Distributional checklist of the species of the genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini)

James M Carpenter

A total of 383 vespid species belonging to 63 genera from Indonesia are listed, together with information of the type material deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). The references of their distribution in Indonesia are also provided.

A comprehensive catalog of species in the polistine tribe Ropalidiini, which comprises four genera endemic to the Old World (Ropalidia, Parapolybia, Polybioides, and Belonogaster), is presented. A total of 225 species and subspecies are treated as valid in Ropalidia, nine in Parapolybia, six (and one variety) in Polybioides, and 85 in Belonogaster. Lectotypes of 14 species described by Cameron in the Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam, and in the Natural History Museum, London, are designated. Lectotypes of three species described by Smith in the Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford, and of one species described by Cheesman in the Natural History Museum, London, are designated. Nomenclatural changes include transfer of Odynerus jaculator Smith, 1871, to Ropalidia, NEW COMBINATION; and synonymy of Icaria sericea Cameron, 1911, with Ropalidia wollastoni (Meade-Waldo, 1912), NEW SYNONYMY.

The taxonomy of the Japanese forms of the Eumenidae, 54 species, was revised following the examination of various collections of these Hymenoptera. For each species distribution, synonyms, morphology and basic biological features (in particular nest making) are ...

AMERICAN' MUSEUM Norntates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3188, 39 pp. December 31, 1996 Distributional Checklist of Species of the Genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini) JAMES M. CARPENTER' ABSTRACT A distributional checklist of the species of the paper wasp genus Polistes is presented. New synonyms are multipictus Smith, 1860, non Haliday, 1836, = stigma maculipennis Saussure, 1853; stigma var. thoracica Buysson, 1913, non Fox, 1898, also = stigma maculipennis Saussure, 1853; tepidus var. minor Schulthess, 1932, non Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, = tepidus malayanus Cameron, 1906; and arthuri vechti Petersen, 1990, non Das and Gupta, 1989, = arthuri Cameron, 1901. Two new replacement names are proposed: intermedius Kojima, for medius Kojima, 1988, non Palisot de Beauvois, 1818; and torresae Silveira, for occultus Silveira, 1994, non Kojima, 1988. INTRODUCTION Polistes is the only cosmopolitan genus of ful regional catalogs and revisions have social wasps, and, with 203 presently recbeen published in the intervening 90 years ognized extant species, one of the most spe(Liu, 1937; Bequaert, 1938; Guiglia, 1972; cies-rich. The lack of an adequate catalog or Richards, 1978a, b; Krombein, 1979; Carchecklist for all the species of the genus Poldale, 1985; Das and Gupta, 1989; Starr, istes has led to a number of taxonomic errors 1992), but these works have not been intein recent time, as well the perpetuation of grated, and significant gaps remain. Yoshiother problems. There have been no comprekawa (1962) attempted a world checklist, hensive listings since the catalogs of Dalla but, as Richards (1973: 85) put it, he did so Torre (1894, 1904), which of course are now "somewhat imperfectly." His list had many too far out of date to be of general use. Useomissions and misspellings, and the fact that Curator, Department of Enotomology, American Museum of Natural History. Copyright X American Museum of Natural History 1996 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $4.00 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES he often eschewed citations of original references limited its taxonomic usefulness. The present listing redresses this situation. Nevertheless, it is a successor to Yoshikawa's work, in the sense that it is a distributional checklist. Following the citation of the original description and synonymy for each species, the distribution is given. The distribution is listed using current political entities (so far as they can be determined), because they are unambiguous compared to more generalized terms for areas, which may be idiosyncratic, and would require detailing the geographical definition. Where political division could not be determined precisely from the literature, terms such as "New Guinea" are used. Citations given at the end of the distribution are to the most recent summary. If there has been no report of a range extension since the description, no further reference is given. The format of the synonymies is standard in taxonomic catalogs, with each reference given in abbreviated form, to expedite tracking it down. Misspellings are indicated by exclamation points in brackets. The format for dates lists the true date of publication, so far as can be determined. Where two dates are listed, the first is the true date of publication, and the second, in parentheses, is that printed on the publication. The status given each taxon generally follows the decision of the most recent author to treat that taxon. This authority may typically be determined from the citations given for the distribution. However, there are several cases where I have deviated from this practice. Articles 31(b) and 34(b) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature have been followed with respect to agreement in gender of generic and specific names, necessitating correction of Vespa nimpha Christ to nimphus, to agree with Polistes, which is masculine. However, I agree with Bohart and Menke (1974) and Krombein (1979) that Vespa carolina Linnaeus should be treated as a noun in apposition, hence it does not have to agree in gender, and so Richards' (1978a) use of carolinus is incorrect (I here treat Vespa stigma Fabricius likewise, contra Carpenter, 1996). With respect to the use of the subspecies category, I agree that it has no place in a phylogenetic system: species-group taxa that NO. 3188 can be diagnosed are species (Nelson and Platnick, 1981; Nixon and Wheeler, 1990). But this means that taxa currently recognized as subspecies are either species or synonyms, and moreover there must be a mixture. Without careful study on a case by case basis, the proper status of subspecific taxa cannot be determined. I have applied this approach elsewhere to some groups of Vespidae (Carpenter, 1988; Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991), Archer (1991, 1992, 1994, 1995) has done so for various species of Vespa, and Snelling (1983) has followed this course for a few species of Polistes. Until such studies can be undertaken for Polistes, I am unwilling to proceed with wholesale changes in status of subspecific taxa. Furthermore, I believe that such changes are best done as part of a revision, rather than in a catalog or checklist, so that adequate explanation of each decision may be supplied. Therefore, I have generally maintained subspecies, or treated varieties as subspecies, if the most recent author did so-a total of 103 additional names. The cases where I did not are as follows. Bequaert (1938) reduced many Ethiopian species to varieties of a few species (he did so with many American species as well in other works). Bequaert's varieties of American species were first simply treated as subspecies (Bohart, 1951), and now many are treated as species (Richards, 1978a; Krombein, 1979). I agree with Giordani Soika (1991) that, likewise, many of the Ethiopian taxa treated as varieties by Bequaert (1938) merit species status. Thus I have followed a classification of the Ethiopian species more like that of Schulthess (1921) with respect to the rank given. I have also not recognized any subspecies in the Palearctic species biglumis (Linnaeus), dominulus (Christ) or gallicus (Linnaeus), synonymizing all, for two reasons. Firstly, some taxa have even recently been recognized as "forms" or "varieties" of subspecies (e.g., Polistes biglumis bimaculatus var. arduinoi in Guiglia, 1972, with bimaculatus var. nigrinotum a synonym), but formal recognition of any taxon below subspecies has not been permitted through three revisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since 1961. To the extent that such taxa are used to divide subspecies, they are 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES nothing more than synonyms anyway. Secondly, there has been considerable confusion in the application of the proper names to dominulus and gallicus for most of this century, encompassing the time when most of the subspecies were described. As shown by Day (1979), Kohl (1898) misidentified gallicus, with the result that he described it anew as foederata. Subspecies described under foederata must consequently now be transferred to gallicus, but those described under gallicus must be transferred to dominulus. I propose to obviate any attendant confusion by simply synonymizing these subspecies; those that I have examined appear to be neither constant nor distinct in the color characters supposed to distinguish them. This also applies to the commonly recognized subspecies biglumis bimaculatus, which does not differ from typical biglumis (contra Bluthgen, 1955: 398, who separated the nominotypical Scandanavian- form from the supposedly more richly yellow-marked bimaculatus; see also Guiglia, 1972: 59). The last four cases where I have not recognized subspecies despite previous treatment are the varieties stigma var. thoracica Buysson, 1913; and tepidus var. minor Schulthess, 1932; multipictus Smith, 1860 (all treated as subspecies of stigma by Petersen, 1987); and arthuri vechti Petersen, 1990. All four names are preoccupied in Polistes: stigma var. thoracica by thoracicus Fox, 1898 (and cavapyta var. thoracica Buysson, 1906), tepidus var. minor by minor Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, multipictus by multipictus Haliday, 1836 (now placed in the genus Agelaia), and vechti by rothneyi vechti Das and Gupta, 1989. Rather than propose replacement names for what are probably synonyms anyway (the taxa were described or are separated primarily based on color, but this intergrades), I treat the names as synonyms. NEW SYNONYMY is as follows: stigma var. thoracica, described from New Guinea, and multipictus, described from "Java, et l'Afrique meridionale" but corrected by Petersen (1987) to New Guinea, are both synonymized with the common New Guinean subspecies of stigma (see Petersen, 1987), viz., maculipennis Saussure, 1853. The New Guinean tepidus var. minor is likewise synonymized with the common New 3 Guinean subspecies of tepidus (see Petersen, 1990), malayanus Cameron, 1906. NEW STATUS for the subspecies arthuri vechti is as a synonym of nominotypical arthuri. The only other taxonomic changes are the proposal of two replacement names. The first new name is for medius Kojima, 1988, preoccupied in Polistes by media Palisot de Beauvois, 1818. The latter name is a synonym of crinitus (Felton); it was recorded as a synonym of americanus (Fabricius) by Saussure (1853), but unfortunately the name was not mentioned in the revision by Richards (1978a). Dr. Kojima has supplied a replacement name for medius Kojima: intermedius Kojima, NEW NAME. The second new name is for for occultus Silveira, 1994, preoccupied in Polistes by occultus Kojima, 1988. Sr. Silveira has supplied a replacement name for occultus Silveira: torresae Silveira, NEW NAME. Finally, regarding higher classification, Polistes is the sole genus in the tribe Polistini (Carpenter, 1993), and the subgeneric system followed is that presented in Carpenter (1996). That system recognizes only four subgenera: nominotypical Polistes, Gyrostoma, Aphanilopterus, and Polistella. These four subgenera are monophyletic groups; the system of Richards (1973), with two genera, Polistes and Sulcopolistes, and 11 subgenera in Polistes, included several paraphyletic groups. But Richards' system also recognized some monophyletic groups not given formal names in my system (see Carpenter, 1996: fig. 17), and to assist future investigations of phylogenetic relationships among species, I indicate the subgenera into which Richards placed species since transferred. Some species were never assigned to a subgenus in Richards' system, and are listed as I would have assigned them (see also Carpenter, 1996). I also indicate the species groups used by Richards (1973, 1978a) for some New World species, and the species groups used by Carpenter (1996) for some of the Old World species. The following codes are used to indicate the taxa in Richards' system: A E F Aphanilopterus sensu Richards Epicnemius Fuscopolistes 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES G Gyrostoma sensu Richards M Megapolistes N Nygmopolistes 0 Onerarius PA Palisotius PE Polistella sensu Richards PO Polistes sensu Richards ST Stenopolistes SU Sulcopolistes A, groups 1-6 and E, groups 1-3 denote the species groups of Richards (1973, 1978a) for Aphanilopterus sensu Richards (1978a) and Epicnemius, respectively. PE, "adustus group," "sagittarius group," and "stigma group" denote the species groups recognized within Polistella sensu Richards (1973) by Das and Gupta (1989), as modified by Carpenter (1996). M, "olivaceus group" and "stenopus group" are the species groups within Megapolistes sensu Richards (1973) used by Carpenter (1996). The subgenera are listed in phylogenetic order, from the phyletically sequenced classification given in Carpenter (1996: appendix 2). Within subgenera, species are listed alphabetically. Fossil species and unrecognized taxa are listed separately. TRIBE POLISTINI LEPELETIER, 1836 GENUS POLISTES LATREILLE SUBGENUS GYROSTOMA KIRBY Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828, in Kirby and Spence, Introd. Entomol. Ed. 5 (of whole work), Ed. 2 (of vol. 3): 36, 631, replacement name for Cyclostoma Kirby, 1826, non Lamarck, 1799. Cyclostoma Kirby, 1826, in Kirby and Spence, Introd. Entomol. Ed. 1, 3: 36, 633, genus. non Cyclostoma Lamarck, 1799 (Pisces). Type species: Cyclostoma gigas Kirby, 1826, by monotypy. Megapolistes van der van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 97, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Vespa olivacea DeGeer, 1773, by original designation. Nygmopolistes Richards, 1973, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 17: 91, 93, 98, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. NO. 3188 Type species: "Polistes sulcatus Smith, 1852 (= P. rugifrons Cameron, 1900)," by original designation. Megapostes [!]; Lee, 1982, Hornets Agric. Regions China: 122, 124, 126. arthuri Cameron Polistes arthuri Cameron, 1901, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1901: 241. Polistes tepidus novae-pomeraniae Schulz, 1905, Berlin Entomol. Z. 49: 227. Polistes novae pomerania [!]; Cheesman, 1951, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12)4: 985. Polistes tepidus novae-pomeranieae [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 39. Polistes novopomeraniae [!]; Richards, 1973, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 17: 100. Polistes arthuri vechti Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 65, non Das and Gupta, 1989. NEW STATUS. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain, New Ireland - (Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21). M, "olivaceus group.99 balder Kirby Polistes balder Kirby, 1888, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1888: 552. Polistes bader [!]; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61: 1. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Christmas Is., Cocos Is. - (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). M, "olivaceus group." diabolicus Saussure Polistes diabolicus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 68. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Java, Lombok, Flores, Timor, Kai Is. - (Schulthess, 1935, Rev. Suisse Zool. 42). M, "stenopus group." erythrinus Holmgren Polistes erythrinus Holmgren, 1868, K. Svenska Fregat. Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, Zool. 1, Insect., Hym.: 440. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Queensland, New South Wales, A. C. T., Victoria, South Australia - (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). M, "olivaceus group." 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES facilis Saussure Polistes facilis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 53. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Queensland (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). M, "olivaceus group." fordi van der Vecht Polistes fordi van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 92. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Bougainville. M, "olivaceus group." gigas (Kirby) Cyclostoma gigas Kirby, 1826, in Kirby and Spence, Introd. Entomol. Ed. 1, 3: 36. Polistes orientalis Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 519. Polistes gyrostoma Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 104. Gyrostoma orientalis "Kirby" Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 104, as synonym of Polistes gyrostoma Saussure. Unavailable under Art. 11(e) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Polistes confusus Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5, Vesp.: 102. DISTRIBUTION: India: Sikkim; southern China; Taiwan - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient; Insect. Monogr. 11). G. hebridensis erromangensis Giordani Soika Polistes hebridensis erromangensis Giordani Soika, 1981 (1980), Boll. Mus. Civ. Venezia 31: 118. DISTRIBUTION: Vanuatu: Erromango. M, "olivaceus group." hebridensis hebridensis Giordani Soika Polistes hebridensis Giordani Soika, 1981 (1980), Boll. Mus. Civ. Venezia 31: 117. DISTRIBUTION: Vanuatu: Anatom. M, "olivaceus group." hebridensis malekulensis Giordani Soika Polistes hebridensis malekulensis Giordani Soika, 1981 (1980), Boll. Mus. Civ. Venezia 31: 119. DISTRIBUTION: Vanuatu: Malakula. M, "olivaceus group." hebridensis vilensis Giordani Soika Polistes hebridensis vilensis Giordani Soika, 5 1981 (1980), Boll. Mus. Civ. Venezia 31: 119. DISTRIBUTION: Vanuatu: Port-Vila. M, "olivaceus group." jadwigae Dalla Torre Polistes japonicus Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 417, non Saussure, 1858. Polistes jadwigae Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 70. Replacement name for japonicus Cameron, 1900, non Saussure, 1858. Polistes perkinsi Kohl, 1908, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss., Wien 81: 313. Polistes okinawensis Matsumura and Uchida, 1926, Insect. Matsum. 1(1): 34. Polistes macaensis tahitensis Cheesman, 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10)1: 180. Polistes perkinsii [!]; Liu, 1937, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 11(3): 313. Polistes fadwigae [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 20. Polistes okinawaensis [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 33. DISTRIBUTION: India; China; Mongolia; Korea; Japan, including Ryukyu Is.; Taiwan; Society Islands: Bora Bora, Tahiti; Tuamotu Archipelago: Napuka; introduced U.S.A.: Hawaii - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; Kim, 1980, Distr. Atlas Insect. Korea, Ser. 3, Hym. Dipt.; Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3). M, "olivaceus group." legnotus van der Vecht Polistes legnotus van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 100. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Guadalcanal. M, "olivaceus group." olivaceus (DeGeer) Vespa olivacea DeGeer, 1773, Mem. Hist. Insect. 3: 582, pl. 29 fig. 9. Vespa hebraea Fabricius, 1787, Mant. Insect. 1: 292. Vespa undata Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Method. 6: 684. Vespa macaensis Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 259. ? Polistes flavipennis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 52. 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Polistes hebreus [!]; Radoszkowski, 1871, Horae Entomol. Soc. Ross. 8: 195. Polistes olivaceous [!]; Sonan, 1943, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33(242-243): 467, 477. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar; Reunion; Mauritius; Tanzania: Zanzibar; Amirantes; Seychelles; Chagos Archipelago; Egypt; Oman; Iran; Afghanistan; India: Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Sri Lanka; Nepal; Myanmar; southern China; Japan: Okinawa; Philippines; Viet Nam; Laos; Cambodia; Thailand; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia: Borneo; Marianas; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tongas; Samoa; Society Is.: Tahiti; Tuamotu Archipelago: Fakarava; Marquesas: Tahuata, Hiva Oa; introduced Chile: Easter Is.; U.S.A.: Hawaii; Australia: Queensland; New Zealand - (Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39; Dover, 1929, Bull. Raffles Mus. 2; Giordani Soika, 1962, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Foren. 124; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61.; Richards, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia 6; Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). Note: Polistes flavipennis Sassure was described from the Cape of Good Hope, and has remained unrecognized. It may be based on a mislabeled, discolored specimen of olivaceus. M, "olivaceus group." penthicus ater Petersen Polistes penthicus ater Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 66. DISTRIBUTION: Admiralty Is.: Manus. M, "olivaceus group." penthicus malaitensis van der Vecht Polistes penthicus malaitensis van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 92. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Malaita, Tulagi. M, "olivaceus group." penthicus penthicus van der Vecht Polistes penthicus penthicus van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to com- NO. 3188 memorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 91. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Santa Isabel, Nggela, Tulagi, Guadalcanal. M, "olivaceus group." perflavus van der Vecht Polistes perfiavus van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 93. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Guadalcanal. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi carletoni van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi carletoni van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 100. DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan; India: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh; Nepal - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi engeli van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi engeli van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 108. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Sumatra. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi grahami van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi grahami van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 104. DISTRIBUTION: China. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi gressitti van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi gressitti van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 106. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi hainanensis van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi hainanensis van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 106. DISTRIBUTION: China: Hainan Is. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi helvenacus van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi helvenacus van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 109. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Java. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi ingrami van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi ingrami van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 106. DISTRIBUTION: Japan: Okinawa. M, "olivaceus group." 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES rothneyi iwatai van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi iwatai van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 104. DISTRIBUTION: China; Korea; Japan - (Lee, 1982, Econ. Insect. Fauna China Fasc. 30). M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi koreanus van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi koreanus van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 104. DISTRIBUTION: China; Korea. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi krombeini van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi krombeini van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 100. DISTRIBUTION: India: Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi quatei van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi quatei van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 106. DISTRIBUTION: Viet Nam. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi robinsoni van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi robinsoni van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 106. DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi rothneyi Cameron Polistes rothneyi Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 410. Polistes rufolineatus Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 411. DISTRIBUTION: India: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Meghalaya; Nepal - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11; Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3). M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi sikkimensis van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi sikkimensis van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 102. DISTRIBUTION: India: Sikkim, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi tibetanus van der Vecht Polistes rothneyi tibetanus van der Vecht, 1968, Bijdr. Dierk. 38: 102. 7 DISTRIBUTION: China: Tibet. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi vechti Das and Gupta Polistes rothneyi vechti Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 410, nomen nudum. Polistes rothneyi vechti Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11: 58. DISTRIBUTION: India: Manipur; Myanmar. M, "olivaceus group." rothneyi yayeyamae Matsumura Polistes yayeyamae Matsumura, 1908, in Kuroiwa, List Hym. Loochoo: 6, nomen nudum. Polistes yayeyamae Matsumura, 191 1, Thousand Insect. Japan, Suppl. 3: 106, pl. 39 fig. 5. Polistes yayeyamensis [!]; Yasumatsu, 1935, Annot. Zool. Japan 15: 37. Polistes jokohamae var. yaeyamae [!]; Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3: 122. DISTRIBUTION: Japan: Ryukyu Is. M, "olivaceus group." schach (Fabricius) Vespa schach Fabricius, 1781, Spec. Insect. 1: 461. Vespa schuch [!]; Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Method. 6: 682. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales - (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). M, "olivaceus group." semiflavus Holmgren Polistes semiflavus Holmgren, 1868, K. Svenska Fregat. Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, Zool. 1, Insect., Hym.: 439. DISTRIBUTION: Marianas, Guam - (Bequaert and Yasumatsu, 1939, Tenthredo 2(3)). M, "olivaceus group." stenopus brandti van der Vecht Polistes stenopus brandti van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 98. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Buka, Bougainville, New Georgia Is., Santa Isabel. M, "stenopus group." stenopus ganonganus van der Vecht Polistes stenopus ganonganus van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to com- 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES memorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 99. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Ranongga, Vella Lavella. M, "s6tenopus group." stenopus manni van der Vecht Polistes stenopus manni van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 98. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Malaita. M, "stenopus group." stenopus stenopus van der Vecht Polistes stenopus stenopus van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 93, 96. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Nggela, Tulagi, Guadalcanal, Russell Is. M, "stenopus group." sulcatus Smith Polistes sulcatus Smith, 1852, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 2: 38. Polistes rugifrons Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 412. DISTRIBUTION: India: Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya; Nepal; China; Taiwan; Indonesia: Java, Flores - (Schulthess, 1935, Rev. Suisse Zool. 42; Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11; Staff, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3). N. tenebricosus hoplitus Saussure Polistes hoplitus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 55. Polistes hoplites Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2, Errata: 255, invalid emendation. DISTRIBUTION: Viet Nam and Myanmar to Indonesia: Sumatra - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11) tenebricosus leopoldi Bequaert Polistes tenebricosus var. leopoldi Bequaert, 1934, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. 10 (28): 9. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Negros. tenebricosus nigrosericans Bequaert Polistes tenebricosus var. (or subsp.) nigrosericans Bequaert, 1940, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 66: 266. Polistes tenebricosus nigrosercans [!]; Yosh- NO. 3188 ikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 38. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Luzon. tenebricosus sibuyanensis Bequaert Polistes tenebricosus var. (or subsp.) sibuyanensis Bequaert, 1940, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 66: 266. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Sibuyan. tenebricosus tenebricosus Lepeletier Polistes tenebricosa Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 529. Polistes varicornis Cameron, 1905, Tijdschr. Entomol. 48: 67. Polistes javanicus Cameron, 1905, Tijdschr. Entomol. 48: 68. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Flores, Borneo; Taiwan (Bequaert, 1934, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg. 10 (28); Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17; Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3). N. tepidus batjanensis Cameron Polistes tepidus race batjanensis Cameron, 1911, Nova Guinea, Zool. 9(2), Zool.: 186. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Bacan. M, "olivaceus group." tepidus malayanus Cameron Polistes malayanus Cameron, 1906, Nova Guinea, Zool. 5: 60. Polistes tepidus var. minor Schulthess, 1932, Mem. R. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. hors serie 4(5): 39, non Palisot de Beauvois, 1818. NEW SYNONYMY. ? Polistes "religiosus Cheesm." Richards, 1973, Ren. Bras. Entomol. 17(13): 100, nomen nudum. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Aru, Kai Is.; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago: New Ireland, Djaul, Lavongai; Solomon Is.: Buka to Rennell; Vanuatu; introduced U.S.A.: Hawaii - (van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61; Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21). M, "olivaceus group." 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES tepidus manusensis Petersen Polistes tepidus manusensis Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 63. DISTRIBUTION: Admiralty Is.: Manus, Los Negros. M," olivaceus group." tepidus picteti Saussure Polistes picteti Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 69. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Ambon, Seram; New Guinea - (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). M, "olivaceus group." tepidus speciosus Buysson Polistes tepidus var. speciosus Buysson 1913 (1911), Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 34: 227. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Ternate, Bacan - (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). M,' 'olivaceus group." tepidus tepidus (Fabricius) Vespa tepida Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 366. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria - (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61; Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21). M, 'olivaceus group." tepidus theodori Petersen Polistes tepidus theodori Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 64. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Kai Is. M,l 'olivaceus group." wattii Cameron Polistes wattii Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 416. Polistes watti [!]; Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 71. DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan; Iran; Iraq; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Mauritius; Pakistan; India: Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Gujarat, Orissa; China - (Gusenleitner, 1972 (1971-72), Acta Mus. Morav. 56/57; Richards, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia 6; Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). M, "olivaceus group." 9 SUBGENUS POLISTELLA ASHMEAD (phyletic sequence incertae sedis) Polistella Ashmead, 1904, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 28: 133, genus. Type species: Polistes manillensis Saussure, 1853, by original designation. [Misidentification of Protopolybia sedula (Saussure) = P. exigua (Saussure).] Stenopolistes van der van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 101, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Polistes lateritius Smith, 1857, by original designation. adustus Bingham Polistes adustus Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. India Hym. 1: 397. Polistes sordidus Dover, 1925 (1924), J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (N. S) 20: 303, nomen nudum. Polistes adstus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 20. DISTRIBUTION: India: Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Meghalaya, West Bengal; Nepal; China - (Lee, 1982, Econ. Insect. Fauna China Fasc. 30; Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). PE, "adustus group." albocalcaratus Buysson Polistes albocalcaratus Buysson, 1905, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1905: 257. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. PE, "sagittarius group." aquilinus Buysson Polistes aquilinus Buysson, 1905, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1905: 256. DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Cameroon; Congo; Zaire - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 134). PE, "sagittarius group." assamensis Bingham Polistes assamensis Bingham, 1897, Fauna Br. India Hym. 1: 397. DISTRIBUTION: India: Sikkim, Assam - (Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17). PE, "sagittarius group." 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES asterope arvidi Petersen Polistes asterope arvidi Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 61. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: Lavongai. ST. asterope asterope Cameron Polistes asterope Cameron, 1901, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901: 243. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain - (Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21). ST asterope narupi Petersen Polistes asterope narupi Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 61. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: New Ireland. ST. bambusae bambusae Richards Polistes bambusae Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61: 118. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. PE, "adustus group. " bambusae humboldti Richards Polistes bambusae humboldti Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61: 120. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. PE, "adustus group." bequaerti Schulthess Polistes bequaerti Schulthess, 1921, Entomol. Mitt. 10: 123. DISTRIBUTION: Zaire; Zambia - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 139). PE, "sagittarius group." bituberculatus Buysson Polistes bituberculatus Buysson, 1905, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1905: 257. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. PE, "sagittarius group." buruensis Petersen Polistes buruensis Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 58. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Buru. ST. callimorphus Saussure Polistes callimorpha Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 71. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Timor, Kai Is. - NO. 3188 (Buysson, 1913 (191 1), Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 34). PE, "stigma group." capnodes capnodes van der Vecht Polistes capnodes van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 102. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Guadalcanal. ST. capnodes incomptus van der Vecht Polistes capnodes incomptus van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 104. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Malaita. ST. capnodes quadrifasciatus van der Vecht Polistes capnodes quadrifasciatus van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. Essays to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 104. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Kolombangara, New Georgia. ST. clavicornis van der Vecht Polistes clavicornis van der Vecht, 1972 (1971), Entomol. E$says to commemorate the retirement of Prof. K. Yasumatsu: 105. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel. ST. contrarius Cheesman Polistes contrarius Cheesman, 195 1, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 4: 985. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. ST. dawnae Dover and Rao Polistes dawnae Dover and Rao, 1922, J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal (N. S) 18: 248. DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar. PE, "adustus group." defectivus Gerstaecker Polistes defectivus Gerstaecker, 1871, Arch. Naturgesch. 37: 351. Polistes waldoi Dover, 1926, Entomologist 59: 36. DISTRIBUTION: Zaire; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa: Eastern Transvaal, Kwazulu-Natal, 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES Western Cape Prov. - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 148; Giordani Soika, 1952, Riv. Biol. Colon. 11). PE, "sagittarius group." delhiensis Das and Gupta Polistes delhiensis Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 410, nomen nudum. Polistes delhiensis Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11: 63. DISTRIBUTION: India: Delhi. ST. diakonovi Kostylev Polistes diakonovi Kostylev, 1940, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Sect. Biol 49: 139. DiSTRIBUTION: Russia: Ussuri. PE, "sagittarius group." ebsohinus Sonan Polistes mandarinus var. ebsohinus Sonan, 1943, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33 (242-243): 483. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan - (Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3). PE, "sagittarius group." elegans Smith Polistes elegans Smith, 1859, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. 3(11): 169. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Aru, Kai Is.; New Guinea - (Cheesman, 1951, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12)4). ST. ellenbergi Buysson Polistes ellenbergi Buysson, 1908, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1908: 64. DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Congo - (Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39; Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 149). PE, "sagittarius group." ephippium Cameron Polistes ephippium Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 415. DISTRIBUTION: India: Meghalaya - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). PE, "adustus group.'" erythrocerus Cameron Polistes erythrocerus Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 418. DISTRIBUTION: Japan. PE, "sagittarius group." I1I extraneus Kirby Polistes extraneus Kirby, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1883: 344. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Maru. PE. fastidiosus Saussure Polistes fastidiosus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 60. DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Ivory Coast; Benin; Nigeria; Zaire; Sudan; Somalia; Saudi Arabia; Yemen; Kenya; Tanzania, including Zanzibar; Zambia; Mozambique; South Africa: Transvaal, Cape Prov. - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 140; Richards, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia 6). PE, "sagittarius group." flavobilineatus (Cameron) Icaria flavo-bilineata Cameron, 1902, J. Straits Asiat. Soc. 37: 102. DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia, Sarawak - (Dover, 1931, J. Fed. Malay Mus. 16). PE, "stigma group." haugi Buysson Polistes haugi Buysson, 1906, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1906: 189. DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Congo; Zaire - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 149). PE, "sagittarius group." huisunensis Kuo Polistes huisunensis Kuo, 1987, in Kuo and Yeh, J. Natl. Chiayi Inst. Agric. 16: 80. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan. PE, "adustus group." humilis centrocontinentalis Giordani Soika Polistes humilis centrocontinentalis Giordani Soika, 1975, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 107: 20. DISTRIBUTION: central Australia. PE, "sagittarius group." humilis humilis (Fabricius) Vespa humilis Fabricius, 1781, Spec. Insect. 1: 461. Polistes tasmaniensis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 66. Polistes tricolor Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 67, non Fabricius, 1775. 12 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Polistes humilis pseudoschach Giordani Soika, 1975, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 107: 21. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Queensland, New South Wales, A. C. T, Victoria, South Australia; introduced New Zealand (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). PE, "sagittarius group." humilis synoecus Saussure Polistes synoecus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 65. Polistes variabilis var. reginae Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Nat. Hist. (8)7: 101. Polistes humilis xanthorrhoicus Giordani Soika, 1975, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 107: 21. Polistes humilis clarior Giordani Soika, 1975, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 107: 22. Polistes humilis xanthorhoicus [!]; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61: 46. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Northern Territory, Queensland, introduced Western Australia; Society Is.: Moorea, Tahiti - (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). PE, "sagittarius group." intermedius Kojima, NEW NAME Polistes medius Kojima, 1988, in Kojima and Kojima, J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 27: 74, non Palisot de Beauvois, 1818. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. PE, "sagittarius group." japonicus Saussure Polistes japonicus Saussure, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) 10: 260. Polistes jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887, Horae Entomol. Soc. Ross. 21: 435. Polistes jocahamae [!]; Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 70. Polistes yokohamae; Matsumura, 1911, Thousand Insect. Japan, Suppl. 3: 105, unnecessary emendation. Polistesformosanus Sonan, 1927, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 17: 122. Polistes jokohamae Yasumatsu, 1940, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 96, unnecessary emendation. Polistes japonicus var. formosana form koshunensis Sonan, 1938, Arbeit. Morphol. Taxon. Entomol. Berlin-Dahlem 5: 68. Unavailable under Art. 45(g)(ii)(1) of the NO. 3188 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Polistes yokahamae [!]; Sonan, 1943, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33(242-243): 475. Polistes japoniaus [!]; Kuo and Yeh, 1987, J. Natl. Chiayi Inst. Agric. 16: 81. Polistes hengchunensis Kuo, 1987, in Kuo and Yeh, J. Natl. Chiayi Inst. Agric. 16: 81. Polistes hengchun [!]; Kuo and Yeh, 1987, J. Natl. Chiayi Inst. Agric. 16: 82. Polistes shekouensis Kuo, 1987, in Kuo and Yeh, J. Natl. Chiayi Inst. Agric. 16: 82. Polistes japonicus var. fomosanus [!]; Kuo and Yeh, 1987, J. Natl. Chiayi Inst. Agric. 16: 83. DISTRIBUTION: China; Korea; Japan, including Ryukyu Is.; Taiwan - (Kim, 1980, Distr. Atlas Insect. Korea, Ser. 3, Hym. Dipt.; Lee, 1982, Econ. Insect. Fauna China Fasc. 30; Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3). PE, "sagittarius group." khasianus Cameron Polistes khasianus Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 413. DISTRIBUTION: India: Haryana, Meghalaya (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). ST. laevigatissimus Giordani Soika Polistes laevigatissimus Giordani Soika, 1975, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 107: 25. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Western Australia. ST lateritius Smith Polistes lateritius Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5, Vesp.: 103. Polistes colonicus Smith, 1860, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. 5 Suppl.: 129. Polistes lateritus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka Univ. 13: 30. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Ambon, Seram, Saparua - (Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21). ST latinis Das and Gupta Polistes latinis Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 412, nomen nudum. Polistes latinis Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11: 79. 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES DISTRIBUTION: India: Andaman Is. PE, "stigma group." lepcha Cameron Polistes khasianus Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 415, non Cameron, 1900: 413. Polistes lepcha Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 506. Replacement name for khasianus Cameron, 1900: 415, non Cameron, 1900: 413. Polistes klepcha [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 30. DISTRIBUTION: India: Haryana, Meghalaya, Manipur - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). PE, "sagittarius group." lycus Cameron Polistes lycus Cameron, 1901, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901: 242. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain, New Ireland - (Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21). ST madecassus Saussure Polistes madecassus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 51. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. PE, "sagittarius group. " madiburensis Schulthess Polistes madiburensis Schulthess, 1921, Entomol. Mitt. 10: 124. Polistes maniburesis [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka Univ. 13: 31. DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 149). PE, "sagittarius group." mandarinus Saussure Polistes mandarinus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 58. Polistes puncticollis Morawitz, 1892, Horae Entomol. Soc. Ross. 26: 150. Polistes nipponensis Perez, 1905, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2: 82. Polistes megei Perez, 1905, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2: 83. Polistes mandariniensis [.!]; Zimmermann, 1931, Z. Morphol. Okol. Tiere 22: 230. Polistes mandarinius [!]; Ma, 1936, Entomol. Phytopath. 4: 65. 13 Polistes mandarinus form nigrihumerus Uchida, 1936, Biogeographica, Tokyo 1 (2): 69. Polistes yamanakai Sonan, 1937, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 27(166): 169. DISTRIBUTION: Russia: Siberia; China; Korea; Japan - (Liu, 1937, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 11(3); Kim, 1980, Distr. Atlas Insect. Korea, Ser. 3, Hym. Dipt.). PE, "sagittarius group." meadeanus (Schulthess) Parapolybia meadeana Schulthess, 1913, Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 12: 161. Polybia andrei Buysson, 1913, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 296. Polybia shelfordi Buysson, 1913, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1913: 297. DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia; Indonesia: Borneo (van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82). ST melanopterus Cameron Polistes melanopterus Cameron, 1911, Nova Guinea, Zool. 9(2), Zool.: 187. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. ST mertoni Buysson Polistes mertoni Buysson, 1913 (1911), Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 34: 227. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Aru. ST nigrifrons nigrifrons Smith Polistes nigrifrons Smith, 1859, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. 3(11): 168. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Aru, Waigeo; New Guinea. ST nigrifrons obdurus Cheesman Polistes nigrifrons obdurus Cheesman, 1951, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12)4: 989. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. ST nigrifrons stotherti Meade-Waldo Polistes stotherti Meade-Waldo, 1916 (1915), Br. Ornithol. Union Exped. Dutch New Guinea 1: 14. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. ST. 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES nigritarsis Cameron Polistes nigritarsis Cameron, 1900, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)6: 413. DISTRIBUTION: India: West Bengal, Meghalaya - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). ST. occultus Kojima Polistes occultus Kojima, 1988, in Kojima and Kojima, J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 27: 76. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. ST philippinensis funebris Bequaert Polistes sagittarius var. (or subsp.) funebris Bequaert, 1940, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 66: 269. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Luzon. PE, "sagittarius group." philippinensis philippinensis Saussure Polistes philippinensis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 58. Polistes phillipinensis [!]; Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)7: 102. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Mindanao - (Bequaert, 1940, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 66: 265-273). PE, "sagittarius group." praenotatus Kohl Polistes praenotatus Kohl, 1908, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss., Wien 81: 311. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is. PE, "sagittarius group." riekii Richards Polistes riekii Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61: 23. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Queensland. ST rufodorsalis Yamane and Kusigemati Polistes rufodorsalis Yamane and Kusigemati, 1985, Occas. Pap. Kagoshima Univ. Res. Center S. Pacif. 5: 77. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Guadalcanal. PE, "stigma group." sagittarius indonesicus Bequaert Polistes sagittarius var (or subsp.) indonesicus Bequaert, 1940, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 66: 267. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Palawan; Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sulawesi. NO. 3188 PE, "sagittarius group." sagittarius sagittarius Saussure Polistes sagittarius Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 56. Polistes sagittarium [!]; Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11: 67. DISTRIBUTION: India: Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura; Nepal; China; Hong Kong; Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia: Sumatra, Sulawesi - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11; Kojima and Yamane, 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees in Eq. Sumatra). PE, "sagittarius group." santoshae Das and Gupta Polistes virendrai Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 415, nomen nudum. Polistes santoshae Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11: 72. DISTRIBUTION: India: Sikkim, Meghalaya; Nepal. PE, "adustus group." saussurei Dalla Torre Polistes incertus Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym.: 145, non Cresson, 1865. Polistes saussurei Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 134. Replacement name for incertus Saussure, 1890, non Cresson, 1865. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar; Comoros - (Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39). PE, "sagittarius group." sgarambus Giordani Soika Polistes sgarambus Giordani Soika, 1975, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 107: 24. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Northern Territory (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). PE, "sagittarius group." shirakii Sonan Polistes shirakii Sonan, 1943, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33(242-243): 481. Polistes shiraki [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka Univ. 13: 36. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan. PE, "sagittarius group." 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES sikorae Saussure Polistes sikorae Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 26: 233. Polistes sikorae var. obscura Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 26: 234, non Saussure, 1863. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar. PE, "sagittarius group." similis Das and Gupta Polistes similis Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 413, nomen nudum. Polistes similis Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11: 72. DISTRIBUTION: India: Meghalaya. PE, "adustus group." simulatus halmaheirensis Petersen Polistes simulatus halmaheirensis Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 58. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Halmahera. ST simulatus morotaiensis Petersen Polistes simulatus morotaiensis Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 58. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Morotai. ST simulatus obiensis Petersen Polistes simulatus obiensis Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 57. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Obi. ST simulatus simulatus Smith Polistes simulatus Smith, 1860, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. 5 Suppl.: 130. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Moluccas: Bacan, Kayoa - (Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21). ST smithii neavei Schulthess Polistes smithii var. neavei Schulthess, 1921, Entomol. Mitt. 10: 126. DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Zaire; Tanzania, including Zanzibar; Mozambique; Zambia - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 149). PE, "sagittarius group." smithii smithii Saussure Polistes smithii Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 60. 15 DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Zaire; Tanzania, including Zanzibar; Zimbabwe; South Africa: Kwazulu-Natal - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 146; Richards and Richards, 1951, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 102). PE, "sagittarius group." snelleni Saussure Polistes snelleni Saussure, 1862, Stettin. Entomol. Ztg. 23: 140. DISTRIBUTION: China; Korea; Japan - (Kim, 1980, Distr. Atlas Insect. Korea, Ser. 3, Hym. Dipt.). PE, "sagitta'rius group." stigma alagari Petersen Polistes stigma alagari Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 246. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Tawitawi, Palawan. PE, "stigma group." stigma bernardii Le Guillou Polistes bernardii Le Guillou, 1841, Rev. Mag. Zool. 5: 325. Polistes bernardii richardsi Giordani Soika, 1975, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 107: 23. Polistes bernardii duplicinctus Richards, 1978., Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61: 28. Polistes bernardii insulae Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61: 30. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Australia: Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland; Society Is.: Tahiti - (Cheesman, 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 1; Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61; Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18). PE, "stigma group." stigma dubius Saussure Polistes dubius Saussure, 1867, in Reise der Novara-Expedition, Zool. Theil 2, Hym.: 20. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Luzon, Calicoan Is. - (Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18). PE, "stigma group." stigma galatheae Petersen Polistes stigma galatheae Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 239. DISTRIBUTION: India: South Nicobar Is. PE, "stigma group." AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 16 stigma goestai Petersen Polistes stigma goestai Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 255. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: Mussau. PE, "stigma group." stigma jani Petersen Polistes stigma jani Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 256. DISTRIBUTION: Admiralty Is.: Manus. PE, "stigma group." stigma maculipennis Saussure Polistes maculipennis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 61. Polistes multipictus Smith, 1860, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. 5 Suppl.: 130, non Haliday, 1836. NEW SYNONYMY. Polistes stigma var. thoracica Buysson, 1913 (1911), Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 34: 228, non Fox, 1898. NEW SYNONYMY. Polistes comis Cheesman, 1951, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 4: 991. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Indonesia: Aru, Moluccas: Ambon - (Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18). PE, "stigma group." stigma madsi Petersen Polistes stigma madsi Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 254. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: Djaul. PE, "stigma group." stigma manillensis Saussure Polistes manillensis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 70. Polistes manillesis [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka Univ. 13: 31. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Luzon, Leyte (Kojima, 1984, Kontyu 52; Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18). PE, "stigma group." stigma nebulosus Yamane and Kusigemati Polistes stigma nebulosus Yamane and Kusigemati, 1985, Occas. Pap. Kagoshima Univ. Res. Center S. Pacif. 5: 77. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Guadalcanal; Fiji. PE, "stigma group." stigma novarae Saussure Polistes novarae Saussure, 1867, in Reise NO. 3188 der Novara-Expedition, Zool. Theil 2, Hym.: 19. DISTRIBUTION: India: North Nicobar Is. - (Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18). PE, "stigma group." stigma papuanus Schulz Polistes marginalis papuanus Schulz, 1905, Berlin Entomol. Z. 49: 231. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: New Britain; Duke of York; New Ireland - (Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18). PE, "stigma group." stigma pouli Petersen Polistes stigma pouli Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 252. DISTRIBUTION: Bismarck Archipelago: Lavongai. PE, "stigma group." stigma sauiensis Petersen Polistes stigma sauiensis Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 240. DISTRIBUTION: India: Car Nicobar Is. PE, "stigma group." stigma stigma (Fabricius) Vespa stigma Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 275. DISTRIBUTION: Thailand; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia: Sumatra; Taiwan - (Dover, 1929, Bull. Raffles Mus. 2; Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18; Kojima and Yamane, 1990, in Sakagami et al., Nat. Hist. Soc. Wasps Bees in Eq. Sumatra; Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3). PE, "stigma group." stigma svendi Petersen Polistes stigma svendi Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 257. DISTRIBUTION: Hermit Is.: Luf. PE, "stigma group." stigma tamulus (Fabricius) Vespa tamula Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Entomol. Syst.: 263. DISTRIBUTION: India: Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka - (Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). PE, "stigma group." 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES stigma townsvillensis Giordani Soika Polistes townsvillensis Giordani Soika, 1975, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 107: 22. Polistes townsvillensis austrinus Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61: 37. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Queensland, New South Wales Victoria - (Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18). PE, "stigma group." stigma tualensis Petersen Polistes stigma tualensis Petersen, 1987, Entomol. Scand. 18: 243. DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Kai Is. PE, "stigma group." stigosus atratus Das and Gupta Polistes strigosus atratus Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 415, nomen nudum. Polistes strigosus atratus Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11: 81. DISTRIBUTION: India: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Manipur, Tripura. PE, "sagittarius group." strigosus mimus Bequaert Polistes strigosus var. (or subsp.) mimus Bequaert, 1940, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 66: 272. Polistes strigosus minus [!]; Kojima and Yamane, 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci., Kagoshima Univ. (Earth Sci. Biol) 17: 119. DISTRIBUTION: Nepal; Malaysia: Sabah; Philippines: Sibuyan, Luzon, Mindanao - (Yamane and Yamane, 1979, Insect. Matsum., N. S. 15; Kojima and Yamane, 1984, Rep. Fac. Sci., Kagoshima Univ. (Earth Sci. Biol) 17). PE, "sagittarius group." strigosus strigosus Bequaert Polistes strigosus Bequaert, 1940, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 66: 269. Polistes stigosus [!]; Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 415. DISTRIBUTION: China; Taiwan - (Sonan, 1943, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 33: 467-484). PE, "sagittarius group." takasagonus Sonan Polistes takasagonus Sonan, 1943, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33(242-243): 482. 17 DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan. PE, "sagittarius group." tristis Meade-Waldo Polistes tristis Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Nat. Hist. (8)7: 101. DISTRIBUTION: Kenya. PE, "sagittarius group." tullgreni Schulz Polistes inornatus Tullgren, 1904, Arkiv Zool. 1: 456, pl. 25 figs. 15a, b, non Ritsema, 1874. Polistes tullgreni Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 229. Replacement name for inornatus Tullgren, 1904, non Ritsema, 1874. DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon; Zaire - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 151). PE, "sagittarius group." utakwae Meade-Waldo Polistes utakwae Meade-Waldo, 1916 (1915), Br. Ornithol. Union Exped. Dutch New Guinea 1: 13. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. PE, "sagittarius group." variabilis (Fabricius) Vespa variabilis Fabricius, 1781, Spec. Insect. 1: 466. DISTRIBUTION: Australia: Queensland (Richards, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 61). PE, "sagittarius group." watutus Kojima Polistes watutus Kojima, 1988, in Kojima and Kojima, J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 27: 72. DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea. PE, "sagittarius group." williamsi Petersen Polistes williamsi Petersen, 1990, Entomol. Scand. 21: 58. DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Palawan, Panay, Negros, Sibuyan, Mindanao, Samar, Luzon, Polillo. ST. xantholeucus van der Vecht Polistes xantholeucus van der Vecht, 1984, Nat. Hist. Rennell Is., Br. Solomon Is. 8: 171. DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Is.: Rennell, San Cristobal. ST. 18 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES SUBGENUS POLISTES LATREILLE Polistes Latreille, 1802, Hist. Nat. Crust. Insect. 3: 363, genus (6 species). Type species: Vespa gallica Linnaeus, 1767, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810, Consid. Gen. Crust. Arachn. Insect.: 438. Polystes [!]; Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, Insect. Recueill. Afrique Amerique: pl. 8; Buysson, 1892, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 61: 59; H. von Ihering, 1896, Zool. Anz. 19: 452. Eupolistes Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 68, name for "Premiere division" of Polistes Latreille in Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 45 (61 species). Type species: Vespa gallica Linnaeus, 1767, by subsequent designation of Richards, 1973, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 17 (13): 86. Pseudopolistes Weyrauch, 1937, Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst. Okol. Geogr. Tiere) 70: 266, 274, genus (3 species). Unavailable; no type species designated. Sulcopolistes Bliithgen, 1938 (1937), Konowia 16: 273, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Polistes semenowi Morawitz, 1889, by original designation. Polistula Weyrauch, 1938, Arbeit. Physiol. Angewand. Entomol. 5(3): 273, genus (5 species). Unavailable; no type species designated. Polistula Weyrauch, 1939, Arch. Naturgesch. (N. E) 8(2): 148, genus. Type species: Polistes kohli Dalla Torre, 1904 [= Polistes biglumis Linnaeus, 1758], by original designation. Pseudopolistes Weyrauch, 1939, Arch. Naturgesch. (N. F) 8(2): 195, validation by type selection of Pseudopolistes Weyrauch, 1937. Type species: Polistes sulcifer Zimmermann, 1930, by original designation. Leptopolistes Bluthgen, 1943, Arch. Naturgesch. (N. F) 12(1): 99, 121, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Polistes associus Kohl, 1898, by original designation. africanus Palisot de Beauvois Polistes africana Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, NO. 3188 Insect. Recueill. Afrique Amerique, livr. 12: 207. Polystes aficana [!]; Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, Insect. Recueill. Afrique Amerique: pl. 8. Polistes plebejus Gerstaecker, 1871, Arch. Naturgesch. 37: 351. Polistes inornatus Ritsema, 1874, Tijdschr. Entomol. 17: 177, 203, pl. 11 fig. 8. Polistes spilophorus Schletterer, 1891, Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 35: 29. Polistes spiloptera [!]; Kohl, 1894, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus., Wien 9: 343. Polistes spliophorus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka Univ. 13: 31. DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Liberia; Nigeria; Cameroon; Sao Tome; Zaire; Kenya; Somalia; Tanzania, including Zanzibar; Comoros; South Africa: Kwazulu-Natal, Western Cape Prov. - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 142; Guiglia, 1940, Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. Fac. Agrar. Portici 31; Giordani Soika, 1961, South Afr. Anim. Life 8). PO. albicinctus Saussure Polistes albicinctus Saussure, 1890, in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 20, Hym.: 148. Polistes albocinctus [!]; Saussure, 1900, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturforsch. Ges. 36: 234. DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar - (Giordani Soika, 1991, Lavori Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16). PO. associus Kohl Polistes associa Kohl, 1898, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus., Wien 13: 89. DISTRIBUTION: southern Europe; Turkey; Israel; Azerbaijan; India: Jammu and Kashmir; China - (Guiglia, 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion.; Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. Monogr. 11). PO. atrimandibularis Zimmermann Polistes atrimandibularis Zimmermann, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 15: 611. Polistes atrimandibularis albidus Bltithgen, 1957, Rev. Fac. Sci. Univ. Istanbul, Ser. B, 22(3): 164. DISTRIBUTION: central and southern Europe; Turkey; Iran; Armenia; Egypt - (Guiglia, 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion.; Yildrim and Ozbek, 1993, Turk. Entomol. Derg. 17). Su. badius Gerstaecker Polistes badia Gerstaecker, 1871, Arch. Naturgesch. 37: 351. DISTRIBUTION: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Gambia; Togo; Gabon; Zaire; Tanzania, including Zanzibar, Wanga; Kenya; Somalia; Ethiopia; Sudan; Yemen - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 143; Guiglia, 1939, Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 18; Guiglia, 1940, Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. Fac. Agrar. Portici 31; Giordani Soika, 1952, Riv. Biol. Colon. 11; Giordani Soika, 1957, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Exp. South-West Arabia 1937-8, 1(31)). PO. biglumis (Linnaeus) Vespa biglumis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat.: 573. Vespa rupestris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat.: 573. Vespa bimaculata Geoffroy, 1785, in Fourcroy, Entomol. Paris 2: 433. Polistes Geoffroyi Lepeletier and Serville, 1825, Encyc. Method. 10: 173. Polistes dubia Kohl, 1898, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus., Wien 13: 90, non Saussure, 1867. Polistes Kohli Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 70. Replacement name for Polistes dubia Kohl, 1898, non Saussure, 1867. V. bimacula [!] "Fourcroy"; Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 72. Polistes bimaculatus var. Arduinoi Guiglia, 1948, Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 27, Fasc. Suppl.: 14 (key), 22. "Polistes pamirensis Soika" Zirngiebl, 1955, Mitt. Munchen. Entomol. Ges. 44/45: 381. Polistes pamirensis var. soikai Zirngiebl, 1955, Mitt. Munchen. Entomol. Ges. 44/45: 383. Polistes pamirensis var. interruptus Zirngiebl, 1955, Mitt. Munchen. Entomol. Ges. 44/45: 383. Polistes bimaculatus var. nigrinotum Zirngiebl, 1955, Mitt. Muinchen. Entomol. Ges. 44/45: 385. Polistes biglumis alpium Bliithgen, 1957, 19 Rev. Fac. Sci. Univ. Istanbul, Ser. B, 22 (3): 163. Polistes geoffiroyi [!]; Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 404. DISTRIBUTION: Europe; northern Africa; Turkey; Iran; Mongolia - (Guiglia, 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion.; Giordani Soika, 1976, Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22; Guiglia, 1979, Boll. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Venezia 30; Day, 1979, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 12). PO. bischoffi Weyrauch Polistes Bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937, Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst. Okol. Geogr. Tiere) 70: 274. DISTRIBUTION: central and southern Europe; Malta; Turkey - (Guiglia, 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion). PO. chinensis antennalis Perez Polistes biglumis var. antennalis Perez, 1905, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2: 81. Polistes insepultus Giordani Soika, 1976, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 68: 288. DISTRIBUTION: Mongolia; Korea; Japan (Giordani Soika, 1976, Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22; Kim, 1980, Distr. Atlas Insect. Korea, Ser. 3, Hym. Dipt.; Lee, 1982, Econ. Insect. Fauna China, Fasc. 30). PO. chinensis chinensis (Fabricius) Vespa chinensis Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 261. Polistes caspicus Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka City Univ. 13: 21, nomen nudum. DISTRIBUTION: Russia: Siberia; China; Hong Kong; Taiwan; Japan: Okinawa; introduced New Zealand - (Liu, 1937, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 11(3); Clapperton et al., 1989, New Zealand J. Zool. 16; Starr, 1992, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3). PO. dominulus (Christ) Vespa dominula Christ, 1791, Naturgesch. Insect.: 229. Polistes italica Herrich-Schaffer, 1840, Nomencl. Entomol. 2: 196, nomen nudum. Polistes pectoralis "Meg." Herrich-Schaiffer, 1841, Fauna Insect. German. 179: 39, 179.6. 20 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Polistes gallica var. Lefebvrei Guerin, 1844, Icon. Regne Anim. 3: 447. Polistes Bucharensis Erichson, 1849, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersburg (6)6: 307. Polistes Lefebvrii [!]; Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 49. Polistes maculatus Rudow, 1889, Soc. Entomol. 3: 171. Polistes Merceti Dusmet, 1903, Mem. Soc. Espan. 2(3): 146 (key), 149. Polistes gallicus var. rufescens Buysson, 1912, Ann. Hist. Nat. Delegation Perse II. Entomol. 1: 79. Polistes gallica var. ornata Weyrauch, 1938, Arbeit. Physiol. Angewand. Entomol. Berlin-Dahlem 5: 278, non Lepeletier, 1836. Polistes gallica var. pacifica Weyrauch, 1939, Arch. Naturgesch. (N. F.) 8: 155, non Fabricius, 1804. Polistes gallicus pseudopacificus Giordani Soika, 1970, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung., Zool. 62: 326. Replacement name for pacificus Weyrauch, 1939, non Fabricius, 1804. Polistes gallicus muchei Gusenleitner, 1976, Nachrichtenbl. Bayer. Entomol. 25(6): 118. Vespa dominuta [!]; Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17: 404. DISTRIBUTION: central and southern Europe; Turkey; northern Africa; Israel; Syria; Afghanistan; Russia; Iran; Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan; Pakistan; India: Jammu and Kashmir; Mongolia; China; introduced Australia: Western Australia; Chile; U.S.A.: Massachusetts, now spread westward to Ohio - (Liu, 1937, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 11(3): 313; Guiglia, 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion.; Day, 1979, Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 12; Hathaway, 1981, Psyche 88; Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17; Cardale, 1985, in Walton, Zool. Cat. Australia 2; Yildrim and Ozbek, 1993, Turk. Entomol. Derg. 17). PO. gallicus (Linnaeus) Vespa gallica Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat. Ed. 12, 1(2): 949. Polistes pictior Radoszkowski, 1872, Horae Entomol. Soc. Ross. 8(4): v, nomen nudum. NO. 3188 Polistes foederata Kohl, 1898, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus., Wien 13: 90. Polistes gallicus var. mongolicus Buysson, 1911, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 76: 218. Polistes foederata var. obscuricornis Mader, 1936, Entomol. Z. 50(23): 263. Polistula omissa Weyrauch, 1938, Arbeit. Physiol. Angewand. Entomol. Berlin-Dahlem 5: 277. Polistes omissus var. ordubadensis Zirngiebl, 1955, Mitt. Munchen Entomol. Ges. 44/45: 381. Polistes gallicus var. monogolicus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 28. Polistes omissus kaszabi Giordani Soika, 1970, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung., Zool. 62: 327. Polistes foederatus albellus Giordani Soika, 1976, Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22: 272. DISTRIBUTION: southern Europe; Ukraine; Russia; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkmenistan; Mongolia; China; Iran; Afghanistan; Turkey; Israel; northern Africa; Ethiopia (Zimmermann, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 15; Liu, 1937, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 11(3): 313; Guiglia, 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion.; Gusenleitner, 1985, Nachrichtenbl. Bayer. Entomol. 34(4); Gusenleitner, 1991, Linzer Biol. Beitr. 23(2)). PO. indicus Stolfa Polistes indicus Stolfa, 1934, Bol. Soc. Veneziana Stor. Nat. 1: 47. DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan; Iran; Pakistan; United Arab Emirates; Oman - (Gusenleitner, 1972 (1971-72), Acta Mus. Morav. 56/57; Richards, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia 6). PO. iranus Guiglia Polistes iranus Guiglia, 1976, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 81: 198, nomen nudum. Polistes iranus Guiglia, 1977 (1976), Boll. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Venezia 28: 99. DISTRIBUTION: Iran. PO. 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES loveridgei Bequaert Polistes loveridgei Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 135. DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania; Ethiopia - (Giordani Soika, 1952, Riv. Biol. Colon. 11). PO. macrocephalus Bequaert Polistes macrocephalus Bequaert, 1918, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39: 261. DISTRIBUTION: Zaire. PO. marginalis baidoensis Giordani Soika Polistes marginalis var. baidoensis Giordani Soika, 1944, Atti Inst. Ven. Sci. Lett. Arti, Part II Cl. Sci. Mat. Nat. 103: 177. DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; Somalia. PO. marginalis lindensis Giordani Soika Polistes marginalis lindensis Giordani Soika, 1981, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 113: 174. DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania. PO. marginalis marginalis (Fabricius) Vespa marginalis Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 367. Polistes marginalis arabicus Giordani Soika, 1957, Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Exp. SouthWest Arabia 1937-8, 1(31): 482. DISTRIBUTION: Saudi Arabia; Yemen; Somalia; Ethiopia; Tanzania; South Africa: Northern Transvaal, Orange Free State, Kwazulu-Natal, Western and Eastern Cape Prov.; Lesotho - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 142; Giordani Soika, 1952, Riv. Biol. Colon. 11; Giordani Soika, 1961, South Afr. Anim. Life 8; Das and Gupta, 1984, Orient. Insect. 17; Richards, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia 6). PO. marginalis meruensis Giordani Soika Polistes marginalis meruensis Giordani Soika, 1981, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 113: 173. DISTRIBUTION: Kenya. PO. mysteriosus Bequaert Polistes mysteriosus Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 143. DISTRIBUTION: Zaire. PO. 21 nimphus (Christ) Vespa nimpha Christ, 1791, Naturgesch. Insect.: 232. Vespa diadema Latreille, 1802, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 292, non Christ, 1791. Polistes opinabilis Kohl, 1898, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus., Wien 13: 90. Polistes nympha [!]; Weyrauch, 1939, Arch. Naturgesch. (N. F) 8: 145. Polistes nimpha var. Moltonii Guiglia, 1944, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 83: 166. Polistes nimpha var. molotnii [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 33. Polistes nimpha irakensis Gusenleitner, 1976, Nachrichtenbl. Bayer. Entomol. 25 (6): 119. DISTRIBUTION: central and southern Europe; Madeiras; northern Africa; Israel; Turkey; Iraq; Azerbaijan; Iran; Pakistan; India: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh; Mongolia; China - (Zimmermann, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 15; Guiglia, 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion.; Das and Gupta, 1989, Orient. Insect. 11.; Yildrim and Ozbek, 1993, Turk. Entomol. Derg. 17). PO. ornatus Lepeletier Polistes ornata Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 531. DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; Zaire; Kenya - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 143). PO. riparius Yamane and Yamane Polistes riparius Yamane and Yamane, 1987, Kontyuf 55: 215. DISTRIBUTION: Japan. PO. semenowi Morawitz Polistes semenowi Morawitz, 1889, Horae Entomol. Soc. Ross. 23: 552. Polistes semenowii [!]; Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 134. Pseudopolistes semenovi [!]; Weyrauch, 1937, Zool. Jahrb. (Abt. Syst. Okol. Geogr. Tiere) 70: 265. DISTRIBUTION: southern Europe; northern Africa; Turkey; Iran; Turkmenistan - (Guig- 22 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES lia, 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion). SU. sulcifer Zimmermann Polistes sulcifer Zimmermann, 1930, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 15: 610. Polistes sulcifera [!]; Guiglia and Capra, 1933 (1932), Mem. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 11: 166. Pseudpolistes sulcifer var. similator Zirngiebl, 1955, Mitt. Munchen. Entomol. Ges. 44/45: 384. DISTRIBUTION: southern and central Europe; Madeiras; northern Africa; Egypt; Israel; Turkey; Iran - (Guiglia, 1972, Guepes Soc. Europe Occident. Septentrion). SU. tenellus lahejensis Giordani Soika Polistes tenellus lahejensis Giordani Soika, 1981, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 113: 175. DISTRIBUTION: Yemen. PO. tenellus minutissimus Giordani Soika Polistes tenellus minutissimus Giordani Soika, 1981, Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 113: 174. DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia. PO. tenellus tenellus Buysson Polistes tenellus Buysson, 1905, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1905: 256. DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Congo; Zaire - (Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 150). PO. SUBGENUS APHANILOPTERUS MEUNIER Aphanilopterus Meunier, 1888, Nat. Sicil. 7: 302, genus. Type species: Aphanilopterus vagabundus Meunier, 1888 [= Vespa lanio Fabricius, 1775], by monotypy. Polistoides Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 68, name for division II of genus Polistes Latreille in Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 100. Non Polistoides Loew, 1873 (Diptera). Type species: Polistes subsericeus Saussure, 1854, by monotypy. Onerarius Richards, 1973, Rev. Bras. Ento- NO. 3188 mol. 17: 91, 94, 101, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Vespa carmifex Fabricius, 1775, by original designation. Fuscopolistes Richards, 1973, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 17: 91, 95, 100, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Vespa fuscata Fabricius, 1793, by original designation. Polistarchus Richards, 1973, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 17: 94, 95, 101, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Vespa canadensis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation. Palisotius Richards, 1973, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 17: 95, 96, 100, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Polistes major Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, by original designation. Epicnemius Richards, 1973, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 17: 96, 102, subgenus of Polistes Latreille. Type species: Polistes bicolor Lepeletier, 1836, by original designation. actaeon Haliday Polistes actaeon Haliday, 1836, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 323. Polistes acteon [!]; Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 98. Polistes limai von Ihering, 1903, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 72: 145. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil; Paraguay; Argentina: Misiones - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. adelphus Richards Polistes adelphus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.: 501. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Ecuador. A, group 2. angulinus Richards Polistes erythrogaster var. angulinus Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 92. DISTRIBUTION: Guyana. E, group 3. annularis (Linnaeus) Vespa annularis Linnaeus, 1763, Amoenitat. Acad. 6: 413. 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES Vespa cincta Drury, 1773, Illus. Nat. Hist. 2: index to vol. 1. Vespa virginiensis [!]; Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 122. Vespa annulata [!]; Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 123. Polistes annuralis [!]; Yamane, 1969, J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VI, Zool. 17: 79. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Massachusetts to Florida, west to South Dakota, south to Texas - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.). A, group 1. apachus Saussure Polistes apachus Saussure, 1857, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (3)5: 314. Polistes texanus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 4: 246. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Kansas to Colorado, south to Texas, occasionally Iowa, California, Florida; Mexico: Baja California, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Coahuila, Sonora, Durango - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). F apicalis Saussure Polistes apicalis Saussure, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2)10: 260. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Veracruz, Chiapas; Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica; French Guiana - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). A, group 3. arizonensis Snelling Polistes exclamans arizonensis Snelling, 1954, J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 27: 152. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Arizona, California; Mexico: Sonora - (Krombein et al., 1958, Hym. Am. N. of Mexico Suppl.). A, group 5. aterimus Saussure Polistes aterrimus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 73. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Venezuela; Bolivia - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). A, group 1. 23 atrox Richards Polistes atrox Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.: 542. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Para'. E, group 3. aurifer Saussure Polistes aurifer Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 78. Polistes anaheimensis Provancher, 1888, Addit. Corr. Faune Entomol. Can., Hym.: 423. Polistes fuscatus var. utahensis Hayward, 1933, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. 10: 142. Polistesfuscatus vtriatus [!]; Hayward, 1933, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. 10: 142. Polistes fuscatus var. centralis Hayward, 1933, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. 10: 143. Polistes fuscatus var. (or subsp.) connectens Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 21. Polistes fuscatus var. (or subsp.) montanus Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 26. DISTRIBUTION: Canada: Alberta, British Columbia; U. S .A.: Montana to Washington, south to California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas; Mexico: Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila; introduced U.S.A.: Hawaii, Society Is.: Bora Bora, Raiatea, Tahiti - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.; MacLean et al., 1978, Great Lakes Entomol. 11; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). F. bahamensis Bequaert and Salt Polistes bahamensis Bequaert and Salt, 1931, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 24: 793. Polistes bahamensis var. bilineolatus Bequaert and Salt, 1931, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 24: 796. Polistes bahamensis var. picturatus Bequaert and Salt, 1931, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 24: 797. Polistes exclamans var. (or subsp.) louisianus Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 14. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Florida to Louisiana; Bahamas - (Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico; Snelling, 1983, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 59). A, group 5. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 24 bellicosus Cresson Polistes bellicosus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 4: 247. DISTRIBUTION: North Carolina to Florida, west to Texas (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.). - F bequaertellus Snelling Polistes bequaertellus Snelling, 1983, PanPacif. Entomol. 59: 269. DISTRIBUTION: El Salvador. A, group 5. bequaertianus Willink Polistes bequaertiana Willink, 1954, Acta Zool. Lilloana 14: 255. DISTRIBUTION: Argentina: Misiones. E, group 3. bicolor Lepeletier Polistes bicolor Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 521. Polistes deuteroleucus Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 10. Polistes bicolor var unicolor Ducke, 1908, Deutsch. Entomol. Z. 6: 700, non Lepeletier, 1836. Polistes sosia Bequaert, 1937, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 190. Polistes duckei Bequaert, 1937, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 192. Replacement name for bicolor var. unicolor Ducke, 1908, non Lepeletier, 1836. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Venezuela; Suriname; French Guiana; Brazil: Amapa, Para, Amazonas, Acre, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). E, group 1. - biguttatus Haliday Polistes biguttatus Haliday, 1836, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 323. ? Polistes bipustulatus [!]; Smith, 1875, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 12: 156. Polistes bipustulstus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka City Univ. 13: 22. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. - NO. 3188 billardieri biglumoides Ducke Polistes biglumoides Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Para 4: 369. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Peru; Venezuela; Brazil: Amapa', Pernambuco, to Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso; Bolivia - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. billardieri billardieri Fabricius Polistes billardieri Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 274. Polistes ruficornis var. demeraraensis Bequaert, 1937, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 181. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Guyana; Suriname; Brazil: Roraima, Amazonas, Mato Grosso - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. billardieri ruficornis Saussure Polistes ruficornis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 85. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Goia's, Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Mato Grosso, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina: Misiones to Salta; Bolivia (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. binotatus Saussure Polistes binotatus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 87. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. boharti Snelling Polistes boharti Snelling, 1983, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 59: 272. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Sinaloa, Nayarit, Guerrero, Colima, Oaxaca, Veracruz. E, group 3. brevifissus Richards Polistes brevifissus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 481. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Amapa, Roraima, Para, Mato Grosso, Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul; Argentina: Buenos Aires. A, group 1. buyssoni Brethes Polistes cavapyta var. thoracica Buysson, 1906, Entomol. Medd. 3: 19, non Fox, 1898. Polistes cavapyta var. buyssoni Brethes, 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES 1909, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires (3)17: 456. Replacement name for cavapyta var. thoracica Buysson, 1906, non Fox, 1898. DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia; Argentina: Jujuy to Rio Negro; introduced Chile - (Willink, 1952, Acta Zool. Lilloana 10; PerezD'Angello, 1970, Not. Mens. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. 15(169); Willink and Chiappa, 1993, Acta Entomol. Chil. 18). A, group 1. canadensis borientalis Richards Polistes canadensis borientalis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 494. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Bahia. A, group 1. canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus) Vespa canadensis Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat.: 574. "Vespa crabro marribous Linn." Christ, 1791, Naturgesch. Insect.: 217. ? Polistes urceolata "Klug" Erichson, 1848, in Schomburgk, Reisen Br.-Guiana III: 590. ? Polistes urceolicus [!]; Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 71. Polistes unicolor Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 520. Polistes panamensis Holmgren, 1868, K. enska Fregat. Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, Zool. 1, Insect., Hym.: 439. Polistes canadensiss [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 26. Polistes canadiensis [!]; Maes, 1988, Rev. Nicarag. Entomol. 5: 39. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Arizona; Mexico: Sonora, Tamaulipas, Nayarit to Oaxaca; Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Peru; Venezuela; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Brazil: Amazonas to Para, Bahia and Mato Grosso south to Sao Paulo; Bolivia; Paraguay; Argentina: Corrientes, Misiones, Tucumain - (Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 1. candidoi von Ihering Polistes candidoi von Ihering, 1903, Ann. Soc Entomol. France 72: 144. 25 DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia. E, group 3. carnifex boliviensis Bequaert Polistes carnifex var. boliviensis Bequaert, 1936, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 6: 381. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Peru; Bolivia (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). 0. carnifex carnifex (Fabricius) Vespa carnifex Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 365. ? Polistes variegata Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 523. Polistes onerata Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 524. Polistes valida Say, 1837, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 1: 389. Polistes transverso-strigata Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 62. Polistes transversosignatus [!]; Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 90. Polistes transversesignata [!]; Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 226. Polistes transversignatus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 23. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Arizona, Texas; Mexico; Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Brazil: Pernambuco to Amazonas, south to Rio Grande do Sul; Guyana; Suriname; Paraguay; Argentina: Misiones; introduced U.S.A.: Hawaii (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico; Nishida, 1992, Hawaiian Terr. Arth. Checklist; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). 0. carnifex rufipennis Latreille Polistes rufipennis Latreille, 1817, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Voyage, Zool. 2, Insect. 2: 97. Polistes chlorostoma Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 521. Polistes transverso-strigata var. ochreata "KL." Spinola, 1851, Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2)13: 63. DISTRIBUTION: Honduras; Colombia; Trini- 26 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES dad; Tobago; Suriname; French Guiana (Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). 0. carolina (Linnaeus) Vespa carolina Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, 1(2): 948. Vespa nigripennis DeGeer, 1773, Mem. Hist. Insect. 3: 582, pl. 29 fig. 10. Polistes rubiginosa Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 524. Polistes ruginosus [!]; Gowdey, 1926, Entomol. Bull., Dept. Agric. Jamaica 4: 95. Polistes rubigenosus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 35. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: New York to Florida, west to Kansas and Texas; introduced Bermuda - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). F cavapyta Saussure Polistes cavapyta Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 87. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina: Misiones to Jujuy, south to Buenos Aires - (Willink, 1952, Acta Zool. Lilloana 10; Willink and Chiappa, 1993, Acta Entomol. Chil. 18). A, group 1. cavapytiformis Richards Polistes cavapytiformis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 481. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Parana to Rio Grande do Sul. A, group 1. cinerascens Saussure Polistes cinerascens Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 99. Polistes orbitalis Kirby, 1888, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)2: 143. DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador; Brazil: Bahia to Mato Grosso and Santa Catarina; Bolivia; Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina: Misiones and Jujuy to Buenos Aires - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. claripennis Ducke Polistes claripennis Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Para 4: 370. NO. 3188 Polistes synoecoides Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Para 5: 196. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Para, Amazonas; Peru - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. comanchus comanchus Saussure Polistes comanchus Saussure, 1857, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (3)5: 314. Polistes commanchus [!]; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 485. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Texas, New Mexico; Mexico: Coahuila, Durango - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). A, group 1. comanchus navajoe Cresson Polistes navajoe Cresson, 1868, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 1: 383. Polistes novajoe [!]; Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 132. Polistes novajae [!]; Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 177. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Texas to Arizona, California; Mexico: Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.: 485; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). A, group 1. consobrinus Saussure Polistes consobrinus Saussure, 1858, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2)10: 259. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Parana, Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina: Buenos Aires, Correnties, Entre Rios, Santa Fe - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.). A, group 2. crinitus americanus (Fabricius) Vespa americana Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 370. Polistes madoci Kirby, 1884, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)13: 411. Polistes madocii [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka Univ. 13: 30. DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico; Mona Is.; St. Thomas - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 5. 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES crinitus crinitus (Felton) Vespa crinita Felton, 1765 (1764), Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 54: 54. Vespa tricolor Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 369, non Pallas, 1771. Polistes media Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, Insect. Recueill. Afrique Am6rique, livr. 12: 207. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Montserrat - (Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 5. crinitus multicolor (Olivier) Vespa multicolor Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Method. 6: 691. ? Vespa dominicensis Vallot, 1802, Concord. Syst.: 168. Polistes crinitus var. insulicola Bequaert and Salt, 1931, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 24: 793. DISTRIBUTION: Guadeloupe; St. Croix; St. Barthelemy; St. Kitts; Anguilla; Nevis; Montserrat; Antigua; Dominica - (Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 5. cubensis Lepeletier Polistes cubensis Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 526. DISTRIBUTION: Cuba; introduced Venezuela (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 5. davillae Richards Polistes davillae Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 540. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Amazonas, Mato Grosso. E, group 3. deceptor Schulz Polistes deceptor Schulz, 1905, Hym.-Studien: 119. Polistes rhodostoma Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 23. DISTRIBUTION: Panama; Ecuador; Peru; Guyana; Suriname; Brazil: Amazonas, Para', Sao Paulo; Bolivia; Paraguay; Argentina: Misiones - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. 27 dominicus (Vallot) Vespa dominica Vallot, 1802, Concord. Syst.: 168. Polistes cincta Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 522, non Drury, 1773. Polistes cinctus barbadensis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 479. DISTRIBUTION: St. Kitts; Montserrat; Martinique; Barbados; Santa Lucia; St. Vincent; Mustique Is.; Carriacou Is.; Trinidad (Snelling, 1983, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 59). A, group 1. dorsalis californicus Bohart Polistes hunteri californicus Bohart, 1949, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 25: 101. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: California, Arizona; Mexico: Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.). F dorsalis clarionensis Bohart Polistes hunteri clarionensis Bohart, 1949, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 25: 102. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Revilla Gigedo group and Clarion Is. F dorsalis dorsalis (Fabricius) Vespa dorsalis Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 367. Polistes fuscatus (var. or subsp.) hunteri Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 23. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Virginia to Florida, west to Arizona; Mexico: San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Nayarit, D. F, Morelos, Guerrero; Jamaica - (van der Vecht, 1970, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet (ser. C) 73; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.). F. dorsalis maritimus Bequaert Polistes fuscatus var (or subsp.) maritimus Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 25. DISTRIBUTION: Bahamas: Andros Is. F dorsalis neotropicus Bequaert Polistes fuscatus var (or subsp.) neotropicus Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 28. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Colorado, New Mex- AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 28 ico, Texas; Mexico: Veracruz, Oaxaca; Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica - (Bohart, 1949, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 25; van der Vecht, 1970, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet (ser. C) 73; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.). F eburneus Bequaert Polistes canadensis var. (or subsp.) eburneus Bequaert, 1943, Bol. Entomol. Venezolana 2:118. DISTRIBUTION: Paraguay. A, group 2. erythrocephalus Latreille Polistes erythrocephala Latreille, 1813, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Voyage, Zool. 2, Insect. 2: 96. DISTRIBUTION: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia; Brazil: Para to Acre, south to Parana (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 1. - Viereck Polistes exclamans Viereck, 1906, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 32: 201. Polistes exclamans durangoensis Snelling, 1955, Am. Mus. Novitates 1701: 7. Polistes instabilis coahuilae Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 510. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: New Jersey to Florida, west to Nebraska, Colorado, Texas; Mexico: Chihuahua to Jalisco, Hidalgo; introduced U.S.A.: Hawaii (Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico; Snelling, 1983, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 59; Nishida, 1992, Hawaiian Terr. Arth. Checklist). A, group 5. exciamans - ferreri Saussure Polistes ferreri Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 77. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso; Bolivia; Uruguay; Argentina: Buenos Aires, Tucuman (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 1. flavus Cresson Polistes flavus Cresson, 1868, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 1: 383. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: California (southern), - NO. 3188 Nevada to Colorado, Arizona to Texas (western); Mexico: Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). F franciscanus Richards Polistes franciscanus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 521. DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala. A, group 5. fuscatus (Fabricius) ? Vespa tibialis Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Method. Insect. 6: 690, non Gmelin, 1790. Vespa fuscata Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 260. Vespa nestor Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Entomol. Syst.: 262. Polistes pallipes Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 530. Polistes exilis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 85. Polistes variatus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 4: 247. Polistes fortunatus Kirby, 1884, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)13: 410. Polistes pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 133, unnecessary emendation. Polistesfuscatus var. (or subsp.) laurentianus Bequaert, 1942, Can. Entomol. 74: 159. Polistes varistus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 27. DISTRIBUTION: Canada; U.S.A.: Maine south to Florida, west to Nebraska, south to Texas; Bermuda; Jamaica; Barbados; introduced Cape Verde Is.; Ascension Is. (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.; MacLean et al., 1978, Great Lakes Entomol. 11; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). Note: Vespa tibialis Olivier was described from Georgia, and has remained unrecognized; the description may correspond to a dark specimen of fuscatus. F geminatus geminatus Fox Polistes geminatus Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1898: 448. Polistes gaminatus [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 28. DISTRIBUTION: French Guiana; Brazil: Para, 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES Minas Gerais, Goias, Mato Grosso, Sao Paulo - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. geminatus guyanensis Cameron Polistes guyanensis Cameron, 1912, Timehri 2: 221. DISTRIBUTION: Guyana. E, group 3. goeldii Ducke Polistes goeldii Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Para 4: 368. DISTRIBUTION: El Salvador; Costa Rica; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Brazil: Para, Amazonas, Mato Grosso - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). A, group 6. huacapistana Richards Polistes huacapistana Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 496. DISTRIBUTION: Peru. A, group 1. incertus Cresson Polistes incertus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Philadelphia 4: 166. DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Is. de la Juventud; Haiti; Dominican Republic; Tortuga Is. (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 5. infuscatus anduzei Bequaert Polistes canadensis var. (or subsp.) anduzei Bequaert, 1943, Bol. Entomol. Venezolana 2: 114. DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela; Peru - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 1. infuscatus ecuadorius Richards Polistes infuscatus ecuadorius Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 484. DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador; Colombia. A, group 1. infuscatus infuscatus Lepeletier Polistes infuscata Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 520. Polistes canadensis amazonicus Schulz, 1905, Hym.-Studien: 113. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Panama; Colom- 29 bia; Venezuela; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Brazil: Para (Schulz, 1905, Hym.-Studien; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). A, group 1. infuscatus mariae Richards Polistes infuscatus mariae Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 484. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia. A, group 1. infuscatus metensis Richards Polistes infuscatus metensis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 484. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia. A, group 1. instabilis Saussure Polistes instabilis Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 91, pl. X fig. 2, pl. XI fig. 1. Polistes instbailis [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol., Osaka Univ. 13: 24. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Sonora and Tamaulipas to Yucatan; Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; ? introduced U.S.A.: southern Texas - (Snelling, 1974, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 76; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 3. kaibabensis Hayward Polistes canadensis var. kaibabensis Hayward, 1932, Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. 9: 89. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Arizona (Grand Canyon), southern Utah - (Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). A, group 1. lanio lanio (Fabricius) Vespa lanio Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 365. Aphanilopterus vagabundus Meunier, 1888, Nat. Sicil. 7: 302. Polistes canadensis trinitatis Giordani Soika, 1965, Boll. Entomol. Soc. Ital. 95: 27, non Bequaert, 1937. Polistes lanio soikai Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 490, non Zirngiebl, 1955. Replacement name for canadensis trinitatis 30 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Giordani Soika, 1965, non Bequaert, 1937. NEW STATUS. Polistes "efoveatus Richards" Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 50, nomen nudum. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Peru; Trinidad; Guyana; Brazil: Amapa' to Acre, Para' to Rio Grande do Sul; Bolivia; Paraguay; Argentina: Corrientes, Misiones - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). Note: Because the name soikai is preoccupied in Polistes, I am treating Richards' name as a synonym of nominotypical lanio. A, group 1. lanio satanulus Bequaert Polistes canadensis var. (or subsp.) satanulus Bequaert, 1940, Entomol. News 51: 82. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Santa Catarina. A, group 1. lanio weberi Bequaert Polistes canadensis var. (or subsp.) weberi Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 12. DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela. A, group 1. lineonotus Bohart Polistes exclamans lineonotus Bohart, 1949, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 25: 98. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Baja California (Snelling, 1983, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 59). A, group 5. major bonaccensis Bequaert Polistes major var. bonaccensis Bequaert, 1937, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 174. DISTRIBUTION: Honduras: Bonacca Is. PA. major castaneicolor Bequaert Polistes major var. castaneicolor Bequaert, 1936, Entomol. News 47: 12. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: southern Arizona, New Mexico; Mexico: Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Jalisco - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). PA. major colombianus Bequaert Polistes major var. (or subsp.) colombianus Bequaert, 1940, Entomol. News 51: 80. NO. 3188 DISTRIBUTION: Colombia. PA. major major Palisot de Beauvois Polistes major Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, Insect. Recueill. Afrique Amerique, livr. 12: 206. Polistes maior [!]; Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 227. Polistes major var. (or subsp.) bakeri Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 15. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: southern Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Florida; Cuba; Bahamas; Navassa Is.; Dominican Republic; Jamaica; Mexico; Guatemala, El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Venezuela; Trinidad; Brazil: Para, Amazonas, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo, Mato Grosso; ? introduced Puerto Rico - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). PA. major weyrauchi Bequaert Polistes major var. (or subsp.) weyrauchi Bequaert, 1940, Entomol. News 51: 79. DISTRIBUTION: Panama; Colombia; Venezuela; Peru - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). PA. maranonensis Willink Polistes versicolor var. flavescens Weyrauch, 1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado" 7: 71, nomen nudum. Polistes maranonensis Willink, 1964, Acta Zool. Lilloana 20: 16. DISTRIBUTION: Peru - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. melanosoma Saussure Polistes melanosoma Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 76. DISTRIBUTION: Guyana; Brazil: Espirito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; Argentina: Misiones - (Bequaert, 1937, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES melanotus Richards Polistes melanotus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 487. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia. A, group 1. metricus Say Polistes metrica Say, 1831, Am. Entomol.: 15. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: New York to Florida, west to Nebraska, south to Texas - (Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). F mexicanus Bequaert Polistes canadensis var. (or subsp.) mexicanus Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 10. Polistes canadensis var. (or subsp.) wheeleri Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 48: 12. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Sonora, Veracruz, Puebla, D. F, Morelos, Guerrero, Oaxaca - (Snelling, 1974, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 76; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 1. minor Palisot de Beauvois Polistes minor Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, Insect. Recueill. Afrique Amerique, livr. 12: 207. Polistes hertwigi Schulz, 1903, Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. KI. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 33: 486. DISTRIBUTION: Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico; Tortuga Is. - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 5. moraballi Richards Polistes erythrogaster var. moraballi Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 92. DISTRIBUTION: Guyana. E, group 3. myersi curassavicus Richards Polistes myersi curassavicus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 507. DISTRIBUTION: Netherlands Antilles: Curaqao; Aruba; Bonaire. A, group 2. 31 myersi myersi Bequaert Polistes versicolor var. myersi Bequaert, 1934, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 4 151. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Venezuela - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). A, group 2. niger Brethes Polistes niger Brethes, 1903, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires (3)9: 20. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso - (Bequaert, 1937, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 551). E, group 3. ninabamba Richards Polistes ninabamba Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 500. DISTRIBUTION: Peru. A, group 2. notatipes Richards Polistes notatipes Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am: 488. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Sao Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul. A, group 1. obscurus Saussure Polistes obscurus Saussure, 1863, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 17: 236. Polistes obscurus var. simulans Bertoni, 1918, An. Cient. Parag. (2)3: 228. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil; Paraguay; Argentina: Misiones - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. occipitalis Ducke Polistes occipitalis Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Para' 4: 371. DISTRIBUTION: Panama; Colombia; Peru; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Brazil: Amapa', Amazonas, Para', Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo; Bolivia (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. oculatus Smith Polistes oculatus Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5, Vesp.: 111. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Guadalajara, More- 32 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES los, Oaxaca, Veracruz; Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, in Hanson and Gauld, Hym. Costa Rica). A, group 4. pacificus Fabricius Polistes pacifica Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 274. Polistes liliaciosus Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 97. Polistes liliaceusculus Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 98. Polistes pacificus flavopictus Ducke, 1918, Rev. Mus. Paulista 10: 360. Polistes modestus Smith, 1862, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London (3)1: 38. Polistes pacificus var. trinitatis Bequaert, 1937, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 197. Polistes pacificus var. flavopicus [!]; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 549. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: southern Texas; Mexico: Veracruz, Colima, Guerrero, Morelos, Yucatain; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Venezuela; Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Brazil: Amapd to Amazonas, Bahia to Sao Paulo; Paraguay; Bolivia - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.; Snelling, 1983, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 59). E, group 3. palmarum Bequaert Polistes major var. palmarum Bequaert, 1936, Entomol. News 47: 11. Polistes major slevini Bohart, 1949, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 25: 103. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: southern California; Mexico: Baja California - (Snelling, 1983, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 59). PA. paraguayensis Bertoni Polistes paraguayensis Bertoni, 1921, Rev. Soc. Cient. Paraguay 1: 12. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Mato Grosso; Bolivia; Paraguay; Argentina: Misiones - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). PA. penai Richards Polistes penai Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 494. DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia. NO. 3188 A, group 1. perplexus Cresson Polistes perplexus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 4: 245. Polistes generosus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 4: 246. DISTRIBUTION: U.S.A.: Maryland to Georgia, west to Kansas, south to Texas - (Krombein, 1979, in Krombein et al., Cat. Hym. Am. N. of Mexico). F peruvianus Bequaert Polistes versicolor var. peruvianus Bequaert, 1934, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 4: 152. DISTRIBUTION: Peru - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. poeyi haitiensis Bequaert and Salt Polistes poeyi var. haitiensis Bequaert and Salt, 1931, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 24: 792. Polistes poeyi var. haitensis [!]; Yoshikawa, 1962, J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 13: 35. DISTRIBUTION: Haiti; Dominican Republic. F poeyi poeyi Lepeletier Polistes poeyi Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 532. DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Is. de la Juventud (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.). F pseudoculatus Snelling Polistes instabilis pseudoculatus Snelling, 1955, Am. Mus. Novitates 1701: 8. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Chihuahua. A, group 3. ridleyi Kirby Polistes ridleyi Kirby, 1890, J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 20: 541. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Fernando Noronha. A, group 5. rossi Bohart Polistes rossi Bohart, 1949, Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 25: 99. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Baja California. F 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES rufidens Saussure Polistes rufidens Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 77. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Venezuela - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. rufiventris Ducke Polistes rufiventris Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Para' 4: 371. Polistes erythrogaster Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 23. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; Brazil: Para, Amazonas, Rondonia (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. satan Bequaert Polistes canadensis var. (or subsp.) satan Bequaert, 1940, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 28 :11. ? Polistes melanarius Zikain, 1951, Dusenia 2: 230. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Goias, D. F, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Minas Gerais - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 1. simillimus Zikain Polistes simillimus Zikain, 1951, Dusenia 2: 232. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul; Bolivia; Paraguay; Argentina: Jujuy to Misiones, south to Buenos Aires (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. stabilinus Richards Polistes stabilinus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 510. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Sonora, Jalisco, Veracruz, Tabasco, Yucatan; Belize; Honduras. A, group 3. subsericeus Saussure Polistes subsericeus Saussure, 1854, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 100. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Venezuela; Guyana; Suriname; Brazil: Amapa', Amazonas, Para to Mato Grosso, Sao Paulo; Paraguay; Bolivia - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. 33 testaceicolor Bequaert Vespa analis Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Entomol. Syst.: 261, non Fabricius, 1775. Polistes testaceicolor Bequaert, 1937, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 179. Replacement name for analis Fabricius, 1798, non Fabricius, 1775. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Colombia; Venezuela; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Brazil: Amapa' to Acre, Mato Grosso; Bolivia - (Bequaert, 1949, Bol. Mus. Venez. 7; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 3. thoracicus Fox Polistes thoracicus Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1898: 447. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Goias, Matto Grosso; Paraguay - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). E, group 2. torresae Silveira, NEW NAME Polistes occultus Silveira, 1994, Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Env. 29(4): 189, non Kojima, 1988. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil: Para, Rondonia. E, group 3. veracrucis Richards Polistes veracrucis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 508. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico: Nuevo Le6n, Veracruz, Hidalgo. A, group 2. versicolor flavoguttatus Bequaert Polistes versicolor var. flavoguttatus Bequaert, 1934, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 4: 155. DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. versicolor kaieteurensis Bequaert Polistes versicolor var. kaieteurensis Bequaert, 1934, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 4: 156. DISTRIBUTION: Guyana; Brazil: Roraima (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. versicolor versicolor (Olivier) Vespa versicolor Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Method. 6: 692. 34 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Vespa myops Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Entomol. Syst.: 261. Polistes opalinus Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 89. Polistes versicolor var. vulgaris Bequaert, 1934, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 4: 150. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Venezuela; Trinidad; Grenada; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Brazil: Amapa' to Acre, Para' to Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso; Bolivia; Paraguay; Argentina: Jujuy to Misiones, south to Buenos Aires - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. weyrauchorum Willink Polistes weyrauchorum Willink, 1964, Acta Zool. Lilloana: 12. DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador; Peru; Chile - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. xanthogaster willei Bequaert Polistes versicolor var. (or subsp.) willei Bequaert, 1940, Entomol. News 51: 81. DISTRIBUTION: Peru - (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. xanthogaster xanthogaster Bequaert Polistes versicolor var. (or subsp.) xanthogaster Bequaert, 1940, Entomol. News 5 1: 81. DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia; Argentina: Cordoba (Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.). A, group 2. FOSSIL SPECIES attavinus (Heer) Vespa attavina Heer, 1850, Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammt. Naturwiss. 11: 101, pl. VII fig. 8. Vespa atavina [!]; Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 137. ? Polistes "primativa Heer" Piton, 1940, Thesis Fac. Sci., Univ. Clermont: 227, nomen nudum. Miocene of Austria - (Bequaert, 1930, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 25: 69). industrius Theobald Polistes industrius Theobald, 1937, Bull. NO. 3188 Soc. Sci. Nancy 2: 399, pl. VIII fig. 10, p1. XXVIII fig. 9. Oligocene of France. kirbyanus Cockerell Polistes kirbyanus Cockerell, 1914, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 66: 638. Miocene of Colorado. signatus Statz Polistes signata Statz, 1936, Decheniana 93: 282, pl. XI fig. 33. Oligocene of Germany. vergnei Piton Polistes vergnei Piton, 1940, Thesis Fac. Sci., Univ. Clermont: 226, fig. 93. Eocene of France. UNRECOGNIZED TAXA concinnus (Fabricius) Vespa concinna Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 367. DISTRIBUTION: Australia - (Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 23 1). fuscus Fabricius Polistes fusca Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 274. DISTRIBUTION: Australia. luctuosus (Smith) Polybia luctuosa Smith, 1858, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. 2: 114. DISTRIBUTION: Borneo - (van der Vecht, 1966, Zool. Verh., Leiden 82). rubidus Lepeletier Polistes rubida Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Insect. Hym. 1: 523. DISTRIBUTION: South Africa. spinolae Saussure Polistes spinolae Saussure, 1853, Et. Fam. Vesp. 2: 80. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Stefano Turillazzi and Mary Jane West-Eberhard, the organizers of the workshop "Natural History and Evolution of an Insect Society: The Paper Wasp Case," held in Castiglioncello in October, 1993, for providing incentive to produce this list. I also thank Martin Cooper, Jun-ichi Kojima, Arnold Menke, and Chris Starr for 1996 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES many useful suggestions. Bert Gustafsson and Thomas Jaenson sent Swedish specimens of biglumis for comparison with subspecies bimaculatus. Jun-ichi Kojima suggested the replacement name intermedius. Orlando Tobias Silveira suggested the replacement name torresae, in honor of Sra. Maria Fernanda 35 Torres, who collected the specimens from Rondonia and Carajas described as occultus Silveira. Those names should be attributed to the respective author, and I am grateful that these authors permitted me to include the names in this checklist. REFERENCES Archer, M. E. 1991. Taxonomy and bionomics of the Vespa tropica group (Hym., Vespinae). Entomol. Mon. Mag. 127: 225-232. 1992. The taxonomy of Vespa crabro L. and V. dybowskii Andre (Hym., Vespinae). Ibid., 128: 157-163. 1994. Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of the Vespa bicolor group (Hym., Vespinae). Ibid., 130: 149-158. 1995. Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of the Vespa mandarinia group (Hym., Vespinae). Ibid., 131: 47-53. Bequaert, J. 1938. Etudes sur les Hymenopteres Diplopteres d'Afrique. II. Quelques Polistes nouveaux pour la faune du Congo Belge avec un aperqu des especes ethiopiennes et malgaches du genre. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 31: 129-152. Bliithgen, P. 1955. Weiter Beitrage zur Synonymie der palaarktischen Faltenwespen. (Hym. Vespidae.) Mitt. Munch. Entomol. Ges. 44/45: 397-417. Bohart, R. M. 1951. Vespidae. In C. F W. Muesebeck, K. V. Krombein, and H. K. Townes (eds), Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico. U. S. D. A. Agric. Monogr. 2, 875-907. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Gov. Printing Office. Bohart, R. M., and A. S. Menke 1974. Names of some North American vespoid wasps. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 47: 459-469. Cardale, J. C. 1985. Hymenoptera: Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. Zool. Cat. Australia 2: 150-303. Carpenter, J. M. 1988 ("1987"). A review of the subspecies concept in the eumenine genus Zeta (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Psyche 94: 253-259. 1993. Biogeographic patterns in the Vespidae (Hymenoptera): Two views of Africa and South America. In P Goldblatt (ed), Biological Relationships between Africa and South America, 139-155. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. 1996. Phylogeny and biogeography of Polistes. In S. Turillazzi and M. J. WestEberhard (eds), Natural History and Evolution of Paper-Wasps, 18-57. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Carpenter, J. M., and J. van der Vecht 1991. A study of the Vespidae described by William J. Fox (Insecta: Hymenoptera), with assessment of taxonomic implications. Ann. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. 60: 211-241. Dalla Torre, K. W. von 1894. XV. Fam. Vespidae Latr. Cat. Hym. 9: 1-181. 1904. Vespidae. Genera Insect. 19: 1-108. Das, B. P., and V. K. Gupta 1989. The social wasps of India and the adjacent countries. Oriental Insect. Monogr. 11: 1-292. Day, M. C. 1979. The species of Hymenoptera described by Linnaeus in the genera Sphex, Chrysis, Vespa, Apis and Mutilla. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 12: 45-84. Giordani Soika, A. 1991. Vespoidei raccolti da L. A. Nilsson nel Madagascar con una tabella per la determinazione delle Ropalidia del Madagascar. Lav. Soc. Ven. Sci. Nat. 16: 79-90. Guiglia, D. 1972. Les guepes sociales (Hymenoptera Vespidae) d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen 6. Paris: Masson et Cie. Kohl, F 1898. Zur Kenntniss der europaischen Polistes-Arten. Ann. K. Naturhist. Hofmus., Wien 13: 87-90. Krombein, K. V. 1979. Vespoidea. In K. V. Krombein, P D. Hurd, D. R. Smith, and B. D. Burks (eds), Catalog of Hymenoptera in NO. 3188 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 36 America North of Mexico. Washington, D.C.: Smithson. Inst. Press. Liu, C. L. 1937. A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the Vespidae of China, with a cross-reference index for the genera and species. Peking Nat. Hist. Bull. 11(3): 205-232. Nelson, G., and N. I. Platnick 1981. Systematics and biogeography: cladistics and vicariance. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. Nixon, K. C., and Q. D. Wheeler 1990. An amplification of the phylogenetic species concept. Cladistics 6: 211-223. Petersen, B. 1987. Subspecies of the Indo-Australian Polistes stigma (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Entomol. Scand. 18: 227259. 1990. Polistine wasps of the subgenera Stenopolistes and Megapolistes from the Philippine, Moluccan and Bismarck Islands (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Ibid., 21: 53-66. Richards, 0. W. 1973. The subgenera of Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 17: 85-104. 1978a. The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. London: Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). 1978b. The Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser. 61: 1-132. Schulthess, A. von 1921. Zur Kenntnis athiopischer Vespiden (Hym). Entomol. Mitt. 10(4-5): 121126, 143-149. Snelling, R. R. 1983. Taxonomic and nomenclatural studies on American polistine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Pan-Pacif. Entomol. 59: 267-280. Starr, C. K. 1992. The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Taiwan. Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. 3: 93-138. Yoshikawa, K. 1962. Introductory studies on the life economy of polistine wasps. VI. Geographical distribution and its ecological significance. J. Biol., Osaka City Univ. 13: 19-44. INDEX OF POLISTES actaeon, 22 acteon, 22 adelphus, 22 adstus, 9 adustus, 9 aficana, 18 africanus, 18 alagari, 15 albellus, 20 albicinctus, 18 albidus, 18 albocalcaratus, 9 albocinctus, 18 alpium, 19 amazonicus, 29 americanus, 26 anaheimensis, 23 analis, 33 andrei, 13 anduzei, 29 angulinus, 22 annularis, 22 annulata, 23 annuralis, 23 antennalis, 19 apachus, 23 apicalis, 23 aquilinus, 9 arabicus, 21 arduinoi, 19 arizonensis, 23 arthuri, 4 arvidi, 10 assamensis, 9 associus, 18 asterope, 10 atavina, 34 ater, 6 aterrimus, 23 atratus, 17 atrimandibularis, 18 atrox, 23 attavinus, 34 aurifer, 23 austrinus, 17 bader, 4 badius, 19 bahamensis, 23 baidoensis, 21 bakeri, 30 balder, 4 bambusae, 10 barbadensis, 27 batjanensis, 8 bellicosus, 24 bequaertellus, 24 bequaerti, 10 bequaertianus, 24 bernardii, 15 bicolor, 24 biglumis, 19 biglumoides, 24 biguttatus, 24 bilineolatus, 23 billardieri, 24 bimacula, 19 bimaculata, 19 binotatus, 24 bipustulatus, 24 bipustulstus, 24 bischoffi, 19 bituberculatus, 10 boharti, 24 boliviensis, 25 bonaccensis, 30 borientalis, 25 1996 brandti, 7 brevifissus, 24 bucharensis, 20 buruensis, 10 buyssoni, 24 californicus, 27 callimorphus, 10 canadensis, 25 canadensiss, 25 canadiensis, 25 candidoi, 25 capnodes, 10 carletoni, 6 carnifex, 25 carolina, 26 caspicus, 19 castaneicolor, 30 cavapyta, 26 cavapytiformis, 26 centralis, 23 centrocontinentalis, 11 chinensis, 19 chlorostoma, 25 cincta, 23, 27 cinerascens, 26 clarionensis, 27 clarior, 12 claripennis, 26 clavicornis, 10 coahuilae, 28 colombianus, 30 colonicus, 12 comanchus, 26 comis, 16 commanchus, 26 concinnus, 34 confusus, 5 connectens, 23 consobrinus, 26 contrarius, 10 crinitus, 27 cubensis, 27 curassavicus, 31 davillae, 27 dawnae, 10 deceptor, 27 defectivus, 10 delhiensis, 11 demeraraensis, 24 deuteroleucus, 24 diabolicus, 4 diadema, 21 diakonovi, 11 dominicensis, 27 dominicus, 27 dominulus, 19 dominuta, 20 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES dorsalis, 27 dubia, 19 dubius, 15 duckei, 24 duplicinctus, 15 durangoensis, 28 ebsohinus, 11 eburneus, 28 ecuadorius, 29 efoveatus, 30 elegans, 11 ellenbergi, 11 engeli, 6 ephippium, 11 erromangensis, 5 erythrinus, 4 erythrocephalus, 28 erythrocerus, 11 erythrogaster, 33 exclamans, 28 exilis, 28 extraneus, 11 facilis, 5 fastidiosus, 11 ferreri, 28 flavescens, 30 flavipennis, 5 flavobilineatus, 11 flavoguttatus, 33 flavopictus, 32 flavopicus, 32 flavus, 28 foederata, 20 fomosanus, 12 fordi, 5 formosanus, 12 fortunatus, 28 franciscanus, 28 funebris, 14 fuscatus, 28 fuscus, 34 galatheae, 15 gallicus, 20 gaminatus, 28 ganonganus, 7 geminatus, 28 generosus, 32 geoffiroyi, 19 geoffroyi, 19 gigas, 5 goeldii, 29 goestai, 16 grahami, 6 gressitti, 6 guyanensis, 29 gyrostoma, 5 hainanensis, 6 haitensis, 32 haitiensis, 32 halmaheirensis, 15 haugi, 11 hebraea, 5 hebreus, 6 hebridensis, 5 helvenacus, 6 hengchun, 12 hengchunensis, 12 hertwigi, 31 hoplites, 8 hoplitus, 8 huacapistana, 29 huisunensis, 11 humboldti, 10 humilis, 11 hunteri, 27 incertus, 14, 29 incomptus, 10 indicus, 20 indonesicus, 14 industrius, 34 infuscatus, 29 ingrami, 6 inornatus, 17, 18 insepultus, 19 instabilis, 29 instbailis, 29 insulae, 15 insulicola, 27 intermedius, 12 interruptus, 19 irakensis, 21 iranus, 20 italica, 19 iwatai, 7 jadwigae, 5 jani, 16 japoniaus, 12 japonicus, 5, 12 javanicus, 8 jocahamae, 12 jokahamae, 12 jokohamae, 12 kaibabensis, 29 kaieteurensis, 33 kaszabi, 20 khasianus, 12, 13 kirbyanus, 34 klepcha, 13 kohli, 19 koreanus, 7 koshunensis, 12 krombeini, 7 337 38 laevigatissimus, 12 lahejensis, 22 lanio, 29 lateritius, 12 latinis, 12 laurentianus, 28 lefebvrei, 20 lefebvrii, 20 legnotus, 5 leopoldi, 8 lepcha, 13 liliaceusculus, 32 liliaciosus, 32 limai, 22 lindensis, 21 lineonotus, 30 louisianus, 23 loveridgei, 21 luctuosus, 34 lycus, 13 macaensis, 5 macrocephalus, 21 maculatus, 20 maculipennis, 16 madecassus, 13 madiburensis, 13 madoci, 26 madocii, 26 madsi, 16 maior, 30 major, 30 malaitensis, 6 malayanus, 8 malekulensis, 5 mandariniensis, 13 mandarinius, 13 mandarinus, 13 maniburesis, 13 manillensis, 16 manni, 8 manusensis, 9 maranonensis, 30 marginalis, 21 mariae, 29 maritimus, 27 marribous, 25 meadeanus, 13 media, 27 medius, 12 megei, 13 melanarius, 33 melanopterus, 13 melanosoma, 30 melanotus, 31 merceti, 20 mertoni, 13 meruensis, 21 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES metensis, 29 metricus, 31 mexicanus, 31 mimus, 17 minor, 8, 31 minus, 17 minutissimus, 22 modestus, 32 molotnii, 21 moltonii, 21 mongolicus, 20 monogolicus, 20 montanus, 23 moraballi, 31 morotaiensis, 15 muchei, 20 multicolor, 27 multipictus, 16 myersi, 31 myops, 34 mysteriosus, 21 narupi, 10 navajoe, 26 neavei, 15 nebulosus, 16 neotropicus, 27 nestor, 28 niger, 31 nigrifrons, 13 nigrihumerus, 13 nigrinotum, 19 nigripennis, 26 nigritarsis, 14 nigrosercans, 8 nigrosericans, 8 nimphus, 21 ninabamba, 31 nipponensis, 13 notatipes, 31 novae pomerania, 4 novae-pomeraniae, 4 novae-pomeranieae, 4 novajae, 26 novajoe, 26 novarae, 16 novopomeraniae, 4 nympha, 21 obdurus, 13 obiensis, 15 obscura, 15 obscuricornis, 20 obscurus, 31 occipitalis, 31 occultus, 14, 33 ochreata, 25 oculatus, 31 okinawaensis, 5 NO. 3188 okinawensis, 5 olivaceous, 6 olivaceus, 5 omissa, 20 onerata, 25 opalinus, 34 opinabilis, 21 orbitalis, 26 ordubadensis, 20 orientalis, 5 ornata, 20 ornatus, 21 pacifica, 20 pacificus, 32 pallidipes, 28 pallipes, 28 palmarum, 32 pamirensis, 19 panamensis, 25 papuanus, 16 paraguayensis, 32 pectoralis, 20 penai, 32 penthicus, 6 perflavus, 6 perkinsi, 5 perkinsii, 5 perplexus, 32 peruvianus, 32 philippinensis, 14 phillipinensis, 14 picteti, 9 pictior, 20 picturatus, 23 plebejus, 18 poeyi, 32 pouli, 16 praenotatus, 14 primativa, 34 pseudoculatus, 32 pseudopacificus, 20 pseudoschach, 12 puncticollis, 13 quadrifasciatus, 10 quatei, 7 reginae, 12 religiosus, 8 rhodostoma, 27 richardsi, 15 ridleyi, 32 riekii, 14 riparius, 21 robinsoni, 7 rossi, 32 rothneyi, 7 rubidus, 34 1996 rubigenosus, 26 rubiginosa, 26 rufescens, 20 ruficornis, 24 rufidens, 33 rufipennis, 25 rufiventris, 33 rufodorsalis, 14 rufolineatus, 7 rugifrons, 8 ruginosus, 26 rupestris, 19 sagittarius, 14 santoshae, 14 satan, 33 satanulus, 30 sauiensis, 16 saussurei, 14 schach, 7 semenovi, 21 semenowi, 21 semenowii, 21 semiflavus, 7 sgarambus, 14 shekouensis, 12 shelfordi, 13 shiraki, 14 shirakii, 14 sibuyanensis, 8 signatus, 34 sikkimensis, 7 sikorae, 15 similator, 22 similis, 15 simillimus, 33 simulans, 31 simulatus, 15 slevini, 32 smithii, 15 snelleni, 15 soikai, 19, 29 sordidus, 9 sosia, 24 speciosus, 9 CARPENTER: CHECKLIST OF POLISTES spilophorus, 18 spiloptera, 18 spinolae, 34 spliophorus, 18 stabilinus, 33 stenopus, 8 stigma, 16 stigosus, 17 stotherti, 13 strigosus, 17 subsericeus, 33 sulcatus, 8 sulcifer, 22 sulcifera, 22 svendi, 16 synoecoides, 26 synoecus, 12 tahitensis, 5 takasagonus, 17 tamulus, 16 tasmaniensis, 11 tenebricosus, 8 tenellus, 22 tepidus, 9 testaceicolor, 33 texanus, 23 theodori, 9 thoracica, 16, 24 thoracicus, 33 tibetanus, 7 tibialis, 28 torresae, 33 townsvillensis, 17 transversesignata, 25 transversignatus, 25 transverso-strigata, 25 transversosignatus, 25 tricolor, 11, 27 trinitatis, 29, 32 tristis, 17 tualensis, 17 tullgreni, 17 undata, 5 unicolor, 24, 25 urceolata, 25 urceolicus, 25 utahensis, 23 utakwae, 17 vagabundus, 29 valida, 25 variabilis, 17 variatus, 28 varicornis, 8 variegata, 25 varistus, 28 vechti, 4, 7 veracrucis, 33 vergnei, 34 versicolor, 33 vilensis, 5 virendrai, 14 virginiensis, 23 vtriatus, 23 vulgaris, 34 waldoi, 10 watti, 9 wattii, 9 watutus, 17 weberi, 30 weyrauchi, 30 weyrauchorum, 34 wheeleri, 31 willei, 34 williamsi, 17 xanthogaster, 34 xantholeucus, 17 xanthorhoicus, 12 xanthorrhoicus, 12 yaeyamae, 7 yamanakai, 13 yayeyamae, 7 yayeyamensis, 7 yokahamae, 12 yokohamae, 12 39 Recent issues of the Novitates may be purchased from the Museum. Lists of back issues of the Novitates and Bulletin published during the last five years are available at World Wide Web site http://nimidi.amnh.org. Or address mail orders to: American Museum of Natural History Library, Department D, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, N.Y. 10024. TEL: (212) 769-5545. FAX: (212) 769-5009. E-MAIL: scipubs@amnh.org 0 This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).

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