WO2012001784A1 - ポリ乳酸の分解方法 - Google Patents
ポリ乳酸の分解方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012001784A1 WO2012001784A1 PCT/JP2010/061182 JP2010061182W WO2012001784A1 WO 2012001784 A1 WO2012001784 A1 WO 2012001784A1 JP 2010061182 W JP2010061182 W JP 2010061182W WO 2012001784 A1 WO2012001784 A1 WO 2012001784A1
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- polylactic acid
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- acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/353—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/18—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
- C08J11/28—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/09—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/105—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with enzymes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for decomposing polylactic acid, which can decompose polylactic acid efficiently and can be easily subjected to decomposition by biological treatment such as methane fermentation. Furthermore, this invention relates to the processing method of the organic substance containing polylactic acid using the said decomposition
- Polylactic acid is biodegradable, and various uses are being developed as the next generation plastic.
- a product made from polylactic acid can be decomposed by microorganisms existing in the natural environment or in compost, so that even if it is mixed with readily decomposable organic matter, it can be used for biological treatment as it is. There is an advantage.
- lactic acid can be recovered after treating polylactic acid, it will be possible to recycle resources by providing raw materials for producing polylactic acid, which will contribute to global environmental conservation and energy saving. Therefore, establishment of a technique for recovering lactic acid from polylactic acid is also strongly desired in the industry.
- the present invention provides a method for decomposing polylactic acid, which can easily decompose organic matter containing polylactic acid by biological treatment such as methane fermentation by efficiently decomposing polylactic acid. With the goal. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating an organic substance containing polylactic acid and a system for treating an organic substance containing polylactic acid using the polylactic acid decomposition method.
- an organic substance containing polylactic acid is an organic acid salt and / or an inorganic acid salt of an amine compound represented by the following general formula (I). It has been found that polylactic acid can be efficiently decomposed by heating to a temperature exceeding 40 ° C. The present invention has been completed by further studies based on such knowledge.
- this invention provides the decomposition
- Item 1 A method for decomposing polylactic acid, comprising a step of impregnating a treatment liquid containing an organic acid salt and / or an inorganic acid salt of an amine compound represented by the following general formula (I) with an organic substance containing polylactic acid.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Item 2. The method for decomposing polylactic acid according to Item 1, wherein the organic acid salt and / or inorganic acid salt of the amine compound represented by the general formula (I) is a salt having a buffering ability.
- Item 3. The organic acid salt and / or inorganic acid salt of the amine compound represented by the general formula (I) is ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, ammonium borate and triammonium citrate.
- the decomposition method according to Item 1 which is at least one selected from the group consisting of: Item 4.
- Item 2. The decomposition method according to Item 1, wherein the treatment is performed under a condition where the concentration of molecular ammonia is 500 mg / L or more.
- Item 5. Item 2. The decomposition method according to Item 1, wherein the treatment is performed at a temperature exceeding 40 ° C.
- Item 6. Item 4. The decomposition method according to Item 1, wherein the pH during treatment is 8 to 9.
- the decomposition method according to Item 1, wherein the organic substance containing polylactic acid is a mixture of polylactic acid and garbage.
- a method for treating an organic substance containing polylactic acid comprising the following steps (a) and (b): (a) impregnating a treatment liquid containing an organic acid salt and / or inorganic acid salt of an amine compound represented by the following general formula (I) with an organic substance containing polylactic acid to decompose polylactic acid; and
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- (b) A step of methane fermentation of the decomposition product obtained in step (a).
- Item 9. Item 9. The method for treating an organic substance containing polylactic acid according to Item 8, comprising a step of heating the organic substance containing polylactic acid to a temperature exceeding 40 ° C. in the presence of molecular ammonia.
- Item 10. The method for treating an organic substance containing polylactic acid according to Item 9, wherein the concentration of molecular ammonia is 500 mg / L or more.
- Item 12 A system for methane fermentation treatment of polylactic acid obtained by decomposing organic matter containing polylactic acid, A polylactic acid decomposition tank for decomposing polylactic acid by heating an organic substance containing polylactic acid and an organic acid salt and / or inorganic acid salt of an amine compound represented by the following general formula (I) to a temperature exceeding 40 ° C. ,
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a methane fermentation treatment tank for methane fermentation of the decomposed polylactic acid The processing system, wherein the decomposition tank includes ammonia stripping means and means capable of returning the stripped ammonia to the decomposition tank to a predetermined concentration.
- Item 13 Use of an organic acid salt and / or an inorganic acid salt of an amine compound represented by the following general formula (I) for decomposing polylactic acid.
- an organic substance containing polylactic acid and an organic acid salt and / or inorganic acid salt of an amine compound represented by the general formula (I) are heated to a temperature exceeding 40 ° C.
- the decomposition efficiency can be remarkably improved. Therefore, according to the decomposition method of the present invention, polylactic acid can be efficiently regenerated into raw lactic acid, separated from solids other than polylactic acid, and then re-synthesized into polylactic acid.
- polylactic acid can be converted into a substrate suitable for biological treatment (especially methane fermentation treatment), which can reduce the total cost required for degradation of polylactic acid by biological treatment and the final residue after biological treatment. It becomes possible.
- the organic matter containing polylactic acid can be finally converted into methane gas, so that the amount of energy recovered as biogas is dramatically increased. Can be increased.
- the treatment system for organic matter containing polylactic acid using the above decomposition method should perform ammonia stripping in the decomposition tank or a separate tank after the decomposition of polylactic acid. Is desirable. Under conditions of pH 7 or higher, ammonia can be easily recovered by the ammonia stripping method. Under these conditions, lactic acid does not volatilize at all, so ammonia and lactic acid aqueous solution can be easily separated and reused. Can do.
- the recovered lactic acid can be used as a raw material for polylactic acid synthesis as it is. Furthermore, when it is desired to convert the obtained decomposition product into fuel, or when the obtained lactic acid does not satisfy the purity of polylactic acid synthesis, it can be recovered as methane by methane fermentation and used as energy.
- polylactic acid contained in an organic substance to be treated is a polymer having lactic acid as a main structural unit of the polymer.
- the type of polylactic acid is not particularly limited.
- lactic acid homopolymers such as poly L-lactic acid and poly D-lactic acid; at least one of L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, alanine, and glycolic acid
- lactic acid copolymers with at least one of glycolide, glycine, ⁇ -caprolactone, glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, saccharides and polyhydric alcohols; poly D, L-lactic acid and the like.
- the organic substance to be treated may contain one kind of the above polylactic acid alone, or may contain two or more kinds of the above polylactic acid in combination.
- the polylactic acid contained in the organic matter to be treated may be a resin composition containing components other than polylactic acid.
- the blending ratio of polylactic acid in the resin composition is not particularly limited.
- polylactic acid is 5 per total amount of the resin composition. -99% by weight, preferably 20-99% by weight, more preferably 50-99% by weight.
- an additive for efficiently mixing polylactic acid and other resin composition, or an additive for improving the physical properties of a mixture of polylactic acid itself and other resin composition may be included.
- the ratio is not particularly limited, for example, it is desirable that the additive is about 10% or less per the total amount of the resin composition.
- polylactic acid to be treated in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- polylactic acid having various shapes such as powders, films, nonwoven fabrics, sheets, plates, foams, and injection-molded bodies is targeted. Can do.
- the organic substance to be treated may be composed only of polylactic acid, or may be a mixture of polylactic acid and other organic substances.
- specific examples of organic substances to be treated include, for example, straw, raw garbage, dried garbage, food factory waste, sewage sludge, livestock waste (livestock excreta, straw, sawdust, etc. And a mixture of an organic substance such as a mixture) and polylactic acid.
- organic matter containing garbage and polylactic acid is suitable as a target for decomposition treatment in the present invention. According to the present invention, there is an advantage that the garbage can be collected and accommodated in a garbage bag manufactured from polylactic acid, and can be directly used in the decomposition method without separating the garbage and the garbage bag.
- the organic substances are decomposed simultaneously with the decomposition of polylactic acid, so that the total cost required for these processes is reduced. You can also.
- (1-2) Organic acid salt and / or inorganic acid salt of amine compound represented by general formula (I)
- the method for decomposing polylactic acid of the present invention is the method of decomposing amine compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- a treatment liquid containing an organic acid salt and / or an inorganic acid salt is impregnated with an organic substance containing polylactic acid and then treated.
- the amine compound represented by the general formula (I) in this specification may be simply abbreviated as “amine compound”.
- the organic acid salt and / or inorganic acid salt of the amine compound may be simply abbreviated as “salt of amine compound”.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, A neopentyl group is exemplified.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are preferably the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or More preferably, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group; more preferably, R 1 and R 2 are a hydrogen atom.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group; particularly preferably, R 1 and R 2 are a hydrogen atom, and R 3 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group; Preferably, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
- the amine compound of the general formula (I) becomes a cation represented by the following general formula (II) to form an organic acid or an inorganic acid. And form a salt.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined in formula (I) above.
- Examples of the salt of the amine compound include salts with inorganic acids such as carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, boric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and oxalic acid; salts with organic acids such as formic acid, lactic acid and citric acid. These hydrogen salts and metal salts can also be used.
- inorganic acid salts such as iron (II), ammonium iron (III) sulfate, and ammonium peroxodisulfate
- organic acid salts such as ammonium formate, diammonium hydrogen citrate, triammonium citrate, and ammonium lactate.
- the salt of the amine compound used in the present invention desirably has a pH buffering capacity (in the present specification, it may be simply described as “having a buffering capacity”), and the amine compound has a buffering capacity.
- a pH buffering capacity in the present specification, it may be simply described as “having a buffering capacity”
- the amine compound has a buffering capacity.
- salts with carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, and boric acid are preferable, and specifically, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, triammonium phosphate, and ammonium borate.
- a treatment liquid containing an organic acid salt and / or an inorganic acid salt of an amine compound a treatment liquid in the form of an aqueous ammonia solution can be used in which the salt of the amine compound is dissolved in water or the like and the salt is eliminated.
- the salt of the amine compound does not have a buffer capacity or when aqueous ammonia is used, the pH of the solution is adjusted to a suitable pH environment when the method of the present invention described later is performed. It is desirable.
- the concentration during treatment of the salt of the amine compound is not particularly limited as long as polylactic acid can be decomposed, but it is 0.1% by weight or more based on the total amount of organic matter containing polylactic acid subjected to the treatment, Usually, it is 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, more preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
- the salt of the amine compound used in the present invention exists as ammonia molecules in the treatment liquid, and this is considered to contribute to the decomposition of polylactic acid. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to adjust the temperature, pH, and concentration of the amine compound so that a sufficient amount of molecular ammonia is present in the treatment liquid for the decomposition of polylactic acid by using a salt of the amine compound. .
- the concentration of molecular ammonia in the treatment liquid can be determined based on the concentration of the salt of the amine compound, and is not particularly limited. For example, it is 500 mg / L or more, preferably 1000 to 100,000 mg / L, more preferably 1000 ⁇ 10000mg / L.
- the concentration of molecular ammonia is affected by the pH environment and temperature conditions as shown by the following formulas A and B.
- Ka represents the dissociation equilibrium constant of ammonium ions
- T represents temperature (° C.).
- the pH environment and temperature conditions are appropriately adjusted within the following pH value and temperature range, and the molecular ammonia concentration is Can be set within range.
- the pH environment in the decomposition method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the decomposition of polylactic acid is not hindered, but is about pH 7 to 11, preferably about pH 7.5 to 9.5, more preferably about pH 8 to 9. Illustrated.
- alkali conventionally used for pH adjustment such as sodium hydroxide can be used.
- methane fermentation sludge contains an amine compound salt, contains molecular ammonia usually at a concentration of 100 to 3000 mg / L, and is known to have a buffer capacity. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, methane fermentation sludge can be used as a treatment liquid containing a salt of an amine compound.
- methane fermentation sludge is a sludge component obtained by subjecting organic matter to methane fermentation.
- methane fermentation is fermentation performed in an anaerobic atmosphere in the presence of organic matter and methane-fermenting bacteria, and production of methane is recognized as the final metabolite.
- methane fermentation sludge In the preparation of methane fermentation sludge, there are no particular restrictions on the type of methane fermentation bacteria used, the type of organic matter used as a substrate, and the like.
- sludge produced by the methane fermentation should be used for polylactic acid decomposition from the viewpoint of system efficiency. Is desirable.
- the methane fermentation sludge used in the present invention may be a fermentation product itself obtained by subjecting an organic material to a methane fermentation treatment, a solid content separated from the fermentation product, or a liquid content. May be.
- the fermented product may have a relatively large solid content removed by a screw press filter or the like.
- it is a fermented product obtained by subjecting an organic material to a methane fermentation treatment.
- the proportion of methane fermentation sludge added to the organic matter containing polylactic acid is as follows: the type of methane fermentation sludge used, the type of polylactic acid, and other conditions Depending on the above, it may be set as appropriate based on the amount of the molecular ammonia added. Specifically, methane fermentation sludge (in terms of solid content) is reduced to 0.1 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of polylactic acid (in the case of a resin composition containing components other than polylactic acid, in terms of the weight of polylactic acid contained therein). The ratio is from 01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1 part by weight.
- polylactic acid can be decomposed into lactic acid, so that a form of use of the organic acid salt and / or inorganic acid salt of the amine compound for decomposing polylactic acid is provided. .
- (1-3) Reaction conditions in the decomposition method of the present invention, since ammonia is not consumed, polylactic acid can be continuously charged and the amount of polylactic acid in the reaction vessel is not limited.
- the organic compound containing 0.1 to 1000 kg, preferably 10 to 100 kg, of polylactic acid is impregnated per 1 m 3 of the treatment solution containing a salt of, and incubated.
- the impregnation may be performed by bringing an organic substance containing polylactic acid into contact with the treatment liquid, and includes immersing the organic substance in the treatment liquid, stirring, or the like. Moreover, you may make it contact by spraying a process liquid etc. on the surface of the organic substance containing polylactic acid.
- the treatment refers to the coexistence of an organic substance containing polylactic acid and a treatment liquid, and includes heating as necessary.
- the decomposition treatment time in the present invention varies depending on the type and amount of methane fermentation sludge to be used and the type and amount of polylactic acid to be treated and cannot be uniformly defined, but is usually 1 to 192 hours, preferably 10 to 96. Time, more preferably 24 to 48 hours.
- the temperature condition is not particularly limited as long as the concentration of molecular ammonia can be adjusted within the concentration range, and can be appropriately set in consideration of the formulas (A) and (B).
- 40 ° C. or more preferably about 40 to 100 ° C., preferably over 40 ° C. to about 100 ° C., preferably 50 to 100 ° C., more preferably about 65.5 to 100 ° C., and still more preferably 68 to 90 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably about 75 to 85 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably 65.5 ° C or higher.
- polylactic acid can be efficiently decomposed, but when the ammonia concentration of the reaction solution is not sufficiently high, such as when using methane fermentation sludge, the temperature during decomposition is below 70 ° C. The molecular ammonia concentration becomes low and polylactic acid cannot be sufficiently decomposed.
- heavy oil, city gas, electric power or the like can be used to maintain a predetermined temperature of 65.5 ° C. or higher.
- methane gas generated by methane fermentation is used for maintaining the temperature in the sludge treatment rather than heavy oil or the like.
- cogeneration means gas engine, fuel cell, etc.
- the decomposition method of the present invention is carried out by allowing the polylactic acid and the salt of the amine compound (or molecular ammonia or methane fermentation sludge) to coexist and standing or stirring under the temperature conditions.
- the decomposition method of the present invention is carried out in a sealed atmosphere so that ammonia is not released out of the system because molecular ammonia is easily volatilized by heating and it is difficult to maintain the molecular ammonia at a predetermined concentration. desirable.
- the treatment is performed in an anaerobic atmosphere.
- the method for producing the anaerobic atmosphere is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of replacing the inside of the tank in which the decomposition treatment is performed with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas.
- the decomposition treatment in the present invention may be carried out in a batch format, or by continuously or intermittently supplying polylactic acid and methane fermentation sludge and extracting polylactic acid decomposition products decomposed by methane fermentation sludge. You may implement.
- the supply and extraction are performed continuously or intermittently, the supply rate and the extraction rate may be appropriately set so that the average residence time becomes the processing time.
- the decomposition method of the present invention can be performed in a tank (hereinafter referred to as a sludge treatment tank) in which the above treatment conditions can be adjusted and maintained.
- a sludge treatment tank a tank in which the above treatment conditions can be adjusted and maintained.
- Specific examples of the method of supplying polylactic acid and methane fermentation sludge to the sludge treatment tank include the following modes: (i) supplying polylactic acid to the sludge treatment tank and separately treating the methane fermentation sludge with sludge A method of supplying polylactic acid and methane fermentation sludge in a sludge treatment tank, and (ii) supplying polylactic acid to a mixing tank equipped with a mixing means, and also supplying methane fermentation sludge to the mixing tank And mixing both in advance in the mixing tank, and supplying the resulting polylactic acid / methane fermented sludge mixture to the sludge treatment tank.
- polylactic acid can be efficiently decomposed.
- an amide compound of lactic acid was produced.
- the decomposed product contained an amide compound or Almost 100% lactic acid is obtained without oligomers. Therefore, the polylactic acid degradation product (lactic acid) thus obtained can be suitably reused as a raw material for polylactic acid.
- methane fermentation sludge it is desirable to use it as a substrate for methane fermentation because the resulting polylactic acid degradation product contains impurities.
- the polylactic acid decomposed by the decomposition method of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “decomposed product”) has a low molecular weight polylactic acid, which allows microorganisms such as methane-fermenting bacteria to serve as substrates. It is easy to use. Therefore, the decomposition product obtained by the decomposition method of the present invention can be further subjected to biological treatment such as methane fermentation treatment and activated sludge treatment, thereby improving the degradation rate of polylactic acid in biological treatment. .
- the decomposition product obtained by the above decomposition method may be subjected to methane fermentation as it is, or after the decomposition product is subjected to solid-liquid separation, the liquid may be subjected to methane fermentation described later.
- the solid-liquid separation method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- solid-liquid separation can be performed by precipitation separation. Other methods include membrane separation, centrifugation and the like.
- solid-liquid separation may be performed about all the decomposition products obtained by said decomposition method, may be performed about one part, and the remainder may be directly used for the below-mentioned methane fermentation. In this case, it is not necessary to stop the entire system during the maintenance of the solid-liquid separation means.
- a part or all of the obtained solid content-containing fraction may be treated again according to the above-described decomposition method.
- the part may be discarded.
- the methane fermentation is performed in an anaerobic atmosphere with the decomposition product obtained by the above decomposition method as it is or after separating the solid content.
- the decomposition product obtained by the decomposition method of the present invention is decomposed into methane and carbon dioxide.
- the methane fermentation in the methane fermentation treatment can be performed using a conventionally known methane fermentation bacterium and methane fermentation tank.
- the temperature conditions at the time of methane fermentation in the methane fermentation treatment can be appropriately set from a wide temperature range depending on the type of methane fermentation bacteria used, and are not particularly limited, but are generally about 20 to 60 ° C., For example, a so-called medium temperature of about 35 ° C. or a so-called high temperature of about 55 ° C. may be used.
- a medium temperature of about 35 ° C. in which methane fermentation is less susceptible to ammonia inhibition, is preferable.
- a high temperature of about 55 ° C. is preferable because the methane fermentation rate is increased.
- the decomposition product obtained by the above decomposition method maintains a high temperature of 80 ° C. or higher, the decomposition product is cooled to such an extent that it does not significantly adversely affect methane fermentation (for example, 60 ° C. or less). Later, it is desirable to carry out a methane fermentation process.
- the methane fermentation treatment time in the methane fermentation treatment varies depending on the type and amount of the decomposed product, the type of methane fermentation bacteria used, the fermentation temperature, the fermentation form, etc., and cannot be uniformly defined, but usually 14 to 30 days , Preferably 10 to 20 days, more preferably 10 to 14 days.
- Sludge generated in methane fermentation was discarded in the conventional method of directly methane fermentation of polylactic acid or organic waste, but in the present invention, it is periodically returned to the sludge treatment in the above decomposition method. Thus, it can be used again for decomposition and decomposition treatment to improve the final polylactic acid decomposition rate.
- the form of methane fermentation is not particularly limited. Any known type used in methane fermentation such as a batch type, a fixed bed type, a UASB (UpflowaeAnaerobic Sludge Bed, an upflow anaerobic sludge bed) type may be used. Moreover, you may implement by supplying the decomposition product obtained by said decomposition method, and extracting the methane fermentation processed material in a methane fermentation tank continuously or intermittently. When supply of the decomposition product and extraction of the methane fermentation treatment product are performed continuously or intermittently, the supply rate of the decomposition product and the extraction rate of the methane fermentation treatment product are the average residence time of the decomposition product in the methane fermentation tank. May be set as appropriate so as to be the fermentation treatment time.
- the methane fermentation treatment product obtained by the methane fermentation treatment may be subjected to water treatment such as activated sludge treatment as it is or after the solid-liquid separation.
- water treatment such as activated sludge treatment
- the method of solid-liquid separation is not particularly limited, and known methods such as precipitation separation, membrane separation, and centrifugation can be employed.
- the solid-liquid separation may be performed for all methane fermentation processed products, or a part thereof.
- the solid content-containing fraction (sludge) obtained by solid-liquid separation of the methane fermentation treatment product can be partially or entirely returned to the methane fermentation tank and used for the methane fermentation treatment.
- the solid content is further thoroughly decomposed, so that the amount of waste solid content can be further reduced and the amount of methane gas generated can be increased.
- methane bacteria are returned to the system. The merit of improving the stability of is also obtained.
- the return ratio is increased, the solid content concentration in the methane fermenter will increase, which may be disadvantageous in terms of stirring and pumping in the methane fermenter. It is good to decide the return amount.
- the solid contents are accumulated in the methane fermentation tank as the methane fermentation progresses. Therefore, the solid contents are usually extracted appropriately as sludge.
- the extracted sludge is treated by various methods. For example, as it is, it is returned to farmland as liquid manure, composted after dehydration, returned to farmland, dehydrated and discarded, incinerated after dehydration, discarded after dehydration and drying, incinerated after dehydration and drying, etc. . At this time, it is important that no polylactic acid remains in the sense of eliminating the user's resistance.
- low-temperature waste heat can be effectively used for drying, and when methane gas is used in a gas engine, a micro gas turbine, a boiler, or the like, the waste heat can be used for drying.
- the dehydrated filtrate can be discharged as it is, depending on the water quality and drainage standards. If not, it may be subjected to water treatment again. Since the methane fermentation treatment is performed in an anaerobic atmosphere, if the water treatment is a treatment performed in an aerobic atmosphere such as activated sludge treatment, even if it is polylactic acid or its decomposition product that was not decomposed by methane fermentation, It may be decomposed by water treatment such as activated sludge treatment. This is preferable because the amount of sludge to be discarded is reduced.
- Polylactic acid decomposition treatment system also provides a polylactic acid decomposition treatment system utilizing the above-described polylactic acid decomposition method. That is, the present invention includes an organic substance containing polylactic acid, a polylactic acid decomposition tank that decomposes polylactic acid by heating a salt of an amine compound to 40 ° C. or higher, A methane fermentation treatment tank for methane fermentation of the decomposed polylactic acid, Provided is a treatment system in which the decomposition tank has ammonia stripping means and means capable of returning the stripped ammonia to the decomposition tank to a predetermined concentration.
- the polylactic acid decomposition treatment system of the present invention includes a polylactic acid decomposition tank and a methane fermentation treatment tank.
- the polylactic acid decomposition tank is a heating means capable of heating a salt of an organic compound containing polylactic acid and an amine compound (or molecular ammonia) to a temperature exceeding 40 ° C., an ammonia stripping means, and stripped. It is characterized by having means capable of returning the ammonia to the decomposition tank.
- the decomposition system of the present invention includes a methane fermentation treatment tank capable of supplying polylactic acid decomposed in the decomposition tank to methane fermentation.
- ammonia stripping means and the ammonia supply means are used for supply / removal of ammonia in order to adjust the concentration of ammonia in the decomposition treatment tank to the predetermined concentration.
- Ammonia removed by the ammonia stripping means can be recovered and supplied when the molecular ammonia concentration is not sufficient during the next decomposition process.
- the methane fermentation treatment tank is not particularly limited as long as it can continuously or intermittently supply the polylactic acid degradation product and extract the methane fermentation treatment product in the methane fermentation tank.
- conventionally known means can be employed.
- the ammonium carbonate concentration is 25% by weight
- the temperature is 95 ° C.
- the pH is 8.8
- the molecular ammonia concentration is 50423 mg / L
- the lactic acid production rate is 854.7 ⁇ g / sec-L (see FIG. 1). .
- the production rate of lactic acid was calculated according to the following formula.
- the method for decomposing polylactic acid of the present invention has advantages that the lactic acid production rate is much faster than that of Comparative Example 1 below, ammonia is not consumed, and the recovered lactic acid is not amidated. Indicated.
- Table 2 shows the cumulative amount of ammonia added when the concentration of lactic acid in the reaction solution reached 0, 1, 5, and 10 g / l under each condition.
- the ratio of increase in the cumulative amount of ammonia added to the increase in lactic acid concentration was almost constant while the concentration of lactic acid in the reaction solution was changed from 0 g / l to 5 g / l under each condition. That is, when the lactic acid concentration is between 0 g / l and 5 g / l, a proportional relationship is recognized between the lactic acid concentration and the cumulative amount of added ammonia. This is presumably because ammonia was used to suppress the decrease in pH due to the produced lactic acid.
- the lactic acid production rates under the above conditions were 1.2 ⁇ g / sec-L (pH initial setting value 8.5), 15 ⁇ g / sec-L (pH initial setting value 9.5), 109 ⁇ g, respectively. / L-L (initial setting value of pH 10.5), which was much lower than in the case of Test Example 1.
- the lactic acid production rate was calculated according to the above formula.
- Example 3 is a graph showing a lactic acid production rate in Test Example 1. The presence or absence of amidation of lactic acid obtained in Test Example 1 is shown. 6 is a graph showing a lactic acid production rate in Test Example 2.
Abstract
Description
項1.下記一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩を含む処理液に、ポリ乳酸を含む有機物を含浸させて処理する工程を含む、ポリ乳酸の分解方法。
項2.前記一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩が、緩衝能を有する塩である項1に記載のポリ乳酸の分解方法。
項3.前記一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩が、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、リン酸水素二アンモニウム、リン酸三アンモニウム、ホウ酸アンモニウム及びクエン酸三アンモニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、項1に記載の分解方法。
項4.分子状アンモニアの濃度が500mg/L以上の条件で処理される、項1に記載の分解方法。
項5.前記処理が40℃を超える温度で行われる、項1に記載の分解方法。
項6.処理時のpHが8~9である、項1に記載の分解方法。
項7.ポリ乳酸を含む有機物が、ポリ乳酸と生ごみの混合物である、項1に記載の分解方法。
項8.下記工程(a)及び(b)を含む、ポリ乳酸を含む有機物の処理方法:
(a)下記一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩を含む処理液に、ポリ乳酸を含む有機物を含浸させて、ポリ乳酸を分解する工程、及び
(b)工程(a)で得られた分解物をメタン発酵する工程。
項9.ポリ乳酸を含む有機物を分子状アンモニアの共存下にて、40℃を超える温度に加熱する工程を含む、項8に記載のポリ乳酸を含む有機物の処理方法。
項10.分子状アンモニアの濃度が500mg/L以上である、項9に記載のポリ乳酸を含む有機物の処理方法。
項11.pHが8~9の条件で加熱される、項9に記載のポリ乳酸を含む有機物の処理方法。
項12.ポリ乳酸を含む有機物を分解して得られたポリ乳酸をメタン発酵処理するシステムであって、
ポリ乳酸を含む有機物と、下記一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩とを40℃を超える温度に加熱し、ポリ乳酸を分解するポリ乳酸分解槽と、
(1-1)ポリ乳酸
本発明の分解方法では、ポリ乳酸を含む有機物が処理対象となる。
本発明のポリ乳酸の分解方法は、上記下記一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩を含む処理液に、ポリ乳酸を含む有機物を含浸させて処理することを特徴とするものである。以下、本明細書において一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物を単に『アミン化合物』と略記することがある。また、当該アミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩を単に『アミン化合物の塩』と略記することがある。
一般式(I)において、R1、R2及びR3は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、又は炭素数1~5のアルキル基を示す。炭素数1~5のアルキル基としては、具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基が例示される。これらの中でも、ポリ乳酸から乳酸への分解効率を一層高めるという観点から、好ましくは、R1、R2及びR3は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、又はイソプロピル基であり;更に好ましくは、R1、R2及びR3は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、メチル基、又はエチル基であり;より好ましくは、R1及びR2が水素原子であり、且つR3が水素原子、メチル基、又はエチル基であり;特に好ましくは、R1及びR2が水素原子であり、且つR3が水素原子、メチル基、又はエチル基であり;更に特に好ましくは、R1、R2及びR3が水素原子である。
本発明の分解方法においては、アンモニアが消費されないため、ポリ乳酸を連続的に投入処理することができ反応槽内のポリ乳酸量は制限されないが、例えば、前記アミン化合物の塩を含有する処理液1m3あたり0.1~1000kg、好ましくは10~100kgのポリ乳酸を含む有機物を含浸させてインキュベートする。
以下、本発明の分解方法により得られた分解物が、乳酸オリゴマー等の夾雑物を含む場合、当該分解物をさらに生物学的に処理する方法として、メタン発酵処理する方法を具体例として挙げて、ポリ乳酸を含む有機物を処理する方法を説明する。
本発明は、上記ポリ乳酸の分解方法を利用したポリ乳酸の分解処理システムをも提供する。すなわち、本発明は、ポリ乳酸を含む有機物と、アミン化合物の塩を40℃以上に加熱し、ポリ乳酸を分解するポリ乳酸分解槽と、
前記分解されたポリ乳酸をメタン発酵するメタン発酵処理槽を備え、
前記分解槽が、アンモニアストリッピング手段、及びストリッピングされたアンモニアを所定の濃度になるように分解槽内に返送することができる手段を有している、処理システムを提供する。
ポリ乳酸(ポリL-乳酸:ネイチャーワークス社製)が過剰に入った水(ポリ乳酸濃度1g/20ml)に、炭酸アンモニウム(キシダ化学製)分子状アンモニア濃度は500~50000mg/Lとなるように添加した。
ポリ乳酸が過剰に入った水(ポリ乳酸濃度1g/20ml)に、炭酸アンモニウム(キシダ化学製)を500~50000mg/Lとなるように添加した。反応温度を40℃又は45℃とした場合の乳酸の生成速度を図3に示す。なお、乳酸の生成速度は、上記式に従って算出した。
ポリ乳酸が0.02g入った水2mlに、アンモニア性窒素濃度が10000mg/Lになるように下表にあげるアンモニウム塩を添加した。反応温度を70℃とした場合の乳酸の生成速度を併せて下表に示す。なお、乳酸の生成速度は、上記式に従って算出した。
[試験例4]
ポリ乳酸(ポリL-乳酸:ネイチャーワークス社製)70%、ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート(BASF社製)30%を主成分として含有するごみ袋(厚み40μm)1gをメタン発酵汚泥20ml(アンモニア性窒素濃度2,500mg/L、pH8、ポリ乳酸1重量部に対してメタン発酵汚泥(固形分換算)0.4重量部)に入れ、反応温度を80℃とした場合の乳酸の生成速度は、216.7μg/秒-Lとなった。なお、この際、乳酸の生成速度は、上記式に従って算出した。
<比較例:アルカリ加水分解>
ポリ乳酸10gを水10mlに添加し、25容量%アンモニア水溶液でpHを初期設定値として8.5、9.5、又は10.5に調整して70℃で分解処理を開始した。ポリ乳酸の分解と共に乳酸が生成され、反応液のpHが低下するため、pHが常に初期設定値に保たれるように25容量%アンモニア水溶液を適宜添加した。また、分解処理中は、経時的に生成した乳酸濃度を測定した。
Claims (13)
- 前記一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩が、緩衝能を有する塩である請求項1に記載のポリ乳酸の分解方法。
- 前記一般式(I)で表されるアミン化合物の有機酸塩及び/又は無機酸塩が、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、リン酸水素二アンモニウム、リン酸三アンモニウム、ホウ酸アンモニウム及びクエン酸三アンモニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載の分解方法。
- 分子状アンモニアの濃度が500mg/L以上の条件で処理される、請求項1に記載の分解方法。
- 前記処理が40℃を超える温度で行われる、請求項1に記載の分解方法。
- 処理時のpHが8~9である、請求項1に記載の分解方法。
- ポリ乳酸を含む有機物が、ポリ乳酸と生ごみの混合物である、請求項1に記載の分解方法。
- ポリ乳酸を含む有機物を分子状アンモニアの共存下にて、40℃を超える温度に加熱する工程を含む、請求項8に記載のポリ乳酸を含む有機物の処理方法。
- 分子状アンモニアの濃度が500mg/L以上である、請求項9に記載のポリ乳酸を含む有機物の処理方法。
- pHが8~9の条件で加熱される、請求項9に記載のポリ乳酸を含む有機物の処理方法。
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