älterer B ru d e r, F e r d in a n d P ichl D e k o r a tio n , t e k t o n i s c h e R e in h e it u n d d ie S tre n g e d e s reifen K la s s iz is m u s c h a r a k te r is ie r e n es. A lo is P ich l (M a ila n d , 1 7 8 2 — W ien, 1 8 5 6 )5 w a r e in b e d e u te n d e r V e r t r e t e r d e r W ie n e r k l a s s iz is ti­ P ich l p la n te P ro v in z e n der z a h lr e ic h e B a u t e n in H a b s b u r g - M o n a r c h ie m eh reren (G a liz ie n , s c h e n B a u k u n s t. S e in V a t e r h a t t e am H o f v o n M a i­ M ä h re n ), s o g a r a u c h f ü r G e b ie te a u ß e r h a l b d e r l a n d d e s E rz h e rz o g s F e r d i n a n d v o n E s te - M o d e n a M o n a rc h ie . I h r e A u f a r b e i t u n g u n d I d e n tif iz ie r u n g e in e n K a p e l l m e i s t e r s - P o s t e n b e k le id e t. D ie M u t ­ lassen a b e r n o c h a u f s ic h w a r te n . D e r ä lte r e B r u d e r v o n A lo is, F e rd in a n d Pichl t e r d e s K ü n s tle r s w a r e in e U n g a r i n . Sie s t a m m t e a u s der a d e lig e n F a m ilie S o m o g y i d e K o lo s v á r im (M a ila n d , 1775— W ie n , 1828)° w a r e b e n fa lls A rc h i­ K o m i t a t P e s t .6Ü b e r s e in e K i n d e r - u n d J u g e n d j a h r e te k t, w is s e n w ir s e h r der w e n ig . E r e r f r e u te sic h g e w iß h a u p ts ä c h lic h K in d e r der a b e r als A r c h i t e k t u r - L e h r e r E rz h e r z o g s f a m ilie E s te -M o d e n a s c h o n d a m a ls d e r U n t e r s t ü t z u n g d e r E r z h e r z o g s ­ b e k a n n t. 1808 b e w a r b fa m ilie E s te - M o d e n a u n d s t u d i e r t e in I t a l i e n . E r K o r r e k to r e n - , s p ä t e r D ir e k to r e n s te lle d e r » G ra v e u r­ b e e d in g te sein e S t u d i e n a n d e r W ie n e r A k a d e m ie sch u le« , 1 8 0 2 . I m fo lg e n d e n J a h r t r a t e r b e i d e r d a m a ls b e ­ r e i t s i n W ie n a n s ä s s ig g e w o r d e n e n F a m ilie E s t e - n ie rte . 1812 w a n d te e r sic h a n d e n k ö n ig lic h U n g a r i­ M odena s c h e n S t a t t h a l t e r r a t m it e in e m G e s u c h , w o rin e r sich te in D ie n s t u n d w a r m e h re re J a h r z e h n ­ la n g a ls H o f a r c h i t e k t d e r F a m ilie t ä t i g . — die an der e r sic h e rfo lg lo s u m W ie n e r A k a d e m ie die fu n k tio ­ u m die v a k a n t g e w o r d e n e D ir e k to r s te lle d e r O b er- D ie E rz h e rz o g s fa m ilie e r w a r b im e rs te n J a h r z e h n t L a n d e s - B a u d ir e k tio n des v erg an g en en in d iese b e re its m i t d e m » A d ju n c te n « b e s e t z t w o rd e n U n g a r n (S z e re n c s, S á r v á r ) . M e h re re M itg lie d e r d e r w a r, b e w a rb e r s ic h u m d e n V i z e d ir e k to r a te p o s te n .10 F a m ilie J a h rh u n d e rts h a t t e n in U n g a r n einige G ü te r a u c h F u n k tio n e n im ö f f e n tlic h e n L e b e n i n n e .7 b ew arb . In dem F a ll d a ß I n sein em G e s u c h , d a t i e r t in W ie n , d e n 10. J u n i , 1812, u n te r s c h r ie b e n m it » F e r d in a n d P ic h l A r c h i­ B e d e u te n d e F r ü h w e r k e P ic h ls sin d d e r S o m ­ te k t« , s u m m ie r t e r v o n P u n k t z u P u n k t , u m sein e m e r p a l a s t f ü r d e n E r z h e r z o g F e r d in a n d u n d E r z ­ B i t t e z u b e k r ä f tig e n , s e in e b is h e rig e L a u f b a h n . E r Acta H ist, A rt. Hung. Tom us 28, 1982 71 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN Ibb. 4. S c h lo ß K i s ta p o lc s á n y , 1842. L ith o g r a p h ie v o n F . W o lf le g te s e in e m G e s u c h d ie Z e u g n is s e v o n d e r B r e r a d ie J a h r e d e s A n f a n g s d e r L a u f b a h n s e in e s j ü n g e ­ in M a ila n d u n d d e r A k a d e m ie in W ie n b e i, s p ä t e r r e n B r u d e r s A lo is v o r lä u f ig w e n ig A n g a b e n b e s i t ­ f ü g te e r a ls E r g ä n z u n g d a s B e s tä tig u n g s s c h r e ib e n z e n , u n d d a z u e in ig e A n h a l t s p u n k t e e r h a l t e n k ö n ­ des n e n . W ir k ö n n e n a n n e h m e n , d a ß F e r d i n a n d , als B rü n n e r » B a u d e p a r te m e n t« ’s h in z u .11 W ir w is s e n n i c h t s ü b e r s e in e T ä t i g k e i t b e i d e r O b e r- g e s c h u lte r A r c h i t e k t u n d s p ä te r e r L e h r e r , s e in e n L a n d e s - B a u d ir e k tio n . E r f i g u r i e r t a u c h w e ite r a ls u m s ie b e n J a h r e j ü n g e r e n B r u d e r in a r c h i t e k t o n i ­ A r c h i t e k t u r - L e h r e r in d e r E rz h e rz o g s fa m ilie . s c h e n K e n n tn is s e n u n t e r r i c h t e t e . S o lc h e r a r t d ü r f te B is j e t z t w a r k e in G e b ä u d e b e k a n n t , d a s m i t d e m N a m e n F e r d i n a n d P ic h ls in V e r b in d u n g g e ­ A lo is P ic h l s e it s e in e r f r ü h e n J u g e n d z u d e r i t a l i e ­ n is c h e n A r c h i t e k t u r B e z ie h u n g e n g e h a b t h a b e n . b r a c h t w e r d e n k o n n te . I n s e in e m G e s u c h e r w ä h n t D ie s tr e n g k la s s is c h e , i ta lia n is ie r e n d e F o r m e n ­ e r d ie » R e s ta u rie ru n g « d e r W ie n e r M a lte s e r k ir c h e ( K ä r t n e r s t r a ß e ) a ls s e in e A r b e it, w o r u n t e r w ir s p r a c h e , d ie P ic h ls T ä t i g k e i t b e in a h e b is z u s e in e m ganz d ie P l a n u n g v e r s te h e n m ü s s e n . D a s s c h e in lic h a u f d e n v o n s e in e m B r u d e r v e r m i t t e l ­ g o tis c h e G e b ä u d e w u r d e 1 8 0 6 — 1 8 0 8 v o n a u ß e n u n d t e n E in f l u ß d e r o b e r ita lie n is c h e n f r ü h k l a s s i z i s t i ­ in n e n , v ö llig im s c h e n M e is te r ( P i e r m a r i n i , L . P o lla c h ) z u r ü c k . Z u r S tü tz u n g d ie s e r A n n a h m e is t e r w ä h n u n g s w e r t, g e w iß k la s s iz is tis c h e n S til u m g e b a u t . A n d e r F a s s a d e d e s k le in e n G e b ä u d e s w u r d e e in L ebensende k e n n z e ic h n e te , geht h ö c h s tw a h r­ h o h e r S o c k e l, k o r in th is c h e P i l a s t e r , ein T y m p a n o n d a ß A lois P ic h l, o b w o h l e r s e in e S tu d ie n 1802 in u n d e in e A t t i k a in d e r M itte m it e in e m k le in e n W ie n b e e n d e te , w o e r m e h r e r e J a h r e la n g a n d e r T u rm ö s te r r e ic h is c h e A k a d e m ie s t u d i e r t h a t t e , s p ä t e r ü b e r sic h s e lb s t F a c h l i t e r a t u r z ä h lte die K ir c h e b is h e r — m a n g e ls als e in e n ita lie n is c h g e s c h u lte n A r c h i t e k t e n s p r a c h , a n g e b r a c h t .12 D ie n e u e re A n g a b e n , a u fg ru n d d e r S tilk ritik zu d e n W e r ­ k e n L . M o n to y e rs . D ie k u r z e S e lb s tb io g r a p h ie F e r d i n a n d P ic h ls is t f ü r u n s a u c h d e s h a lb i n t e r e s s a n t , w e il w ir ü b e r d e r sein e K e n n t n i s s e in I ta lie n e rw o r b e n h a b e . D ie ita lie n is c h e A r c h i t e k t u r als I d e a l, d ie G r u n d r e g e l se in e s k ü n s t l e r i s c h e n K r e d o s , w ird a u c h in der B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g h e r v o r g e h o b e n , d ie e r 1 8 4 4 gele1eta H ist. A rt. H ung. Tomus 28, 1982 72 J . SISA g e n t l i c h d e s P r e is a u s s c h r e ib e n s f ü r d a s P e s t e r P a r ­ l a m e n t e in re ic h te . S c h lo ß K ista p o lc sá n y (1 8 1 8 — 1 8 2 5 ) D as k la s s iz is tis c h e S c h lo ß in K i s ta p o lc s á n y ( K o m i t a t B a rs , h e u te T o p o lc ia n k y , T s c h e c h o s lo ­ w a k e i) , d a s H a u p tw e r k A lo is P ic h ls in U n g a r n , w u rd e v o n d e n h e im is c h e n F o rsc h e rn b is j e t z t a u ß e r a c h t g elassen . D a s S c h lo ß b ild e t e ig e n tlic h d e n S ü d f lü g e l e in e s g r ö ß e r e n G e b ä u d e k o m p le x e s , d essen h i n t e r e r T e il e in R e n a is s a n c e - S c h lo ß is t, d a s e in e n u n r e g e lm ä ß ig e n v ie r e c k ig e n A r k a d e n h o f u m s c h lie ß t. V o m B a u h e r r n d es k la s s iz is tis c h e n S c h lo ß fü g e ls (im w e ite r e n k u rz S c h lo ß ) m ü s s e n e in ig e W o r te g e s a g t w e rd e n , w eil d ie s e r A r i s t o k r a t v o n P ic h l n i c h t n u r S c h lo ß K i s t a p o l c s á n y e r b a u e n lie ß , s o n ­ d e r n z w a n z ig J a h r e s p ä t e r a u c h S c h lo ß N a g y u g ró c . A u ß e r d e m u n t e r s t ü t z t e e r a u c h a n d e r e B e s tr e b u n ­ gen d e s A r c h ite k te n in U n g a rn (d er D o m 4bb. 5. S c h lo ß K i s t a p o lc s á n y u m 1890. S t a t u e n v o n J o s e f K lie b e r von E s z t e r g o m , die K irc h e v o n S a j ó v á m o s , d e r W e t t ­ b e w e r b z u m P e s te r P a r l a m e n t ) . So k ö n n e n w ir in m e n ts g e b ä u d e b e a u f t r a g t w a r. Z u d ie s e r Z e it t r a t s e in e r P e r s o n e in e n d e r b e d e u t e n d s t e n B a u h e r r e n e r m it m e h r e r e n A r c h i t e k t e n in V e r b in d u n g , u n t e r d e r e r s t e n H ä lf te d es 19. J a h r h u n d e r t s e r k e n n e n , a n d e re n a u c h m i t L e o K le n z e . E r d ü r f t e e b e n fa lls d e n P a t r o n P ich ls in U n g a r n . a u f g r u n d s e in e s S a c h v e r s tä n d n is s e s z u m K o n s e r ­ v a t o r d e r A n t i q u i t ä t e n des B e z irk e s v o n P r e ß b u r g G r a f J o h a n n N ep . K eglevich von B u z in (1 7 8 6 — e r n a n n t w o r d e n s e in , n a c h d e m U n g a r n 1850 a u s 1 8 5 6 )13 a b s o lv ie r te sein e S t u d i e n im W ie n e r T h e ­ a b s o lu tis tis c h e n B e d e n k e n in f ü n f B e z ir k e g e te ilt r e s i a n u m v o n 1802 b is 1 8 0 5 , 1 8 0 6 t r a t e r in d e n D ie n s t d e r H o fk a n z le i. 1 8 0 9 v e r l ä ß t e r d a s A m t. w o rd e n w a r. K e g le v ic h h a t t e k e in e a r c h ite k to n is c h e F a c h b i l ­ 1 8 2 3 i s t e r A d m in is tr a to r d e s K o m i t a t s B a r s , im d u n g , d o c h e r w a r b e r sic h im T h e r e s ia n u m a r c h i­ f o lg e n d e n J a h r O b e rg e s p a n e b e n d a , s p ä t e r a r b e i­ te k to n is c h e te te m it. D e r A r is to k r a t s e in e r z a h lr e ic h e n A u s la n d s re is e n v e r m e h r t e . D ie z e ig te e in a k tiv e s I n te r e s s e f ü r d ie W is s e n s c h a f te n z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n B e r ic h te ü b e r s e in e B ib lio th e k e r ­ e r a u c h im R e ic h s ta g G r u n d k e n n tn is s e , d ie e r g e le g e n tlic h u n d K ü n s t e , d a rin ü b e r t r a f e r d e n D u r c h s c h n itt w ähnen s e in e r K la s s e . D ie B o ta n ik g e h ö r te zu s e in e n g r ö ß ­ p r u n k v o lle A lb e n , d ie fre m d e L ä n d e r u n d t e n L e id e n s c h a f te n . E r w ir k te u n t e r a n d e r e n in d e r z u r S c h a u s t e l l e n 16 u n d a u s d e n e n e r n e b e n d e r a ll­ » K . K . G a rte n b a u -G e s e lls c h a ft.« m i t . 14 S e in e 1806 g e m e in e n O r i e n t i e r u n g a u c h I d e e n f ü r s e in e e ig e n e n g e g r ü n d e t e B ib lio th e k b e lie f sic h a u f 10 0 0 0 . n a c h B a u t e n s c h ö p fe n k o n n t e . E r b e s a ß z u m a n d e r e n Q u e lle n a u f 20 0 0 0 B ä n d e . e in e n , 1802 in P a r i s e rs c h ie n e n e n B a n d , d e r F ü r u n s is t es d a s W e s e n tlic h s te , d a ß e r a u c h m e h re re r e ic h illu s tr ie r te R e is e f ü h r e r , S tä d te B e isp ie l die rö m is c h e n B a u d e n k m ä l e r d e r H a lb in s e l v o n I s tr ie n e in le id e n s c h a f tlic h e r u n d s a c h v e r s t ä n d i g e r B a u ­ u n d v o n D a l m a t i e n in A n s ic h te n u n d a r c h i t e k t o ­ h e r r w a r . W ir k ö n n e n es als o ffiz ie lle u n d ö f f e n t­ n is c h e n Z e ic h n u n g e n b e k a n n t m a c h t e , m i t e in e m lic h e A n e r k e n n u n g s e in e r N e ig u n g u n d F a c h k e n n t ­ b e in a h e k o m p l e t t e n n is f ü r A r c h i t e k t u r u n d b ild e n d e K u n s t b e t r a c h ­ u n d d es F o r m g u t e s d e r A n tik e .17 t e n , d a ß d ie W ie n e r A k a d e m ie d e r b ild e n d e n K ü n s te K e g le v ic h lie ß R e p e r to r iu m S c h lo ß d er B a u ty p e n K is ta p o lc s á n y 1818— 1843 K e g le v ic h u n te r ih re E h r e n m i t g l i e d e r a u f g e ­ 1825 n a c h d e n P l ä n e n A lo is P ic h ls e r b a u e n . Ü b e r n o m m e n h a t , 15 w e ite rh in , d a ß d e r R e ic h s ta g ih n d ie B a u z e it u n d a ls P r ä s i d e n t e n des L a n d e s - A u s s c h u s s e s b e s tim m te , t e n in f o r m ie r e n u n t e r a n d e r e n B e r ic h te a u s d e m d e r m i t d e r A b w ic k lu n g d e s 1 8 4 4 a u s g e s c h r ie b e n e n v e rg a n g e n e n J a h r h u n d e r t . 18 D a s S c h lo ß f i g u r i e r t i n t e r n a t i o n a l e n W e ttb e w e r b s f ü r d a s P e s t e r P a r la - m it Acta ffis l. A r t. H ung. Tomus 28, 1982 m eh reren ü b e r d ie P e rs o n d e s A r c h i t e k ­ S tü c k e n in je n e r , m it A q u a re ll- 73 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN T e c h n ik g e m a lte n T o n d o - S e r ie , die das O iu v r e 1831 w u r d e e in e g r ö ß e r e Ä n d e r u n g v o r g e n o m ­ P ic h ls z u r S c h a u s t e l l t .19 A u ß e r d e m lie fe rt d a s s e it m e n , w eil zu d ie s e r Z e it d ie B ib lio th e k d e s G ra fe n 1823 e r h a lte n e K o r r e s p o n d e n z - T a g e b u c h K e g le v ic h s aus z a h lre ic h e M o m e n te G le ic h z e itig w u r d e m i t d e n B ü c h e rn a u c h die E in ­ d e s B a u e s .20 V o m Gang des B a u e s i s t n u r die J a h r e s z a h l d e s ein Z im m e r im e r s t e n S to c k w e rk , d a s e h e m a lig e E in z e lh e ite n über m anche sein em W ie n e r P a la s t u m g e s ie d e lt w u rd e . r ic h tu n g ü b e r f ü h r t . F ü r d ie B ib lio th e k h a t m a n A n fa n g s b e k a n n t : -1818. D e m B a u is t d e r V e rfa ll K a m m e r d ie n e r - Z im m e r , u m g e s t a l t e t .22 S p ä te r , in o d e r d e r A b b r u c h d e r f r ü h e r e n G e b ä u d e te ile v o r ­ a n g e g a n g e n . B is 1823 w a r e in b e t r ä c h tlic h e r T e il d e r z w e ite n H ä l f t e d e s 19. J a h r h u n d e r t s , w u rd e n d e r M a u r e r a r b e it b e r e its v o lle n d e t, d a s G e b ä u d e u m g e b a u t.2:1 I n d e r e r s t e n H ä lf te d e s 2 0 . J a h r h u n ­ s t a n d b is z u r o b e re n G le ic h e f e r tig , die g e w a ltig e n d e r t s h a t m a n u n t e n z u b e id e n S e ite n d e r H a u p t ­ S ä u le n d e r F a s s a d e d ü r f t e n a u c h s c h o n e r r i c h t e t fa s s a d e , wo sic h h a lb k r e is f ö r m ig e Ö f f n u n g e n b e ­ g e w e se n se in . W ä h r e n d d e r fo lg e n d e n z w e ie in h a lb fa n d e n , g ro ß e e c k ig e F e n s t e r e in g e s c h la g e n . m e h re re I n n e n r ä u m e u n d d a s H a u p ts tie g e n h a u s J a h r e w u rd e n d ie s te in e r n e n E le m e n te d e r F a s s a d e D e r B a u h e r r J o h a n n K eglevich is t e in e S c h lü s ­ — Ö f f n u n g s r a h m e n , B a l u s t r a d e n , K a p ite lle - a n g e ­ s e lfig u r des S c h lo ß b a u e s in K is ta p o lc s á n y , n ic h t b r a c h t, d ie I n n e n r ä u m e a u s g e b a u t u n d a u s g e s t a t ­ n u r als A u f tr a g g e b e r , d e r d ie n ö tig e n K o s te n b e ­ t e t , d ie K u p p e l m it k u p f e r n e n P l a t t e n ü b e r z o g e n . D ie F e r t i g u n g d es H a u p ts tie g e n h a u s e s , d ie P la z ie ­ s t r e i t e t , s o n d e r n a u c h a ls O r g a n is a to r , d e r b ei d er ru n g W o r t h a t t e , d ie B a u a r b e i t e n b e a u f s ic h tig te u n d d e r T r e p p e n s tu f e n e rw ie s e n sic h als seh r P la n u n g als K u n s t v e r s t ä n d i g e r ein e n ts c h e id e n d e s p r o b le m a tis c h e , viel A r b e it b e a n s p r u c h e n d e A u f ­ k o o r d in ie r te . Er g a b e n . I m M ai 1824 e r f a h r e n tvir, d a ß t r o t z d e r S k iz z e n o d e r P la n r is s e — in s e in e r s e lb s t z e ic h n e te zw ar kein e g e le g e n tlic h e n U n b e q u e m lic h k e ite n m e h re re R ä u m e d es e r s te n G e sc h o sse s in G e b r a u c h g e n o m m e n w u r ­ d o c h s c h e in t es k e in e m Z w eifel zu u n te r lie g e n , d a ß d e n .21 W ir d ü r f e n d e n F r ü h l i n g 1825, als Z e i t p u n k t e r in d e r B e s tim m u n g d e r B a u f o r m e n , s o g a r m a n c h ­ K o rre sp o n ­ d e n z fin d e n w ir k e in e d ie s b e z ü g lic h e n H in w e is e — , d e r B e e n d ig u n g d e s S c h lo ß b a u e s b e t r a c h te n , s p ä t e r m al d e r k le in e re n h a b e n w ir ü b e r M a u r e r a r b e ite n k e in e N a c h r ic h t bezeugen m e h r. 1 8 2 6 — 27 w u r d e n im I n n e r e n k le in e re B a u ­ s e it 1823, u n d d e r C h a r a k t e r d e r T o n s e in e r K o r ­ s k u lp tu r e n a u f g e s te llt u n d V e rg o ld u n g e n nom m en. v o rg e ­ re s p o n d e n z m e h re re E in z e lh e ite n m i t w i r k t e . D as in den B riefen b e k r ä f tig e n es e in d e u tig . ( L e id e r b e ­ s itz e n w ir a u s d e r Ibb. D e ta ils a k t i v w e s e n tlic h e n P hase d e r Pla- 6. K i s ta p o lc s á n y , H a u p tf a s s a d e d e s S c h lo s s e s Irta H ist. A rt. H ung. Tom us 2tt, 1,)H2 74 J . S1SA y A bb. 7. K is ta p o lc s á n y , M i t te l r is a l i t d e r H a u p tfa s s a d e d e s Abb. 8. K is ta p o lc s á n y , S e ite iiris a lit d e r H a u p t f a s s a d e des S c h lo s s e s S c h lo sse s n u n g u m 1818 keine B r ie f e ) . A n d e r s e its k a n n a u f C h a r a k te r s k ö n n e n w ir fe s ts te lle n , d a ß a lle ä u ß e ­ d e n B a u d e s Schlosses N a g y u g r ó c im v o ra u s h in g e ­ re n w ie s e n w e r d e n , wo K e g le v ic h d e m A r c h ite k te n z u r d e s S c h lo sse s d ie S p u r e n d e r H a n d P ic h ls t r a g e n . und in n e r e n a r c h ite k to n is c h e n E in z e lh e ite n P l a n u n g k o n k r e te I n s t r u k t i o n e n , b z w . B e isp ie le , P ic h l b e k a m V o r b i l d e r g a b . W ir d ü r f e n sc h lü s s e v o m G r a f e n , d e r ih n d a n n u m R a ts c h lä g e P la n u n g d e s S chloßes d e s h a l b b e z ü g lic h d e r K is ta p o lc s á n y ü b e r d e n B a u v e r la u f s t ä n d i g A u f­ m it ein e m i n te c h n is c h e n S a c h e n b a t , g e le g e n tlic h m u ß t e e r ä h n l i c h e n V e rfa h re n r e c h n e n . D e r B a u d a r f als g e ­ m e in s a m e K o n z e p tio n d e s B a u h e r r n u n d des A r c h i­ d ie E n ts c h e i d u n g d e s B a u m e is te r s k o n tr o llie r e n . D e r W ie n e r A r c h i t e k t w a r 1823 u n d a u c h 1824 in t e k t e n g e lte n . K is ta p o lc s á n y .28 D ie P l ä n e Alois P ic h ls z u m B a u in K is ta p o l­ csány s in d n ic h t a u fg e ta u c h t. Jedoch m a c h te D e r B a u w u r d e a n O r t u n d S te lle v o m B a u ­ m e is te r F ra n z H a u se r a u s S e lm e c b á n y a (S c h e m n itz ) P i c h l n i c h t n u r P lä n e , s o n d e r n lie ß e r a u c h e in g e le ite t u n d b e a u f s i c h t i g t , o b w o h l e r s ic h a u c h n ic h t M o d e ll z i­ s t ä n d i g in K i s t a p o l c s á n y a u fh ie lt. D ie z u m B a u b e ­ m e h re re A b m e s ­ n ö t i g t e n b e h a u e n e n S te in e lie ß e n zw ei S te in m e tz e n d es G e b äu d es t i e r t in e in e m a n fe rtig e n . B rie f v o n 1824 K e g le v ic h s u n g e n , d ie e r vom M o d e ll a b l a s . 24 1827 s c h r e ib t d e r U m g e b u n g , C h ristia n H orn a u s Ú j b á n y a ( K ö ­ e r s c h o n a n P ic h l: »Sie h a b e n s e l b s t e in e n P la n u n d n ig s b e rg ) u n d J o h a n n F r a n k a u s S c h e m n itz d u r c h d a s M o d e ll v o m S chlosse«.25 E i n T e il dieses M o d ells i h r e G e se lle n b r e c h e n u n d b e h a u e n . D ie d e k o r a tiv e d ü r f t e d a s h ö lzern e M o d ell g e w e s e n sein , d a s d ie B a u p l a s t i k f e r t i g t e B artholom eus M ü n c h ( M ü n n ic h ) M e is te r a u s N y i t r a ( N e u tr a ) a n . D ie P la - Z i m m e r m a n n s - K o n s tr u k tio n d e r K u p p e l z e ig t u n d n o c h k ü r z l i c h im S ch lo ß v o r h a n d e n w a r .26 Im V e r ­ z ie ru n g s - u n d M a u r e r a r b e ite n v e r r i c h t e t e n u n t e r l a u f d e r A r b e ite n v e rla n g te K e g l e v i c h im m e r n e u e r e d e r L e itu n g e in e s a n O r t u n d S te lle a r b e i t e n d e n und A rc h ite k te n , P oliers die M a u re r, d e r e n A n z a h l sic h a llg e m e in d ie e r d e m B a u m e is te r o d e r d e n S te in m e tz e n ü b e r ­ n e u e r e D e ta ilz c ic h n u n g e n v o m u m z w a n z ig b e w e g te . A u ß e r d e m w a r e n n o c h m e h ­ g a b .27 A u f g r u n d ih re r g r o ß e n r e r e H andw erker a u s d e r U m g e b u n g a m G e b ä u d e A cta H ist. A r t. Huna. Tomus 28, 1982 A n z a h l und ih re s 75 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN tä tig . Im von A u g u s t 1824 s te l l t e d ie e rs te G e m a h lin K e g le v ic h , A d e le Z ic h y ,29 fo lg e n d e k le in e b ä u d e s , die d re i g r o ß e n S t a t u e n a u f d e m T y m p a n o n , h a t d e r W ie n e r B i l d h a u e r J o s e f K lieber g e s c h a f ­ L is te in ih r e m T a g e b u c h z u s a m m e n : » Im S c h lo s s e f e n .30 E r e rh ie lt d e n A u f t r a g 1823 v o m G r a f e n ,31 g e h t es z u w ie b e y m B a b ilo n is c h e n B a u , 20 M a u ­ im A u g u s t 1824 i s t b e r e i t s v o n d e m T r a n s p o r t d e r re r, 3 S te in m e tz , 8 T is c h le r , 2 T a p e z ie re r, 2 M a h le r, fe r tig e n S ta tu e n d ie R e d e .32 D e r B r ie f K lie b e r s an z w e y B ild h a u e r , e in e n ( !) A n s tr e ic h e r , Z im m e r ­ K e g le v ic h is t e r h a l t e n , w o rin e r d e n G r a f e n e r ­ le u te , K u p f e r s c h m id t u n d Z ie g e ld e c k e r s in d f o rt...« . s u c h t, die r ü c k s t ä n d i g e S u m m e d e r ih m g e b ü h r e n ­ W e n n es a b e r z u a n s p r u c h s v o lle n A u f g a b e n d e n 400 G u ld e n in K o n v e n tio n s m ü n z e , g e fä llig s t k a m , g a b K e g le v ic h W ie n e r M e is te rn d e n A u f tr a g . a u s z a h le n zu w o lle n .33 D ie n e u n F u ß h o h e n S t a ­ t u e n 34 w u rd e n w a h r s c h e in lic h zu B e g in n d e s J a h r e s D e n b e d e u te n d s te n S k u lp tu r e n s c h m u c k d es G e ­ Abb. 9. K i s t a p o lc s á n y , g ro ß e r S a a l Irta Hist. A rt. H u n g . T om us 28, 1982 76 J. S1SA Abb. 10. K is ta p o lc s á n y , B i b l i o t h e k s r a u m . D ie R e lie fs s t a m m e n v o n J a k o b ( ? ) S c h r o t t , d ie B ü s te n v o n A . R o b a tz 1825 a u f g e s te llt. A u f d e n F o t o g r a f i e n , die u m d ie B reccie v o n s e l t e n e r S c h ö n h e it« . D e r G r a f s c h r e ib t J a h r h u n d e r t w e n d e v e r f e r t i g t w o r d e n s in d , s ie h t 1 824, d a ß e r a u s s e in e n w e iß e n M a r m o r b lö c k e n in m a n sie n ic h t m e h r a m G e b ä u d e , 35 w a h rs c h e in lic h W ie n d u rc h K iß lin g f ü r d a s S ch lo ß (‘in e n kam en v e r f e r tig e n la s s e n m ö c h te .40 sie n ach d em B e s itz e r s w e c h s e l, als G r a f K a m in S t e f a n K e g le v ic h d a s S c h lo ß d e m E rz h e rz o g K a r l K e g le v ic h w o llte 1829 v o m W ie n e r B ild h a u e r L u d w ig v e r k a u f t h a t t e , in d e n G a r t e n , h e u te s in d F ranz B a u er 41 z w e i, j e sech s F u ß h o h e E n g e l s t a ­ sie a u c h d o r t n ic h t m e h r z u f i n d e n . W ir k ö n n e n t u e n b e s te lle n , d o c h h a b e n w ir k e in e w e ite r e K e n n t ­ sie u n s n u r a u fg ru n d e in e s a l t e n n is d a v o n .42 l e n .36 D a n a c h sc h e in e n sie B ild e s v o r s t e l ­ a lle g o ris c h e F r a u e n - , f i g u r e n g e w e se n zu sein. 1831 w u r d e d ie B ib lio th e k des G ra fe n a u s W ie n n a c h K is ta p o lc s á n y b e f ö r d e r t, u n d d ie u r s p r ü n g ­ D e r W ie n e r Leopold K i ß l i n g 37 w irk te a u c h b e i d e r A u s s t a t t u n g des S c h lo s s e s v o n K is ta p o lc s á n y m i t . I m S e p te m b e r 1823 e r k u n d i g t sich K e g le v ic h . lic h e n V e r z ie r u n g e n , M e is te rn s t a m m t e n , d ie e b e n fa lls von W ie n e r w u r d e n h ier s e k u n d ä r a n g e ­ b r a c h t .43 So s in d v i e r G ip sre lie fs a n g e la n g t, d ie d e r o b d ie b e i ih m b e s te llte B a d e w a n n e fe rtig s e i.38 B ild h a u e r S ch ro tt 44 n a c h Z e ic h n u n g e n d e s M a le rs U ber J o s e f R cd el g e s c h a f f e n h a t. A u f d e n d ie s e W anne la u te t d ie z e itg e n ö s s is c h e a lle g o ris c h e n ein K ü n s tle r n u n d G e le h r te n . D ie B ü s te n , d ie o b e n a n t i k e r ä g y p tis c h e r S a r c o p h a g 1etn H ist. ir t. Hung. Tnrnus 28, 1982 a u s M a rm o r- T hem en s ie h t m an R e lie fs m it B e s c h r e i b u n g : 39 d m B a d e c a b i n e t d ie n t z u r W a n n e B ild n is s e von A LO I S P I C H L I N U N G A R N a u f d e n B ü c h e r r e g a le n s t a n d e n , w u r d e n v o n A u g u st R obatz 45 a u s H o lz v e r f e r t i g t . S ie s te lle n e b e n fa lls h e it. D u rc h a n s p r u c h s v o lle k ü n s tle r is c h e G e s ta l­ k la s s is c h e u n d n e u z e itlic h e D i c h t e r , S c h r if ts te lle r h i n t e r e n T r a k t a u s . D ie D e k o r a tio n d e r Z im m e r a u s u n d G e le h r te d a r . E in b e t r ä c h t l i c h e r T eil d e s M o b ilia rs u n d d e r r ö m is c h e n u n d s te lle n w e is e ä g y p tis ie r e n d e n M o ti­ E in ric h tu n g m a ß v o lle V e rg o ld u n g h e r v o rg e h o b e n . d e s S c h lo sse s w u r d e a u c h in W ie n t u n g z e ic h n e t sich d e r B ib lio th e k s a a l im r e c h te n v e n w ird d u r c h d i s k r e t g e tö n te W ä n d e u n d d ie D ie D e ta ils d e s S c h lo s s e s v o n K is ta p o lc s á n y g e f e r tig t. D a s sic h la n g h in z ie h e n d e , a u s zw e i T r a k t e n b e s te h e n d e S c h lo ß g e b ä u d e m i t e in e m r e c h te c k ig e n G r u n d r iß h a t d re i G e sc h o sse . D e r u n t e r e T e il — d a s w u r d e n in e in e r r e if e n , re in e n k la s s iz is tis c h e n F o r m s p r a c h e k o n z ip ie r t. D ie im p o s a n te E r s c h e i­ n u n g , d ie d y n a m is c h e M asse d es s c h ö n g e le g e n e n b ild e n ein e r e la ­ G eb äu d es h ab en a b e r m e h re re K o n s tru k tio n s p rin ­ e in h e itlic h e S o c k e lz o n e , d a r ü b e r e r h e b t sich z ip ie n des B a ro c k s b e w a h r t . I m G e g e n s a tz z u d e r d a s h o h e e r s te S to c k w e rk . D e r b e t o n t e s t e T e il is t d e r M itte lr is a lit m it e in e m P o r t i k u s , h in te r d e m c h a r a k te r is tis c h e n K o o r d i n a t i o n des K la s s iz is m u s v e r s c h ie b t sich h ie r d a s V e r h ä ltn is d e r S e ite n flü g e l T ym panon u n d d e s M itte lr is a lits , d e r u n te r e n u n d o b e re n G e ­ E rd g e s c h o ß u n d d e r H a lb s to c k tiv von e in e r K uppel b e k r ö n t. A n den E n d e n b e id e r S e ite n flü g e l b e f i n d e t sic h je ein h e r ­ s c h o sse z u r U n te r - u n d U b e r o r d n u n g . A n s te lle ein es v o r s p r in g e n d e r R is a lit, in ih re m e r s te n S to c k w e rk s ie h t m a n d r e ite ilig e F e n s t e r , in ein P a lla d io -M o tiv r u h ig e n , e in h e itlic h e n G e b ä u d e b lo c k s s to ß e n w ir a u f e in e n in j e d e r R i c h t u n g k r ä f tig h e r v o r s p r in g e n ­ e in g e f a ß t. d e n M itte lr is a lit. D ie K u p p e l u n d W a lm d ä c h e r f o r ­ w ir in ein e m en e in e a b w e c h s lu n g s re ic h e S ilh o u e tte . D ie B e ­ k re is fö rm ig e V o rh a lle m it d o r is c h e n S ä u le n h in e in . to n u n g d e r K u p p e l d ie im k la s s iz is tis c h e n S c h lo ß ­ D u rch d en H a u p te in g a n g tr e te n I n d a s e r s te S to c k w e r k f ü h r t ein S tie g e n h a u s m it b a u u n g e w o h n t is t, w ir d n o c h d u rc h d ie g ro ß e L a ­ zw ei T r e p p e n a r m e n . D e r i m p o s a n te s te R a u m d es t e r n e e r h ö h t. I n d e r D e ta ilf o r m g e b u n g is t a b e r die S to c k w e rk s , g le ic h z e itig d e s g a n z e n S c h lo sse s, is t d e r K u p p e l k la s s iz is tis c h , u n d d a s b e z ie h t sic h a u c h g ro ß e K u p p e ls a a l v o n e in e r etw as k ü h le n S c h ö n ­ a u f d ie in n e re A u s f o r m u n g . M an s p ü r t d e n E in f lu ß 4bh. I I . K i s ta p o lc s á n y , d a s v o n N o b ile g e p la n te g o tis c h e G la s h a u s im S c h lo ß p a r k . Z e ic h n u n g v o n E . S tö c k e r a u s d e m v e rg a n g e n e n J a h r h u n d e r t A cia Hint. Art. Hung. Tom us 28, 1982 TN .). S I S A 4bb. 12. B a u z e ic h n u n g e n e in e s d e r G la s h ä u s e r in P e n z in g , v o n P . N o b ile g e p la n t des des Pavillon in z w e i V a r ia n te n . D e r k le in e B a u w u rd e P a n t h e o n s in R o m . I h r e G r u n d f o r m is t w ie b e im U rty p s des e u r o p ä is c h e n K u p p e lb a u s , in F o r m e in e s S o n n e n s c h irm e s a u s g e f ü h r t .48 P ic h l P a n t h e o n eine H a lb k u g e l, d ie a u f e in e m T a m b o u r w irk te a u c h b e i d e r P la n u n g a n d e r e r , w e n ig e r b e ­ s i t z t . D ie W a n d n is c h e n , d u r c h k o r in th is c h e D o p ­ d e u te n d e n G a r t e n - u n d W i r ts c h a f ts g e b ä u d e n m it. p e l s ä u l e n , bzw . P fe ile rn g e g lie d e r t, s tim m e n e b e n ­ fa lls m it dem P a n th e o n ü b e r e i n . Z w is c h e n den 1837 lie ß K e g le v ic h d e n gu ß eisern en Z a u n d es G a r te n s a n f e r tig e n . S e in e r V o r s te llu n g n a c h s o llte s c h a r f e n , k la s s iz is tis c h e n G lie d e r u n g e n d es G e b ä u ­ in A b s tä n d e n v o n j e f ü n f K l a f t e r e in e d e s f i n d e n sich v e r s t e c k t a u c h k le in e re B a r o c k ­ S tü tz e n a c h d e m V o rb ild v o m m o t i v e : d ie o v alen F e n s t e r d e r K u p p e l o d e r d ie re n -B ä n d l« a u f g e s t e l l t w e rd e n . » Ic h g la u b e in W ien d ic k e re » rö m is c h e n L ik to - w e lle n lin ig e M u sik e m p o re d e s F e s ts a a ls . ( Ü b r ig e n s a u f d e r B a s t a y irg e n d w o ein s o lc h e s g e s e h e n zu w a r d ie i n d en z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n B e s c h r e ib u n g e n h a b e n ; in K ö n i g w a r t b e y m F ü r s t M e t t e r n i c h ’s sa h e r w ä h n t e sa la te r r e n a a u c h e h e r in d e n f r ü h e r e n ic h es a u c h « , b e m e r k t e r. M it d e r E n t w u r f b e a u f ­ E p o c h e n b e lie b t.) D ie I d e e d e r V e r b in d u n g d e s P o r ­ t r a g t e r e b e n f a lls P ic h l.49 tik u s D e n b e d e u t e n d s t e n G a r te n b a u , d a s gotische G lashaus w u r d e a u c h v o n e in e m W ie n e r A r c h ite k ­ t e n , Pietro N o b ile g e p la n t.50 Z u m B a u k a m es m i t d e r K u p p e l e r i n n e r t a n P a lla d io , d a s M o tiv d e r d re ite ilig e n F e n s t e r a n d e n S e ite n r is a li­ t e n g le ic h e rw e is e . D a s S c h lo ß g e b ä u d e m i t s e i n e r » e rh o b en en « F a s ­ 1828— 2 9 .31 F ü r e in e n d e r S e ite n p a v illo n s f e r tig te s a d e w e i c h t v o n d en n ü c h t e r n e n , e tw a s m o n o to n e ­ d e r W ie n e r T i s c h le r Leistier ein e p r a c h t v o l l e H o lz ­ r e n , s u m m a r is c h e r g e p l a n t e n S c h lö s s e rn i n g a r n a h . D ie K u p p e l h a t b e i m U n­ d e c k e a n .52 D a s g o tis ie re n d e G e b ä u d e b e f i n d e t sich S c h lo ß b a u ü b e r ­ h e u te in e in e m s t a r k v e r ä n d e r te n Z u s t a n d . W ir k e n ­ h a u p t k e i n G e g e n s tü c k . S ie k a n n n u r m i t d e m n e n d a s u r s p r ü n g l i c h e G la s h a u s v o n e in e r D a r s t e l ­ K u p p e ls a a l lu n g a u s d e m v e r g a n g e n e n J a h r h u n d e r t . 33 des b e d e u te n d s te n z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n ö f f e n t l i c h e n G e b ä u d e s U n g a r n s , d es N a t i o n a l m u ­ s e u m s i n P e s t, v e rg lic h e n w e r d e n . Im Ja h rg a n g 1838 d e r W ie n e r » A llg e m e in e n B a u z e itu n g « s in d d ie a r c h ite k to n is c h e n R is s e u n d A lo is P ic h l e n tw a r f m e h r e r e G e b ä u d e a u c h f ü r d e n g r o ß e n e n g lisc h e n S c h l o ß g a r t e n . I m d ie B e s c h r e ib u n g d e s G la s h a u s e s im M a y e rs-G a r­ A ugust t e n zu P e n z in g i n d e r N ä h e v o n W ie n z u s e h e n , d a s 1 8 2 4 ü b e r s a n d t e er d e n P l a n e in e s d u rc h 14 S ä u le n e b e n fa lls v o n N o b ile g e p la n t w u r d e .54 B e im V e r­ g e g lie d e r te n K u h sta lles w u r d e 47 ( h e u te ,4e e x is tie r t der P e n z in g e r G la s h a u s m it d e m e h e m a ls im P a r k d es s c h ic k te d e r A rc h ite k t P l ä n e z u e in e m chinesischen S ch lo sses K is t a p o l c s á n y g e w e se n e n B a u ü b e r e i n ­ 28, 1982 n ic h t m e h r). gleich d e r B ild e r k ö n n e n w ir f e s ts te lle n , d a ß d a s 1827 Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. T er 1825 f e r tig g e s te llt ALOIS PICHL IN’ UNGARN 7(t s t i m m t ; o ffe n s ic h tlic h b e n ü t z t e N o b ile in b e id e n F ä lle n d e n s e lb e n P la n . 1838 b e s te llte K e g le v ic h b e im W ie n e r B i l d ­ h a u e r Schrott 55 zw e i g r o ß e V a s e n , d ie e r im s e lb e n J a h r n a c h K i s t a p o l c s á n y t r a n s p o r t i e r e n lie ß .38 D e r G r a f b e m e r k t , d a ß s ic h d ie se d e n b e r e its b e s t e h e n ­ d e n » K a n d e la b e rn « a n p a s s e n m ü s s e n . E s is t z w e i­ fello s v o n j e n e n V a se n , b z w ., r e ic h v e r z ie r te n S ä u ­ len d ie R e d e , v o n d e n e n j e e in e a m E in g a n g d e s G a r te n s s t a n d . b lie b e n .57 D ie le tz te re n s in d e r h a lte n ge­ J o h a n n K e g le v ic h lie ß s e in e r e r s te n G e m a h lin . A d e le Z ic h y , d ie 1 8 3 9 g e s to r b e n w a r , in K i s t a p o l ­ c s á n y e in G rabm al e r r i c h t e n , d a s n a c h e in e m z e i t ­ g e n ö s s is c h e n B e r i c h t v o m W ie n e r B ild h a u e r H a n s Gasser g e s c h a ffe n w u r d e .58 A ndere P riva tb a u ten Sárvár P ic h l p l a n t e a u c h f ü r S á r v á r ( K o m i t a t V as) m e h re re G e b ä u d e . D a r ü b e r g ib t e in K a t a l o g v o m A n fa n g d e s J a h r h u n d e r t s A u fs c h lu ß , d e r in A q u a ­ re lle n d ie W e rk e P ic h ls r e g is tr ie r t: » S á rv á r. L u s t ­ h a u s d e s E r z h . F r a n z z u S á r v á r . 3 B l. ( L u s th a u s , 4bb. 13. K a n d e la b e rf'ö rin ig e S ä u le a m E in g a n g d e s S c h lo ß ­ p a rk e s in K i s t a p o lc s á n y v o n A . S c h r o tt W ir ts h a u s u . L a ite r ie .« .59 D ie B u r g in S á r v á r u n d d a s d a z u g e h ö rig e G u t g e la n g te n 1803 in d e n B e s itz d e r E rz h e rz o g s fa m ilie N a c h d e r I n s c h r i f t h a b e E rz h e rz o g F e r d i n a n d d ie E s te - M o d e n a .80 N a c h h e r is t es n a t ü r lic h , d a ß sie W ie d e r h e rs te llu n g d e r h a lb a b g e b r o c h e n e n B u r g ih r e n H o f a r c h i t e k t e n , A lo is P ic h l m it d e m E n t ­ in A n g riff g e n o m m e n u n d n a c h s e in e m T o d (1 8 0 6 ) w u r f d e r h ie r z u e r r i c h t e n d e n G e b ä u d e b e a u f t r a g ­ se in ä lte s te r S o h n F r a n z d ie A r b e ite n w e ite r f ü h r e n te n . W ir h a b e n k e in e s ic h e re K e n n tn is d a r ü b e r , o b la s s e n . E s lie g t a u f d e r H a n d a n z u n e h m e n , d a ß ih r d ie g e n a n n te n H ä u s e r e r r i c h t e t w o r d e n s e ie n , u n d H o f a r c h ite k t a u c h fa lls sie e r b a u t w u r d e n , h a b e n w ir k e in e A n h a l t s ­ a r b e ite n in V e r b in d u n g g e w e se n sein d ü r f t e . U n t e r m it den W ie d e r h e r s te llu n g s ­ p u n k t e , d iese z u id e n tif iz ie r e n . U n t e r d e n k la s s i­ d e n r e l a t i v w e n ig e n B a u d e ta ils d e r B u r g , s t a m ­ z is tis c h e n G e b ä u d e n u m d ie B u r g r a g t d a s e h e ­ m en m a lig e G ä r t n e r h a u s ( h e u te P u s k in R in g 36) h e r ­ d e n F e n s te r n d e s I . S to c k w e rk s d e r H o f f a s s a d e v o r , d e s s e n N iv e a u ü b e r d e m D u r c h s c h n i t t lie g t. a u s d e r k la s s iz is tis c h e n P e rio d e . D ie se s M o tiv , b e i d ie U m r a h m u n g e n m it B o s s e n q u a d e r n an D ie s c h a r f e , g e o m e tr is c h e A r c h i t e k t u r d es D o p p e l­ den g e b ä u d e s d e u t e t n i c h t a u f d ie A r b e it e in e s h ie s ig e n e in e b e lie b te L ö s u n g d e s ita lie n is c h e n C in q u e c e n to , B a u m e is te r s . V ie lle ic h t i r r e n w ir u n s n ic h t, w e n n w as w ir e in e n d e r k le in e r e n B a u t e n P ic h ls d a r i n e n t ­ P ic h ls b e k r ä f tig t. h e im is c h e n d ie B a u d e n k m ä le rn A u to rs c h a ft des u n g e w o h n t, is t ita lie n is c h g e s c h u lte n d e c k e n w o lle n . D ie M o n o g r a p h ie n ü b e r d ie B u r g in S á rv á r s tim m e n d a r in ü b e r e in , d a ß d ie B u r g in s c h le c h ­ te m Z u s t a n d g e w e s e n sei u n d v o n d e r E r z h e r z o g s ­ Pläne zu m H o rv á th -P a la st in Pest (zw . 1812— 1 8 1 5 ) fa m ilie E s te - M o d e n a r e s t a u r i e r t tv o rd e n sei. I m L a u f d ie s e r A r b e i t e n w u r d e z u e r s t d ie H o f f a s s a d e S zép G a sse 1 — d a s e h e m a lig e H o r v á t h - H a u s d e r fü n f e c k ig e n B u r g e in h e itlic h g e s t a l t e t .81 W e n n f ä l l t in d a s G e b ie t, w o m a n zu B e g in n d e s v e r g a n ­ D a s H a u s a n d e r E c k e d e r K o s s u th G a sse 3 z u r w ir d u r c h d a s B u r g t o r d e n H o f b e t r e t e n , s e h e n Avir g e n e n J a h r h u n d e r t s d a s v o n J o h a n n H ild g e p la n te lin k s e in e G e d e n k ta f e l v o n 1814 ü b e r d e n U m b a u . N a tio n a lm u s e u m e rric h te n w o llte .82 1812 w u rd e Acta Hist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28 , 1982 .). si s л 80 Abb. 14. A lo is P ic h l I. P l a n v a r i a n t e z u m P e s te r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t : G r u n d r i ß d e s E rd g e s c h o s s e s a b e r d a s G r u n d s tü c k z u m B a u ein es m o n u m e n t a ­ c s á n y g e tr o f f e n . N a c h d e in Z e u g n is d e r G ru n d r is s e le n G e b ä u d e s fü r u n b r a u c h b a r e r k l ä r t , in a c h t P a r ­ w a re n fo lg e n d e I n n e n r ä u m e a m s o r g f ä ltig s te n g e ­ z e lle n a u f g e te ilt u n d v e r s t e i g e r t . So k a m d ie P a r ­ s t a l t e t : d e r m it S ä u le n u n d P ila s te r n g e g lie d e rte , z elle an der E cke d er frü h e re n H a t v a n i G a sse im H i n t e r t r a k t s ic h a u s b r e ite n d e T o rw e g , fe r n e r ( h e u t e K o s s u th G asse) u n d S z é p G asse in d e n B e ­ s itz v o n J o s e f S z e n tg y ö r g y i H o r v á t h . d a s » C a b in e tt « im I . S to c k u n d d e r q u a d r a t i s c h e J o s e f H o r v á th ließ z u n ä c h s t v o n A lo is P ic h l D ie z w e ite V a r i a n t e P ic h ls 84 w u rd e s c h o n f ü r E n t w ü r f e in zw ei V a r i a n t e n f ü r e in H a u s a n f e r t i ­ ein m o d ifiz ie rte s G r u n d s t ü c k a n g e f e r tig t. D ie B re ite g ro ß e S a a l im M i tte lr is a lit. g e n . D ie e r s te L ö s u n g 63 w a r e in e in s tö c k ig e s G e ­ d e r S tr a ß e n f a s s a d e s tim m t m it d e r f r ü h e r e n ü b e r ­ b ä u d e , d e s s e n F lü g e l in U - F o r m e in e n I n n e n h o f ein (21— 22 K l a f t e r ) , d o c h is t d ie T ie fe d e s G r u n d ­ u m fa sse n . s tü c k s b e in a h e a u f d a s D ie G lie d e ru n g d e r H a u p tfa s s a d e is t D o p p e lte g e s tie g e n . D ie s t r e n g k la s s iz is tis c h . E in b a r o c k e r Z u g d e r A n o r d ­ G ru n d ris s e s in d a u f d e n B le is tif tz e ic h n u n g e n v o n n u n g b e s t e h t d a rin , d a ß d ie A u s b ild u n g d es b e t o n ­ Lorenz Z o fa h l e r h a l t e n (w a h rs c h e in lic h te n , v ie lle ic h t h a t a u c h e r die b e id e n V a r i a n t e n f ü r die F a s s a d e n a c h d e r V o rla g e o d e r d e n I n s t r u k t i o n e n h e r v o r s p r in g e n d e n M itte lris a lits v ö llig von d e n S e ite n f lü g e ln a b w e ic h t, u n d die g le ic h m ä ß ig e K o p ie n ), R e ih e d e r e in fa c h e n Ö f f n u n g e n s t ö r t . A m E r d g e ­ P ic h ls e n tw o r f e n . Z o fa h l w a r s p ä t e r B a u m e is te r in s c h o ß d e s M itte lris a lits is t d a s g e ra d e a b g e s c h lo s ­ P e s t. Z w is c h e n 1 8 1 3 — 1815 v e r b r a c h te e r s e in e W a n ­ s e n e T o r v o n je ein em d o r is c h e n W a n d p f e ile r, b z w . d e r ja h r e im D ie n s t d e s W ie n e r A r c h i t e k t e n .65 B e id e H a lb s ä u le f la n k ie r t, d a r ü b e r s ie h t m a n im I . S to c k F a s s a d e n v e r s io n e n z e ig e n z w a r ein e b e s o n d e r e B e ­ e in e d r e ite ilig e Ö ffn u n g , v o n e in e m s c h ö n g e z e ic h ­ a c h tu n g d e s M itte lte ils , d o ch w ird d ie F lä c h e d e r n e t e n P a lla d io -M o tiv e i n g e f a ß t , m it e in e r B a l u s t r a ­ F a s s a d e n ic h t g e b r o c h e n , es b e f in d e t sic h a u c h o b e n d e . P i c h l lic h te dieses M o tiv . W ir h a b e n es a u c h k e in T y m p a n o n , d e r M itte lte il f ü g t sich b e s s e r in die bei R e ih e d e r Ö f f n u n g e n e in . B ei d e r e in e n L ö s u n g den S e ite n ris a lite n des Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 S c h lo sse s K is ta p o l- XI 4 l.l >IS P i c i n . IN UNTJA II N w ird d a s E rd g e s c h o ß , b e i d e r a n d e r e n d e r I . S to c k s p r i c h t n ic h t b e t o n t . W ir k ö n n e n v o n d e n f lü c h tig e n G r u n d ­ se s, d a s P o lla c k e n tw o r f e n h a t . W ä h r e n d a u f d e n ganz dem G r u n d s tü c k des H a u ­ ris s e n a b le s e n , d a ß n ic h t n u r d ie F a s s a d e , s o n d e r n P lä n e n auch b r e i t is t, b e t r ä g t d ie F r o n t P o lla c k s in d e r K o s s u th d ie In n e n rä u m e e in f a c h e r g e w o rd e n s in d . P ic h ls d ie H a u p t f a s s a d e 21— 22 K la fte r. A u ß e rd e m K la fte r Es b e d e u t e t e in e n w e s e n tlic h e n U n te r s c h ie d , d a ß G a sse u n g e f ä h r 17 d e r T o rw e g in e in e n f la c h e n , s c h m a le n D u r c h g a n g P ic h l n ic h t m it e in e m E c k h a u s , o b w o h l d a s r e a l i ­ re c h n e te u m g e f o r m t w u r d e u n d d e r G r u n d r iß d e s I . S t o c k ­ s ie r te G e b ä u d e a n d e r E c k e s t e h t . D a s i s t v o r a lle m w e rk s a u c h k e in e s t ä r k e r g e g lie d e rte n I n n e n r ä u m e j e n e r U n s ic h e r h e it z u z u r e c h n e n , d ie d u r c h d ie A u f ­ a u fw e is t. D e r g ro ß e r e c h te c k ig e S a a l o b e r h a lb d e s t e ilu n g d e s g ro ß e n G r u n d s tü c k s e n t s t a n d , d a s f r ü ­ T o rw e g s w ä re n a c h P ic h ls e le g a n te r D e k o r a tio n h e r f ü r d a s N a tio n a lm u s e u m b e s t i m m t g e w e s e n w a r. D a s e r k l ä r t v ie lle ic h t a u c h d ie P l a n v a r i a n t e n fü r p r ä c h tig e r g e s t a l t e t w o rd e n . O b w o h l d as G e b ä u d e n ic h t n a c h d en P lä n e n v e r s c h ie d e n e G r u n d s tü c k s g r e n z e n b e id e r A r c h i­ d e n A q u a r e lle n , d ie s e in O e u v re z u r S c h a u s te lle n .06 te k te n . D e r A u f tr a g a n P ic h l i s t e in s e lte n e s B e is p ie l J o s e f H o r v á t h h a t 1816 M ic h a e l P o lla c k m it d a f ü r , d a ß e in a u s lä n d is c h e r A r c h i t e k t m i t e in e m P ic h ls g e b a u t w u r d e , f i g u r i e r t es tr o t z d e m u n t e r d e r Z e ic h n u n g v o n n e u e r e n P lä n e n b e a u f t r a g t .67 H a u s b a u in P e s t b e a u f t r a g t P o lla c k h a t z u e r s t e in e k le in e r e V a r ia n te m it e in e m E rw ä g u n g e n H o f g e z e ic h n e t, n a c h h e r e in e m i t zw ei H ö fe n , w o ­ a in O r t t ä t i g w a r u n d ü b e r e in nach Z u n f t v e r f ü g te , d e n A u s s c h la g g e g e b e n . das G ebäude s c h lie ß lic h re a lis ie r t w u r d e . haben dann w u rd e. M ic h a e l P ra k tis c h e P o lla c k , der M e is te r r e c h t d e r W ä h r e n d a b e r P ic h l e in e n e in s tö c k ig e n s tä d tis c h e n J o s e f F reiherr von Szentgyörgyi H orváth (j'1 8 5 0 ), P r i v a t p a l a s t p l a n t e , i s t d a s G e b ä u d e s P o lla c k s ein k . k . K a m m e r h e r r ,68 g e h ö r te z u r A r i s t o k r a t i e d e r d re is tö c k ig e s M ie th a u s . D a s G r u n d s tü c k zu M o n a rc h ie . I n s e in e m P ic h ls E n tw ü r f e n e n t­ H e rrsc h e r m it s e in e n H a u s e s in d 1 8 2 0 , a ls d e r F a m ilie n m itg lie d e r n und Abb. 15. A lo is P ic h l I. P l a n v a r i a n t e z u m P e s t e r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t : G r u n d r i ß d e s e r s te n S to c k w e r k s ti Acta Hist. A rt. H ung. Tom us 28, 1982 82 J . S1SA Abb. 16. A lo is P ic h l I. P l a n v a r i a n t e z u m P e s t e r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t : F a s s a d e n z e ic h n u n g a u s lä n d is c h e n A r i s t o k r a t e n n a c h U n g a r n k a m , d e r » C a m b rid g e E n g lä n d e r K ö n . P r i n z u n d K ö n . E r z ­ h e rz o g K a r l v o n B a v a rie n « a b g e s tie g e n .69 P läne zum Sch lo ß Boncliida (nach 1831 ) I n d e r u n g a r is c h e n F a c h l i t e r a t u r i s t s e it l a n ­ g em b e k a n n t , d a ß P ic h l a u c h f ü r B o n c liid a ( K o m i­ t a t K o lo z s ; h e u t e B o n tid a , R u m ä n ie n ) P l ä n e a n ­ D ie »O rangerie « in Ih a ro sb e ré n y ( vor 1830) f e r tig te , d ie v o r d e m I m » g e m a lte n O e u v r e - K a ta lo g « P ic h ls f i g u r i e r t a u c h e in G la s h a u s , d a s f ü r I h a r o s b e r é n y ( K o m i t a t I I . W e ltk r ie g in d e m d o r t i ­ g e n S c h lo ß , im A r c h iv d e r F a m ilie B á n f f y a u fb e w a h r t w u r d e n .74 S o m o g y ) a n g e f e r tig t w u r d e (» I h a r o s - B e r é n y . O r a n ­ G r a f J o s e f B á n f f y lie ß im u r s p r ü n g lic h m i t t e l a l ­ g e rie d e s H e r r n A n to n v . I n k e y « ) .70 Im P a r k d e s te r lic h e n , im R e n a i s s a n c e - u n d B a r o c k s til e r b a u t e n I n k e y s c h e n S ch lo sses I h a r o s b e r é n y s ta n d t a t s ä c h ­ g ro ß e n S c h lo ß d e n T o r t u r m a u s d e m 17. J a h r h u n ­ lic h d e r t , E n d e d es z w e ite n J a h r z e h n t s d e s 19 . J a h r h u n ­ e in g rö ß e re s , k la s s iz is tis c h e s G la s h a u s , das g e w iß m it d e r v o n P ic h l g e p l a n t e n » O ran g erie« d e r ts a b b r e c h e n . D a m i t w u rd e d e r v o n d e n S e ite n ­ id e n t i s c h w a r . V o m G e b ä u d e , d a s in z w is c h e n v e r ­ f lü g e ln u m f a ß t e I n n e n h o f a n d e r O s ts e ite o ffen . n i c h t e t w u r d e , b e s itz e n w ir n u r e in A rc h iv fo to v o n N a c h 1831 lie ß d e r G r a f zu m z ie m lic h s c h le c h te r Q u a l i t ä t .71 I n d e r M itte h a t t e se s F lü g e ls P l ä n e d u r c h P ic h l in zw e i S e rie n a n ­ W i e d e r a u f b a u d ie ­ es e in e n P o r t i k u s m it i o n is c h e n S ä u le n , a n d e n f e r tig e n (ein e p r u n k v o l l e r e u n d e in e b e s c h e id e n e re S e ite n r e i h t e n sich S ä u le n o h n e K a p ite lle a n . D ie V a ria n te ), G r u n d f lä c h e d e s G la s h a u s e s b e t r u g u n g e f ä h r 2 0 X P la n r is s e w a r e n s ig n ie r t: » L u ig i P ic h l A r c h i t e t t o 4 m , in d e r M itte w a r e in q u a d r a t i s c h e r R a u m v o n m e m b r o d e ll’A c c a d e m ia in R o m a « , o h n e D a t u m . D ie A u fg a b e , d ie d e m A r c h ite k te n z u te il w u r d e , u n g e f ä h r 6 x 6 in .72 A n to n I n k e y , O b e r r ic h te r d e s K o m i t a t s S o m o g y , s p ä t e r E r s t e r V iz e n o ta r, s t a r b 1 8 3 0 .73 D ieses J a h r d a z u e in e n K o s te n a n s c h la g . D ie n e u n w a r j e n e r in K is ta p o lc s á n y ä h n lic h . Zu e in e m G e b ä u d e f r ü h e r e n U r s p r u n g s m i t e in e m I n n e n h o f , k a n n a ls te r m i n u s a n te q u e m f ü r d e n O ra n g e rie - m u ß te e r e in e n V e rb in d u n g s flü g e l e n tw e r f e n . P ic h l P l a n v o n P ic h l b e t r a c h t e t w e r d e n . s t e l l t e s ic h d ie L ö s u n g a u c h Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 in e in e r ä h n lic h e n 83 ALOIS PICHI, IN' UNGARN F o rm v o r : D a s g e p la n te G e b ä u d e i s t m it e in e r K u p p e l b e k r ö n t , d a v o r s t e h t e in P o r t i k u s . A u c h d ie A n o r d n u n g d e r Ö ffn u n g e n g lic h j e n e r im S c h lo ß K is ta p o lc s á n y . D e r B a u s til w a r d e r n o r d ita lie n isc h e K l a s s iz is in u s . D e r O s tf lü g e l is t in e in e r e in f a c h e re n k la s s i­ z is tis c h e n F o r m v e r f e r t i g t w o rd e n , d o c h n i c h t n a c h d e n E n t w ü r f e n v o n P ic h l. E s is t d e n k b a r , d a ß J o s e f B á n f f y ( f l 8 5 8 ) d u r c h d e n E r z h e r z o g F e r d i n a n d v o n E s te - M o d e n a o d e r so g ar a u f sein e E m p f e h lu n g m it P ic h l in V e r ­ b i n d u n g k a m . D e r E r z h e r z o g , b e i d e s s e n F a m ilie P ic h l als H o f a r c h i t e k t d ie n te , b e k le id e te 1833 - 3 8 in S ie b e n b ü r g e n e in R e g ie r u n g s a m t. G le ic h z e itig w a r e r a u c h G o tiv e r n e u r v o n G a liz ie n , d a s g ib t f ü r m e h r e r e d o r tig e A r b e ite n P ic h ls e in e E r k l ä ­ ru n g ab. K irchen Z w ei Versuche zu r E rw erbung des O berarchitektenP ostens am Dam von E sztergom (1 8 2 0 u n d 1 8 2 4 ) Al ois P ic h l v e r s u c h te z w e im a l, d e n O b e r a r ­ c h i t e k t e n p o s t e n d e r g r ö ß te n B a u a r b e i t d e r Epo­ Abb. 18. I I . P l a n v a r i a n t e z u m P e s te r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t , g e ­ z e ic h n e t v o n L o re n z Z o fa h l n a c h d e r K o n z e p tio n v o n P ic h l : F a s s a d e n v a r i a n te n c h e in U n g a r n , a m D o m v o n E s z te r g o m (1 8 2 2 — 1856) z u e r la n g e n , in b e id e n F ä lle n e rfo lg lo s .75 N o ch v o r d e m B e g in n d e r B a u te n a m 19. J u n i 1820 r ic h t e t e d e r W ie n e r N u n tiu s L e a r d i e in e n B r ie f a n d e n F ü r s t p r i m a s R u d n a y in E s z te r g o m , w o rin e r A lo is P ic h l a ls M itg lie d d e r S t. L u k a s A k a d e m ie v o n R o m u n d als h e r v o r r a g e n d e n H o f ­ a r c h ite k te n d e r F a m ilie E s te -M o d e n a d e m K ir- c h e n f ü r s te n e m p f i e h l t .76 N e b e n d e m B r i e f L e a r d is f in d e n w ir a u c h d a s E i n f ü h r u n g s s c h r e ib e n d e s A lois und F e rd in a n d P ic h l v o m 9. J u n i 1 8 2 0 .77 S ie e r w ä h n e n , d a ß sie b e id e a u s I t a l i e n s t a m m t e n u n d ih re a r c h i t e k t o n i ­ s c h e n K e n n tn is s e d o r t e rw o rb e n h ä t t e n . S ie s c h r e i­ b e n a u c h , d a ß sie b e r e i t s m it d e r P l a n u n g ä h n lic h e r G e b ä u d e b e a u f t r a g t w o r d e n se ie n : » W ir s c h o n se id d es W id e r e r r u n g e n e n R ö m is c h P ä b s t l i c h e n T r ô n e s j e d e r e in e n f l ü c h t i g e n E n t w u r f z u e in e r C a th é d r a le z u P a p ie r g e b r a c h t h a b e n , a n w e lc h e m so w o h l d ie s c h ic k lic h s te F o r m z u e in e r R ö m is c h K a th o lis c h e n K ir c h e , w ie a u c h d e r E r h a b e n e S ty l, u n d d a s g ro ß e Ä u ß e r e , a u f w e lc h e m d ie V ie r E v a n g e lis te n A bb. 17. I I . P l a n v a r i a n t e z u m P e s te r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t , g e ­ z e ic h n e t v o n L o re n z Z o fa h l n a c h d e r K o n z e p tio n v o n P ic h l : G r u n d r i ß d e s e r s te n S to c k w e rk s 6* g e g e n d ie V ie r W e ld th e ile in d ie L ü f t e s c h w e b e n d u n d im H a u p t a m H ö c h s t e n P u n k t d e s D o m s d ie Acta Hist. A rt. Hung. T o m u t 28, 1982 84 J. SISA T r i u m f i r e n d e R e lig io n p r a n g e t , h a u p t s ä c h l i c h B e- w o ra n sie a u c h d e m f e s tg e s e tz te n P r o g r a m m g e ­ r ü c k s i c h t e . . . v e r d ie n e n d ü r f te .« D ie A r c h i t e k t e n m ä ß u n t e r s t r e n g s t e r K o n tr o lle a r b e i t e n w o llte n . b e t r a c h t e t e n es als e in e E h r e , w e n n sie m i t d e r R u d n a y h a t t e , w ie w ir es w is s e n , P a u l K ü h n e i P l a n u n g u n d A u s f ü h r u n g d ie s e s , f ü r d a s g a n z e L a n d r u h m b r in g e n d e n G e b ä u d e s b e t r a u t w ü r d e n , m it d e r P l a n u n g u n d d e r B a u le itu n g b e a u f t r a g t . N a c h d e m u n e r w a r t e t e n T o d K ü h n e is a m 11. J a - A bb. 19. I I . P la n v a r ia n te z u m P e s t e r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t , g e z e ic h n e t v o n A lo is P i c h l : W a n d d e k o r a tio n d e s g r o ß e n S a a le s in t I. S to c k A bb. 20. I I . P la n v a r ia n te z u m P e s t e r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t ; g e z e ic h n e t v o n A lo is P ic h l : W a n d d e k o r a tio n d e s g r o ß e n S a a ls im I . S to c k Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tornus 28, 1982 85 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN Ibb. 21. I I . P l a n v a r i a n t e z u m P e s te r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t , g e z e ic h n e t v o n A lo is P ic h l : W a n d d e k o r a t i o n d e s g r o ß e n S a a ls im I. S to c k Ibb. 22. I I . P l a n v a r i a n t e z u m P e s te r H o r v á t h - P a l a s t , g e z e ic h n e t v o n A lo is P ic h l : W a n d d e k o r a t i o n d e s g r o ß e n S a a ls im I . S to c k n u a r 1824 iu W ie n w a n d t e n sic h w ie d e r m e h r e r e e in e m B r ie f a n R u d n a y . D ie se n B r ie f h a t t e e r sc h o n b e rü h m te o h n e s e in e n A rc h ite k te n an den K ir c h e n f ü r s te n , ä lte re n B ru d e r F e rd in a n d g e s c h rie ­ u m d e n v a k a n t g e w o r d e n e n P o s te n z u e r la n g e n , b e n .78 D a e r v o m u n t e r ih n e n a u c h H e in r ic h K o c h u n d J o s e f E n g e l. e r h ie lt, b i e t e t e r w ie d e r s e in e D ie n s te d e m F ü r s t ­ S o fo rt, a m f o lg e n d e n T a g n a c h K ü h n e is T o d , p r im a te n a n , s ic h d ie s m a l a u f d ie E m p f e h lu n g des a m 12. J a n u a r 1 8 2 4 , w a n d t e sich A lois P ic h l in H o f r a ts D e m e tr iu s t r a u r i g e n T o d e s fa ll N a c h r ic h t G ö rö g b e ru fe n d , der ih m .Icia H ist. Art. Hung. Tom us 28, 1982 86 J. SISA lic h e n K ö n ig R e ic h U n g a r n g e rn e , u n d u in so lie ­ b e r a u s ü b e n m ö c h te , d a m e in e G o ttlo b n o c h le ­ b e n d e a lte M u t t e r e in e g e b o re n S c h o m o d ji v o n C o lo s v a rd a u s P e s t ist.« D a s ic h e r lic h k e in e A n tw o r t k a m , s c h r ie b a u c h G r a f J o h a n n K e g le v ic h a n R u d n a y e in e n B r ie f a u s K i s t a p o l c s á n y ,7'-1 u m d a s G e su c h P ic h ls zu u n t e r ­ s tü tz e n . I n K i s t a p o l c s á n y w a r d e r B a u d e s S c h lo sse s n o c h im G a n g e . I n s e in e m B r ie f s c h i l d e r t e r m it w a r m e n W o r t e n d ie v o rz ü g lic h e n F ä h i g k e i t e n u n d die F a c h k e n n t n i s s e P ic h ls. E r b e t o n t , d a ß d ie W ie ­ ner B a u te n der E rz h e rz o g s fa m ilie E s te - M o d e n a s e in e m N a m e n e in e n R u h m g e b r a c h t h ä t t e n , u n d f ü g t h in z u : » m e u s e s t c o m p lu riu m a lio r u m A rc h iA bb. 23. » O ran g erie« in I h a r o s b e r é n y . F o to g r a f ie z u r Z e it d e r Ja h rh u n d e rtw e n d e » F r e u n d u n d G ö n n er« sei. Ü b e r sieb b e m e r k t e r f o lg e n d e s : »Mein Y a t t e r l a n d te c tu s « . E r s a g t a u c h ü b e r ih n , d a ß e r v o n e in e m ita lie n is c h e n V a t e r u n d e in e r u n g a r is c h e n M u tte r is t I t a l i e n , g e b o re n s t a m m te . D e r F ü r s t p r i m a s b e a u f tr a g te t r o t z d e m J o h a n n u n d e rz o g e n in M a ila n d , s e id m e h r e r e n J a h r e n in P a c k h m it W i e n n , w o ic h die d e u t s c h e E s z te r g o m , d ie ü b r ig e n B e w e rb e r ließ e r B au A r t, u n d tlie p r a k t i s c h e A u s ü b u n g n u r e ig e n g e m a c h t h a b e , d ie a c h t, ic h a u c h in d e m f ü r d ie s c h ö n e K ü n s t e so a n f ä n g ­ haben. ohne d e r w e ite r e n auch nur L e itu n g d e s B a u e s in A bb. 24. A q u a re ll v o n A lo is P ic h l v o n d e m W e t t b e w e r b s e n t w u r f z u r W ie n e r J o h a n n - N e p o m u k K ir c h e Acta H ist. írt. Hung. Tomus 28, 198% außer m it ih n e n v e r h a n d e l t zu 87 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN ibb. 25. H a u p tf a s s a d e d e r K irc h e in J o ls v a D ie K irche von Jo lsva (1 8 3 1 — 4 9 ) K ir c h e z u r S p r a c h e g e k o m m e n sei. 1831 w u r d e n d ie zw ei K l a f t e r tie f e n F u n d a m e n t e a u s g e g r a b e n , U b e r die B a u g e s c h ic h te d e r r ö m is c h - k a th o li­ zur fe ie rlic h e n G ru n d s te in le g u n g , wo auch der s c h e n P f a r r k ir c h e in J o l s v a ( K o m i t a t G ö m ö r-K is - B is c h o f v o n h o n t ; h e u t e Je h s a v a , T s c h e c h o s lo w a k e i) w a r b is ­ w e s e n d w a r, k a m es a m 24 . S e p te m b e r 1 8 3 2 . D e r R ozsnyó, Jo h a n n S z c ito v s z k y , a n ­ h e r n u r a u s e in e m to p o g r a p h is c h e n W e rk v o n d e r B a u u n d die A u s s t a t t u n g d e r K ir c h e v e r z ö g e r te n J a h r h u n d e r t w e n d e so v ie l b e k a n n t , d a ß sie » vom sic h a b e r n o c h la n g e ; es is t m ö g lic h , d a ß d ie A r b e i­ G ö n n e r d e r K irc h e , d e m F ü r s t e n F e r d in a n d v o n t e n e r s t ein ig e J a h r e n a c h d e r G r u n d s te in le g u n g C o b u rg , n a c h d e n P lä n e n e in e s b e r ü h m t e n W ie n e r ih r e n A n fa n g n a h m e n . D a s f e r tig e G e b ä u d e w u r ­ A r c h i t e k t e n , d u r c h d e n h e r r s c h a f tlic h e n In g e n ie u r de W u n sc h « 1849 e r b a u t w o r d e n s e i.80 D ie s e r W ie n e r e rs c h e in e n d e n A r c h i t e k t w a r z w e ife llo s k e in a n d e r e r , als A lois den 1849 e in g e w e ih t.88 I n den n a c h h e r S c h e m a tis m e n B änden der Ja h re der 1856 u n d la u f e n d D iö z e s e n , in 1857 k ö n n e n P ic h l. D a s G e b ä u d e f i g u r i e r t n ä m lic h in d e r b e r e its w ir a b e r n o c h le s e n , d a ß d a s I n n e r e d e r K ir c h e e r w ä h n te n n o c h n ic h t a u s g e s t a t t e t sei (» in te r n a n o n d u m in - A q u a re ll-S e rie von den W e rk e n des A r c h i t e k t e n ,81 u n d s e in e S tilm e r k m a le b e k r ä f tig e n s tr u c ta « ) .84 E in T e il d e r in n e r e n A u s s t a t t u n g , v ie l­ a u c h P ic h ls A u to r s c h a f t. le ic h t a u c h die F r e s k e n , w u r d e n a lso e r s t n a c h d e r A u f d e m H a u p t p l a t z d e s S t ä d t c h e n s s ta n d f r ü ­ E in w e ih u n g a n g e b r a c h t. h e r e in e K irc h e , d ie 1 8 2 9 n i e d e r b r a n n t e . E in e z e i t ­ A n b e id e n E n d e n d e r H a u p t f a s s a d e d e s Z e n t r a l ­ g e n ö s s is c h e P u b l i k a t i o n 82 b e r i c h t e t , d a ß sc h o n in b a u s e r h e b e n s ic h k le in e T ü r m e . D e n le i c h t v o r ­ d ie se m J a h r d ie I d e e d e r E r b a u u n g e in e r n e u e n s p r in g e n d e n , m it e in e m T y m p a n o n b e k r ö n t e n P o rirta H ist. A rt. H ung. T o m u s 28, 1982 J. SISA 88 Abb. 26. S e i te n a n s i c h t d e r K irc h e in J o ls v a t i k u s g lie d e rn a n b e id e n S e i t e n je ein W a n d p f e ile r, bzw . H a lb s ä u le , d a z w is c h e n b e f in d e t sich e in e g ro ß e , f la c h e N isch e m i t d e m H a u p te in g a n g u n d o b e n m i t e in e m h a lb k r e is f ö r m ig e n F e n s te r . D e r m o n u m e n ta le q u a d r a t i s c h e I n n e n r a u m i s t D a s G e b ä u d e b i l d e t e in e n g e s c h lo s s e n e n , sc h w e ­ r e n B lo c k . V ö llig e r M a n g e l a n D e k o r a t i o n c h a r a k ­ te r i s i e r t d ie s t r e n g k o n z ip ie r te F a s s a d e . D a s b e ­ h e r r s c h te K o m p o s itio n s p r in z ip u n d d ie F o r m s p r a c h e d es re ife n K la s s iz is m u s h a b e n d e n b a ro c k is ie - m i t e in e m fla c h e n P e n d e n tiv g e w ö lb e b e d e c k t. D ie ­ r e n d e n F r ü h k la s s iz is m u s d e s S c h lo sse s v o n K is- se m R a u m sc h lie ß t sic h h i n t e n ein e V o rh a lle a n , ta p o lc s á n y a b g e lö s t. E in g e m e in s a m e r Z u g v e r ­ o b e n m i t e in e r O rg e le m p o re , v o r a n b e f in d e t sich d e r b in d e t b e id e B a u w e r k e : d ie im p o s a n te E rs c h e in u n g , h a lb k r e is f ö r m ig e C h o r. I n d e n a b g e s c h n itte n e n E k - d a s B e s tr e b e n , e in e n ü b e r w ä ltig e n d e n E in d r u c k zu k e n d e s Z e n tr a lr a u m e s b e f i n d e n sich lin k s v o m C h o r e rre g e n . D ies v e r r ä t die ita lie n is c h e S c h u lu n g des e in e k le in e r e K a p e lle , r e c h t s d ie S a k ris te i. D ie se A r c h ite k te n . D e r S til d e r K irc h e v o n J o l s v a k a n n R ä u m e k o r r e s p o n d ie r e n in d e r K o n f ig u r a tio n d es u n t e r d e n b e d e u t e n d e r e n A r b e ite n P ic h ls in W ien G r u n d r is s e s m it d e r G r u n d f l ä c h e d e r T ü r m e , sie m it d em u n v e r z i e r t e n m o n o lith is c h e n B a u d e r E r ­ s p r in g e n s e itlic h au s d e r M a s s e d es R a u k ö r p e r s h e r ­ s t e n Ö s te r r e ic h is c h e n S p a r k a s s e v e r g lic h e n w e rd e n . v o r u n d e rs c h e in e n als z w e i g le ic h b re ite R is a lite . Im C h o r s te h t der H o c h a lta r , d en k o r in th is c h e E in c h a r a k te r is tis c h e s , n a c h V e n e to h in w e is e n ­ des M o tiv des K ir c h e n g e b ä u d e s is t d ie fla c h e S ä u le n e in fa s s e n , W a n d p f e i l e r g lie d e rn d ie W ä n d e N is c h e , d ie d e n P o r t i k u s a u s f ü llt u n d in d e r sich in der r u h ig e m R h y th m u s . D ie D e c k e is t m it e in e r F r e s k e v e r z ie r t. Acta H ist. A r t. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 E in g a n g und e in g ro ß e s F e n s te r b e fin d e n . E in e n s o lc h e r a r t g e s t a l t e t e n P o r t i k u s f in d e n w ir 89 ЛLOIS PICHL IN l NGARN n ir g e n d w o in U n g a r n . D e r A r c h i t e k t v e r w e n d e te e in e ä h n lic h e L ö s u n g a u f d e r F a s s a d e n z e ic h n u n g , d ie e r z u m W e ttb e w e r b f ü r d ie W ie n e r J o h a n n N e p o m u k - K ir c h e im J a h r 1 8 3 8 e in r e ic h te . A u f d e r Z e ic h n u n g w ie d e rh o le n sic h s o g a r d ie W a n d p f e ile r und H a lb s ä u le n , w e lc h e e in z e ln e n die g ro ß e N is c h e u m fa s s e n . D ie K ir c h e v o n J o ls v a z e ig t z a h lr e ic h e Ä h n lic h ­ k e ite n m i t e in e r a n d e re n K irc h e P ic h ls in U n g a r n , d e r in E n y in g . A n n a Z á d o r n e n n t d ie K irc h e v o n J o ls v a »eines d e r b e d e u t e n d s t e n k irc h lic h e n B a u d e n k m ä le r in O b e r u n g a r n « .85 D ie D im e n s io n e n u n d Q u a l i t ä t e r ­ h e b e n sie u n t e r d ie e r s te n k la s s iz is tis c h e n K irc h e n des L an d es. Ih r B a u h e rr. F ü rst (1 7 8 5 — 1 8 5 1 ),80 S p ro ß fre m d e n F e rd in a n d e in e r von Coburg A r is to k r a te n f a m ilie U r s p r u n g s , w u r d e e r s t 1827 » e in g e b ü r­ g e rt« . E r w a r k . k . G e n e r a l l e u t n a n t u n d B e fe h ls ­ h a b e r e in e s K a v a lle r ie re g im e n ts . Die K irch e von E n y in g (1 8 3 8 — 1841 ) Ü b e r d e n B a u d e r r ö m is c h - k a th o lis c h e n K irc h e v o n E n y in g zu E h re n v o n S a n k t J o h a n n N ep o m u k ( K o m i t a t F e jé r ) b e r ic h te t d ie H i s t ó r i a D o m u s d e r /Ibl). 27. I n n e n a n s i c h t d e r K irc h e in J o l s v a P f a r r e a u s f ü h r lic h .87 D a n a c h h a t t e b e r e its F ü r s t L a jo s B a t t h á n y v o r, ein e K ir c h e b a u e n zu la s s e n , v o n T a t a , Georg H a n a u e r, f ü r d ie L e itu n g d e r B a u ­ d o c h b lie b d ie R e a lis ie ru n g s e in e m S o h n P h ilip p a u s f ü h r u n g v e r a n t w o r t l i c h .91 B a t t h y á n y . D e r S c h u tz h e r r lie ß d e n G ru n d s te in P ic h ls D a r s t e l l u n g e n t s p r i c h t w e s e n tlic h d e m A r b e it d e s W ie n e r B a u m e is te r s W ilh e lm P ic h l u n d r e a lis ie r te n Z u s t a n d , a u s g e n o m m e n d e n P o r tik u s . A u f d e m k le in e n A q u a r e ll w ird die H a u p t f a s s a d e d e s E n y in g e r s F r a n z V a jth a « — l a u t e t die z e itg e ­ in e in e r F lä c h e g e h a lte n . D iese t a u s c h t e P ic h l g e w iß n ö s s is c h e N o tiz — , u n d m it e in e m K o s te n a u f w a n d a u f W u n s c h d es B a u h e r r n g eg en e in e n a n s p r e c h e n ­ am 16. J u l i 1838 le g e n . »M it d e r a u s d a u e r n d e n v o n h u n d e r t t a u s e n d G u ld e n w u r d e d ie K ir c h e in d e re n , a u s s e c h s to s k a n is c h e n S ä u le n g e s t a l t e t e n d re i J a h r e n a u f g e b a u t, d ie W e ih u n g f a n d am 16. P o rtik u s M ai 1841 s t a t t . D ie A lt a r b i l d e r w u r d e n v o n d e n v e r z ie r t m it d e m P a lla d io - M o tiv , d a s P ic h l so g e rn W ie n e r M e is te rn C a rl M a u r e r , F r ie d r ic h S c h ilk e r h a t t e . D e r lä n g lic h e , to n n e n g e w ö lb te , m i t D e c k e n ­ u n d V . Z im e r m a n n g e m a lt. D ie H i s t ó r i a D o m u s e r w ä h n t e in e n W ilh e lm aus. D arü b er e rh e b t s ic h der T u rm , k a s s e t t e n v e r s e h e n e I n n e n r a u m is t m i t e in e r , e b e n ­ fa lls k a s s e t t e n b e d e c k t e n A p sis a b g e s c h lo s s e n . D ie P ic h l, w a s o ffe n s ic h tlic h e in e V e r s c h r e ib u n g w a r. z e itg e n ö s s is c h e B e s c h r e ib u n g e rw ä h n t, daß die W ir k e n n e n k e in e n W ie n e r A r c h i t e k t e n n a m e n s ä u ß e r e F a r b e d e s G e b ä u d e s »ein L ic h tg e lb w a r, W ilh e lm P ic h l, u n d d ie N a m e n s v e r w e c h s lu n g d ü r f t e d e r U n s ic h e r h e it u m d e n V o r n a m e n P ic h ls F a r b e d e r I n n e n w ä n d e sei a b e r z u g e s c h r ie b e n w e rd e n .88 D e r e in d e u tig e B ew eis f ü r g e w e s e n , w ä h r e n d » a u f d em ä h n lic h u n t e r m a l t e n d a s m a n a u f e d le r e n n e u e n G e b ä u d e n s ie h t« , die e in h e lle s L ila P ic h ls A u to r s c h a f t b e s t e h t d a r i n , d a ß d ie K irc h e G e w ö lb e in d ie l e b h a f t r o s a r o te n Q u a d r a t e k ü n s t ­ v o n E n y i n g m it zw ei A b b ild u n g e n u n t e r d e n ö f te r le ris c h e r w ä h n t e n A q u a re lle n d es A r c h i t e k t e n f ig u r i e r t 89 u n d d a ß sie in d ie se m F a ll a u c h e r h a l t e n g e b lie h e n b r a c h t w o rd e n s e ie n .92 s i n d .90 F ra n z Vojta ( V a jth a ) w a r h e r r s c h a f tlic h e r d ie s c h ö n s te n B a u m e is te r d e r F a m ilie B a t t h y á n y in K ö n n e n d t r ä g t d ie M e r k m a le d e s re ife n K la s s iz is m u s . D ie u n d w a r , v ie lle ic h t z u s a m m e n m it d e m B a u m e is te r m o n u m e n ta le B a u m a s s e h a t ein e w o h lp r o p o r tio - g e z e ic h n e te b u n te R o s e n -S te rn e « ange­ D a s K ir c h e n g e b ä u d e v o n E n y in g g e h ö r t u n t e r P r o v in z ia lk ir c h e n in .Irin Hist. U n g a rn . írt. Hung. T om us 211, 19H2 Sie 90 J. SISA A bb. 28. H a u p t f a s s a d e d e r K ir c h e in E n y in g . A q u a re ll v o n A lo is P ic h l n i e r t e G lie d e ru n g , d ie D e t a i l s s in d fe in b e a r b e i t e t fe n J o h a n n K e g le v ic h . D ie E in w o h n e r s c h a f t des a u s g e fü h rt. e in e D o rfes w a r g r ö ß t e n t e i l s k a lv in is tis c h , d e s h a lb h a t t e f la c h e H a u p tf a s s a d e , d ie j e n e r v o n J o ls v a ä h n e l t , K e g le v ic h . d e m d ie A n g e le g e n h e it d e r rö m is c h e n D ie u r s p r ü n g lic h e Id e e P ic h ls , a n z u w e n d e n , h ä tte d e n s tre n g e n , g e o m e tr is c h e n K irc h e z u H e rz e n g in g , k a th o lis c h e L e ib e ig e n e C h a r a k t e r d e s G e b ä u d e s g e s te ig e r t. D ie n a c h d e m a n g e s ie d e lt u n d m it d e m R e lig io n fo n d s z u s a m m e n , v e r ä n d e r t e n P la n e r b a u t e S ä u le n h a lle b ild e t a b e r 1806 ein e r ö m is c h - k a th o lis c h e P f a r r e g e s t i f t e t .94 e in e n a n g e n e h m e n G e g e n s a tz z u d e n e c k ig e n , f l a ­ 1844 b e g a n n tie r G r a f a u f d e n B a u d e r h ie s i­ c h e n S e ite n f a s s a d e n . Ü b r ig e n s s in d die a n b e id e n g en P f a r r k ir c h e z u d r ä n g e n .90 D e n B a u s o llte d e r E n d e n d e r S e ite n fa s s a d e v o r s p r in g e n d e n R is a lite S t a t t h a l t e r r a t a u s f ü h r e n , e r s e lb s t b o t als S c h u tz ­ u n d d a s in d e r M itte a n g e b r a c h t e h a lb k r e is f ö r m ig e h e r r 100 000 S t ü c k Z ie g e l, d ie n o tw e n d ig e n D a c h ­ F e n s t e r s c h o n v o n d e r K ir c h e in J o ls v a b e k a n n t . zieg el, f e r n e r d a s H o lz z u m G lo c k e n g e s te ll a n . Im F ü r s t P h ilip p B a tth y á n y (1 7 8 1 — 1 8 7 0 ),M B a u - J u n i d ieses J a h r e s in f o r m ie r te e r P ic h l ü b e r die u n d S c h u t z h e r r d e r K ir c h e , f ü h r t e m e h re re h o h e M ö g lic h k e it d e s K ir c h e n b a u e s u n d T ite l. O b w o h l e r » s tä n d ig in W ie n w o h n te « , w a r die to p o g r a p h is c h e n e r v o n s e in e r F re ig e b ig k e it, a ls F ö r d e r e r d e r h e im i­ te ilte ih m a u c h m it, d a ß in d e r N ä h e k e in e B a u ­ s c h e n W is s e n s c h a fte n u n d d e s G e w e rb e s b e k a n n t . s te in e z u f in d e n s e ie n — m a n m ü s s e a lso m it Z ie ­ m a c h te k u rz G e g e b e n h e ite n b e k a n n t . E r gel b a u e n — u n d d e r S t a t t h a l t e r r a t , u m d ie K o s te n Der Plan zu r K irche van S a jó vá m o s (1 8 4 4 ) S a jó v á in o s ges P o rta l b a u e n la s s e n w olle u n d d e n T u r m a u c h B o r s o d - A b a u j- Z e m p lé n ; n ie d rig e r g e s t a l t e t w is s e n m ö c h te . I m J u l i s c h ic k t e h e m a ls K o m i t a t B o rs o d ) w a r in d e r e r s te n H ä l f t e K e g le v ic h d e m A r c h i t e k t e n d e n S i t u a tio n s p la n d es d e s v e r g a n g e n e n J a h r h u n d e r t s im B e s itz d e s G r a ­ G e b ie ts ,96 im A u g u s t b e k o m m t e r s c h o n d ie fe r ti- Irlo H ist. (K o m ita t z u v e r m in d e r n , w e d e r S ä u le n , n o c h e in k o s ts p ie li­ Irl. Ншщ. Tom Ui 2«, 19Я2 91 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN gen P l ä n e .97 I h m g e fa lle d e r P l a n , s c h r e ib t e r, d o c h i s t . 99 D ie B l ä t t e r t r a g e n P ic h ls S i g n a t u r , d ie K i r ­ seh e e r b e s t ü r z t , d a ß P ic h l S ä u le n a n d e r F a s s a d e c h e , d ie d a r a u f z u s e h e n is t, e n t s p r i c h t d e n B e ­ g e p la n t h a b e . S e in e r M e in u n g n a c h , w e rd e d e r s c h r e ib u n g e n v o n K e g le v ic h u n d a u f d e r F a s s a d e S t a t t h a l t e r r a t d e s w e g e n d e n P l a n n ic h t a n n e h m e n , lie s t m a n d ie J a h r e s z a h l 1 845, d e n Z e i t p u n k t des w eil e r in d e r m ö g lic h s t e in f a c h s te n , b illig s te n F o r m b a u e n la s s e n w o lle. D e r T u r m h e lm a b e r sei f la c h , B a u e n s , d e n sic h P ic h l v o r s te llte . D a s G e b ä u d e a u f d e n P lä n e n s t i m m t m it d e r d a s w e rd e d e m e r s te n P l a n v a r i a n t e f ü r die K irc h e v o n E n y in g ü b e r ­ A m t g e w iß g e fa lle n , w eil es so e in , also a b g e s e h e n v o m P o r tik u s a u c h m i t d em w e n ig e r k o s te . D e r S t a t t h a l t e r r a t g e n e h m ig te s c h lie ß lic h d e n v e r w ir k lic h te n B a u . A u ß e r d e n so w ie so z u fä llig e n B a u u n d b e f ö r d e r te am 2 1 . A p r il 1846 d ie S a c h e k le in e re n d e k o r a t i v e n D e ta ils b e s t e h t d e r U n t e r ­ a n d ie O b e r - L a n d e s - B a u d ir e k tio n w e ite r, w o m a n ein J a h r s p ä te r , im A p ril 1 8 4 7 , in d e r A n g e le ­ s c h ie d n u r d a r i n , d a ß a u f d e m P la n v o n S a jó v á m o s g e n h e it n a n n t e ü b r ig e n s g e w iß d ie k r ä f tig e n W a n d p f e ile r d e r K irc h e v o n S a jó v á m o s M a ß n a h m e n t r a f . 98 N a c h d e r N o tiz im E i n t r a g e b u c h e n th i e l t d ie A k te 7 P lä n e u n d 10 S c h r if ts tü c k e . Z u r R e a ­ lis ie ru n g is t es tr o t z d e m d ie S e ite n f a s s a d e n k e in e R is a lite h a b e n . K e g le v ic h d e r F a s s a d e S ä u le n ; e r n a n n t e a llg e m e in a lle S t ü t ­ z e n z u s a m m e n f a s s e n d S ä u le n . n ic h t g ek o m m en , w a h r­ D e r F a ll d e r K ir c h e v o n S a jó v á m o s b e w e is t, s c h e in lic h w e g e n d e r g e s c h ic h tlic h e n E re ig n is s e in d a ß P ic h l v o n s e in e n f r ü h e r e n P lä n e n K o p ie n a u f ­ b e w a h r te , die e r g e le g e n tlic h w ie d e r b e n ü t z t e . W ie d e n J a h r e n 1 8 1 8 — 19. I n d e m e r z b is c h ö flic h e n A rc h iv v o n E g e r ( E r la u ) w ir s a h e n , h a t a u c h N o b ile d a s s e lb e V e r f a h r e n im ( S a jó v á m o s g e h ö r t z u r D iö z e se v o n E g e r) is t ein e F a ll d es g o tis c h e n P la n s e r ie v o n 7 S tü c k e n a u f g e t a u c h t , d ie z w e ife l­ P e n z in g a n g e w e n d e t. G le ic h z e itig is t es a b e r in ­ los m it d e n e in g e r e ic h te n P l ä n e n P ic h ls id e n tis c h t e r e s s a n t u n d c h a r a k t e r i s t i s c h , d a ß P ic h l 1 8 4 4 , in G la s h a u s e s in K is ta p o lc s á n y - Abb. 29. S e ite n fa s s a d e d e r K ir c h e in E n y in g . A q u a r e ll v o n A lo is P ic h l Irin H in t . Irt. H u t l f í. T i I« 28, IW. 92 .1. S ISA Abb. 30. V o r d e r a n s ic h t d e r K irc h e in E n y in g d e n J a h r e n d e r v o r d r in g e n d e n R o m a n tik , u n v e r ­ E n g e ls - P la tz im 5. B e z irk ) als S te lle d e s s t ä n d i ­ ä n d e r t e in e n s tr e n g k la s s iz is tis c h e n P la n f ü r d e n g e n G e b ä u d e s f ü r d a s P a r l a m e n t , d a s a u s P re ß - B a u e in e r n e u e n K irc h e g e e ig n e t f a n d . A b g e s e h e n b u r g n a c h P e s t v e r le g t w e r d e n s o llte . I m J u n i d e s ­ vom s e lb e n J a h r e s w u r d e B e q u e m lic h k e its -S ta n d p u n k t, w irft es e in e in ö f f e n tlic h e r , g e h e im e r, L ic h t a u f d a s b e in a h e k o n s e r v a t i v e F e s th a lte n d es in te r n a t i o n a l e r W e t t b e w e r b m it d e m T e r m in 30. A r c h i t e k t e n a n d en k la s s iz is tis c h e n S til. N o v e m b e r a u s g e s c h r ie b e n . D ie s e r T e r m in w u rd e s p ä t e r u m e in J a h r v e r lä n g e r t. K e g le v ic h s te llte D as Preisausschreiben z u m bäude 1844 im R e c h s ta g 1 8 4 7 /4 8 d ie 42 e in g e r e ic h te n W e t t b e ­ P ester P a rla m entsge­ w e r b s e n tw ü r f e D as U m stände der T eiln a h m e A lo is P ic h l h a t a m W e t t b e w e r b 1844 z u m P e s t e r s e in e W e g e w ie d e r D iese w u rd e n in d e s s e n n ie E r e ig ­ n isse d e n B a u d e s P a r la m e n ts g e b ä u d e s v e r e ite lte n . P a r la m e n ts g e b ä u d e te ilg e n o m m e n . H ie r k r e u z te n s ic h v o r. b e u r te ilt, w eil d ie f o lg e n d e n h is to r is c h e n m it je n e n P ich l u n d K e g le v ic h s t a n d e n a u c h z u d ie se r G ra fe n Z e it in s tä n d ig e r V e r b in d u n g . D e r G r a f b e n a c h ­ J o h a n n K e g le v ic h . S ein G ö n n e r w a r P r ä s i d e n t d e s r i c h t i g t e d e n A r c h i t e k t e n im A p ril 1844 — also L a n d e s -A u s s c h u s s e s , d e r m i t d e r A b w ic k lu n g d e s w e it v o r d e m o ffiz ie lle n P r e is a u s s c h r e ib e n — ü b e r W e t t b e w e r b s b e t r a u t w a r .100 d e n k ü n f tig e n W e t t b e w e r b . E r t e ilte ih m a u c h die D e r A u s s c h u ß b e z e ic h n e te im den N euen icta H ist. M a rk t in der Irl. H u n g . 'litm u s 28. 1482 d es D ie P lä n e s in d v e rs c h o lle n . F r ü h lin g 1844 L e o p o ld s ta d t ( h e u te D im e n s io n e n d e s N e u e n M a r k te s m it, s p ä t e r s c h ic k t e r ih m d e n G r u n d r i ß d e s P la tz e s .101 A ls d a s P ro - 9.4 ALOIS PICHL IN’ ILNOAKN d es W e ttb e w e r b s v o m A u s s c h u ß a n d e r B e is p ie l P ic h l e n ts c h ie d e n : »Sie h a b e n m ir so in S itz u n g v o m 2. J u n i z u s a m m e n g e s te llt w u rd e , v e r ­ d ie F e d e r d i c t i r t , w ie es in s P r o g r a m m k a m « , g e­ g ra m m s t ä n d i g t e r P ic h l a m s e lb e n T a g .102 P ic h l le is te te s e in e rs e its d e m A r is to k r a te n a u c h H ilfe . E s s c h e in t, als o b e r F a c h b e r a t e r b ei d e r F o r m u l i e r u n g d es W e ttb e w e r b s p r o g r a m m s g e w e ­ s t a n d ih m d e r G r a f .lo;! D e r A r c h ite k t v e r s p r i c h t ih m a u c h , »das P r o g r a m m d es K ö n ig s v o n B a y e r n « z u ü b e r s e n d e n , d a s m a n in d e r S itz u n g d e s A u s ­ sc h u s s e s b e n ü tz e n k ö n n e .104 E s h a n d e lt s ic h o f f e n ­ se n w ä r e , w e il, w ie es K e g le v ic h b e m e r k t , d e r A u s ­ s ic h tlic h v o n irg e n d e in e m g rö ß e re n B a u d e s K ö n ig s s c h u ß n i c h t a u s A r c h ite k te n b e s t a n d . U b e r d e n L u d w ig I . v o n B a y e r n . P ic h l e rle d ig te d ie P u b l i k a ­ M a ß s ta b d e r e in z u r e ic h e n d e n P la n r is s e h a t z u m tio n d e s P r e is a u s s c h r e ib e n s in d e r W ie n e r - Z e i- Abb. 31. I n n e n a n s i c h t d e r K ir c h e in E iiy in g Acta Hist. Art. H ung. Tom us 28, 1982 J. SISA 04 te n F o r m .111 K e g le v ic h b e s t ä t i g t es m i t F r e u d e n u n d e r s u c h t P ic h l, s o b a ld a ls m ö g lic h d ie fe rtig e n P lä n e u n d d e n K o s te n a n s c h la g d e m V e r w a lte r se i­ nes W ie n e r H a u s e s zu ü b e r s e n d e n m it d e m v e r s ie ­ g e lte n K u v e r t , w e lc h e s d ie D e v 's e e n t h ä l t . D ie a u s g e a r b e i t e t e n P lä n e w e r d e n z w a r v iel s p ä te r e n t s t a n d e n se in , d o c h s e n d e t P ic h l sc h o n M itte A u g u s t d ie s e s J a h r e s K e g le v ic h ein E x e m ­ p la r des K o n z e p ts der w e its c h w e ifig e n B aube­ s c h re ib u n g . D e r G r a f b e s s e rt e in ig e o r to g r a p h is c h e F e h le r a u s u n d f ü g t a n e in e r S te lle a u c h d a s W ö r t ­ c h e n »von« e in ,112 w a h r s c h e in lic h w a r d ie d e u ts c h e S p r a c h k e n n tn is d e s A r c h i t e k t e n ita lie n is c h e r A b ­ s ta m m u n g n i c h t ta d e llo s . Ü b r ig e n s f a n d P ich ls E r l ä u t e r u n g ü b e r d ie v e r s c h ie d e n e n S tilte n d e n z e n des G ra fe n G e fa lle n . A u c h s p ä t e r le i s t e t d e r G ra f ih m n o c h ö f t e r H ilfe : E r ü b e r s e t z t ih m d ie am G e b ä u d e a n z u b r in g e n d e n I n s c h r i f t e n in s U n g a r i­ s c h e ,113 e r w ä h l t d a s T h e m a d e r D e c k e n f r e s k e n im » P r a c h t- S a a l« .114 E n d lic h , d a g e h e im e n D e v is e W e ttb e w e rb g e w ä h lt es sich um h a n d e lt, m uß a u c h ein e ein en w e rd e n . P ic h l e r b i t t e t a u c h d a r ­ in die M e in u n g d e s G ra fe n . D a r in ta t er g en s se h r w o h l, w eil e r z u e r s t a n » L e o p o ld ü b r i­ I P 0« d a c h te , w a s g le ic h z e itig s e in e a u lis c h e n G e fü h le u n d sein e U n e r f a h r e n h e i t in d e n S a c h e n d es u n ­ Abb. 32. P la n v o n A lois P ic h l z u r K irc h e in S a jó v á m o s : Z e ic h n u n g d e r F u n d a m e n t e g a ris c h e n p o litis c h e n L e b e n s s p ie g e lt.113 K e g le v ic h p r o p o n ie r t ih m d ip lo m a tis c h e in e D e v is e , d ie m it d e r K u n s t in Z u s a m m e n h a n g s te h e . S c h lie ß lic h f ä llt d ie W a h l P ic h ls a u f d ie D e v is e »A equa Pot u n g , 105 u n d K e g le v ic h b e a u f t r a g t e ih n a u c h m it d e r B e s c h a ffu n g d e r U n t e r s c h r i f t ein es W ie n e r testas «, H o fra ts , a k a d e m is c h e n D ip lo m s « . D a m i t i s t d e r G r a f e in ­ d ie z u r A b w ic k lu n g des W e ttb e w e r b s n o tw e n d ig w a r .106 S p ä t e r , 1 8 4 6 , ü b e rg a b e r d e m G r a f e n e in e » A n leitu n g « z u r B e u r te ilu n g d e r e in ­ a u f d ie In s c h rift s e in e s S ie g e lrin g e s ,110 w ie e r s p ä t e r s c h r e i b t : »das I n s ig e l m e in e s r ö m is c h ­ v e r s ta n d e n . N a c h dom A u s w e is d es D a tu m s d e r b e ig e le g te n g e r e ic h te n P lä n e .107 P ic h l m a c h te sich a u c h d a r a n , sein en e ig e n e n B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g W e ttb e w e r b s e n tw u r f a n z u f e r t i g e n . D er G r a f b e ­ d e n E n t w u r f e in g e s c h ic k t h a t t e , lie ß e r z u s e in e m n a c h r i c h t i g t e ih n ö fte rs a u s f ü h r l i c h ü b e r die P e s t e r , P la n ein M o d ell v e r f e r tig e n , d e s s e n V e rz ie ru n g e n b z w . u n g a r is c h e n B a u s to f f e u n d A rb e its lö h n e , u m a u s E lfe n b e in w a r e n . E r b o t d a s M o d ell d e r N a tio n d em n o c h v o r d e r F ä llig k e it d es z w e ite n T e r m in s (30. A r c h ite k te n bei d e r Z u s a m m e n s te llu n g d e s b e e n d ig te P ic h l s e in e n W e tt­ b e w e r b s e n tw u r f im N o v e m b e r 1 844. N a c h d e m er K o s te n a n s c h la g s zu d e n P l ä n e n H ilfe zu l e is te n .108 N o v e m b e r 18 4 5 ) a ls G e s c h e n k a n .117 D e r P a la tin S o b a ld d ie e rs te n W e t t b e w e r b s e n tw ü r f e e in g e la u ­ J o s e f n a h m in s e in e m A n tw o r ts c h r e ib e n fen s in d , a v is ie r t K e g le v ic h P i c h l s o fo rt, e r m a c h t s c h e n k a n . u n d g a b d ie A n w e is u n g , es d e m k u rz d ie A r b e ite n e in ig e r A r c h i t e k t e n b e k a n n t u n ti fe n J o h a n n K e g le v ic h zu ü b e r g e b e n . D as n e n n t , o b w o h l es sich t h e o r e t i s c h v o n e in e m g e h e i­ M odell w u rd e w äh ren d des d a s G e­ G ra ­ R e ic h s ta g s m e n W e t t b e w e r b h a n d e l t e , d ie N a m e n e in ig e r B e ­ 1 8 4 7 /4 8 im P r e ß b u r g e r P r i m a t e n p a l a s t a u s g e s te llt. w e r b e r .100 Z u r B e r u h ig u n g t e i l t e r ih m a u c h m i t , D as d a ß d e r P e s t e r A r c h ite k t H ild n ic h t te iln e h m e , so K e g le v ic h w e rd e e r e in e n K iv a le n w e n ig e r h a b e n .110 v o m 29 . N o v e m b e r 1 8 4 7 , d a ß d a s M o d ell u n v e r ­ M a g n a te n h a u s h ie lt b e n a c h ric h tig t h ie r s e in e P ic h l in s e in e m S itz u n g e n . B rie f 1844, s e h r t a n g e k o m m e n sei u n d se in G e fa lle n g e fu n d e n s ic h e rlic h n u r in d e r e r s t e n , n o c h n ic h t d e t a illie r ­ h a b e .118 E s w e r d e in d e r V o rh a lle d e s P r i m a t e n - P ic h l v e r f e r tig t s e in e n A c ta H i s t. A r t . H u n g . T o m u s 2 8 , 1 9 8 2 P la n E n d e J u l i 95 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGAKN p a l a s t e s z u s e h e n se in , w o es n i c h t n u r die A r is to ­ k r a t e n , s o n d e r n a u c h d ie M itg lie d e r d es A b g e o rd ­ n e te n h a u s e s die h ie r o f t v e r k e h r e n , b e s ic h tig e n k ö n n e n . D a r ü b e r fre u e e r s ic h b e s o n d e rs , w eil d ie R e ic h s tä n d e s e h r g e rn e in P a r la m e n ts g e b ä u d e in P e s t e r b a u e n la s s e n m ö c h te n , u n d d ie A n w e is u n g la u te a u c h danach. E in ig e T a g e s p ä te r , a m 2. D e z e m b e r , w u r d e d a s M o d e ll a u s g e s te llt u n d h a b e n a c h d e r M e in u n g K e g le v ic h s e in g ro ß e s G e fa lle n g e f u n d e n .110 N a c h A lisc h lu ß d e r S itz u n g e n a m 19. A p ril 1848 w a n d te sich P ic h l in e in e m la n g e n B r ie f a n d e n G ra fe n I s t v á n S z é c h e n y i, M in is te r f ü r ö ffe n tlic h e A r b e ite n u n d V e r k e h r s w e s e n , b e tre ffs sein es W e t t ­ b e w e r b s e n tw u r f s . E r s ig n ie r te d e n B r ie f m it s e i­ n e m K e n n w o r t .120 S ein e h a lb u n g a r is c h e A b s t a m ­ m u n g b e to n e n d , (» d er l e t z t e S p ro ß e in e r S o m o g y i d i K o lo s v a r« ) b i e t e t e r s e in e D ie n s te z u m B a u d e s P a r la m e n ts g e b ä u d e s a n . G le ic h z e itig m ö c h te e r d a s p r u n k v o lle M odell dem U n g a r is c h e n N a tio n a l- m u s e u m s c h e n k e n . D a s M in is te riu m t e i l t ih m in s e in e m A n t w o r t s c h r e i b e n m i t , d a ß m a n d a s M o d el Abb. 34. P la n v o n A lois P ic h l z u r K irc h e in S a jó v á m o s : Q u e r s c h n it t d a n k e n d a n n e h m e , d ie P lä n e a b e r » s e in e rz e it b e ­ s o n d e r s b e a c h t e t w e rd e n « . N a c h d e r N ie d e r la g e d e s F r e ih e its k a m p f e s , am 18. N ovem ber 1849 e r k u n d i g t sic h P ic h l A r c h iv a r des L a n d e s a r c h iv s (» A rc h ív u m b eim R eg n i« ) ü b e r d a s S c h ic k s a l s e in e s W e t t b e w e r b s e n t w u r f s .121 E r e r z ä h lt, d a ß e r a n d e n p r ä c h tig a u s g e f ü h r te n P l ä n e n b e in a h e s e c h s M o n a te la n g s t ä n d i g g e a r ­ b e i t e t u n d 4 — 5 Z e ic h n e r b e s c h ä f tig t h a b e . D ies a lle s k o s te ih m 4 5 0 G u ld e n in K o n v e n tio n s m ü n z e . F ü r d a s M o dell h a b e e r 4 0 0 G u ld e n a u s g e z a h lt. E r w ir f t d e n G e d a n k e n e in e r e v e n tu e lle n E n t s c h ä ­ d ig u n g o d e r ir g e n d e in e r a n d e r e n L ö s u n g a u f. D e r A r c h iv a r k a n n ih m d a r a u f k e in e A u s k u n f t g e b e n . V o n d e n e in g e r e ic h te n P lä n e n h a t t e m a n 1850 e in e L is te v e rfe rtig t. D a m a ls w ar der P la n P ic h ls n o c h v o r h a n d e n , d o c h m e ld e te s ic h d e r A r c h ite k t n ic h t m e h r in d ie s e r S a c h e . S p ä t e r sin d a lle W e ttb e w e r b s e n tw ü r f e v e r lo r e n g e g a n g e n , so Abb. 33. P la n v o n A lo is P ic h l z u r K irc h e in S a jó v á m o s : S c h n itte d e r S to c k w e rk e a u c h P ic h ls P l a n a u s 16 B l ä t t e r n . Ü b e r d e n b le ib des M o d ells w is s e n w ir a u c h n ic h ts . V e r­ Acta H ist. A rt. H ung. Tom us 28, 1982 96 J . S ISA Ibi). 115. P l a n v o n A lois P ic h l « u r K irc h e in S a jó v á m o s : L ä n g s s c h n itt Die O riginal-B aubeschreibung V or e in ig e n Ja h re n is t d ie O r ig in a l- B a u b e ­ s c h r e ib u n g z u d e n P lä n e n in ein e ö f f e n tlic h e S a m m ­ lu n g g e l a n g t .122 A u f g r u n d d ie s e r B e s c h r e ib u n g k a n n m a n P ic h ls g e p la n te s G e b ä u d e g r ö ß te n te ils r e k o n s tr u ie r e n . F ü r u n s is t je d o c h d ie th e o r e tis c h e E r ö r t e r u n g w e n ig s te n s eb e n so w ic h tig , w o rin P ich l se in e A n s ic h te n ü b e r A r c h i t e k t u r z u s a m m e n f a ß t und d ie e in e D a r s te llu n g se in e s k ü n s tle r is c h e n C h a r a k te r s , so w ie s e in e r S c h u lu n g g ib t. A us ein e s dem S c h r e ib e n A rc h ite k te n tritt d ie a k a d e m is c h e r P e r s ö n lic h k e it S c h u lu n g und E in s te llu n g e n tg e g e n , d ie in d e r k la s s iz is tis c h e n B a u th e o r ie u n d A r c h ite k tu r g e s c h ic h te s e h r b e w a n ­ d e r t is t u n d b e s t i m m t e A n s ic h te n a u c h ü b e r die z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n S tilte n d e n z e n h a t . E r b e k e n n t s ic h s e lb s t als u n e r s c h ü t t e r l i c h e n A nhänger des » G rie c h is c h -R ö m is c h P a lla d ia n i­ s c h e n B a u s ty ls « . D a r u n t e r v e r s t e h t e r d ie k la s s i­ sc h e B a u f o r m m i t S ä u le n o r d n u n g e n v o n d e r A n ­ tik e b is z u m 19. J a h r h u n d e r t in d e r e u r o p ä is c h e n A rc h ite k tu r. Ih re U rs a c h e is t e in e r s e its in d en h is to r is c h e n T r a d i t i o n e n , a n d e r s e its in g e lä u te r ­ te n , in F o r m e ln f a ß b a r e n R e g e ln , in d e r Ä s th e tik d ie s e r S ti l t e n d e n z zu s u c h e n . A bb. 36. P la n vo n Alois P ic h l z u r K ir c h e in S a jó v á m o s : H a u p tfa ss a d e Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 D ie s e r k la s s is c h in s p ir ie r te S til, w ie e r s c h r e ib t, h a b e s e it v ie le n J a h rh u n d e rte n d ie b lü h e n d s te n 97 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN Abb. 37. P l a n v o n A lo is P ic h l z u r K ir c h e in S a jó v á m o s : S e ite n fa s s a d e E p o c h e n d e r A r c h i t e k t u r in s L e b e n g e ru fe n . S ein e d e r ö s te r r e ic h is c h e L a n d h a u s in W ie n e r b a u t , d a s R e g e ln s e ie n v o n V itr u v iu s u n d d e n g ro ß e n A r c h i­ ih m ein e ä h n lic h e A u fg a b e b o t. P ic h l w a n d t e a u c h te k te n a n d ie se m G e b ä u d e d ie k o lo ssa le S ä u le n o r d n u n g d e r R e n a is s a n c e , v o r a lle m v o m u n s te rb ­ lic h e n P a lla d io f o r m u lie r t w o rd e n . P ic h l b e z e ic h ­ n e t d ie le ite n d e n G r u n d p r in z ip ie n d e r g u te n A r c h i­ t e k t u r m it d e r T e rm in o lo g ie d e s V itr u v iu s : » S c h ö n ­ h e it, B e q u e m lic h k e it u n d . . . S o lid itä t« , M a s e ig e n t­ lic h d e m k la s s is c h e n D r e ie r p r in z ip V e n u s ta s - U tilit a s - F i r m i t a s e n ts p r ic h t. D ie A n o r d n u n g d e r B a u ­ m a s s e m ü s s e d u rc h » E u rith m ie « u n d » S y m e trie « b e ­ s t i m m t w e r d e n . D ies sin d in e in e m s o lc h e n K o n t e x t e b e n f a lls B e g riffe d e s V i t r u v i u s . D ie P r o p o r tio n e n w ü r d e n v o n a r ith m e tis c h - g e o m e tr is c h b e g r ü n d e te n P r in z ip ie n g e re g e lt, d a n e b e n sei j e d e m in u z iö s e V e r z ie r u n g ü b e rflü s s ig . D a s re in e , e b e n m ä ß ig g e ­ g lie d e r te G e b ä u d e sei in s ic h s e lb s t v o llk o m m e n u n d w ir k e im p o s a n t. Ü b rig e n s is t d ie ü b e r w ä l t i ­ gende E r s c h e in u n g ein e s t ä n d i g w ie d e r k e h r e n d e I d e e v o n P ic h l, s e in e r M e in u n g n a c h soll e in G e ­ b ä u d e , b e s o n d e rs e in w ic h tig e s ö ffe n tlic h e s G e ­ b ä u d e , e in M o n u m e n t f ü r a lle Z e ite n sein . E r v e r u r t e i l t d ie v o m k la s s is c h e n a b w e ic h e n ­ d e n m a u r is c h e n , g o tis ie r e n d e n e tc . S tilr ic h tu n g e n s e in e s Z e ita lte r s a ls V e r ir r u n g e n d es G e s c h m a c k s u n d a ls v e rg ä n g lic h e M o d e d e r w e n ig e r G e b ild e te n . D a s v o n ih m g e p la n te P a r l a m e n t s g e b ä u d e is t e in u m zw ei H ö fe g r u p p i e r t e r z w e is tö c k ig e r B a u , c h a r a k t e r i s i e r t v o n k la s s is c h e r F o r m g e b u n g u n d e in e m re ic h e n A u fw a n d m a n n ig f a ltig e r B a u s to ffe . Z u d ie s e r Z e it w u rd e n a c h s e in e n P lä n e n d a s N ie ­ 7 Abb. 38. P l a n v o n A lo is P ic h l z u r K ir c h e in S a jó v á m o s : Z e ic h n u n g d e s T u r m a b s c h lu s s e s Acta H ist. A rt. H ung. Тотиа 28, 198% 98 J . SISA a n , d ie — w ie im F a l l d e s g e p la n te n P e s t e r P a r l a ­ W ä re d a s P e s t e r P a r l a m e n t n a c h d e n P lä n e n m e n t s — a u f e in e m k r ä f t i g e n U n te r b a u s t e h t . N a c h P ic h ls s e in e r Ü b e r z e u g u n g k a n n W e rk . D e r s t r e n g k la s s iz is tis c h e S til d e s G e b ä u d e s w ü r d e v o lle E r s c h e i n u n g m a n e d le n E r n s t u n d n u r d u rc h d ie se M i t t e l e rb a u t w o r d e n , so w ä re es se in g r ö ß te s w ä re a lle rd in g s v e r s p ä t e t g e w e se n , d ie Z e ic h e n d es e r r e ic h e n . I n d e r B a u b e s c h r e i b u n g e r w ä h n t e r b e i G e s c h m a c k w e c h s e ls z e ig te n sic h s c h o n d a m a ls in der U n g a rn . E in b e r e d t e s Z e u g n is d a f ü r g ib t d ie g e ­ B esp rech u n g d e s ,,C a s s a -Z im m e rs “ , d a ß er ä h n lic h e R ä u m e b e r e i t s f ü r zw ei g ro ß e ö f f e n tlic h e s p a lte n e A u f n a h m e , d ie d e m e b e n 1844 f e r tig g e ­ G ebäude w o rd e n e n U n g a r is c h e n N a tio n a lm u s e u m , d e m b e ­ g e p la n t h a b e . S ic h e rlic h m e in te e r d a s N ie d e r ö s te r r e ic h is c h e L a n d h a u s Ö s te rre ic h is c h e S p a r k a s s e . und d ie E rs te d e u te n d s te n p r o f a n e n k la s s iz is tis c h e n ö f f e n tlic h e n G e b ä u d e U n g a r n s , z u te il w u rd e . E s is t le h r r e ic h z u b e o b a c h t e n , d a ß P i c h l , a ls e r d a s v o n ih m g e p l a n t e P a r l a m e n ts g e b ä u d e m i t a u s lä n d is c h e n B e is p ie le n in V e rb in d u n g b rin g t, Schloß N a g y u g ró c (1 8 4 4 — 1850) n i c h t u n t e r d e n z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n ö f fe n tlic h e n G e ­ b ä u d e n A n a lo g ie n f i n d e t , s o n d e r n in d e n k ö n i g ­ G ra f J o h a n n K e g le v ic h e n ts c h lo ß sic h geg en lic h e n R e s id e n z e n d e s B a r o c k s , w ie im ö s tlic h e n sein L e b e n s e n d e z u m B a u e in e s a n d e r e n p r ä c h t i ­ K o lo n n a d e n f lü g e l d e s L o u v r e o d e r im K ö n i g s p a l a s t g e n S ch lo sses in N a g y u g r ó c ( K o m i t a t B a r s ; h e u te V e k k é U h e rc e , T s c h e c h o s lo w a k e i), n i c h t w e it v o n v o n C a s e r ta b ei N e a p e l. I n b a ro c k e n I n s p i r a t i o ­ n e n , in ita lie n is c h e n T r a d i t i o n e n w u rz e lt d e r G e ­ d e m S ch lo ß K i s t a p o l c s á n y .123 Z u d ie s e r Z e it g e b a r d a n k e , d a ß a u f d em P a rla m e n ts g e b ä u d e S ta tu e n , ih m sein e z w e ite G e m a h lin e in e n S o h n , u n d d a m it a lle g o ris c h e F ig u r e n a n g e b r a c h t w e rd e n s o lle n . I n a u c h d ie se r e in e n , s e in e s R a n g e s w ü r d ig e n W o h n ­ d e r s p ä tk la s s is c h e n B a u k u n s t k o m m t ih re A n w e n ­ s itz h a lte , b e s c h lo ß e r. d a s S c h lo ß m itte la lte r lic h e n d u n g s e lte n v o r. U r s p ru n g s in P ic h l b e t o n t b e s o n d e r s , d a ß e r ein » p r a k tis c h e r K ü n s tle r « sei. I n s e in e r B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g b e s p r i c h t e r b e i d e r V o rs te llu n g d e s G e b ä u d e s a u c h die p r a k t i ­ s c h e n E in z e lh e ite n s t e t i g u n d a u s fü h rlic h , w ie d ie w a s ih m auch N ag y u g ró c um bauen z u la s s e n ,124 e in e g u te G e le g e n h e it b o t , sein e L e id e n s c h a ft f ü r d a s B a u e n a u s z u le b e n . K e g le v ic h k a u f t e d a s S c h lo ß m it d em dazu­ g e h ö rig e n G u t 1843 v o n d e r F a m ilie M a jlá th f ü r H e iz u n g , die L ü f tu n g , d ie B e le u c h tu n g , d ie lo g i­ 180.000 G u ld e n in K o n v e n tio n s m ü n z e . 125 D a s a lte sc h e A n o r d n u n g d e r R ä u m e u n d ih re le ic h te E r ­ r e ic h b a r k e it. G e b ä u d e m it v ie r E c k b a s t e i e n b e f a n d s ic h in e in e m s e h r v e r n a c h lä s s ig te n Z u s ta n d . D ie e in g e s tü r z te 4bb. 39. S c h lo ß O ro s z v á r n a c h d e n P l ä n e n v o n F r a n z B e e r 1 8 4 1 —4 4 e r b a u t Acta H ist, A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 99 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN 4bb. 40. I n n e re s D e ta il d e s S c h lo sse s O ro s z v á r B a s te i a m r e c h te n E n d e d e s H a u p tf a s s a d e n f lü g e ls w o llte s t D u n ic h t so g u t s e y n , u n d m ir e in S tü c k w a r m it e in e m S tr o h d a c h b e d e c k t.126 d e r C re n n e lliru n g d e in e s S ch lo sses a u s d e m P la n e D e r U m b a u d e s S c h lo sse s im g o tis ie re n d -ro - h e r a u s z e ic h n e n l a s s e n ? m ir g e fa lle n d ie T r a g s te in e m a n tis c h e n S til f a n d 1 8 4 4 — 50 n a c h d e n P lä n e n (S u p p o r ts ) d e r s e lb e n u n g e m e in , u n d ic h b in a m P ic h ls s t a t t . W ir k ö n n e n d ie P la n u n g , d e n G a n g B e g riffe a u f m e in S c h lo ß in U g ró c z e in e C re n n e lli­ d es B a u e n s , d ie O r g a n is a tio n d e r A r b e it a u f g r u n d r u n g a u f s e tz e n z u la s s e n u n d m ö c h te d ie s e A rt d e r B rie fe K e g le v ic h s S c h r i t t f ü r S c h r i t t v e r f o l­ v o n T r a g s te in e n l ie b e r a n w e n d e n la s s e n , als je n e g e n .127 K e g le v ic h b i t t e t a u c h n o c h d e n A r c h ite k te n B e e r u m R a t . 132 d ie m e in A r c h i t e k t w ä h lte sic h als p r im ä r e s V o r b ild P ic h l z e ic h n e te « . K e g le v ic h z u m B a u s e in e s S c h lo sse s in N a g y u g r ó c d a s S c h lo ß E r in f o r m ie r t P ic h l s t ä n d i g ü b e r d ie A r b e i t e n am O r o s z v á r ( K a r lb u r g ) B a u in O ro s z v á r u n d ü b e r d ie d o r t a n g e w a n d te n P o z s o n y ), b e e n d ig t E m anuel das eben bei P re ß b u rg Ende d es ( B r a tis la v a Ja h re s 1844 w u r d e .128 S e in B a u h e r r w a r d e r G r a f Z ic h y - F e r r a r is , e in V e r w a n d te r von K e g le v ic h , u n d d e r A r c h i t e k t w a r F r a n z B e e r. K e g le v ic h s c h ic k te P ic h l noch vor der A n­ K o n s tr u k tio n s - u n d F o r m lö s u n g e n m i t d e r B itte , d iese b e im ses ih m P la n e n N a g y u g ró c zum und b e im B a u e n d e s S c h lo s ­ z u b e a c h te n . I n O r o s z v á r g efiel B e is p ie l e in h ä n g e n d e s M o tiv a n der D e c k e e in e s S a a le s , n a c h d e sse n V o r b ild e r ä h n li­ f e r tig u n g d e r P lä n e d es S c h lo sse s N a g y u g r ó c im ch e M ai 1844 n a c h O r o s z v á r , d a m i t e r sic h im S c h lo ß , S c h lo ß e n tw e r f e n l i e ß ,133 in d a s W o h n z im m e r im d a s im M itte lr is a lit u n d in d e n a c h te c k ig e n B ib lio th e k ­ S til d e r e n g lis c h e n u m s c h a u t .128 D a n a c h G o tik e rb a u t w a r, l ä ß t e r ih m a u c h d a s B ild D e k o r a tio n e n d u r c h P ic h l in dem e ig e n e n s a a l in d e r B a s te i a n d e r lin k e n S e ite . 1844 D ie F ia le n d e s g o tis c h e n G la s h a u s e s in K is ta p o l- G ra fe n Z ic h y - c s á n y u n d e in e h ö lz e r n e K a s s e t t e n d e c k e in e in e in F e r r a r i s : 131 » Ic h h a b e a b e r e in e B i t t e a n D ic h : s e in e r S e ite n p a v illo n s b e z e ic h n e te K e g le v ic h a u c h des G ebäudes w e n d e t e r sic h 7* z u k o m m e n .130 Im b rie flic h an den O k to b e r ■1cta Hist. Art. H ung. T om us 28. 1982 100 J . SISA Abb. 41. S c h lo ß N a g y u g r ó c v o r d e m r o m a n t i s c h e n U m h a u . F a r b i g e L ith o g r a p h ie v o n F . W o lf a ls V o r b ild e r .134 D a s is t e in e g re ifb a re Illu s tra ­ u n g a ris c h e n P r a x i s gem äß g e h a n d e lt. A u s dem t i o n d e s P ro zesses, w ä h r e n d d e s s e n die n e u e , f r ü ­ C h a r a k te r d e r B ib lio th e k K e g le v ic h s k ö n n e n w ir h e r n u r b ei G a r te n b a u te n g e d u ld e te G o tik z u m S til d e r a r is to k r a tis c h e n S c h lö s s e r g ew o rd e n is t. d a r a u f s c h lie ß e n , d a ß sie irg e n d e in e R e is e b e s c h re i- D e r G ra f ließ m e h r e r e E le m e n te in d ie G e ­ b u n g m it S tic h e n z u r H ilfe g e n o m m e n h a b e n .138 K e g le v ic h , b e i d e m , es s c h e in t so, d e r H a n g z u r s t a l t u n g d e s I n te r ie u r s h in e in k o m p o n ie r e n , d ie in m itte la lte r lic h e n R o m a n t i k e r w a c h te , d a c h t e a u c h b e rü h m te n d a ra n , um w a re n der a u s lä n d is c h e n G ebäuden zu sehen (S c ld ö sse r F o n t a i n e b l e a u u n d B lo is). N a c h z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n e h e m a ls ein A lta r in B e s c h re ib u n g b e fa n d sic h der K a p e lle ( s e ith e r v e r ­ n i c h t e t ) n a c h dem V o r b ild das S c h lo ß e in e n W asserg rab en e in ­ r ic h te n u n d a m T o r e in F a l l g i t t e r u n d e in e Z u g ­ b rü c k e a n b r in g e n z u la s s e n .130 A b e r a u s sch en E rw ä g u n g e n gab er es s p ä t e r p ra k ti­ a u f. D ie e in e s A lta rs in e in e r G e m a h lin d e s G r a f e n w o llte ein e K r y p t a e r b a u e n S e ite n k a p e lle d e r S a n Z a c c a r ia - K ir c h e in V e n e ­ la s s e n ,140 o b w o h l sie in N a g y u g ró c , e in e m n e u e r- d ig .135 K e g le v ic h s te llte s ic h d ie A n s tre ic h e re i d es w o rb e n e n G u t, n ie m a n d e n h ä t t e n b e s t a t t e n k ö n ­ S c h lo s s e s in ro te n u n d w e iß e n F a r b e n v o r, wie b e i d e r nen. M a d o n n a d e ll’O rto K ir c h e e b e n f a lls in V e n e d ig .136 r u f e n d es m e la n c h o lis c h - m y s tis c h e n V e r g ä n g lic h k e it d ie n e n so llen . D a s G e b ä u d e w u rd e s c h lie ß lic h g ra u . D ie G ru ft h ä tte w ohl m ehr zum W ach­ G e fü h ls d e r D ie z e itg e n ö ssisc h e B e s c h r e i b u n g e r w ä h n t, d a ß V iele V o r s te llu n g e n d es a r i s t o k r a t i s c h e n E h e ­ d e r h ö lz e rn e A u s s ic h ts tu r m , d e r sic h e h e m a ls a m p a a r s s in d s c h lie ß lic h d o c h r e a lis ie r t w o r d e n . E in e E n d e d e s r e c h te n S e ite n f lü g e ls e r h o b , w ie a u c h d e r I d e e d es G ra fe n w a r z u m B e isp ie l d e r n i c h t m e h r H a u p t e i n g a n g n a c h e in e m e n g lis c h e n K u p f e r s tic h v o r h a n d e n e 7 K l a f t e r h o h e h ö lz e rn e A u s s ic h ts tu r m , im E lis a b e th e n - S til e n t w o r f e n w o rd e n s e ie n .137 d e n sie a m E n d e d e s r e c h te n F lü g e ls a n b r in g e n D e r A r i s t o k r a t u n d s e in A r c h i t e k t h a b e n b e i d e r lie ß e n .141 A u f W u n s c h d e r G rä fin v e r le g te B e n ü t z u n g V e rv ie lfä ltig e r V o r la g e n o d e r M u s te r ­ d e n H a u p te in g a n g b ü c h e r, le v ic h ließ in der z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 e u ro p ä is c h e n und P ic h l in d e n r e c h te n F lü g e l.142 K e g ­ z a h lr e ic h e n F ä lle n d ie P lä n e des 101 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN A r c h ite k te n m o d ifiz ie re n u n d v e r e in f a c h e n ,143 die D ie Z u s a m m e n a r b e it d e s A r c h i t e k t e n u n d des in B a u h e r r n w ird d u r c h d e n F a ll g u t i l l u s t r i e r t , als im K is ta p o lc s á n y — sic h a u f d ie k le in s te n D e ta ils S e p te m b e r 1845 P ic h l z u d e n T ü r e n d e r S ä l e T ü r r a h - ü b rig e n s — w ie im F a lle d es S c h lo ß b a u e s e r s tr e c k te n , w ie z. B . d ie F ia le n d e r F a s s a d e , d ie m e n u n d F lü g e l in zw e i V a r ia n te n p la n te . D a r a u s h a t F e n s te r , d ie B e tä f e lu n g e n d e r S ä le , d ie p r ä c h tig e n K e g le v ic h die T ü r , d ie ih m g efiel, a u s g e w ä h lt, b e s s e r H o lz d e c k e n e t c .144 L e id e r is t v o n d e n z a h lre ic h e n g e s a g t » z u s a m m e n g e s e tz t« , d ie d a n n in m e h r e r e n P lä n e n P ic h ls k e in kom m en. e in z ig e r z u m V o rs c h e in ge­ E x e m p la r e n a n g e f e r t i g t w u r d e u n d h e u t e n o c h zu s e h e n is t. » G e s te rn a b e n d s e r h ie lt ic h I h r w e r th e s 466. 42. S c h lo ß N a g y u g r ó c n a c h d e m r o m a n t i s c h e n U m b a u . L ith o g r a p h ie v o n J . Z ü rn ic h •166. 43. N a g y u g r ó c , H a u p tf a s s a d e .Irin H ist. Art. Hung. T öm ve 28, 1982 102 J . S ISA h in te r e n F lü g e l d e s G e b ä u d e s w u r d e d ie K a p e lle 1847 e r b a u t , im fo lg e n d e n J a h r d e r A l t a r e r r ic h ­ t e t . I n d e r e r s te n H ä l f t e des J a h r e s 1 8 4 9 w a r K eg lev ic h s c h w e r k r a n k . A ber auch d ie E r e ig n is s e des F r e ih e its k a m p f e s h ie lte n v e r k e h r te n F r e ih e its k ä m p f e r h ie r die A r b e i t e n a u f. Ö fte r und k a is e r ­ lic h e s M ilitä r. A u s d e m J a h r 1850 h a b e n w ir n u r v o n w e n ig e n A r b e ite n N a c h r ic h t. K e g lc v ic h b e ­ m e r k t, b e in a h e u m V e rz e ih u n g b i t t e n d : »D ie H e r ­ r e n b a u e n in U n g a r n n ic h t, sie h a b e n k e in G e ld .« 140 In d e r z w e ite n H ä l f t e d es J a h r e s w ir d a u f der B a s te i, a m E n d e d e s r e c h te n S e ite n f lü g e ls ein h ö l­ zern er W a c h tu rm a u f g e s te llt. In d ie s e m Ja h re b r a c h t e m a n ü b e r d e m E in g a n g d a s F a m ilie n w a p ­ p e n m it d e r J a h r e s z a h l 1850 a n , d ie g e w iß d en A b s c h lu ß d e r B a u t e n b e z e ic h n e n s o llte . V o n d e n fo lg e n d e n J a h r e n s in d n o c h N a c h r ic h ­ t e n ü b e r k le in e r e A r b e ite n im I n n e r n e r h a lte n , a b e r d ie e ig e n tlic h e B a u t ä t i g k e i t w a r a b g e s c h lo s ­ sen. D e r g o tis ie r e n d e U m bau hat d it' h in te r e n R ä u m e d e s S c h lo s s e s g a r n ic h t, o d e r k a u m b e r ü h r t . D ie B e s c h r e ib u n g v o n 1854 e r w ä h n t a u c h : »ein T e il is t n o c h n i c h t fe rtig « u n d s p r i c h t ü b e r »einen Abb. 44. N a g y u g r ó c , E in g a n g S c h r e ib e n v o m 24te d . s a m t d e n Z e ic h n u n g e n z u d e n T h ü r e n . — Sie g e f a lle n m ir se h r, ic h w ä h le sie a b e r allso g le ic h d ie № B . w e lc h e Sie m it R e c h t s a g e n , v ie l G o th is c h e r i s t , a ls die № A. j e d o c h g e f ä llt m ir d a s O b e r th e il m i t 2 . b e z e ic h n e t, u n d d ie B o r d ü r e m it № 3. b e z e i c h n e t , v o n d e r T h ü r e A . v ie l b e s s e r, n e h m e n w ir d a h e r d ie T h ü r-F lü g e l v o n d e r T h ü r e B . u n d d ie B o r d ü r e 2 . u n d O b e r th e il 3. v o n d e r T h ü r e A. — I c h s c h ic k e Ih n e n die Z e ic h ­ n u n g z u rü c k um sie in g rö ß e re n M a a ß s ta b zu z e ic h n e n « .14'1 D e n A n fa n g der H auarbeit k ö n n e n w ir in d e n J u l i 1844 se tz e n , als d ie R e s t e d e r re c h te n B a s te i d e s a l t e n G e b ä u d e s a b g e t r a g e n w u rd e n u n d m a n a n i h r e r S te lle F u n d a m e n t e z u r n e u e n B a s te i g r u b , d ie n o c h im seih en J a h r e b is z u m H a u p tg e s im s h o c h g e z o g e n w u rd e . I m f o l g e n d e n J a h r is t d e r B a u a n d e r H a u p tf a s s a d e d e s M i t te lr is a lits im G a n g e , g le ic h z e itig h a b e n die a lte n M a u e rn d e r lin k e n B a s t e i R is s e b e k o m m e n , d ie s e r T e il des G e b ä u d e s m u ß t e w ie d e r a u f g e b a u t w e r d e n . D as H a u p t t o r i s t a u c h s c h o n fe rtig . 1 8 4 6 w u r d e n g r ö ß te n te ils I n n e r a r b e i t e n a u s g e f ü h r t, so w u r d e n die F e n s t e r e in g e s e tz t, die p r u n k v o lle n g e s c h n itz te n H o lz d e k k e n a n g e b r a c h t u n d d ie K a m i n e a u fg e s te llt. Im Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 Abb. 45. N a g y u g ró c , F a ssa d e d e r S ch lo ß k a p e lle 103 ALOIS PICHL IN' UNGARN n o c h n ic h t e r b a u t e n F lü g e l d e s B u rg -S c h lo s s e s « .147 W ir le s e n n o c h 1 860, d a ß »vorn B lo c k d e s G e b ä u ­ d e s d re i T ü r m e h e r v o r r a g e n « .14s D ie B a s te i a m E n d e d es lin k e n F lü g e ls is t also n u r s p ä t e r fe r tig g e w o r­ d e n . U m d ie J a h r h u n d e r t w e n d e w a r d e r h ö lz e rn e W a c h tu r m am E n d e d e s r e c h te n F lü g e ls s c h o n n ic h t m e h r v o r h a n d e n .149 J o h a n n K eglevich h a t ebenso, w ie 20 J a h r e f r ü h e r , a u c h in N a g y u g r ó c d ie B a u t e n m it g r o ß e r G r ü n d lic h k e it u n d E if e r o r g a n is ie r t u n d die A u s ­ fü h ru n g k o n tr o llie r t. D er G ra f v e rm itte lte z w i­ s c h e n P iclil u n d d e m B a u m e is te r , b z w . d e n H a n d ­ w e rk e rn , o b z w a r d e r W ie n e r A r c h i t e k t ein ig e M ale a u c h s e lb s t d ie B a u t e n v o n N a g y u g r ó c b e s u c h te u n d p e rs ö n lic h m it d e n M e is te rn G e s p rä c h e f ü h r t e . P ich l s t a n d als B e a u f t r a g t e r K e g le v ic h s m it d e n W ie n e r M e is te rn , d ie f ü r d a s S c h lo ß von N agy­ u g ró c a r b e i t e t e n , in V e r b in d u n g . J o s e f C sásztka, e in e r d e r v ie le n B a u m e is te r a u s d e r F a m ilie C s á s z tk a (C sá sz k a ) in O b e r u n g a r n ,150 le ite te d ie B a u a u s f ü h r u n g , o b w o h l e r a u c h n ic h t s tä n d ig a m O r t Avar, w eil e r in d e r U m g e g e n d a u c h m it a n d e r e n B a u a r b e i t e n in V e r b in d u n g s t a n d . D ie M a urer a r b e i t e t e n u n t e r d e r L e itu n g e in e s Poliers a u s d e m b e n a c h b a r t e n M ä h re n . I h r e Z a h l w e e h 466. 47. N a g y u g r ó c , D e ta il d e s W o h n z im m e rs S e it e j e n a c h d e n z u v e r r i c h t e n d e n A r b e i t e n z w i ­ s c h e n zw ei u n d z w a n z ig . D ie S te in m e tz e n a u s d e r U m g e g e n d , Jo sep h flin n e r u n d F u g ert , lie f e r te n e in e n b e d e u t e n d e n T e il d e r b e h a u e n e n S te in e , d o c h v e r r i c h t e t e n a u c h a n d e r e S te in m e tz e n A r b e i t e n f ü r d a s S c h lo ß N a g y ­ u g ró c . M e h re re Z i m m e r m e is te r ( Joseph W ollek) u n d T is c h le r ( P a u l D o p p le r, D onay) a r b e i t e t e n m it ih r e n G esellen a m O rt. D och w irk te n bei der G e s ta ltu n g d e s I n n e r e n a u c h W ie n e r T is c h le r m it, so Joseph Schw ab, d e r d a s p r u n k v o lle g ro ß e F e n ­ s t e r im M i t t e l r i s a l i t a n f e r tig te A u f tr ä g e v o n tig e D e c k e im und auch a n d e re K e g le v ic h b e k a m .151 D ie p r ä c h ­ B ib lio th e k z im m e r is t g le ic h fa lls d a s W e rk e in e s W ie n e r T is c h le r m e is te r s (L a vigne ?), fe r n e r d ie e b e n fa lls a n s p ru c h s v o ll a u s g e ­ f ü h r t e D e c k e d e s W o h n z im m e r s m i t d e n D e k o r a ­ tio n e n d es V o r s p r u n g s , d ie im W i n t e r 1 8 4 5 — 46 a n g e f e r tig t u n d im F r ü h l i n g 1846 n a c h N a g y u g r ó c b e f ö r d e r t w u r d e n .152 D e r v ie ls e itig e A n to n B randi, » a c a d e m is c h e r B ild h a u e r« a u s (P re ß b u rg ), P ozsony m e h re re A u f t r ä g e 166. 46. N a g y u g ró c . T re p p e n h a u s der z w e ite n K e g le v ic h s , w ie d a s G e m a h lin des G ra fe n ü b e rn a h m W appen und den Acta Hist, Art, H ung, Totnus 28, 1982 104 J . SISA Abb. 48. N a g y u g r ó c , D e ta il d es W o h n z im m e r s A l t a r d e r S c h lo ß k a p e lle . E r nahm auch an der linie d e r W a n d f l ä c h e n e rh e b e n s ic h s e c h s F ia le n . P la n u n g H o lz s c h a lu n g d e r S äle D e n B a u b e k r ö n t e in p o ly g o n a le s , s te ile s Z e ltd a c h , t e i l , f e r t i g t e M öbel a n , s o w ie e in e n K r o n le u c h te r . o b e n m it e in e r b lu m e n fö rm ig e n V e r z ie r u n g . A lle ( W a h r s c h e in lic h d e n , d e r h e u t e n o c h im S p e is e ­ s a a l h ä n g t .) Ö ffn u n g e n d e r F a s s a d e sin d s p itz b o g ig . d e r p r ä c h tig e n D ie k le in e n R i t t e r f i g u r e n a u f d e m o b e re n G e ­ Im r e c h te n F lü g e l b e fin d e t sich d e r g le ic h fa lls a s y m m e tr is c h a n g e o r d n e te H a u p te in g a n g , der s im s d e s S p e ise sa a ls a u s g l a s i e r t e r T e r r a k o t t a w u r ­ sich ü b e r b e id e d e n in W a g r a m , in d e r N ä h e v o n W ie n (» W ag - Z w e id r itte l d e r g r o ß e n , s p itz b o g ig e n Ö ffn u n g ist r a m e r F a b rik « ) 153 f a b r i z i e r t . D ie S e ite n w ä n d e im m it e in e r z w e iflü g e lig e n h ö lz e rn e n T ü r , d e r O b e rte il S to c k w e rk e e r s t r e c k t . D a s u n t e r e B a d e z i m m e r d e r G rä fin im E r d g e s c h o ß w u r d e n m it m it e in e r, e b e n f a lls F lie s e n M a ß w e rk e n r e ic h a u s d e r P o rze lla n fa b rik in k l e i d e t . 154 D ie A n w e n d u n g v o n i s t e in n e u e r M o m e n t b e im H erend v e r- S e r ie n p r o d u k te n S c h lo ß b a u in N agy­ u g r ó c im G e g e n s a tz zu d e n , u n g e f ä h r z w a n z ig J a h r e f r ü h e r e n B a u t e n in K i s t a p o l c s á n y . S ä le w a r a u c h d as W e rk t e i l s W ie n e r , te ils e in h e i­ m is c h e r H a n d w e rk e r u n d F irm e n . S c h lo s s e s S c h ie ß s c h a rte n v e rs e ­ u m f a s s e n e in e n E in la g e m it a u s g e fü llt. D ie A r c h i t e k t u r d e r im ü b rig e n s c h lic h te n S e ite n ­ fa s s a d e n s t i m m t m i t j e n e r d e r H a u p t f a s s a d e ü b e r ­ e in . g en w ir in e in e n s p itz b o g ig e n k r e u z g e w ö lb te n T o r ­ w eg , lin k s ö f f n e t s ic h d a s T r e p p e n h a u s . I n der M itte d es h i n t e r e n F lü g e ls fin d e n w ir d ie K a p e lle . D ie F lü g e l des g r o ß a n g e le g te n (e tw a 5 0 x 5 0 m ), henen H o lz g e s c h n itz te n , W e n n w ir d u r c h d a s H a u p t t o r e i n t r e t e n , g e la n ­ D ie w e ite r e E i n r i c h t u n g u n d A u s s t a t t u n g d e r m i t v i e r E c k b a s te ie n u n d aus v e r z ie r te n In n e n h o f. D as Ih re F assad e z u m H o f w ird m i t e in e m s p itz ig e n G ieb el a b g e s c h lo s s e n u n d v o n zw e i P f e ile r n f l a n ­ k ie r t, d e n E i n g a n g b e k r ö n t ein e s e h r re ic h e M aß - n ie d r ig e E rd g e s c h o ß d e s e in s tö c k ig e n G e b ä u d e s w ir d v o m v ie l h ö h e re n , d o m in ie r e n d e n S to c k w e rk w e rk z ie ru n g . d u r c h e in D e r F lü g e l d e r d e n sic h d ie e h e m a lig e n W o h n r ä u m e , d ie p r u n k ­ H a u p t f a s s a d e w ird d u rc h e in e n a s y m m e tr is c h a n g e ­ v o lls te n S ä le d e s S c h lo sse s. D ie W ä n d e s in d m it G u rtg e s im s g e tre n n t. I m I . S to c k des H a u p tf a s s a d e n f lü g e ls b e f in ­ l e g t e n k r ä f t i g e n M itte lris a lit b e t o n t , d e s s e n G r u n d ­ H o lz s c h a lu n g e n b e k l e i d e t , die D e c k e n s in d g le ic h ­ r i ß - P r o j e k t i o n im g ro ß e n u n d g a n z e n e in e T r a p e z ­ fa lls a u s H o lz , d a r u n t e r m e h re re r e ic h g e s c h n itz te f o r m z e i g t . I n d e r M itte d e s I . S to c k s b e f in d e t sic h K a s s e tte n d e c k e n . I n m e h re re n S ä le n s t e h e n K a ­ e in r ie s e n g r o ß e s s p itz b o g ig e s F e n s t e r . I n d e r B r u c h ­ m in e . U b e r e in ig e n b e f in d e n sich e in g e b a u te g ro ß e Acta H ist. A r t. Hung. Totnus 28 , 1982 105 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN S p ie g e l in v e r z ie r te n R a h m e n . D ie u r s p r ü n g lic h e E i n r i c h t u n g , d a s M o b ilia r, is t n ic h t m e h r v o r ­ M o n a rc h ie , s o n d e r n t a u c h t w a r. b e r e its D a s V o rb ild f ü r handen. D e r U m b a u d e s S c h lo sse s N a g y u g ró c w u r d e in U n g a rn a u fg e ­ d a s S c h lo ß N a g y u g r ó c , d as S c h lo ß O ro s z v á r (1 8 4 1 — 4 4 ), w u rd e n a c h d e n P l ä ­ 1844 in A n g r if f g e n o m m e n , in d e m s e lb e n J a h r , a ls nen P ic h l in d e r B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g d es P a r l a m e n t p r o - h a t t e a u c h f ü r d e n F ü r s t e n J . A. v o n S c h w a r z e n ­ d es W ie n e rs F ra n z jc k ts m i t f u lm in a n te n W o r te n alle z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n b e rg d a s rie sig e B eer e rb a u t. D e rs e lb e g o tis ie r e n d - r o m a n tis c h e S c h lo ß n ic h t- k la s s is c h e n (g o tis c h e n , m a u r is c h e n , b y z a n t i ­ im b ö h m is c h e n D o r f H lu b o k á ( F r a u e n b e r g ) e n t ­ n is c h e n e tc .) S tile v e r u r t e i l t e , w o m it a u c h K e g le - w o rfe n ( B a u z e it: 1 8 4 1 — 57), v ie lle ic h t d a s g r ö ß te , v ic h v ö llig e i n v e r s ta n d e n w a r. I m g le ic h e n J a h r h a t P ic h l d e m G ra fe n d ie k la s s iz is tis c h e n P lä n e p r u n k v o lls te S c h lo ß d ie s e s S tils in d e r H a b s b u r g - f ü r die K irc h e v o n S a jó v á m o s ü b e rg e b e n . T r o t z ­ S c h w a rz e n b e rg w a r in d e n 2 0 er u n d 3 0 e r J a h r e n dem ö f te r in E n g la n d g e w e s e n . B eim B a u s e in e s S c h lo s ­ fie l b e im S c h lo ß N a g y u g ró c d ie W a h l a u f M o n a rc h ie , s o g a r in M itte le u r o p a .153 D e r F ü r s t v o n d e n g o tis c h e n S til. D a s is t v o r a lle m ein e F r a g e ses in d e r K u n s t g a t t u n g u n d d e s G e b ä u d e ty p s . D a s g ro ß e k ö n ig lic h e n ö f f e n tlic h e G e b ä u d e , v e r k ü n d e t P ic h l, soll e in z e i t ­ L e d n ic e ( E is g r u b ) lo ses M o n u m e n t s e in , d a z u p a s s e d ie k la s s is c h e A . J . v o n L i e c h t e n s t e i n n a c h d en P l ä n e n G e o rg F o r m s p r a c h e . D ie F o r m w e lt e in e s L a n d s c h lo s s e s W in g e m ü lle rs e in S c h lo ß im m it t e l a l t e r l i c h e n S til is t a b e r u n g e b u n d e n e r . D ie K o n v e n tio n e n b e e in ­ e r b a u e n (1 8 4 3 — 4 7 ). D e r F ü r s t d ie n te f r ü h e r bei flu s s e n d e n B a u h e r r n u n d d e n A r c h ite k te n w e n ig e r. d e r ö s te r r e ic h is c h e n D ie n e u e S tilte n d e n z z e ig t sic h d e m e n ts p r e c h e n d W ä h re n d d e r P l a n u n g s - u n d A u s f ü h r u n g s a r b e ite n h ie r f r ü h e r . K e g le v ic h , d e r d ie B e w e g u n g e n d e r A r c h i t e k t u r m i t le b h a f t e r A u f m e r k s a m k e it v e r ­ s c h ic k te e r s e in e n A r c h i t e k t e n m e h re re M ale n a c h fo lg te , t r a c h t e t e d a n a c h , d e r n e u e s te n M o d e z u und fo lg e n , d ie n ic h t n u r in d e r w e s tlic h e n H ä lf te d e r S ch l osses H r á d e k , bei H ra d e c g rä tz ) b e a u f t r a g t e der G ra f F. E . H lu b o k á s c h w e b te ih m S c h lo s s e s d a s V o r b ild W in d s o r v o r des A ugen. In in S ü d m ä h r e n , lie ß d e r F ü r s t G e s a n d s ts c h a ft in London. E n g la n d u n d S c h o t t l a n d , u m die V o r b ild e r a n O rt S te lle e n g lis c h e n zu s tu d ie re n . A rc h ite k te n 1839— 1 8 5 7 ).15fi I n d ie se n J a h r e n d ie e r s te n E. B. P la n u n g d es K r á l o v é (K ö n ig H a rra c h L am b. den ( B a u z e it: w u r d e n a u c h in Ö s te r r e ic h b e d e u te n d e n e r b a u t ,157 so d a s M it d e r g o tis ie re n d e n S c h lo ß A n if b ei S c h lö s s e r S a lz b u rg fü r d e n G ra fe n A . A r c o - S te p p e r g n ach d e n P l ä n e n H . S c h ö n a u e rs . ( B a u z e i t : 1 8 3 8 — 1848), o d e r d a s B re u n n e r - E n k e v o ir th s c h e S c h lo ß G ra fe n e g g , g e p la n t v o n L . E r n s t. ( B a u z e i t : 1843— 1 864). D e r B a u h e r r ties le tz te r e n r e is te a u c h z w eim al n a c h E n g la n d , d a s z w e ite M a l 1 8 3 7 . D a s S ch lo ß M e r k e n s te in , in N ie d e r ö s te r r e ic h w u rd e von J. R om ano und A. S c h w e n d e n w e in n a c h d e m V o rb ild d e r k ö n ig li­ c h e n R e s id e n z i n W in d s o r u m g e b a u t (1 8 4 3 — 4 4 ). W ir k ö n n e n b e o b a c h t e n , d a ß a m l e t z t e n E n d e d e r 3 0 er J a h r e e in e se r im G e b ie t der R e ih e r o m a n tis c h e r S c h lö s­ H a b s b u r g - M o n a r c h ie e rb a u t w u rd e . B ei d e r Ü b e r m i t t l u n g d e r n e u e n S t i l t e n ­ d en z e n g lis c h e n U r s p r u n g s h a t die A r i s t o k r a t i e , die die e u ro p ä is c h e M o d e zu b efo lg en w ü n s c h t e , eine e n ts c h e id e n d e R o lle g e s p ie lt. Z u B e g in n d e r 4 0 e r Ja h re sin d in U n g a rn die e r s te n r o m a n tis c h e n S c h lö sse r a u f g e t a u c h t : die S c h lö sse r O r o s z v á r u n d N a g y u g ró c . A u ß e rd e m können w ir das S ch lo ß V ép im K o m i t a t V a s e rw ä h n e n , d e s s e n B a u h e r r Abb. 49. N a g y u g ró c , D e ta il der S c h lo ß b ib lio th e k G r a f A le x a n d e r E rd ö d y w a r, der e b e n f a lls Ida Hist. Art. H ung. Tornus 28 , 1982 in 106 J . S ISA D ie e r h a l t e n e K o rre s p o n d e n z v o n K e g le v ic h u n d P ic h l, d ie u n g e f ä h r d re i J a h r z e h n t e u m f a ß t , g ib t ein i n t e r e s s a n t e s B ild ih r e r persönlichen Bezie­ hungen. N a c h dem Ende der B e sp re c h u n g des S c h lo ß b a u s i n N a g y u g r ó c is t es a n d e r Z e it, k u rz d a r a u f e in z u g e h e n . das I h r e V e r b in d u n g s tre n g g e n o m m e n e c h ite k t« , sie nahm V e r h ä ltn is e in e n g en f r e u n d s c h a f tlic h e n ü b e rs c h ritt » B a u h e rr-A r­ p e rs ö n lic h e n , C h a r a k te r an; so zu sa­ n a tü rlic h d e r a r t, d a ß b e id e s ic h d es b e s te h e n d e n R a n g u n t e r ­ sch ied s b e w u ß t w a r e n u n d d a s a u c h b e a c h te te n . K e g le v ic h s c h r ie b a n P ic h l in e in e m ta d e llo s h ö f­ lic h e n , m a n c h m a l h e rz lic h e n T o n . D e r A r c h ite k t v e r f a ß te s e in e Abb. 50. B ib lio th e k d e s S c h lo s s e s N a g y u g ró c , J a h rh u n d e rtw e n d e um d ie B rie fe in ein em f o r m e lle n , ein e m A r is to k r a te n g e b ü h r e n d e n S til. ( D a v o n h a b e n w ir im g a n z e n v ie r g e f u n d e n .) A u s d e r K o r r e s p o n d e n z d es G ra fe n s t e l l t es sic h h e ra u s , d a ß P ic h l ih n s tä n d ig ü b e r d ie W ie n e r E n g l a n d r e is te u n d d ie e n g lis c h e L ite ra tu r lie b ­ E re ig n isse i n f o r m i e r t e . D er A r c h i t e k t w a r s o z u ­ te . E r lie ß d a s S ch lo ß n a c h d e n P lä n e n d e s W ie ­ sa g e n sein V e r t r a u e n s m a n n . n e rs d a ß d e r A r i s t o k r a t u n d sein A r c h i t e k t a m Johann R om ano in g o tis c h e r F o rm m it S c h ie ß s c h a r te n u m b a u e n ( B a u z e i t : 1846— 1 8 4 7 ).lj8 c h e n g e s e lls c h a ftlic h e n Es kam a u c h v o r, g lei­ E re ig n is t e iln a h m e n o d e r R o m a n o h a t t e b e re its in Ö s t e r r e i c h ein e ä h n lic h e zusam m en A u f g a b e v e r r ic h te t, so w ie a u c h F r a n z B e e r f ü r Im S o m m e r 1 8 2 9 t e i l t d e r G ra f a u f d ie E r k u n d i ­ U n g a r n w ie f ü r B ö h m e n g e p l a n t h a t t e . D ie i n t e r ­ g u n g P ic h ls m i t , d a ß e r m it se in e r F r a u u n d se i­ e in e » k le in e L u stre ise « m a c h t e n .160 n a t i o n a l v e rflo c h te n e A r i s t o k r a t i e b e s c h ä f tig te d ie ­ n e n K in d e r n w a n n a u c h im m e r n a c h K i s t a p o l c s á n y s e lb e G r u p p e v o n A r c h i t e k t e n . So k o n n te es g e ­ k o m m e n k ö n n e . E r s te lle ih m a u f d em o b e r e n S to c k ­ s c h e h e n , d a ß die A r c h i t e k t e n d e r e rs te n b e d e u t e n ­ w e rk des S c h lo s s e s e in Z im m e r z u r V e r f ü g u n g .161 d e n r o m a n tis c h e n S c h lö s s e r i n U n g a r n ( O ro s z v á r, K e g le v ic h k a n n t e d ie B a u t ä t i g k e i t P ic h ls in N a g y u g r ó c , V ép) A u s l ä n d e r w a r e n , die a u s d e r W ie n , w ie a u c h s e in e P ro b le m e . P ic h l w a n d t e sich w e s tlic h e n H ä lf te d e r M o n a r c h ie kam en, wo den m e h re re M ale a n d e n A r is to k r a te n m it d e r B i t t e , e n tw i c k e l t e r e n sozialen V e r h ä l t n i s s e n g e m ä ß , d e r ih m z u r E r l a n g u n g ir e g e n d e in e r A r c h itc k te n - S te lle n e u e S til s ic h einige J a h r e f r ü h e r v e r b r e i t e t h a t t e . o d e r ein es A u f t r a g s H ilfe zu le is te n .162 S c h lie ß lic h D as S c h lo ß N ag y u g ró c is t n ic h t nur e in e s d e r e r s t e n , a b e r a u c h e in e s d e r m o n u m e n ta ls te n , d a r f d a r a n e r i n n e r t w e rd e n , w a s f ü r e in e g ro ß e H ilfe P ic h l u n d s e in G ö n n e r in U n g a r n e in a n d e r q u a l i t ä t s v o l l s t e n B a u d e n k m ä l e r d e s r o m a n tis c h e n bei dem S c h lo ß b a u s in U n g a rn . S e in e A u s g e s ta ltu n g , m i t b ä u d e le is te te n . W e ttb e w e rb z u m P e s te r P a r la m e n ts g e - E c k b a s t e i e n u n d S c h ie ß s c h a r te n , w ird in d e r e n g li­ sch en F a c h l i t e r a t u r » c a s te lla te d « p ru n k v o ll und g e s ta lte te n S ä le m it H o lz d e c k e n h a b e n n a c h g e n a n n t. S e in e H o lz s c h a lu n g e n u n s e r e n b is h e rig e n D ie Stelle A lo is P ic h ls in der Geschichte der A r c h i­ tektu r von U ngarn K e n n t n i s s e n n u r in O r o s z v á r ih re s g le ic h e n . D e m S til z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n l n d e r P e rs o n P ic h ls h a b e n w ir e in e n s o lc h e n E u r o p a b e lie b te n I n t e r i e u r s f o r m e n des Z e ita lte r s des A r c h ite k te n k e n n e n g e l e r n t , d e r in U n g a r n f ü r p r i ­ E l i s a b e t h s u n d J a k o b s v o n E n g l a n d ih r G e p rä g e . v a t e a d lig e A u f t r a g g e b e r , in e r s te r L in ie s o g a r f ü r Im In n e re n geben Z u sam m enhang d ie m it im dem S c h lo ß b a u in d e n H o c h a d e l a r b e i t e t e . D a s b e s tim m t g le ic h z e itig N a g y u g r ó c m ü sse n w ir n o c h d ie k le in e re n G a r t e n ­ s e in e K u n s t g a t t u n g : b a u t e n d e s d a m a ls n e u a n g e l e g t e n e n g lisc h e n G a r ­ t e n , P a t r o n a t s k i r c h e n b e z e ic h n e n sein e h ie s ig e T ä ­ te n s e r w ä h n e n , die e b e n fa lls v o n P ic h l e n tw o rfe n tig k e it. A ls e in a k a d e m i s c h g e s c h u lte r, a b e r k e in w u r d e n .159 S ie sin d g a n z v e r f a l l e n o d e r v e r n ic h te t. ö ffe n tlic h e s A m t b e k le id e n d e r A r c h ite k t, d e r o b e n ­ E s s t e h e n n u r n o ch ein G a r t e n t o r u n d ein P f ö r t n e r ­ d r e in nie lä n g e re Z e it in U n g a r n v e r w e ilte , k o n n t e h a u s , b e id e v o n P ich l g e p l a n t . er auf Acta H ist. A r t. Hung. Tornus 28, 1982 k e in e L a n d s c h lö s s e r, A u fträ g e fü r G a rte n b a u ­ s tä d tis c h e P a lä s te 107 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN o d e r B ü r g e r h ä u s e r re c h n e n . h a t t e n d ie o rts a n s ä s s ig e n A u f d ie s e m A rc h ite k te n m e is te r u n e r r e ic h b a r e V o rte ile . F a ll von G e b ie t und B au­ E b e n s o k a m e n im ö ffe n tlic h e n G e b ä u d e n z u e r s t die » o ffi­ w e n ig e r b e g r ü n d e t. D ie W e rk e d es W ie n e r A r c h i­ t e k t e n w u r d e n v o n u n g a r is c h e n L eben g e ru fe n , h ie s ig e F o r d e r u n g e n in s m a te rie lle K rä fte haben ih r e V e r f e r tig u n g e r m ö g lic h t, u n d sie f o r m e n s e it­ h e r d u r c h ih re b lo ß e G e g e n w a rt d e n G e s c h m a c k ziellen « A r c h i t e k t e n in B e t r a c h t . D ie B e z ie h u n g e n P ic h ls in U n g a r n k ö n n e n v o r in U n g a r n . a lle m d u r c h die P e rs o n d e r A u f tr a g g e b e r e r k l ä r t I n d e r e r s te n H ä l f t e d e s v e r g a n g e n e n J a h r h u n ­ w e r d e n , d ie als im A u s la n d b e w a n d e r t e A r i s t o k r a ­ d e r ts — w ie w ä h r e n d d e s v o ra n g e h e n d e n B a r o c k s , t e n , d ie le ite n d e Ä m te r b e k le id e te n , d e n in W ie n w e n n a u c h m it a b n e h m e n d e r T e n d e n z a n s ä s s ig g e w o rd e n e n z a h lre ic h e A r c h i t e k t e n k e n n e n g e le r n t a u s lä n d is c h e A rc h ite k te n - , w a re n in U n g a rn h a b e n . D ie M itg lie d e r d e r E r z h e r z o g s f a m ilie E s te - t ä t i g o d e r h a t t e n irg e n d w e lc h e B e z ie h u n g e n z u r M o d e n a , «lie m it m e h re re n F ä d e n a n U n g a r n v e r ­ k n ü p f t w a r e n , d ü r f te n a u c h e in e V e r m ittle r s r o lle u n g a r is c h e n B a u k u n s t . D a r u n t e r w a r e n e in ig e v o n b e i d e r u m f a n g r e ic h e n T ä t i g k e i t ih re s H o f a r c h ite k ­ e n t s t a m m t e n d i r e k t a u s fra n z ö s is c h e n o d e r i t a l i e ­ t e n g e s p ie lt h a b e n . n is c h e n G e b ie te n , so E ig e n tlic h h a b e n w ir v o n v ie r a u s g e f ü h r te n fr a n z ö s is c h e r o d e r ita lie n is c h e r S c h u lu n g , m a n c h e n e b e n P ic h l a u c h M o re a u , L o u is M o n to y e r , P ie tr o N o b ile . I n u n d b e d e u te n d e n W e rk e n P ic h ls in U n g a r n K e n n t ­ T at n is . D a s A r c h ite k te n v o n a u ß e r h a l b s in d d ie S c h lö s s e r K is ta p o lc s á n y u n d N a g y u g r ó c , f e r n e r d ie K ir c h e n v o n J o ls v a und C h a rle s kennen w ir k e in e n e in z ig e n der a u s lä n d is c h e n d er e n g e re n ö s te rre i­ c h is c h e n , r e s p e k t i v e ö s te r r e ic h is c h - m ä h r is c h e n G e ­ E n y i n g . I h r e A n z a h l is t z w a r n i c h t g ro ß , ih re Q u a li­ b ie te , d e r in U n g a r n t ä t e r h e b t sie a b e r h o c h ü b e r d a s D u r c h s c h n i t t s ­ W ie n f e s te n F u ß tä tig g e fa ß t w a r, o h n e zu haben. v o r h e r in D as bedeu­ n iv e a u d e r ä h n lic h e n h e im is c h e n B a u t e n , w ir k ö n n ­ t e t , d a ß U n g a r n .m i t d e n p e rs ö n lic h e n V e r t r e t e r n t e n s a g e n , d a ß sie e rs tk la s s ig e B e is p ie le ih r e r K u n s t ­ d e r w e s te u r o p ä is c h e n g a t t u n g s in d . D ie se W e rk e s p ie g e ln g le ic h z e itig die d u r c h ö st< ir r e ic h , g e n a u e r g e s a g t, d u r c h Ä n d e r u n g e n d e s G e s c h m a c k s in d e r e r s te n H ä lf te B e r ü h r u n g k a m . ( E i n e in z ig e r F a ll is t a u s z u n e h m e n : des v e rg a n g e n e n J a h rh u n d e rts : d a s P r e is a u s s c h r e ib e n 1844 f ü r d a s P e s t e r P a r l a ­ ta p o l c s á n y v e rtritt den s iz is m u s , d e r b a ro c k e d a s S c h lo ß K is ­ o b e r ita lie n is c h e n R e m in is z e n z e n K la s ­ trä g t, d ie S tilte n d e n z e n a u s n a h m s lo s W ie n in m e n t. D o c h k a n n s e in e A u s w irk u n g a u f d ie u n g a ­ ris c h e A rc h ite k tu r des Z e ita lte rs v e rn a c h lä s s ig t K ir c h e n v o n J o ls v a u n d E n y i n g d a g e g e n b e z e ic h ­ w e rd e n .) I n d e r v o r a n g e h e n d e n E p o c h e n e n d ie re ife , e tw a s s tr e n g e T e n d e n z d es k la s s i­ S i t u a t i o n ä h n lic h , w ie d ie T ä tig k e it v o n J e a n N ic o ­ la s J a d o t o d e r I s id o r e C a n e v a le i l l u s t r i e r t . W ir z is tis c h e n S tils , d a s S c h lo ß N a g y u g r ó c is t a b e r e in b a h n b r e c h e n d e s W e r k d e r e n g lis c h -g o tis ie re n - e r w ä h n te n s c h o n den w e s tlic h e n R o m a n t i k in U n g a r n . W ir k ö n n e n a u c h f e s t ­ s te lle n , d a ß d ie th e o r e tis c h e E rö rte ru n g in der B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g , die P ic h l z u m W e t t b e w e r b f ü r d a s P e s t e r P a r l a m e n ts g e b ä u d e e in g e r e ic h t h a t , m it d ie P ro v in z e n s t i lv e r m itte ln d e d es 1840 b e i d e r V e r b r e i t u n g w a r die R o lle d e r H a b s b u rg -R e ic h s um d es g o tis ie r e n d - r o m a n - tis c h e n S c h lo ß b a u e s n a c h e n g lis c h e r A r t . D ie T ä t i g k e i t d e s ita lie n is c h g e s c h u lte n P ic h l F ris c h e in U n g a r n g i b t g le ic h z e itig w e ite re B e i t r ä g e zu m T o n e in e bis d a h in m a n n ig f a ltig e n , r e ic h e n G e s a m tb ild d e r e n ts c h e i­ k a u m g e k a n n te K u n s t g a t t u n g im z e itg e n ö s s is c h e n U n g a rn v e rtritt. d e n d e n ita lie n is c h e n B e z ie h u n g e n im u n g a r is c h e n i h r e r A k t u a l i t ä t , ih r e r und ih re m p a m p h le ta rtig e n p o le m is ie re n d e n In d er A u sfü h ru n g u n d A u s s ta ttu n g d e r G e­ K la s s iz is m u s , d e r e n B e d e u tu n g s c h o n a m A n fa n g d ie s e r S tu d ie e r w ä h n t w u rd e . b ä u d e , d ie P ic h l g e p la n t h a t t e , w ir k te n m e is t a u c h W ir k o n n t e n h ie r d ie tie f g e h e n d e E r ö r t e r u n g W ie n e r M e is te r m it ( E n y in g , N a g y u g r ó c ) , in K is ­ d e r k ü n s t l e r i s c h e n u n d m e n s c h lic h e n P e r s ö n lic h ­ ta p o l c s á n y r e ih te sic h s o g a r e in e s t a t t l i c h e R e ih e k e it P ic h ls , d ie B e s tim m u n g sein es P l a t z e s i n d e r g e ­ v o r z ü g lic h e r W ie n e r M e is te r m i t ih r e n W e r k e n a n . D ie h ie s ig e n W e rk e P ic h ls s in d s e l b s t v e r s t ä n d ­ s a m t e n e u r o p ä is c h e n B a u k u n s t n ic h t u n t e r n e h m e n . lic h d as to ta le auch m it d e r A r c h i t e k tu r g e s c h ic h te Ö s te r ­ D a s w ird d ie A u f g a b e e in e r M o n o g r a p h ie s e in , die O e u v re d e s A r c h ite k te n u m fa ß t, und re ic h s v e r b u n d e n . D a ß a u c h d ie u n g a r is c h e K u n s t ­ w o z u v ie lle ic h t a u c h d iese S tu d ie e in e A n r e g u n g g e s c h ic h te s ic h d iese z u e ig e n u n d I n s p i r a t i o n g e g e b e n h a t. m a c h t, is t n ic h t Acta H ist. A rt. H u n g . T om us 28, 1982 108 J . SISA ABKÜRZUNGEN G ilhofer-R anschburg K eglevich KorrespondenzTagebücher (OL) — S t ä d te a n s i c h t e n . G ilhofer & R anschburg K a ta lo g N r. 72 . W ie n 1904. = M a g y a r O rszá g o s L e v é l t á r (U n g a r is c h e s L a n d e s a r c h iv ) : P . 421. K eglevich család levéltára, K eglevich KorrespondenzTagebücher ( O S z K ) — O r s z á g o s S z é ch é n y i K ö n y v t á r ( L a n d e s b ib lio th e k S z é c h é n y i) M a n u s k r ip te n a r c h iv : F ol. L a t. 3866 Keglevich J á n o s levelezőkönyve = M a g y a r O rszá g o s L e v é lt á r ( U n g a r is c h e s L a n d e s a r c h iv ) OL O N E III. T h В {B a n d , J a h r e s z a h l] W urzbach [B a n d , V. G r ó f Keglevich J á n o s levelező naplói ( P 421. A rc h iv der F a m ilie K eglevich, V. K orrespondenzTagebücher des Grafen J o h a n n K eglevich) = О es t e r r ei c h ische N a t io n a l - E n c y k lo p ä d i e I I I . W ie n 1835. = T h ie m e , U. — Becker, F . : A llg e m e in e s L e x ik o n d e r b i ld e n d e n K ü n s tle r . L e ip z ig — W urzbach, C. : B io g r a p h is c h e s L e x ik o n des K a i s e r t h u m s O e s te rr e ic h . W ie n J a h re s z a h l] Tagebuch von A . 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F ons 51., Pos. 12. fo lio 5 — 15. 4 P ic h l h a t a u ß e r d e m V o r n a m e n A lo is (A lo y s) o ft d ie V o r ­ ( A u f d iese w e rtv o lle Q u e lle h a t m ic h D r. G y ö rg y K e lé n y i n a m e n v a r i a n t e n L u d w ig , L u ig i, s o g a r a u c h L ouis g e b r a u c h t. h in g e w ie s e n .) 11 D e n s e lb s tb io g r a p h is c h e n T eil d e s G e s u c h s , so w ie d ie H e u te f i g u r i e r t e r im a llg e m e in e n m i t d e m N a m e n A lo is in d e r F a c h lite ra tu r. T e x t e d e r Z e u g n iss e s. im A n h a n g A . D a s G e b u r ts d a tu m 1775 im G e su c h w ird d u r c h d ie J a h r e s z a h l (1 7 9 6 ) d e s Z e u g ­ 5 Ü b e r A lo is P ic h l is t n o c h k e in e M o n o g ra p h ie e r s c h ie n e n . Z u r S c h ild e r u n g se in e r B e t ä t i g u n g h a b e n w ir die f o lg e n ­ n isse s v o n d e r B r e r a b e k r ä f t i g t . 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I N e k ro lo g ] ; N a g y , I . : M a g y a ro r s z á g c s a lá d a i c zíin er e k k e l és n e m z é k re n d i t á b l á k k a l (D ie F a m ilie n U n g a rn s m it W a p p e n u n d g e n e a lo g is c h e n T a f e ln ) , V I. P e s t 1860. S. 960. ; W urzbach I X . 1864. S. 128 129. : S z in n y e i, ./. : M a ­ g y a r író k é le te és m u n k á i. (L e b e n u n d W e r k e v o n u n g a r is c h e n S c h r if ts te lle r n .) V. B u d a p e s t 1897. S p a lte 1 3 4 1 - 1342. 14 Keglev ich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher. (O L ) 12. H eft N r. 30. Posten 460. 15 W agner, W . : D ie G e s c h ic h te d e r A k a d e m ie d e r b il­ d e n d e n K ü n s te in W ie n . W ie n 1967. S. 4 4 1 . 10 B öckh, F . 11. ( h e ra u s g .) : W ie n s le b e n d e S c h rif ts te lle r , K ü n s tl e r u n d D i l e t t a n t e n im K u n s tf a c h e . . . W ie n 1822. S. 105 106. ; O N E I I I . S. 176 — 177. — D ie W e rk e g e b e n e in e k u rz e T ite llis te d e r K e g le v ic h - B ib lio th e k . 17 V o y a g e p itto r e s q u e e t h is to r iq u e d e P I s tr ie e t d e la D a lm a tie , ré d ig é d ’a p r è s l’itin é r a ir e d e L . F . Cassas, p a r J o se p h Lavallée. P a r is M D C C C II. 18 O N E I I I . p . 21 9 . D a s w ird m e is te n s W o r t fü r W o rt u n d m it e ig e n e n E r f a h r u n g e n r e ic h lic h e r g ä n z t ü b e r n o m m e n v o n K otz , L . : W as ic h e r le b te ! W as m ir a u f fie l! E r r in e r u n g e n v e r m is c h te n I n h a lte s , I I I . P r a g 1861. S. 4 8 5 — 487. 19 D ie T o n d o -S e rie w u r d e u m 1840 g e s c h a ffe n , v o r lä u f ig a u s u n b e k a n n t e m G r u n d . W a h rs c h e in lic h h a t sie P ic h l s e lb s t g e m a lt. 11 S tü c k e d a r a u s s in d in e in e r W ie n e r P r i v a ts a m m ­ lu n g , d ie a n d e r e n s in d a n u n b e k a n n t e m O r t o d e r v e rlo re n . M e h re re v o n ih n e n s in d in K a ta lo g e n ( N r . 72. u n d 9 4 .) d e r B u c h - u n d K u n s th ä n d l e r G ilh o fe r u n d R a n s c h b u r g v o m A n f a n g d ie s e s J a h r h u n d e r t s a n g e f ü h r t. — Ü b e r K is ta p o lc s á n y : G ilhofer-R anschburg S. 126. ( P o s te n 3 2 4 9 .) V om S c h lo ß s in d 5 A n s ic h te n b e k a n n t : » H a u p t f r o n t . — S a a l. G a le rie . — C h in es. P a v illo n . K u h s ta llu n g e n .« D ie A q u a ­ re lle s in d v e rs c h o lle n . 20 K eg lev ich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ); Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O S z K ) I n d e n B ä n d e n , d ie s e p a ­ r a t in zw ei I n s t i tu t i o n e n a u f b e w a h r t w e r d e n , k a n n m a n die I m p u r u m - K o n z e p te d e r K o r r e s p o n d e n z v o n K e g le v ic h b is 1854 f o r tla u f e n d fo lg e n . E s f e h lt n u r d e r B a n d 1843. E in ig e B ä n d e s in d lü c k e n h a f t. B e i d e r B e s p r e c h u n g d e s L a u fs d e r B a u a r b e it e n d e r S c h lö s s e r K is ta p o lc s á n y u n d N a g y u g ró c u n d d e r h ie r a r b e ite n d e n M e is te r w e r d e n m e is te n s k e in e b e ­ s o n d e r e n A n m e r k u n g e n g e g e b e n . D ie K o n t r o l le d e r e in z e ln e n D a te n i s t le ic h t z u b e w e r k s te llig e n a u s d e n B rie fe n d e s T a ­ g e b u c h s , d ie in c h ro n o lo g is c h e r R e ih e n fo lg e e r h a lte n g e ­ b lie b e n s in d u n d d ie K e g le v ic h a n P i c h l, d ie B a u m e is te r , H a n d w e r k e r , so w ie s e in e z w e ite F r a u , V ic to r ia F o llio t-C re n n e v ille g e s c h rie b e n h a t. 21 Tagebuch von A . Z ic h y B a n d 3 . F o lio 40. (s. V e rz e ic h n is d er A b k ü rzu n g en ) 22 K eglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O S z K ) Vol. V. 1831: P osten 253, 343, 345, 5 0 4 ,5 4 4 , 598, 748, 1391. 23 L ichner, J . : K u n s td e n k m ä l e r in d e r T s c h e c h o s lo w a k e i. — S lo w a k e i. L e ip z ig 1979. S. 404. 24 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ) 9. H e ft N r. 3. P osten 204. 25 Ebendort. H e ft N r . 6. Posten 189. 2,! K la s ic is tic k á a r c h i t e k t ú r a n a S lo v e n s k u . B r a tis la v a 1955. S. 132, 177. 27 K eglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ) 9. H e ft N r. 1. Posten 1 ,7 6 ,1 1 7 , 168 , 201. H eft N r. 3. 4, 193, 224. lie ft N r. 4. P osten 193, 224. H e ft N r. 7. P o sten 533, 580. 28 E bendort. H eft. N r. 1. Posten 117, 124. H eft N r. 3. Po­ sten 86. 29 Tagebuch von A . Z ic h y B a n d 3. F o lio 69. S. 94. e r w ä h n t u n t e r d e m S tic h w o r t K lie b e r b e i d e n W e rk e n d e s B ild h a u e r s » v ier k o lo s s a le ,S t a t u e n ’, im A u f tr ä g e des G r a f e n J o h a n n K e g le v ic h , n a c h T a p o lc s a n in U n g a rn « , o b ­ w o h l w ir n u r ü b e r d ie V e r f e r tig u n g v o n d r e ie n K e n n t n is h a ­ ben. 34 D ie D im e n s io n e n e r w ä h n t K e g le v ic h i n e in e m , B rie f v o n 1829. D a m a ls e r i n n e r t e r sic h so, d a ß d e r P r e is d e r S t a ­ t u e n je 150 G u ld e n in K o n v e n tio n s m ü n z e b e tr u g . (K eglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O S z K ) Vol. I I I . P osten 50 7.) 35 Z. B. M a g y a ro r s z á g v á rm e g y é i és v á r o s a i . B a r s v á r ­ m e g y e . (U n g a r n s K o m i t a t e n u n d S t ä d te . K o m i t a t B a rs .) B u d a p e s t о. J . (1 9 0 3 ) S. 43. ( m it A b b ild u n g ) 36 » V a s á rn a p i Ú js á g « ( S o n n ta g s z e itu n g ) X X X V I I (1 8 9 0 ) 5 . 6 0 8 . (« N a ch d e m F o to v o n Sz. W im p ffe n » .) 37 L . K iß lin g (1 7 7 0 — 1 827) w a r s e it 1810 i n W ie n t ä t i g als v ie l b e s c h ä f tig te r B ild h a u e r d e r A r is to k r a tie . E r e r h ie lt d en T ite l »k. k. H o f b ild h a u e r « . S e in e W e rk e s in d im G e is te des r e in e n K la s s iz is m u s k o n z ip ie r t. ( T h B X X . 1 9 2 7 . S. 2 7 8 .) 38 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O L ) 9. H e ft N r. 1. Posten 148. 39 S. A n m . 18. 40 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ) 9. H e ft N r. 3. Posten 207. 41 F . B a u e r (1 798 1872) s t u d i e r t e z u e r s t in W ie n , d a n n w e ilte e r lä n g e re Z e it in R o m , wo T h o r w a l d s e n a u f ih n eine g ro ß e W irk u n g a u s ü b t e . I n W ie n e r h ie lt e r z a h lr e ic h e w ic h ti­ ge A u fträ g e . ( T h B I I I . 1909. S. 67 68 .) 42 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O S z K ) Vol. I I I . P osten 507, 510. K e g le v ic h h ie lt d ie v o n B a u e r v e r la n g te S u m m e f ü r z u h o c h u n d h a t n u r 120 G u ld e n in K o n v e n t io n s ­ m ü n z e p ro S t a tu e a n g e b o te n . 43 D ie B e s c h re ib u n g d e r E in r i c h tu n g d e r n o c h in W ie n b e ­ fin d lic h e n B ib lio th e k , d ie A u fz ä h lu n g d e r K ü n s t l e r s. B öckh , o p . c it. w ie in A n m . 16. S. 106 — 107. 14 In d e r e r s te n H ä l f te d e s v e r g a n g e n e n J a h r h u n d e r t s a r ­ b e ite te n m e h re re B ild h a u e r n a m e n s S c h r o t t ( S c h r o th ) in W ie n . I m v o r lie g e n d e n F a ll h a n d e lt es s ic h w a h r s c h e in lic h u m J a k o b S c h r o t t (1 7 7 3 — 1832), d e r m e h r e r e W e rk e fü r U n g a r n g e s c h a ffe n h a t . ( T h B X X X . 1936. S. 3 0 1 .). 45 A . R o b a tz (1 7 5 7 1 8 1 5 ), B ild h a u e r , s t u d i e r t e a n d e r W ie n e r A k a d e m ie . ( T h B X X V I I I . 1934. S. 4 1 1 - 4 1 2 . ) 4ß K eglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O L ) 9. H e ft N r. 3. Posten 180, 186, 193. K e g le v ic h m ö c h te e in e W in d f a h n e a u f d a s G e b ä u d e a n b r in g e n la s s e n , »wie in W ie n b e y D e m b s c h e r« . 47 O N E I I I . p. 2 1 9 . D a s G e b ä u d e e r s c h e i n t u n t e r den A q u a re lle n v o n P ic h l, v g l. A n m . 19. 48 K eglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O L ) 9 .H eft N r. 6. Posten 391 ; O L : K eglevich család levéltára ( K e g le v ic h F a m ilie n a r c h iv ) 11/58, B r i e f N r . 185. S. A n m . 1 9 . E in e H a n d ­ z e ic h n u n g d e s c h in e s is c h e n P a v illo n s v o n E . S tö c k e r b e f in ­ d e t sic h in M a g y a r N e m z e ti M u z e u m , T ö r té n e l m i K é p c s a r ­ n o k (U n g a ris c h e s N a t io n a lm u s e u m , H is to r is c h e B ild e r­ g a le rie ). I n v . N r. T 8 4 7 0 . 49 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O L ) 11. H eft Nr. 17., Posten 509. 50 S. A n m . 18. P . N o b ile (1 7 7 4 1854), e in e r d e r b e d e u ­ t e n d s te n V e r tr e te r d e r ö s te r r e ic h is c h e n k la s s iz is tis c h e n A rc h i­ t e k t u r , D ir e k to r d e r A r c h i te k tu r a b t e i l u n g d e r W ie n e r A k a d e ­ m ie , w ic h a u c h b e i a n d e r e n G e le g e n h e ite n v o n d e m k la s s iz is ­ tis c h e n S til a b , w ie d a s P r a g e r a lt s t ä d ti s c h e R a t h a u s , (1838 4 8 ) o d e r d ie g o tis ie r e n d e E r g ä n z u n g d e r K ir c h e in B o s k o v ic e (1 844). ( Kotrba, V. : D ie A n fä n g e d e r N e u g o tik in d e n b ö h m i­ s c h e n L ä n d e r n . » A lte u n d m o d e rn e K u n s t.« X . (1 9 6 5 ) N r. 81. S. 4 3 .) 51 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher ( O S z K ) Vol. I I . 30 J . K lie b e r (1 7 7 3 1850) w a r e in e r d e r b e d e u te n d s te n Posten 324, 423, 534, 593. 601. usw. Vol. I I I . P osten 31, 207, V e r t r e t e r d e r W ie n e r k la s s iz is tis c h e n B ild h a u e r k u n s t . E r s c h u f 221, 259. a u c h d ie S ta tu e n d e s N ie d e r ö s te r r e ic h is c h e n L a n d h a u s e s . 52 Ebendort. Vol. 111. Posten 563, 931. D e r s e lb e T is c h le r h a t a u c h f r ü h e r d ie B ü c h e r s c h r ä n k e in d e r B ib lio th e k des M e h re re u n g a ris c h e A u f tr ä g e h a t e r ü b e r n o m m e n . ( T h B , X X . 1927. S. 494 4 9 5 .) S c h lo sse s K i s ta p o lc s á n y g e f e r tig t. F ü r d ie L o n d o n e r 31 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ) 9. H eft. N r. W e lta u s s te llu n g 1851 s c h u f C a ro l L e is tie r d a s G e s c h e n k vo n 1. P osten 148. ln s e in e m B rie fe v o m 1. S e p te m b e r 1823 f o r ­ F r a n z J o s e p h f ü r d ie K ö n ig in V ik to r ia , e in e g o tis ie re n d e d e r t K e g le v ic h d e n V e r w a lte r se in es P a l a s te s , e r solle n a c h B ü c h e r w a n d , so w ie e in H im m e lb e tt. (S e m p e r, G. : T u d o ­ s e h e n , o b K lie b e r s c h o n a r b e ite . m á n y , ip a r és m ű v é s z e t. [W is s e n s c h a ft, G e w e rb e u n d K u n s t.) 82 E bendort. H eft N r. 3. P osten 179. B p . 1980. A b b ild u n g e n 46. u n d 48 .) 33 O L : P. 421. A Keglevich család levéltára, I I . 92. № 53 Z e ic h n u n g v o n E . S tö c k e r. M a g y a r N e m z e ti M ú z e u m , 213. levél. (A rc h iv d e r F a m ilie K e g le v ic h ) D e r B rie f m it d e r T ö r té n e lm i K é p c s a r n o k (U n g a ris c h e s N a t io n a l m u s e u m , H i­ U n t e r s c h r i f t K lie b e rs i s t u n d a ti e r t . W urzbach X I I 1864. s to r is c h e B ild e rg a le rie ) I n v . N r. T 8468. Acta Hist. A rt. H ung. T om us 28, 1982 по .1. SIS А 54 » A llg em e in e B a u z e itu n g « I I I . (1 8 3 8 ) N r. 44. S. 39 5 . A b ­ b ild u n g : » A tlas z u r A llg e m e in e n B a u z e itu n g « 1 8 3 8 ., T a fe l ccxxxx. g a ris c h e s N a t io n a l it ä t e n ta s c h e n b u c h . A d e lig e F a m ilie n ) . B u d a p e s t 1905, S. 289. 74 B iró, J . : A b o n c z h id a i B á n f f y - k a s té ly . (D a s S c h lo ß B á n f f y in B o n c z h id a .) C lu j 1935. S. 3 1 - 3 2 . A u ß e r d e m S c h lo ß h a t P ic h l n ic h t v e r w ir k lic h te P lä n e z u m G a s th o f , d e n J ä g e r ­ h ä u s e r n , u n d z u e in e r K ü c h e fü r d a s S c h lo ß g e s c h a ffe n . S eine K a p e lle n - u n d A l t a r p l ä n e sin d a u s g e f ü h r t w o rd e n . 75 P rokopp, Gy. : P a c k h J á n o s (1 7 9 6 - 1 8 3 9 ) . ( J o h a n n P a c k h (1796 — 1 8 3 9 .) » M ű v é s z e ttö r té n e ti É r te s í t ő « ( » K u n s t­ h is to r is c h e r A n z e ig e r« ) X X I I I . (1 9 7 4 ) 1. S. 9, 25. 78 P r im á s i L e v é lt á r ( P r i m a t e n a r c h iv ) , E s z te r g o m : A rchí­ 55 G a n z g e w iß h a n d e lt e s s ic h u m A n d r e a s S c h r o t t (g e h . 1791 — t ä t i g b is M itte d e r 5 0 - e r J a h r e ) , m it d e m K e g le v ic h a u c h f r ü h e r in V e r b in d u n g s t a n d . (Ü b e r S c h r o tt : T h B X X X . 1 9 3 6 . S. 301.) 56 K eglevich K orrespondenz-T agebücher (O L ) 11. H e ft N r. 19. P osten 462, 514, 541, 635. 57 Ü b e r ih r e A n o r d n u n g k ö n n e n w ir u n s a u f g r u n d d e r L it h o g r a p h ie v o n F . W o lf e in e n B e g r if f m a c h e n . 58 S. K o tz, L . op . e it. w ie in A n m . 18. — H . G a ss e r (1 8 1 7 — v u m ecclesiasticum . A cta C ardinalis R u d n a y , P ublico-Ecclesiastica № 312/224. 1 8 6 8 ), ö s te r r e ic h is c h e r B i ld h a u e r , l e b t e u n d a r b e ite te m e is t 77 E bendort. № . 32/225. in W ie n . E r w a r als P r o fe s s o r a n d e r A k a d e m ie t ä t i g . ( T h B 78 E bendort. № . 32/225. X I I I . 1 9 2 0 . S. 2 3 4 - 2 3 7 .) 59 G ilhofer-Ranschburg S . 1 3 3 . ( P o s te n 3 4 07.) D ie A q u a ­ 79 Ebendort. № . 32/226. - K eglevich K orresp o n d ez-T a gebücher (O L ) 9. H e ft N r. 3. Posten 34. re lle s in d n i c h t v o r h a n d e n . 60 H . T akács, M . : A s á r v á r i v á r (D ie B u rg in S á r v á r ) . 80 B orovszky, S. ( R e d .) : M a g y a ro rs z á g v á r m e g y é i és v á ­ B u d a p e s t 1 9 5 7 , S. 22. ; u s w . ro s a i. G ö m ö r - K is h o n t v á r m e g y e . ( U n g a r n s K o m i ta t e u n d S t ä d te . K o m i t a t G ö m ö r - K is h o n t.) B u d a p e s t о. J . S. 139. 81 S. d ie v o rig e A n m . 62 P e s t r e . T ö re d é k e k K a z in c z y F erenc p e s ti ú tle ír á s á b ó l. 81 G ilhofer-R anschburg S. 125. ( P o s te n 3 2 1 7 .) D a s T o n d o i s t n ic h t v o r h a n d e n . ( N a c h P e s t . F r a g m e n te a u s d e r R e is e b e s c h r e ib u n g v o n F e r e n c K a z in c z y .) B u d a p e s t 1929, S . 4 0 — 4 1 . 82 H ollók, 1. : J o l s v á n a ’ ré g i K a t h . T e m p lo m h e ly e t t e g y 83 V a s M eg y ei L e v é ltá r , S z o m b a t h e l y (A rc h iv d e s K o m iú j n a g y o b b t e r j e d e l m ű é p ü l. ( I n J o ls v a w ir d a n s t a t t d e r a lte n t a t s V a s , S te in a m a n g e r ) : X I I I . 18. A Szentgyörgyi H orváth k a t h . K ir c h e e in e n e u e g rö ß e re g e b a u t.) I n [R o z s n y ó i e g y ­ csal. levéltára, [ S z e n t g y ö r g y i - H o r v á t h F 'a m ilie n a rc h iv ) h á z i tö r e d é k e k ] [R o z s n y ó e r K ir g h e n f r a g m e n te ] H e f t 1 — 4. G r u n d r i ß d e s E rd g e s c h o s s e s , G r u n d r i ß d e s e r s te n S t o c k ­ R o zsn y ó 1834. » F o l y t a t á s a z o n j ó t é k o n y b e fo ly á s ró l . . . w e rk s , F a s s a d e n z e ic h n u n g m i t d e r S ig n a tu r » L o u is P ic h l ( F o r t s e t z u n g ü b e r j e n e n h e ils a m e n E in f l u ß . . . ) D e r m it E r z h e r z o g lic h e r u n d R ö m is c h A c a d e m is c h e r A rc h ite c t« . A u f o b ig e m K a p ite l b e g in n e n d e T e il S. 35 — 43. — S z c ito v d e r R ü c k s e ite des E r d g e s c h o s s - G r u n d r is s e s s te h t in v e r a l t e t e r s z k y s G e d ä c h tn is r e d e e b e n d o r t S. 4 3 — 55. 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B e id e s in d B le is tif tz e ic h n u n g e n , a u f d e r R ü c k s e ite d e s G r u n d ­ ris s e s d e s e r s te n S to c k w e rk s s t e h t in v e r a l te t e r S c h r if t d e r 86 M a g y a r N e m z e tis é g i Z s e b k ö n y v . F ő r a n g ú c s a lá d o k . fo lg e n d e T e x t : »Z ofahl m id e n f é le ( ? ) p r o je c tu m a a z P e s ti ( U n g a r is c h e N a t io n a l it ä t e n ta s c h e n b ü c h e r . A r is to k r a tis c h e É a m ilie n .) B u d a p e s t 1888. p. 3. h á z h o z « (A lle rle i P r o je k te v o n Z o f a h l z u m P e s te r H a u s« ). D a s B l a t t m it d e n F a s s a d e n v a r i a n te n i s t m i t T u s c h e a u s g e z o g e n , 87 H e r a u s g e s c h r ie b e n e r u n d b e g la u b ig te r A u s z u g des H e r r n B e z ir k s d e k a n , P f a r r e r B é la B e rta la n (2 7 . F e b r. u n d a t i e r t u n d u n s ig n ie rt, a u f g r u n d s e in e r G rö ß e u n d C h a r a k ­ t e r m ü s s e n w ir es z u d e n o b ig e n G r u n d r is s e n g e h ö re n d b e ­ 1 9 78) — L y ka, К . : A d a lé k o k é p ít é s z e t ü n k tö r té n e té h e z . t r a c h t e n . E s g ib t w e ite re f ü n f D e ta i l z e ic h n u n g e n m it d e r S i­ ( B e itr ä g e z u r G e s c h ic h te u n s e r e r A r c h i t e k t u r . ) » M a g y a r M ű ­ v é s z e t« (U n g a ris c h e K u n s t) I X . (1 9 3 3 .) 2. S. 58 — 59. g n a t u r »A lois P ic h l A rc h it« , v i e r v o n i h n e n s in d d ie Z e ic h n u n ­ 88 S. A n m . 4. — A n n a Z á d o r h a t z u e r s t a n g e n o m m e n , g e n d e r W a n d d e k o r a tio n d e s g r o ß e n S a a ls im e r s te n S t o c k ­ d a ß d e r N a m e W ilh e lm P ic h l e ig e n tlic h d ie P e r s o n v o n A lois w e r k , e in e i s t d a s G e s im s p ro fil d e s W in t e r g a r t e n s . — D ie Z u ­ P ic h l d e c k t. ( Z á d o r - R ados, A n m . 85, o p . e it. S. 174.) s a m m e n g e h ö r ig k e it d e r D e k o r a t i o n s z e i c h n u n g e n u n d d e s 89 G ilhofer-R anschburg S. 122. ( P o s te n 3 1 6 1 .) G r u n d r is s e s d e s I. S to c k w e rk s w i r d d u r c h d ie F o rm u n d G r u p ­ 90 W ie n , P r i v a ts a m m lu n g . p ie r u n g d e r Ö ffn u n g e n d e s g r o ß e n S a a le s b e w ie s e n . Z o fa h l 91 S. L y k a , w ie A n m . 87. o p . e it. h a t d ie G ru n d ris s e w a h r s c h e in lic h v o n d e n n ic h t m e h r v o r ­ 92 Köves, J . : A z e n y é n g i te m p lo m . (D ie K ir c h e v o n h a n d e n e n P lä n e n P ic h ls k o p i e r t o d e r in irg e n d e in e r a n d e r e n E n y é n g .) » R elig io é s N e v e lé s« (R e lig io n u n d E r z ie h u n g ) 1841. F o r m ( v ie lle ic h t z u m S t u d i u m z w e c k ) g e s c h a ffe n , a b e r u n s e ­ Z w e ite s H a l b ja h r , N r. 4 . S p a lte 58 — 60. D ie a u s fü h rlic h e r e r M e in u n g n a c h fo lg en sie d e n V o r s te llu n g e n d e s W ie n e r B e s c h r e ib u n g e r w ä h n t d ie M e is te r, d ie in d e r i n n e r e n A u s b il­ A r c h ite k te n . d u n g m it w i r k t e n , d e n A r c h i te k te n a b e r f ü h r t sie n i c h t a n . 65 Z o fa h l L . (1791 1864) w a r f r ü h e r H ö re r a n d e r W ie n e r 93 N a g y , w ie A n m . 13. o p . c it. I. 1857. S. 2 4 7 . ; » M a g y a rA k a d e m ie , s p ä t e r v o n M itte 1 8 1 3 b is 25. J u l i 1815 a r b e i te t e o rs z á g és a N a g y V ilág « (U n g a r n u n d d ie G ro ß e W e lt) V I. e r a n z w ei W ie n e r B a u te n v o n P i c h l (S c h lo ß in d e r H e r r e n ­ (1 8 7 0 ) 31. p . 371. g a s s e , B u r g b a s te i) te ils a ls Z e i c h n e r , te ils als M a u re rg e s e lle . 94 C sikvári, A . ( R e d .) : B o rs o d v á r m e g y e . (B o r s o d , G ö m ö r S . K o m á r ik , D. : É p íté s z k é p z é s é s m e s te r f e lv é te l a X I X . s z á ­ é s K is h o n t k . e. e. v á r m e g y é k ) . ( K o m i ta t B o rs o d . B o rs o d , z a d b a n . P e s ti m e s te re k és m e s t e r j e l ö l t e k ( A r c h ite k te n b ild u n g G ö m ö r u n d K i s h o n t K o m i ta t e ) . B u d a p e s t 1 9 3 9 . S. 136. u n d M e is te r a u f n a h m e im X I X . J a h r h u n d e r t . P e s te r M e is te r 95 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ) 12. H eft u n d M e i s te r k a n d id a te n ) . » É p íté s - É p íté s z e ttu d o m á n y « (» B a u N r . 30. Posten 585, 592. u n d B a u w is s e n s c h a ft« ) I I I . (1 9 7 2 ) N r . 4. S. 418. 98 Ebendort. P osten 732, 787. 88 G ilhofer-Ranschburg S. 1 2 0 . ( P o s t e n 3 1 1 4 .) D a s A q u a r e ll 97 E bendort. P osten 873. is t n ic h t v o rh a n d e n . 98 O L : C 128. H elytartótanácsi Ivt. ( S t a t t h a l t e r r a t s a r c h i v ) 87 Zádor, A . : P o lla c k M ih á ly 1 7 7 3 — 1855 (M ic h a e l P o l ­ D irectio in H y d ra u licis et A ed ilib u s, P rotokollen 1846, № la c k 1 7 7 3 - 1855). B u d a p e s t 1 9 6 0 . S. 1 7 3 - 1 7 5 ,'2 3 9 - 2 4 0 . 13, 434/3209. D ie z u r E in t r a g e b u c h n u m m e r g e h ö re n d e n D a s H a u s w u r d e v o n F r a n z W ie s e r 1 8 5 1 r a d ik a l u m g e b a u t. A k te n w u r d e n a u s g e m u s te r t. 88 G o th a is c h e s G e n e a lo g is c h e s T a s c h e n b u c h d e r F r e i h e r r ­ 99 E g r i É rs e k s é g E g y h á z i L e v é ltá r a ( K i r c h e n a r c h i v des lic h e n H ä u s e r a u f d a s J a h r 1 8 6 0 . G o t h a . O h n e D a tu m . S. 35 7 . E r z b i s t u m s in E g e r): T 1/28. a —g. ( I n R e ih e n f o lg e d e r B u c h ­ 89 » H a z a i ’s K ü lfö ld i T u d ó s í tá s o k « (» H e im a tlic h e u n d s ta b e n z e ic h e n ) H a u p t f a s s a d e , S e ite n f a s s a d e , F u n d a m e n t i e ­ A u s lä n d is c h e B e ric h te « ) 1820. I I . N r . 24. S. 181. ru n g s z e ic h n u n g , Q u e r s c h n it t , G ru n d ris s e , L ä n g s s c h n it t e , d e r 70 G ilhofer-Ranschburg S. 1 2 4 . ( P o s t e n 3 2 1 4 .) D a s A q u a re ll o b e r e T e il d e s T u r m e s . S i g n a tu r : » P ic h l A r c h it( e c t) « , a u s g e ­ is t n ic h t v o rh an d en . n o m m e n d ie F a s s a d e n z e ic h n u n g , w o r a u f b e s c h ä d i g t d ie fo l­ 71 » M a g y a ro rs z á g és a N a g y v ilá g « ( » U n g a rn u n d d ie g ro ß e g e n d e S ig n a tu r s t e h t : » P ic h l A r c h ite c t, M itg lie d d e r A k a d e ­ W e lt« ) V . (1 9 0 0 ) A p r i l - M a i , S. 10. m ie«. B e i d e r A u f f in d u n g d e r P lä n e h a t D r. P á l V o it H ilfe 72 M itte ilu n g v o n K á r o ly Ö rs i. g e le is te t. 73 M a g y a r N e m z e tis é g i Z s e b k ö n y v . N e m e s c s a lá d o k ( U n ­ Acta M ist « A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN 100 K o m á r ik , D . : D ie E n tw u r f k o n k u r r e i iz f ü r d a s P e s te r S t ä n d e h a u s v o m J a h r e 1844. » A c ta T e c h n ic a « L X X V I I . (1 9 7 4 ) 1 - 3 . S. 251 288. Ü b e r d ie R o lle v o n A lo is P ic h l : S. 2 7 2 -2 7 3 . 101 K eglevich K orrespondenz- Tagebücher (O L ) 12. H eft N r. 29. P osten 366 , 424. 102 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 30. P osten 560. 103 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 30. Posten 605. 104 E bendort. H eft N r. 30. P osten 549. 105 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 30. P osten 588 , 63 7 , 7 3 2 , 787. 106 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 30. P osten 626. 107 Ebendort. H eft N r. 35. P osten 910. 108 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 30. P osten 745, 857. H eft N r. 31. Posten 899, 9 1 9 , 9 5 3 , 1062. 109 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 30. P osten 808 , 824. H e ft N r . 31. Posten 901, 9 9 1 , 1018 , 1098. — D a m it h a t d e r G r a f k e in e b e ­ s o n d e re I n d i s k r e ti o n v e r ü b t. A u s s e in e n B rie fe n s te llt sic h h e r a u s , d a ß d ie G e h e im h a ltu n g a u c h v o n d e n b e w e rb e n d e n A r c h i te k te n n i c h t e r n s t g e n o m m e n w u rd e — n a tü r l i c h n u r g e g e n ü b e r K e g le v ic h , d e r z u r A b w ic k lu n g d e s W e t t b e ­ w e rb s , n i c h t a b e r z u r B e u r te ilu n g u n d E r te i lu n g d e s P re is e s b e r e c h tig t w a r. 110 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 30. P osten 837. 111 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 30. P osten 769. 112 E bendort. H eft N r. 30. P osten 824. K e g le v ic h b e ­ m e r k t a u c h , d a ß es u n n ö t ig se i, d e n F a m ilie n n a m e n d e r M u t­ t e r P ic h ls z u e r w ä h n e n , a n s te lle v o n »C olosvár« sei so w ie so » K o lo sv ä r« d ie r ic h tig e S c h r if tf o r m , v g l. a u c h A n m . 6. I n d e r e n d g ü ltig e n F o r m d e r B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g t r i t t d e r N a m e n i c h t a u f. 113 E bendort. H eft N r. 31. P osten 1027 , 1098. 114 Ebendort. H eft N r. 31. P osten 1047. 115 Ebendort. H eft N r. 31. P osten 1082. 116 E bendort. H e ft N r. 31. P osten 1098. 117 O L : N 24. A rc h ív u m p a la tin a le archiducis Jo sep h i. Protocollum centrale, 1845. № 1776. 118 K eglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ) 12. lie ft N r. 35. Posten 976. N a c h K e g le v ic h h ä t t e m a n a u f d a s M o d e ll n i c h t 2, s o n d e r n 4 E c k t ü r m e s te lle n so llen . 119 Ebendort. P osten 985. 120 O L : H 37. A z 1848/49-i m in iszté riu m levéltára. K ö z ­ m u n k a - és K özlekedésügyi M in is zté r iu m Irattára. K özépítészeti O sztály. Ira to k 1848. ( M in is te r iu m s a r c h iv 1 848/49. A rc h iv d e s M in is te riu m s f ü r Ö ffe n tlic h e A r b e ite n u n d V e rk e h rs w e s e n . Ö ffe n tlic h e B a u a b te ilu n g . A k te n 1 8 4 8 .) Fons 3 ., Posten 7, la . 2 , 2a. 121 O L : N 112. A c ta g estio n is A rc h iv i R egni № 863. P ic h l e r w ä h n t in s e in e m B rie f, d a ß d ie O rig in a lp lä n e , d ie w a h r s c h e in lic h d e r v e r z i e r t e n A u s a r b e itu n g a ls G ru n d la g e d ie n te n , e in E x e m p l a r d e r B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g e n b e i ih m se ie n . D a s M o d ell w e rd e a b e r v o n A n to n B r a n d i. B ild h a u e r in P r e ß b u rg , v e r w a h r t. 122 B T M . K is c e lli M ú z e u m . K é z ir a t- és N y o m t a t v á n y t á r (M u s e u m in K is c e ll. M a n u s k r ip te n - u n d D r u c k s a m m lu n g ) : In v . N r. 7 2 .3 6 .1 . D ie e ig e n tlic h e B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g i s t e in H e f t in L e d e r e in b a n d m it 15 B l ä t t e r n . D a z u g e h ö re n n o c h d re i s e p a ­ r a te B l ä t t e r : d e r K o s te n a n s c h la g d e s B a u e s u n d d e r D e k o r a ­ tio n (d ie 9 9 9 .8 6 8 r e s p . 1 4 5 .0 0 0 G u ld e n b e tr a g e n ) , so w ie d ie B e s c h re ib u n g d e s M o d e lls . D e ta ils a u s d e r B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g , so w ie d ie d e s M o d e lls s. in A n h a n g B . 123 D e r r o m a n tis c h e U m b a u w u rd e z u e r s t v o n D é n e s K o ­ m á r ik k u rz b e h a n d e lt , v g l. K o m á rik w ie A n m . 1. S. 444 —450. Z u r G e s c h ic h te d e s B u rg s c h lo s s e s v g l. J a n k o v ic , V. : К d e j in a m k a s tie l’a v o V e l’k y c h U h e r c ia c h . » V la s tiv e d n y ta s o p is « X X I I . (1 9 7 3 ) 2. S. 70 75. 124 Szerém i és E rn y e y J ó z s e f [ P s e u d o n y m v o n A . O d e sc a lc h i ]: A M a j th é n y i a k és a F e lv id é k . (D ie M a jth é n y is u n d O b e r u n g a r n .) , I. B u d a p e s t 1905. S. 9 — 10. D a s e r w ä h n te K in d is t f r ü h g e s to r b e n . E s w ird in d e n g e n e a lo g is c h e n H a n d ­ b ü c h e r n n i c h t a u f g e f ü h r t . E b e n d a is t e in a u s f ü h r lic h e r B e ­ r i c h t ü b e r d e n Z u s t a n d v o r d e m U m b a u zu f in d e n . 125 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ) 12.H eft N r. 30. Posten 866. I m B r ie f a n F ü r s te n L ic h n o v s k y b e ­ r i c h t e t K e g le v ic h a u s f ü h r lic h ü b e r d e n d a m a lig e n Z u s ta n d d e s G e b ä u d e s u n d ü b e r d e n A n fa n g d e r A rb e ite n . 126 D e r Z u s ta n d v o r d e m g o tis ie r e n d e n U m b a u w ird d u r c h d ie fa rb ig e L ito g r a p h ie v o n F . W o lf d a r g e s te llt. M a g y a r N e m ­ z e ti M ú z e u m , T ö r té n e lm i K é p c s a r n o k (U n g a ris c h e s N a t io n a l ­ 111 m u s e u m , H is to ris c h e B ild e r g a le r ie ) : I n v . N r. T 6 0 .2 6 . N a c h B e w e is d e r K o r r e s p o n d e n z d e s G ra fe n f e r t i g t e d e r W ie ­ n e r F . W o lf im A u f tr ä g e d e s A r is to k r a te n z a h lr e ic h e Z e ic h ­ n u n g e n , re s p . S tic h e ü b e r d a s S c h lo ß in K i s t a p o lc s á n y u n d a u c h ü b e r d a s in N a g y u g r ö c . E in ig e v o n ih n e n w e rd e n in d e r o b e n g e n a n n te n S a m m lu n g u n t e r I n v e n ta r n u m m e r n T 14. 16, T 14.18, T 1 4 .1 9 , T 1 4 .3 3 , T 6 0 .1 6 , T 6 0 .2 6 . T 84.63 a u f b e w a h r t. 127 S. A n m . 20. 128 K o m á rik w ie A n m . 1, S. 432 444. 129 Keglevich K orrespondenz-Tagebücher (O L ) 12. lie ft N r . 30. Posten 511. 130 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 31. P osten 1077. 131 Ebendort. H eft N r . 31. P osten 1035. 132 E bendort. H e ft N r . 31. P osten 970. 133 Ebendort. H e ft N r. 31. P osten 970. 134 Ebendort. H eft N r. 28. P osten 759. H eft N r. 32. P osten 27. m K u b in y i , F . V ahoi , / . ( R e d .) : M a g y a r- é s E r d é ly o r s z á g k é p e k b e n . (U n g a r n u n d S ie b e n b ü r g e n in B ild e rn ) I I I . P e s t 1 8 5 4 . S. 120. Keglevich K orrespondenz-T agebücher N r. 32. P osten 444. 137 K u b i n y i — Vahot w ie A n m . 135. (O L ) 12. H eft 138 S. A n m . 16. K e g le v ic h b e s a ß z. B. d a s W e r k v o n B ritB ra y le y , E . W . : T h e B e a u tie s o f E n g la n d a n d W a le s . . . 1. X X V . L o n d o n 1801 16. Eötvös, J . : A f a lu j e g y ­ z ő je . (D e r D o r f n o ta r ) I. P e s t . 1845. S. 233. In d e m W e rk s te llt E ö tv ö s e in e n u n g a r is c h e n A d e lig e n v o r , d e r a ls e in e ty p is c h e F ig u r d e r E p o c h e in s e in e r A n g lo m a n ie se in H a u s a u f g r u n d L oudons E n c y c lo p a e d ia o f C o tta g e , . . . A r c h i te c t u r e . . . ( L o n d o n 1833) b a u e n l ä ß t . 139 K eglevich K orrespondenz-T agebücher (O L ) 12. H eft N r. 30. Posten 819 , 857 , H e ft N r . 28. Posten 710. 140 Ebendort. H eft N r . 30. Posten 787. 141 Ebendort. H eft N r. 28. P osten 71. 142 Ebendort. H eft N r. 31. Posten 984. 143 Ebendort. H eft N r. 30. 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ProtoF ons 51., Pos. 12 ., f o li o 5 — 15. l tens S tu d ie r te ich d ie S c h ö e n e K ü n s te in I t a l i e n , u n d g u te n T a le n te , n e b s t d e n s ittlic h s te n B e tr a g e n d e r g e s ta lt f r e q u e n tir e , d a ß e r u n t e r d ie s e r Z e it, s e in e V o r h in sc h o n e rw o rb e n e K e n t n iß e in d e r A r c h ite c tu r , n ic h n u r , u m s e h r v ieles e r w e i t e r t e u n d v e r m e h r te , s o n d e r n a u c h m e h re re P r a c h tg e b ä u d e a u s e ig n e r E r f in d u n g s e lb s t e n tw o r f e n , u n d h ie d u r c h g e z e u g t h a t , d a ß e r so w o h l in Z e ic h n e n a ls in d e r z w a r i n M a ila n d (w o ich A n n o 1 7 7 5 g e b o re n b in ) a u f A n - A u sw ahl e m p f e lu n g W a ila n d S e in e r K ö n ig . H o c h a it d e s E r z h e r z o g F e r d i n a n d u n t e r d e r L e itu n g d e s H . D ir e c to r s P ie r M a r in i u n d a u s e ig n e r K r a f t z u g e h e n v e rm a g . D e s w e g e n e r a u c h a lle r A r te n b e s t e n s a n e m p fo le n z u w e rd e n v e r d ie n t. u n d A r c h i te c t e n P o la h ( L a u d W ien d e n 7 ten F e b r u a r y 1801 E in s c h lis s ig e n Z e u g n is s m i t t L i t t e r a A .) u n d n a c h m e h r e r e n R e is e n in I t a l i e n , s a m e lte ic h m ir a u c h d ie n ö th ig e K e n t n is s e n in S tra s s e n , u n d W a s ­ s e r - B a u , in V e n e z ia n is c h e n , u n d ü b e r h a u b t a n d e r A d r i a ­ F é rd . d e r V e r z ie r u n g e n v iele G e s c h ic k lic h k e it L. S. H o h e n b erg D ire c to r b e s itz e , A n d r e a s F is c h e r k. k . R a t h u n d P ro fe s s o r d e r B a u k u n s t V. t is c h e n K ü s te . 2 tens p ja b e icjj m e h re re B a u e in N e i s t a d t , B r ü n n & a n g e ­ G e o rg P e in o r d n e t , u n d h a b e b e y 15 M o n a t h e in K . K . B a u d e p a r te m e n t z u B r ü n n u n t e r d e m H . A r c h i t e c t e n K r ie g h a m m e r g r a tis k . k . R a t h d . A c a d e m ie u n d P r o fe s s o r d e r B a u k u n s t p r a c t i c i e r t , u n d d a d u r c h m ir d ie n ö th ig e n K e n n t n is s e n in V ic e n z F is c h e r d e r h i e r z u L a n d e ü b lic h e O e c o n o m is c h e n N o r m a l B a u a r t g e s a m e lt , w ie a u c h die A r t W e is e d ie s e Ü b e rs c h lä g e z u v e r ­ fa sse n . 2 tens B e s u c h te ich d u rc h m eh re re Ja h re (L a u t k . k . R a th P ro fe s s o r d e r B a u k u n s t , O b tic k u n d P e r s p e c t i f E in - s c h lie s s ig e n Z eü g n iss m it L i t t e r a B .) a u c h d ie W ie n n e r K . K . f r e y A c c a d e in ie B ild e n . K ü n s t e , u n d r e s t a u r i r t e n a c h e r o d ie J o h a n i t e r M a lte s e r K ir c h e G e g e n w ä r tig K ö n ig . U n g a ­ r is c h e N a t io n a l K irc h e in W ie n , v o n I n e n , u n d v o n A u s s e n . j t e n s B a t t e ich d ie E h r e ü b e r 6 J a h r e als L e h r e r d e r B a u k u n s t d e r E rz h e rz o g e K ö n ig . H o c h h a i t e n B r ü d e r I h r e M a j e s t ä t , d e r K a is e rin u n d K ö n i g i n z u sa in , b e y w e lc h e n S t u d i u m s E n d e S. K . H o c h h a i t e n d e n n E r z h e r z o g F r a n z , M a x im ilia n u n d C arl W e ila n d P r i m a s , d ie b e s te n A n e m p ­ f e h lu n g e n b e y V o rk o m e n d e r g e le g e n h a it z u v e r s p r e c h e n d ie G n a d e h a t t e n a u f w elch e ic h m ir z u b a u e n g e tr a u e . Z e u g n iß Ic h e n d e s g e f e r tig te r b e k e n n e u n d b e z e u g e h ie m it, d a ß o r tig e n B a u a m t e g e a r b e it e t, u n d s ic h b e y b e s t e r K o n d u ite so w o h l z u r A u s a r b e it - u n d Z e ic h n u n g m a n ig f ä ltig e r B a u ­ p lä n e , a ls a u c h in S a c h e n d e r V o r a u s m ä ß e n , K o s te n a n ­ s c h lä g e u n d d ie s f ä llig e r B e r e c h n u n g e n m it u n a u s g e s e tz te n a u s n e h m e n d e n F le iß u n d E ife r, w ie a u c h m it v ie l G e sc h ü k k lic h k e it u n d K e n n t n i ß A tte s ta te ) m e h re re n s o m it A t t e s t i a m o che il S ig n o r F e r d i n a n d o P ic h l A r c h i te tt o (ra c - H e rr F e r d in a n d P ic h e l d u r c h F ü n f z e h n M o n a th e b e y d e m h ie r- v e r w e n d e t, a n e b s t z u s e in e r im m e r P e r f e k z io n ir u n g sic h v ie l F ä c h ig k e it alle in K ü n s te a n g e s p a n n e t, g e d a c h te n c o m a n d a t o c i di S u a A lte z a R e a le il S e re n is s im o A r c id u c a O e c o n o m ie -F a c h e b e y g e le k t h a b e . W a h r e is t m e in e h i e r u n t e r g e s te llte fe rtig u n g . F e r d i n a n d o D ’a u s tr ia G o v e r n a t o r e d i M ila n o & & & ) a f a t t o il s u o c o rso d ’A r c h i te tt u r a e d ’I n g e g n o , n e lla n o s t r a R . B r ü n n d . 2 9 ten M a y 812 L . S. A c c a d e m ia di B re ra , o v e si a s e m p r e d is tin to t a n t o n e lla S t u d i o A n tic o , q u a n to M o d e r n o , a v e n d o s t u d i a t o in c o n - B aukunst U rk u n d und und d e sse n M a th ia s K r i e g h a m e r k. k . m ä h . s h c le s . p r o v . O b e rb a u d ir e c tio n s A r c h i te k t t i n u o c o n la rn a g io r D ilig e n z a e Z e lo , p e r c u i è d e g n o , c o m e p u r e in ra g io n e , d e lla s u a N o b ile C o n d u itta di e s s e re ra c c o m a n d a t o a C h iu n q u e d a N o i. M ila n o . L i 5. M agio 1796 L . S. A r c h i t e t t o P ie rM a rin i D i r e tt o r e A r c h i t e t t o P o lla c h P ro fe s s o re B. A lois P ich ls Baubeschreibung zu seinem eingereichten W ettbew erbsentw urf f ü r das P reisausschreiben des Pester P arlam ents 1844. BTM M useum in K isc e ll. M a n u s c r ip te n - u n d D ru c k ­ s a m m lu n g : I n v . N r. 72.36.1 Z e u g n iß V o n d e r K . K . B a u k u n s t A c a d e m ie w ird d e m H e r r n F e r d i ­ n a n d V . P ic h l h ie m it d a s Z e u g n iß e r th e ile t, d a ß e r d ie s e A c a d e m ie d u r c h d re y J a h r e m i t v o r z ü g lic h e m F le iß e . e in e m Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28, 1982 Die e ig e n tlic h e B a u b e s c h r e ib u n g : A n sich ten des A rchitekten A equa P otestas seine beikom ­ m enden B a u p lä n e und B eschreibung derselben betreffend N ovem ber 1844. 113 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGARN A n s ic h te n d e s A r c h ite k te n u n d B e s c h r e ib u n g se in e s B a u p r o je k t e s , d ie C o n c u rs A u s ­ w ird . U n d d a e s in d e r G e s c h ic h te m e n s c h lic h e n S tr e b e n s , s o n d e r b a r e F a s e n g i b t, so d ü r f t e es b a ld n i e m a n d e n b e f re m ­ s c h r e ib u n g d e d a to 2. J u n i 1 8 4 4 a u s P r e ß b u r g , d e n , w e n n in e in e r c h a r a k te r l o s e n Z e it d a s w a h r e G rie c h is c h R ö m is c h s t a tt i s c h e P r i n c ip d e r a llg e m e in a n e r k a n n t e n s c h ö ­ w e r tu n g von B a u p lä n e n fü r e in in P e sth d ie E n t ­ zu e rb a u e n d e s L a n d h a u s , m it e in e r es u m g e h e n d e n P r o m e n a d e b e tre ffe n d . n e n u n d e d le n A r c h i t e k t u r d u r c h die I n d i v i d u a l i t a c t d e r D ie d u r c h C o n c u rs -A u s s c h re i h u n g k u n d g e g e b e n e s c h ö n e I d e e , u n d e in d e r g ro ß e n N a tio n e h r e b r in g e n d e n B e s c h lu ß , in P e s t h e in g ro ß a rtig e s L a n d s tä n d is c h e s G e b ä u d e z u e r ­ neueren B a u - K ü n s t l e r , u n d s e ih s t d e r B a u - H e r r n d ie o f t e in r i c h t e n , w ird B au fac h e s u c h t, u n d d a s S t r e b e n , N e u h e ite n , w e n n a u c h g a n z o h n e b e s t ir n t h a b e n , d ie s e r s e lte n e n u n d i n te r e s s a n te n A u f f o r d e ­ v e r n ü n ftig e n P r in z ip u n d , v o n je d e r g e s e tz lic h e n R e g e l e n tb u n d e n , z u T a g e b r in g e n z u w o lle n , o d e r b e s s e r z u s a g e n w o h l m e is te n s a u c h N e u lin g e im r u n g b e iz u t r e t e n , d ie sic h b e m ü h t h a b e n w e rd e n ih r, w e n n a u c h d u r c h P r a k t i k n o c h n i c h t g e ü b te s u n d v ö llig a u s g e ­ b ild e te s T a l e n t w o m ö g lic h z u e n tf a lt e n . E s d ü r f t e n d a h e r B e sse rs v e r s te h e n w o lle n , a u f so lc h e W e ise v e r d r ä n g t z u w e rd e n in G e fa h r s t ü n d e . A b e r n u r die a b w e c h s e ln d e M o d e m a n m ö c h te f a s t z u m G la u b e n v e r le ite t w e r d e n , d ie M e n g e o d e r w e n ig s te n s e in ig e d e r e in g e b ild e te n M e h rw is s e r h ä t t e n w o h l u n t e r g u te n , a u c h b iz a rre C o n c e p tio n e n z u r W e lt g e ­ d a s U n v e rg ä n g lic h e P o e tis c h - E r h a b e n e d e r g e d ie g e n e n G rie ­ b r a c h t w o r d e n se in ; w e lch e d u r c h d e n h e u tz u t a g e so ü b e r ­ c h is c h e n A r c h i te k tu r n o c h la n g e n ic h t h i n r e ic h e n d b e g riffe n u n d w ü rd ig e n g e w u ß t, w e n ig s te n s in so la n g e n i c h t , als h a n d n e h m e n d e n G e s c h m a c k lo s ig k e its -S in n u n d d u r c h Ü b e r ­ g e h u n g a lle r s c h u lg e re c h te n R e g e ln , d e r w a h r e n , u n d e in z ig je n e d e n a b s u r d e n G la u b e n h e g e n , d a s E r h a b e n e im G e b ie th e g e d ie g e n e n G rie c h is c h -rö m is c h e n A r c h i te k tu r , d u r c h k le in ­ lic h n i c h t s s a g e n d e in d e r K u n s tw e l t h o f f e n tlic h b a ld w ie d e r d e r A r c h i te k tu r u n te r lie g e a u c h d e n G e s e tz e n d e r M o d e . — D ieses a lle in k ö n n t e a ls G r u n d a n g e f ü h r t w e r d e n , d a ß v e r s c h w in d e n d e o r n a m e n ti r t e n D e ta ile g e s c h m ü c k t, u n d in s c h ö n e n f ä r b e n d a r g e s te llt, v ie lle ic h t g a r in R o c o c o , R e ­ e in e z e itla n g d a s n a is s a n c e o d e r B iz a n tin is c h e n - G o th is c h e n S ty l, d e n n a c h g e ­ fä llig , u n d f ü r d e n e r s te n A n b lic k b e s te c h lic h , e r s c h e in e n , w o d u rc h b e s s e rn v ie lle ic h t a n d e re nach A l t e r t h u m s c o n c ip irte g le ic h s a m v e rd u n k e lt K ü n s tl e r im w e rd e n C la s s is c h e n W e rk e , d ü rfte n . M u s te rn des e in e n A u g e n b lic k D er g e h o rs a m s te L a n d e d e r K ü n s te d u r c h e in e a lta d e lig e U n - g a r in n g e b o r e n , in I t a l i e n a u s g e b ild e t, u n d in W ie n a ls p r a k ti s c h e r K ü n s tle r d u r c h s e in e W e rk e b e k a n n t , f a ß te d e n n o c h d e n E n ts c h lu ß , n ic h t u m m i t j e n e n w e tte ife r n z u w o lle n , s o n d e r n u m d e m V a t e r l a n d e s e in e r u n v e r g e ß lic h e n M u t t e r n a c h s e in e n K r ä f te n im B a u f a c h e e in ig e D ie n s te le is te n z u k ö n n e n , u n d e r w a g e t e s d a h e r s e in e n b e ik o m m e n ­ d e n E n t w u r f d a s P e s th e r L a n d h a u s b e tr e f f e n d , E in e r z u d ie s e m E n d e a u s g e s a n d te n H : L : K ö n ig : G u te , u n d f ü r je d e Z e it u n u m s t ö ß li c h S c h ö n e d ie s e r e d le n K u n s t e in e Z u r ü c k s e tz u n g e rle id e n m u ß te , w as a b e r h o f f e n tlic h d u r c h die n ä c h s te Z u k u n f t, d u r c h a b e rm a lig e V e r tilg u n g neueren g e s c h m a c k lo s e n V e r ­ w o r r e n h e ite n im K u n s tf a c h e e in e w o h lth ä tig e U m s t a lt u n g w ie d e r e r la n g e n d ü r f t e . — E s f ü h lt s ic h d a h e r d e r A r c h i te k t a ls e in ä lt e r e r P r a k t i k e r u n d a ls e in , a u s u n g a r is c h e m B lu te E n ts p r o s s e n e r v e r p f l i c h ­ t e t , E in e r I I : L : R e ic h s - D e p u ta tio n a u f d a s in g e g e n ­ w ä r tig e r Z e it z u m g ro ß e n N a c h th e il d e r s c h ö n e n K ü n s te im m e r w e ite r u m s ic h G re ife n , v o n u n ä s t h e t i s c h e n C o n c e p ­ t io n e n g e h o r s a m s t a u f m e r k s a m z u m a c h e n , u n d e r h a t die E h r e z u e r k lä r e n , d a ß e r z u d ie s e m öffentlichen , k o stspieligen u n d d e m L a n d e ehrebringenden G e b ä u d e , d e n g e d ie g e n e n u n d e d le n G riechisch-R öm isch P alladianischen B a u s t y l g e ­ U n g a ris c h e n w ä h lt h a t, w o d u r c h d a s W e rk a ls e in b le ib e n d e s f ü r je d e R e ic h s D e p u t a t i o n e h r f u r s c h s tv o ll u n d z u r g n ä d ig e n W ü r ­ d ig u n g u n t e r z u b r e i t e n . Z e it g r o ß a rtig e s , k e in e r M o d e u n te r lie g e n d e s M o n u m e n t e rs c h e in e n d ü r f t e ; d e n n es d ü r f te fü r w a h r a n e r k a n n t E r e r l a u b t sic h je d o c h , b e v o r e r m it d e r B e s c h re ib u n g w e rd e n , d a ß j e d e r g e is tr e ic h e u n d fü r d a s G ro ß e in d e r se in e s P r o j e k te s b e g in n t, d u r c h e in e n f lü c h tig e n B lic k a u f K u n s t e m p fä n g lic h e M e n s c h im L a n d e d e r K u n s t ( I t a l i e n ) d ie g e g e n w ä r tig e in u th w illig e B e h a n d l u n g d e r A r c h i te k tu r , u n d a u f d e n B e s ta n d d e rs e lb e n N a c h s te h e n d e s g e h o r s a m s t kleinliche v o r a n g e h e n z u la s se n . — D a le id e r in d ie s e r E p o c h e n ic h t a lle in b e i d e n n e u e n K ü n s tle r n , s o u d e r n w o h l a u c h s c h o n w ird , u n d es u n t e r b r e i t e t e r fu r c h ts v o ll d e r f ü r d ie K u n s t le b e n d e A r c h ite k t d ie s e s s e in B a u - P r o je k t E in e r H : L : s e lb s t u n t e r d e n P ro fe s s o re n d ie s e s so e d le n F a c h e s , s ic h K ö n ig : U n g a r : R e ic h s D ep u ta tio n v o n d e n o b e r n A n s ic h te n b e g le ite t, n ic h t u m s e in W e r k lo b e n z u w o lle n , s o n d e r n u m d e r W a h n z u m N a c h th e il d e r K u n s t e r h o b e n h a t, b e i n i c h t d u r c h d ie G roßartigkeit d e r C o n c e p tio n in M a s s e n , u n d nicht D ekorationen t i e f v o n ih re r W ir k u n g e rg rif f e n a lle in ig e r V e rn a c h lä s s ig u n g , s o n d e r n d u r c h f a s t g ä n z lic h e B e s e itig u n g , d e r v o n d e n v o r z ü g lic h s te n k la s s is c h e n A u c to - d e r K u n s t n ic h t z u s c h a d e n , u n d u m d e r L ö b l : U n g a r : N a ­ re n in d e n b l ü h e n d s te n Z e ite n , d e r b e s s e re u n d e r h a b e n s te n A r c h i te k tu r , u n d z w a r n a c h d e n G e s e tz e n V itr u v s , v o n A n sich te n des A rc h ite k te n seinen B a u p la n b etreffen d , u n d M ic h e l-A n g e lo , B u o n a r o tti, v o n F o n t a n a , G iu lio s a n G a llo , P ro g ra m m . tio n p flic h ts c h u ld ig e in ig e n D ie n s t le is te n z u w o lle n . z w a r in O r d n u n g s fo lg e d e r a llg e m e in e n E r i n n e r u n g e n im B ru n e lle s c h o , B r a m a n te , P e r u z z i, M a d e rn o , S e rlio , V ig n o la , S c a m o z z i, S a n s o v in o , u n d v o n d e m u n s t e r b li c h e n A n d re a P a lla d io w o h lg e g r ü n d e te n , u n d f ü r a lle Z e ite n f e s tg e s te llte n R e g e ln , d ie J a h r h u n d e r t e v o n d e r g a n z e n v e r n ü n f tig e n K ü n s tl e r w e l t b e a c h te t u n d n a c h g e a h m t w o rd e n s in d , — n u n m it a n m a s s e n d e r R ü h e h e it e in e n n e u e n o d e r v ie lm e h r z u - ad l murn D a d ie F o r m d e s N e u e n M a rk te s i n P e s th k e in g le ic h s e itig e s Q u a d r a t is t , w ü h lte d a h e r d e r K ü n s t l e r e in P a ra le llo g r a in in a ls G r u n d f o r m , w o d u rc h fü r d ie P r o m e n a d e , n a c h d e r v o n ih m a n g e g e b e n e n S te llu n g d e s G e b ä u d e s , a m m e is te n R a u m e r ü b r i g e t, u n d a u c h n o c h b e q u e m e G ü s se n fta in m e n g e s e tz e n T ip u s im A r c h i te k tu r - F a c h e g rü n d e n z u w o lle n , d e r a u f g a r k e in e A r ith m e tis c h - G e o m e tr is c h g e o r d ­ n e te R e g e l g e f u ß t i s t ; s o n d e r n a lle in ig a u f f a n ta s t i s c h z u ­ u m d a s s e lb e g e w o n n e n w e r d e n k ö n n e n . s a m m e n g e s u c h te n R o c o c o , R e n a is s a n c e , B iz a n tin is c h , M a u ­ d ie S te llu n g , d e s s e lb e n ( d a s M itte l d e s e in e n S e ite n - r is a lits ris c h u n d G o th is c h e n S ty l e in C h a o s b ild e t, d u r c h d e n j e d ­ k o r r e s p o n d ir t m it d e m M itte l d e r b e id e n Q u e r - G a s s e n A w e d e s n u r w e n ig g e ü b te s A u g e im e r l a u b t e in e g r o ß a r tig e H a u p t F a c c a d e - F r o n t v o n 66. K la f- 8 K u n s tf a c h e , b e le id ig t ad 2dum D iese v o n ih m g e w ä h lte G e b ä u d e G r u n d f o r m , sow ie : В) Acta H ist. Art. Hung. Tom us 28, 1982 114 J. SISA ter ; d e n S ty l b e tr e f f e n d w ä h lte e r e in e in g ro ß e n u n d d ie ü b r ig e n L . T . H e r r n M itg lie d e r n e h m e n d e n S a a l d is p o n i r te , R a u m n a c h d e r Q u e r s itz e n d e in u n d z w a r a u f a llm ä h lig e r h ö h te n S itz e n . A ls H a u p t Z u t r i t in d e n S a a l b e s te h e n drei A n o rd n u n g . und v o n e in e r e d le n D ie A n o rd n u n g der M assen S im p lic ita e t b e h e r r s c h t e w ü rd e v o lle n d ü r f t e j e n e r w e ltb e r ü h m te n C o llo n n a d e a m C o llo n a d e L o u v re P a la s i sechs F u ß breite T h ü re a u s d e n V o rz im m e rn u n d v o r d e r h a n d z u P a r i s in N ic h ts n a c h s te h e n , i n d e m bei je n e r w e g e n d e r C o llo n n e b i n a t e sic h d a s I n t e r c o l u m n i u m , u n g le ic h g e s t a l t e t , h ie r a b e r d a s sc h ö n G r ie c h is c h - R ö m is c h V e r h ä ltn iß im i s t ein e im I n t e r c o lu m n i u m , d u r c h g e h e n d s e n tw ic k e l t ist. D ie H a u p t ­ A ls E i n t r i t f ü r d e n P r a e s i d e n t e n d ie n t d ie im M itte l d e r g ro ß e n N is c h e b e f in d lic h e g ro ß e T h ü r z, u n d z w a r d u rc h f o r m d e r F a ç ç a d e b ild e t e in P a r a le llo g r a m m v o n 1 z u 5, u n d d e r m ä c h tig e U n t e r b a u l ä ß t d ie d a r ü b e r m a j e s t ä t is c h p r a n g e n d e C o llo n n a d e le ic h t u n d e r h a b e n e rs c h e in e n , u n d d ie is o lie r te n S ä u le n , m ü s s e n e in e n d u r c h d rin g e n d e n , b le i­ b e n d e n E in d r u c k a u f d e n b e s c h a u e r b e w irk e n , in s b e s o n d e r e w e n n d ie s e lb e n v o n fä rb ig e n M a r m o r m it d e n M e ta ll K a p i t ä - M itte l d e r la n g e n W a n d in d ie H o f S ä u le n - G a lle rie in A n t r a g y , u n d f ü r d ie Z u h ö r e r l e t z te r e , u n d die b e id e n T h ü r e n d e r G a lle rie T r e p p e n № 89 & № 91. d ie ä u ß e re G a lle rie im K re u z - C o r r id o r № 91 v o n d e n b e id e n H a u p ts tie g e n № 92 & № 93 u n d a u s d e n b e id e n P r ä s id e n ­ te n L o c a lita e te n . Es b e ste h e n daher v o rd e rh a n d s ie b e n E in g ä n g e in d ie s e n M a g n a te n S a a l u n d v ie r E in g ä n g e a u f d ie G a lle rie d ie s e s S a a le s , z u w e lc h e r a b e r v o n d e r ä u ß e r n H o f- le r n a b w e c h s e ln d e in e n p i k a n t e n c o n t r a s t h e r v o r r u f e n w e r ­ G a lle rie n a c h B e d a r f z u L o g e n n o c h s ie b e n d u r c h d ie F e n s te r den. b e w e rk s te llig t w e r d e n k ö n n t e n . q. № 94 G ro ß e T r e p p e , ü b e r w e lc h e m a n in d ie b e id e n ad 3 lum D a s F lä c h e n m a ß o d e r d ie B a u A re a m iß t 2543 □ K l a f te r , u n d d ie H a u p t - F a ç ç a d e i s t d e r D o n a u z u g e k e h r t. ad 4 um D ie P ro m e n a d e A n la g e i s t a u f d e m h e ik o m m e n d e n S itu a tio n s P la n e e r s ic h tlic h , u n d nach d e r M e in u n g des K ü n s tl e r s so llen d ie B o s q u e ts ( B ä u m e ) u n te r d e r S c h e re g e h a l t e n w e rd e n , d a m it d ie F a ç ç a d e n ic h t m a s k ir t w e rd e . Z w ei B a s a in s m it S p r i n g b r u n n e n d ü r f t e n d ie s e r P a r t e r r e A n la g e a ls b e le b e n d e Z ie rd e n d i e n e n , u n d d a s W a s s e r v i e l ­ le ic h t m i t t e l s ein es S c h ö p f w e r k e s a n d e r D o n a u e r h a l te n . Z w e i S t a n d b il d e r in k o llo s s a le r G rö ß e , fü r d a s L a n d v e r ­ d i e n t e r M ä n n e r, w ä re n f r e ilic h n o c h sc h ö n e re u n d p a s s e n ­ d e re Z ie r d e n a u f d ie s e m ö f f e n t l i c h e n P r a c h t- P la tz e ! V o rz im m e r № 95 & № 96 u n d in d ie G a r d e r o b e № 97 z u m S ta e n d e S a a l № 98 g e la n g t. D ie se r, d e m M a g n e te n S a a le in se in e r H a u p t f o r m w o h l ä h n lic h , so ll s ic h d u r c h e in e m in d e r re ic h e A u s s t a t t u n g , v o n d e n a n d e r e u n t e r s c h e id e n , u n d d a s in n e re M a ß is t 164 Q uadrat K la fte r , w o z u n o c h lin k s u n d r e c h ts d e r n o c h z u b e n ü tz e n d e R a u m u n t e r d e r G a lle rie m e h r o d e r w e n ig e r g e w o n n e n w e rd e k a n n . D a s H a u p tv e rh ä ltn iß d ie s e r b e id e n S ä ä le i s t n a c h ih r e r L ä n g e u n d H ö h e zw ei Q u a d r a te u n d n a c h d e r B r e ite u n d H ö h e e in Q u a d r a t , d a h e r v o lls tä n d ig h a r m o n i s c h , u n d d ie v ie le n r u n d e n S ä u le n , la s ­ se n w e g e n d e r n i c h t C o n c e n tr iru n g s o n d e r n w e g e n d e r Z e r s tr e n u n g d e r S c h a ll s t r a h le n d ie b e s te a k u s tis c h e W irk u n g ad 5 um A u f d e m l it h o g r a f ir t e n G r u n d d es P la tz e s h a t d e r e rw a r te n . D a s L ic h t f ä ll t v o n O b e n liie n e in , u n d n a c h B e ­ d a r f a u c h a u s 14 g ro ß e n F enstern in 2,en Stocke. A r c h i t e k t d ie d e u te t . r. D ie e r w ä h n t e n b e id e n g ro ß e n T r e p p e n d e r M a g n a te n u n d S tä n d e , d ie b e id e n e r s t e r e n V o rz im m e r u n d d ie G a r d e ­ H a u p t- U m r is s e s e in e r G e b ä u d e F o r m ange­ ro b e n d a s e lb s t d ie n e n a ls A u fg a n g u n d d u r c h d ie H o f-S ä u le n ad 6um A b w e ic h u n g e n im M a ß w e r k , d e r fü r d a s I n n e r e v o r i g e s c h r ie b e n e n B e s ta n d th e ile , h a b e n n u r w en ig e P l a t z g e f u n ­ G a lle rie № 99 & № 100 a ls Z u g a n g in d ie V o rg a lle rie № 101 z u d e n g ro ß e n P r a c h t - S a a l № 102 f ü r g e m is c h te S itz u n ­ d e n , j e d o c h a b e r a u c h n u r d o r t , w o a lle n fa lls d ie E u r it h m ie u n d g e n , w e lc h e r 18 K la fte r lang u n d 10 K la fte r 5 Schuh breit S y m e tr i e e s f o r d e r te n , ü b r i g e n s m u ß t e is t, d a h e r m it A b s c h la g d e r S ä u le n u n d P o s ta m e n t e ü b e r 180 Quadrat K la fte r m iß t. d er A rc h ite k t a u f g u te s u n d h a rm o n is c h e s V e r h ä l t n is s d e r P ie c e n g e g e n e in ­ a n d e r S o rg e tr a g e n . N a c h s t e h e n d f o lg t, die B e s c h r e ib u n g d e r C o n c e p tio n u n d d e r in n e r e E i n t h e il u n g a lle r v o r g e s c h r i e ­ b e n e n B e d ü rfn is s e d e r W ü r d e d e r N a tio n e n ts p r e c h e n d , n a c h e in e r g ro ß a rtig e n A n la g e d e r E rfo rd e rn is s e in a r c h i ­ te k to n is c h g e re g e lte r A n o rd n u n g und nach e in e m dem G e s c h ä f ts g ä n g e n ö th ig e n I n e in a n d e r g r e i f e n d e r L o c a li t a e t e n a u s g e m i t te lt . D er D e c o r a tio n d ie s e s im P ro g ra m m g e n a n n te n P r a c h t- S a a le s, h a t d e r A r c h i te c t s e in b e s o n d e re s A u g e n m e r k g e ­ s c h e n k t. E r h a t n ä h m l i c h d ie k u rz e o d e r F r o n t- S e ite m it 6 m ä c h tig e n S ä u le n u n d F e n s t e r n a u fs r e ic h s te a u s g e s t a t t e t , w elch e a ls H a u p t z i e r d e u m d e r P r ä s i d e n te n S itz e h e ru m L ocalitaeten Beschreibung p . des ersten Stockes d ie n e n , u n d e in e i m p o s a n t e W ir k u n g m a c h e n m ü ß te , u n d a n d e n a n d e r e n d r e i W ä n d e n d e s S a a le s h a t e r S ä u le n fu ß e a ls P ie d e s ta ls in f o r t la u f e n d e r O rd n u n g a u s g e m i t te lt , a u f № 82 G ro ß e T re p p e , ü b e r w e lc h e m a n in d ie b e id e n V o r ­ w elch e z im m e r № 83 & № 84 u n d d ie G a r d e r o b e № 85 z u m M a ­ g n a t e n S a a l № 86 g e la n g t. D ie s e r S a a l, in F o rm d e r a n t i k e n d a r ü b e r in d e r H ö h e d e s z w e ite n S to c k e s b e fin d lic h e n G a l­ B a s ilik e n g e d a c h t, m iß t im i n n e r e n R a u m e d ie g ro ß e N is c h e m it g e r e c h n e t 148— 150 Q uadrat K l a f t e r , u n d u n t e r d e r C o llo n ­ n a d e d ie a ls S tü tz e d e r o b e re G a lle r ie d ie n t, i s t h ie lä n g lic h e r R a u m f ü r b e s o n d e re Z u h ö r e r v o r h a n d e n , w e lch e a u c h ü b e r d ie b e id e n T r e p p e n N ° 87 & N ° 8 8 , o h n e d u r c h d e n S a a l R a u m s e lb s t g e h e n z u m ü s s e n ; d a h i n g e la n g e n k ö n n e n . D ie g r o ß e N is c h e m it a u f d re i S t u f e n e r h ö h te m F u ß b o d e n , d e r n a c h B e d a r f in d e n S a a l s e lb s t h e r a u s e r s tr e c k t w e rd e n k a n n , d i e n t a ls S itz d e r p r ä s id ir e n d e n H a u p tp e r s o n e n d ie s e r T a f e l, Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28. 1982 K a ria ty d e n v o m v e r g o ld e te n M e ta lle g e s te llt, d ie le rie t r a g e n d , e in e g r o ß a r tig e u n d n e u e W ir k u n g h e r v o rr u f e n m ü ß te n . Z w is c h e n d ie s e n P ie d e s ta ls s in d a u f S tu f e n e r h ö h te S itze fü r v o r n e h m e Z u h ö r e r a n g e b r a c h t. D e r Z u t r i t z u d ie s e r G a lle rie i s t d u r c h d ie im z w e ite n S to c k e d e n S a a l u m g e ­ b e n d e ä u ß e re g e s c h lo s s e n e G a lle rie d u r c h f ü n f u n d m e h r T h ü re n . D a d ie s e G a lle rie ü b e r sech s F u ß a n g e tr a g e n is t, so k ö n n e n d e r v ie le n F e n s t e r w e g e n , w e lc h e z u T h ü r e n b e n ü tz t w e rd e n k ö n n te n , n a c h B e lie b e n L o g e n a u s g e m i t te lt wTe rd e n . U n d z w isc h e n d e n S ä u le n im 2 ten Stocke s in d lin k s u n d r e c h ts je zw ei z u s a m m e n v ie r L o g en F e n s te r z m it s e p a r i r t e n Z u - 115 ALOIS PICHL IN UNGAKN g a n g a u s d e n d o r t b e fin d lic h e n C a b in e t te n f ü r h ö c h s te H e r r ­ d a z u p a s s e n d e n d ü s t e r e n u n d fe s te n S ty l s c h a f te n w a n d e e r b a u e n lie ß , w ohl ein erzweckt w erden k a n n . g ro ß e u n d a ls I n c o g n ito L ogen a u s g e m i t te lt w o rd e n . D as m i t g r o ß e m A u f- re ic h d e c o r ir te K o r in th is c h e H a u p tg e s im s b i ld e t e in e f o r tla u f e n d e K r ö n u n g im g a n z e n S a a le h e r u m , u n d d ie W ä n d e u n d d ie S ä u le n k ö n n e n v o n Stucco lucido b e k le id e t, d ie O r n a m e n te a u f m a t t e n G o ld g r u n d in W e iß b e h a n d e lt w e rd e n . D e r P la tfo n d d ie s e s S a a le s in g r o ß a r tig e n der W a n d - D e c o r a tio n c o r r e s p o n d ir e n d F e ld e r n , m it g e th e ilt, lä ß t aus d e m g ro ß e m m itte r e F e ld e e in e h ie lä n g lic h e L ic h tm a ß e e in d r in g e n , so, d a ß d a s L ic h t d e r W a n d f e n s te r d e s 2ten S to c k e s a lle n fa lls a u c h e n t b e h r t w e rd e n d ü r f te . I n d ie s e m P la tf o n d h a t d e r A r c h ite k t d ie z e h n W a p p e n d e r K ö n ig ­ re ic h e o r d n u n g m ä ß ig a n g e b r a c h t , u n d z w isc h e n d ie s e n , b e fin d e n s ic h n e b s t d e s m it t e r e g ro ß e n F e ld e s , a ls e in f a l­ le n d e s L ic h t a u c h n o c h zw ei F e ld e r , in w e lc h e e r g ro ß e F re sc o - o d e r O h lg e m ä ld e a n z u b r in g e n v e r m e in t, a ls d e n e w ig d e n k w ü r d ig e n M o m e n t : M o ria m u r pro Rege nostro u n d Z r in y ’s V e r th e id ig u n g Szigeths. A u c h s in d o b e r d e s P r ä s i ­ O b g le ic h l a u t P r o g r a m m die A u fg a b e a lle in d u r c h einen G r u n d r iß , D u r c h s c h n i t t u n d A u friß g e lö s t s e in s o llte , so w o llte d e r A r c h i te k t, u m a ls p r a k tis c h e r K ü n s t l e r n icht aber n u r als K u n stv erstä n d ig e r z u e rs c h e in e n , n i c h t u n te r la s s e n , se in P r o j e k t d e r E r f o r d e r lic h e n D e u tlic h k e it w e g e n m it d e n n o th w e n d ig s te n R is s e n a u s z u s t a t t e n , ( d e n n m it w e n ig e re n P lä n e n k a n n m a n b e s o n d e rs die in n e re E i n t h e i l u n g d e r ine in a n d e r g r e if e n d e n B e s ta n d th e ile a u f k e in e n F a ll genug e rs ic h tlic h m a c h e n ) u n d e s b e s te h t d a h e r s e in E l a b o r a t a u s 16 B l ä t t e r n , w e lc h e b e i e in e m so lc h e n R ie s e n w e r k e in d o c h s e h r kurzen Term ine, n a t ü r l i c h fle iß ig e r u n d z ie r lic h e r n ic h t d u r c h g e f ü h r t w e r d e n k o n n t e n , d o c h a b e r d e s K ü n s tl e r s G e­ d a n k e b e s te n s e n tw ic k e l t se in d ü rfe u n d e s b e s t e h t d a h e r das G anze au s: d e n te n S itz d ie N a m e n s -Z ü g e F u n d A ornam entirt in G o ld a n g e b r a c h t . D ie a r ith m e tis c h e H a u p t - P r o p o r t io n d e r S a a l W ä n d e i s t d e r L a n g e n a c h zw ei Q u a d r a t u n d n a c h d e r 1 K e lle r 1 e b e n e r E rd e B re ite 4 zu 5. 1 e r s te r S to c k 1 z w e ite r S to c k 2 Faççaden D a n u n s c h lie ß lic h g e s a g t w e r d e n m u ß , d a ß e ig e n tlic h a u s d e m G roßartigen das E rhabene e n t s t e h t , u n d d a ß m it d e n o b e n a n g e s e tz e n P r o p o r t i o n e n u n d M a ß e n , d ie d ie g e ­ 7 D u r c h s c h n it t e n 1 S a a l P la tfo n d w ö h n lic h K le in lic h e n a u f fa lle n d ü b e r s te ig e n , d ie T h e ile d e r I S i t u a t i o n s - P l a n d e s n e u e n M a rk te s m it d e r S te llu n g des G e b ä u d e s , u n d m it d e r P ro m e n a d e A n la g e ; u n d e n d lic h U b ic a tio n e n n a tü r l i c h in H a r m o n ie g e h a lte n w e rd e n le g t d e r K ü n s tle r s e in e n , w e n n a u c h d u r c h C orrecturen n ic h t m uß­ te n ; u n d d a es sic h h ie r a lso ( n a c h d e m A u s d ru c k e d e s P ro g ra m m s) d a r u m h a n d e l t , e in G e b ä u d e z u e r r ic h te n , n e tt welches der Lage des Platzes der Größe des Zweckes den B e d ü rf­ nissen u n d der W ürde der N a tio n e n ts p r e c h e n d s e in so ll, v o n a n g e g a n g e n e n B e s c h re ib u n g a n g e s e tz e n N u m m e r n u n d g e z e ic h n e te n g ro ß e n M a ß s ta b e e rste n C o n c e p t E n t w u r f in eben dem d e r F a ç ç a d e n b ei, a u f w e lc h e n d ie in d e r s o n s tig e B e n e n n u n g e n e rs c h ic h tlic h sin d , b e s t e h e n d a u s: w ä h r e n d es d e m K ü n s tl e r g a n z ü b e r la s s e n is t n a c h s e in e m G u td ü n k e n e in e n f ü r d e n G e g e n s ta n d p a s s e n d e n B a u s t y l z u w ä h le n , w o d u rc h a ls o d ie a r c h i te k t o n is c h e n S c h ö n h e ite n , u n d d ie F o r m e n im h ö h e r e n S in n e d e s W o r te s in A n w e n d u n g z u b r in g e n g e s t a t t e t w u r d e , u n d d a f e rn e r d ie n o th w e n d ig - s te n E ig e n th ü m lic h k e ite n d e r w a h r e n A r c h i te k tu r n u r d o r t 1 e b e n e r E r d e G r u n d r is s e 1 e r s te r S to c k 1 z w e ite r S to c k 18. — S tü c k e a u f 16 B l ä t t e r n N o v e m b . 1844 z u f in d e n s in d , wo Schönheit , B equem lichkeit u n d angemessene S olidität ohne Ü berfluß von S tä rk e in E in k la n g h e r rs c h e n , e n d lic h in B e tr a c h t , d a ß d ie S u m m e w e lc h e in e in e m S t a a t e a u f d ie A u s f ü h r u n g v o n b e d e u t e n d e n B a u w e rk e n v e r w e n d e t A rc h ite tto A e q u a P o te s ta s D ie B e s c h r e ib u n g d e s M o d e lls : w e rd e n a u f v e rs c h ie d e n e W eg e , a u c h d e m S t a a t e w ie d e r z u flie ß e n ; so d ü r f te es m it G e w iß h e it z u e r w a r t e n se in , d a ß je d w e d e r m it d e n n o th w e n d ig s te n u n d p r a k ti s c h a n g e ­ e ig n e te n K e n n tn is s e n a u s g e s t a t t e t e B a u k ü n s t le r , — w ie g e ­ s a g t s e in H a u p t- A u g e n m e r k a u f d ie G e d in g e n h e it d e s B a u S ty le s u n d a u f g e re g e lte S c h ö n h e it, d ie e in e n edlen E rn st u n d e in e n würdevollen Character v e r k ü n d e n , g e w o rfe n h a b e n w ird , w a s u n b e z w e ife lt a lle in d u r c h A n w e n d u n g v o n z ie rlic h g e o r d n e te n P r a c h t- C o llo n n a d e n in g ro ß e n M a ß e n e r re ic h t w e rd e n k a n n , e in a b e r d u r c h e in e s c h w e rfä llig e n U n i f o r m it ä t v o n d ü s t e r n u n d f e s tu n g s a r tig e n d u r c h a lle E ta g e n e tw a d u r c h g e f ü h r t e n Q u a d e rw e rk e v o n e in e m d r u c k e n d e n G e ­ sim s e , v ie lle ic h t g a r v o n Z in n e n g e k r ö n t, a u s d e r r a u h e n Z e i­ te n d e s P alazzo-P itti in F lorenz , w e lc h e Lucca P itti e in s c h lic h te r a b e r w o h lh a b e n d e r B ü r g e r a ls s ic h e re n W o h n o r t g e g e n d ie Ü b e rfä lle s e in e r H a u p t- G e g n e r d e r M ed icis n a c h e ig e n e r A n g a b e in J a h r e 1440 d u r c h B ru n e lle s c o in e in e m 8* D as p la stisch e M odell betreffend Um dem B a u w e rk e e in in p o s a n te re s A nsehen zu geben, u n d d a m i t e s a ls e in ö ffe n tlic h e s S t a a t s g e b ä u d e e in e sc h o n v o n d e r F e r n e a ls Z ie rd e d e r S t a d t w ü r d e v o lle B e d e u tu n g b e u r k u n d e , h a t d e r K ü n s tl e r a u f d e r H a u p t a n s i c h t g e g en d ie D o n a u z u a u f d e n E c k -P a v illo n s , T h ü r m e in A n tr a g g e b r a c h t, d ie e r im p l a s tis c h e n M odelle a u s g e f ü h r t d a r s e llt. — A u f je d e m T h u r m e s in d v ie r U h r z i f f e r b l ä t t e r , u n d in d e r o b e r s te n H ö h e u n t e r d e n W e tte r a b le ite r n d ie U h r s c h e lle n in A n tr a g ; u n d F e u e r w ä c h t e r u n d A lla rm G lo c k e n d ü r f t e n d o r t n i c h t ü b e r f lü s s ig b e fu n d e n w e rd e n . E n d l i c h sin d a u f d e m o b e r s t e n W ü r fe l acht u n d a u f d e m F r o n t o n im M itte l d e s G e b ä u d e s zw ei z u s a m m e n 10 G en ien m it P a lm e n und W appen s c h ild e r n des K ö n ig re ic h e s a u f g e s t e ll t , in d e s s e n M itte u n t e r d e m L a n d e s W a p p e n e in e F a m a p r a n g e t. Acta H ist. Art. Hung. T om us 28, 198« J . SISA 116 N B . B e im s o rg fä ltig e n H e r a b h e b e n d e r T h ü rm e u n d A u fle g e n b rin g e n d e s S a u g - D r u c k w e r k , d a s n ö th ig e W a s s e r e r h a l te n , d e r b e ik o m m e n d e n zw ei D a c h e c k s t ü c k e n e rs c h e in t d a s G e ­ b e s s e r a b e r d ü r f te d ie s e r ö ff e n tlic h e P l a tz d u r c h z w ei c o lo s sa le S t a n d b ild e r fü rs L a n d e m e r ir t e r M ä n n e r g e z ie r t w e rd e n . W ie n a m 11. S e p te m b e r 1845 b ä u d e so T h ü rm e n P a v illo n s d a n n je n e w ie es in d e r Z e i c h n u n g s ic h d a r s te llt, o h n e d e n — in w e lc h e m F a lle d a n n d ie H a u p t - m a u e r n d e r b e d e u te n d s c h w ä c h e r z u h a lt e n w ä re n , w o d u r c h G e m ä c h e r s ic h g r ö ß e r g e s t a l t e n w ü rd e n . D ie a u f d e n P lä n e n a n g e g e b e n e n zw ei S p r in g b r u n n e n in d e r G a r te n a n la g e k ö n n te n m i t t e l s t e in e s a n d e r D o n a u a n z u ­ Acta H ist. A rt. Hung. Tomus 28. 1982 ( M o tto ) A e q u a P o te s ta s A r c h ite k t- M itg lie d d e r A k a d e m ie z u R o m e tc . e tc .