Abstract
The sporocysts of the trematode Leucochloridium paradoxum parasitise land snails Succinea putris. The sporocysts form broodsacs whose tegument contains green and brown pigments. The colouration changes during maturation. The pattern and colour of the broodsacs may vary in different individuals and sometimes even in one sporocyst. We studied the broodsacs of 253 sporocysts of L. paradoxum collected in the European part of Russia and Belarus, and identified four main colouration types. An analysis of genetic polymorphism by a fragment (757 bp) of the mitochondrial cox1 gene revealed 22 haplotypes. Using the nucleotide sequences of the cox1 gene fragment of L. paradoxum from Japan and Europe available in GenBank, we constructed haplotype networks. A total of 27 haplotypes were identified. The haplotype diversity of L. paradoxum by this gene was rather low, on the average 0.8320. A low genotypic diversity by the mitochondrial marker is consistent with rDNA conservativeness of Leucochloridium spp. noted previously. The most broadly represented haplotypes, Hap_1 and Нap_3, were described in both sporocysts and adults of L. paradoxum. We suggest that the mobility of birds, which are the definitive hosts of L. paradoxum, provides the necessary conditions for the genotypic diversity of its sporocysts parasitising different populations of snails Succinea putris.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Natalia Lentsman for her help with the preparation of the English version of the manuscript and Tatiana Bogacheva for her assistance in preparing the scheme of colouration of mature broodsacs of Leucochloridium paradoxum.
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The study was funded by RSF (project no. 22-24-20057).
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GA designed the research; RU, AT and EP substantially participated in conception and improvement of research; EP, RU and NT performed the phylogenetic and haplotyping analysis; AT and RU annotated cox1 gene fragment; AT prepared Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4; GA led the manuscript writing; all authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
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Usmanova, R.R., Ataev, G.L., Tokmakova, A.S. et al. Genotypic and morphological diversity of trematodes Leucochloridium paradoxum. Parasitol Res 122, 997–1007 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07805-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07805-7