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Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Dist. - Nadia, West Bengal PIN - 741 252

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Agriculture University, Jodhpur

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Recent Submissions

Open Access
Comparative Pathology of Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Pesticides Intoxication in Mice and Goats
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1987) R.K. Tamang; G.J. Jha
1.The clinical signs of chronic cypermethrin toxicity in mice appeared earliest in the Res depleted group and latest in RES activated group of mice. The cypermothrin treated normal mice fell between these two groups in exhibiting the clinical signs. Hyperesthesia, inco-ordination, irritation at the site of injection, paraplegia of hind quarters, respiratory distress, twitching of muscles, coma and death were observed in cypermathrin treated mice. On the other hand, the clinical signs of chronic quinalphos toxicity were dullness, depression, salivation, inco-ordination, prostration, coma and death. 2. The signs of chronic cypermethrin toxicity in goats were transitory in nature in two animals only which included hyperaesthesia, salivation and mild muscular tremors. Unlike cypermethrin the signs of chronic quinalphos toxicity in goats appeared early for a short period but the symptoms of toxicity in the terminal stages were more marked which included dullness, depression, salivation, diarrhoea, muscular tremor, posterior weakness, ataxia, dyspnoea, recumbency, groaning, coma and death .
Open Access
Studies on The Effect of Dates of Sowing of Gram on The Incidence of Gram Pod Borer Heliothis Armigera (Hubner) and Its Control
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Nila Kanta Deka; Devendra Prasad
Two sets of field experiment were carried out at the Ranchi Agriculture collage farm, Birsa Agriculture University Kanke Ranchi during rabi 1984-85. They were (i) studies on the effect of dates of sowing of gram on the incidence of gram pod borer, Heliothis armigera (Hb) and (ii) to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against H. armigera. Only three insect pests namely,Bihar hairy caterpillar, spilosoma oblique (Wlk) surface grasshopper, chrotogonus trachvpterus blanch and gram pod borer H. armigera could be noticed during the crop growth. The former two appeared during the vegetative stage of the crop growth where as the later one remained active throughout the crop season. A parasitoid, campoltis chlorideae uchida was found parasitizing larvae of pod border .This is the first authentic report from Ranchi. Marked reduction in plant height and number of branches per plant was noticed in the crop sown after 22nd October .The relative growth rate (0.066 to0.138) in respect of plant height progressively increased as the sowing was delayed . Early sown crop (till first November)had a lesser number of pod borer population (0.12-5.5 larvae/2m row while the later sowing recorded higher pest density (0.5-8.5 larvae /2 m row length).The early sown crop also recorded significantly lower pod borer damage. The activity of parasitoid failed to depress the population explosion of the pest during full bloom and podding stage of the crop even in the range of 34-50 per cent parasitism as observed in te sowing of 12 october. The expected increase in pod infestation for each delay of ten days in the sowing of gram was 4.02percent and expected decline in yield was 1.25 q per ha. A unit increase in pod infestation was followed by a decline of 0.32 q per ha in yield. Result on thousand grain weight suggest that chickpea sown upto 4th week of October would produce bolder seeds. The first three sowing (October 12 and 22nd and November 1)gave significantly higher yields over the late sowing. Application of education (at the rate of 500 g a.i,/ha )at full bloom /pod initiation stage showed better performance in respect of larval reproduction of pod borer and increase in yield of the crop.
Open Access
Study on the lever of Black Bengal Goats & Chotanagpur Sheep
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Malay Kumar Roy; Malya Kumar Roy
Comparative histology and histochemistry of pituitary gland, pineal body, adrenal gland, thyroid gland and Leydig cells of testes were studied in the normal and vasectomized male goats. The normal goats were grouped under prepubertal (3-4 months), circunpubertal (6-7 months) and postpubertal (10-18 months) animals. The prepubertal vasec tomy was done at 3 months of age while postpubertal vasectomy was conducted at the age of 9 months. From vasectomized goats, the tissues were collected after 1, 3 and 9 months of operations. 5.1 PITUITARY GLAND (Glandule pituitaries) The capsule was mainly composed of collagen fibers with a few reticular and elastic fibers. The stroma was rich in reticular fibres. The sinusoidal capillaries were distributed the gland. Histochemically, the capsule and stroma were positive for PAS and acid mucosubstances. The capsule and stroma in the vasectomized goats did not differ from the normal goats. Para distalis adenohypophysis was composed of solid or tubular cell cord. The average cell density per m² area increased with the advancing age of the animals. Statistically the average cell density per m² area in the vasectomized goats did not differ from the corresponding normal values. Both orangeophil and carminophil were identified in the acidophil cells of the goat.
Open Access
Comparative Histological and Histochemical Studies on The Liver of black Bengal Goats (capra Hircus ) and Chotanagpuri Sheep (Ovis Aries)
(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1987) Miss Massarat Khan; Dr. J. Prasad
The liver capsule measured 28.08 u in goat and 产 in sheep. It was surrounded by a layer of flattened 10.62 masothelial cells. It was composed of collagen, elastic and reticular fires and occasional smooth muscle. The liver capsule indicated intense reactions for bound protein and DNA moderate to weak reactions for PAS positive substances, glycogen, bound lipid, acid mucopolysaccharides and calcium salts in both the species? However reactions for PAS positive carbohydrates and alkaline phosphatase ware of higher intensity in sheep, whereas, a negative reaction was noted for alkaline phosphatase in the liver capsule of goat. Reactions for neutral fats, RA, acid phosphatase and ferric iron were found to be absent. Stromal connective tissues contained scanty amount of elastic, collagen tires and abundant of reticular fibers. The fibroblasts were comparatively more in the stromal tissues of the sheep. Stromal connective tissues showed intense reactions for bound protein and DNA moderate to weak reactions for glycogen bound lipid, acid mucopolysaccharides and calcium salts in both goat and sheep. The PAS positive carbohydrates and alkaline phosphatase activity in the stromal connective tissue was of higher degree in sheep. Neutral fats, RIA, acid phosphatase and ferric iron were found to be absent in both the copes.
Open Access
DELINEATION AND MAPPING OF SOIL CONSTRAINTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) IN YSR DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-05-22) M. BALAKRISHNA; Dr. T. GIRIDHARA KRISHNA
The present study on “Delineation and mapping of soil constraints and their effects on yield and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in YSR district, Andhra Pradesh using remote sensing and geographic information system” was undertaken to identify the soil related constraints and delineate the spatial variability of soil fertility status in order to suggest fertilizer recommendation in YSR district of Andhra Pradesh using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Georeferenced samples (250 Nos) were collected from the study area following spatially balanced sampling technique. The soil samples were analyzed for physical properties like texture, colour, bulk density, particle density, percent pore space and water holding capacity, physico-chemical properties viz., pH, EC, OC, CEC, and free CaCO3 and chemical properties viz., available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Similarly, leaf samples were analyzed for total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu and fruit samples were analyzed for per cent juice, juice pH, TSS and vitamin-C. In irrigation water, quality parameters such as pH, EC, cations viz., Na+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and anions viz., CO3 2- , HCO3 - , Cl- , SO4 2- , RSC and SAR were analyzed. Sixteen pedons were selected based on the total area of mango grown in each mandal and were studied for soil properties to know constraints in sub surface layers of soils. xvi The various soil textural classes identified in surface soils were 42.80 per cent was sandy loam, 38.00 per cent was sandy clay loam, 12.40 per cent was loamy sand, 4.4 per cent was sandy clay and 2.40 per cent was clay loam. Texture of surface horizons and sub-surface horizons in pedons varied from sandy loam to sandy clay loam and gravel nature was seen in subsurface layers of some of the mandals. The colour of the soils in the study area had their Munsell colour notation in the hue of 10 YR / 7.5 YR / 5 YR / 2.5 YR with value of 3 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 8. The colour in all pedons varied from very dark red to dark greyish brown with a hue ranged from 2.5 YR to 10 YR, value ranged from 3 to 6 and chroma varied between 1 and 8. The pH of the study area was neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction. Out of total study area 38.80 per cent was neutral, 41.20 per cent was weakly alkaline, 19.20 per cent was moderately alkaline and 0.80 per cent was strongly alkaline in soil reaction. All the pedons of the study area were neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction. The orchard soils were non-saline in nature as the EC of these soils was far below 1.0 dS m-1 . The study area soils were low to medium in organic carbon at surface and low in sub-surface layers. The organic carbon content decreased with increasing depth. Out of all the surface soils of mango orchards studied, 80.00 per cent were low in available N and 20.00 per cent were medium in available N, 5.60 per cent were low in available P, 92.00 per cent were medium in P and 2.40 per cent were high in P. However, about 32.00 per cent were low in available K, 35.20 per cent were in medium range and 32.80 per cent were in high range. The higher exchangeable calcium and magnesium status was observed in all the orchards. In pedons the available nitrogen was ranged from 59.79 to 273.12 kg ha-1 and were low in available nitrogen. The available nitrogen was significantly and positively correlated (r = +0.514**) with organic carbon. The available phosphorus varied from 5.05 to 45.05 kg ha-1 . All the pedons showed a decreasing trend with depth. The available potassium in different pedons ranged from 49.98 to 512.05 kg ha-1 soil. The lowest value of 49.98 kg ha-1 was observed in pedon 10 and the highest was 512.05 kg ha-1 . Calcium, magnesium and sulphur contents recorded sufficient in all the villages of twelve mandals. All pedons showed an increasing trend with depth for exchangeable calcium and magnesium whereas deceasing trend with available sulphur and available micronutrients. The data on micronutrient status in these twelve mandals of the study area revealed that copper and manganese content in almost all soils was sufficient whereas iron (50%) and zinc content (48%) was deficient in the soils of Veeraballi and T. Sundupalle mandals. Two per cent of the leaf samples were deficient in N, 8 per cent deficient in P and 4 per cent deficit in K. N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 42, 12, 14, 2 and 12 per cent low in leaf samples, respectively while N, P, K, Ca and Mg were 4, 50, 16, 18 and 18 per cent were high in leaf samples, respectively. Zn deficiency in xvii leaf was the most severe among the 10 mineral elements tested and 90 per cent of samples were deficient in Zn, followed by Fe (64%), Mn (36%) and Cu (25%). However, the average leaf content of N, P, Ca and Cu was 1.27, 0.12, 2.39 and 8.9 per cent, respectively, which was within the optimum range. The correlation between fruit yield, soil pH and CaCO3 in soil was found to be negative and significant whereas the correlation between fruit yield and soil EC was found to be negative and non-significant Fruit yield was positively and significantly influenced by soil organic carbon content (r = 0.360), because the organic carbon content of the soil had a significant positive influence on soil N (r = 0.716**). The soil mineral nutrients like N, P and K influenced the fruit weight significantly and positively (r = 0.469*, r = 0.446* and r = 0.415*, respectively). Fruit juice per cent had significant and positive relation with soil N (r = 0.353*) and P (r = 0.364*). Soil P had a significant and positive correlation with TSS (r = 0.438*). The pH of the irrigation water samples collected from mango orchards of study area varied from neutral (6.77) to mildly alkaline (8.05). The EC of the irrigation water varied from 0.82 - 3.87 dS m-1 with a mean value of 1.82 dS m-1 . According to the irrigation water EC classification, 76 per cent of the water samples were high in salinity with C3 class and 24 per cent of the water samples were categorized with high salinity (C4 class). The concentration of major anions of irrigation water collected from all the mango orchards were in the order of HCO3 - > Cl- > SO4 2- > CO3 2- and the cations were in the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ . The general constraints that were observed in the soils of mango orchards were low organic carbon, low to medium available nitrogen and phosphorus, wide spread deficiency of zinc and iron, low to medium Mn, wide occurrence of soil alkalinity, calcareousness and poor quality of irrigation water i.e., high to very high salinity of the irrigation water. Soil nutrients thematic maps were prepared using remote sensing and GIS techniques and delineated the soil related constraints. On the basis of fertility mapping, suitable recommendations were made in the study area in terms of available nutrients. In conclusion, it can be summarized that the new technologies such as remote sensing, GIS and GPS have opened a new era in generating natural resource database to integrate and assess their potential on spatial basis. Integration of GIS in the present study was highly useful in identification of soil related constraints spatially and in generating the fertilizer recommendation maps and soil suitability assessment. Also, by identifying the soil related constraints in the study area, it made clear that there is a need of adoption of soil test crop response based integrated plant nutrition system (STCR-IPNS) and micronutrient recommendations to mango would enhance the crop productivity, fertilizer use efficiency and alleviate the deficiencies over long run
Open Access
Fertigation Management in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. “Master” and “Baltico” under protected conditions
(SKUAST Kashmir, 2023) Tashafi Iqbal; Rather, Zahoor Ahmed
An experiment entitled “Fertigation Management in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. Master and Baltico under protected conditions” was carried out at the Research Farm of Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during the year 2022. The experiment comprised of ten treatments viz: T0 -control-water [NPK (0 gm-2)+ EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0ml m-2)], T1 [ NPK 20:20:20 (4 gm-2)+ EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.1 ml m-2)], T2 [ NPK 20:20:20 (4 gm-2 )+ EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.2 ml m-2)], T3 [ NPK 20:20:20 (4 gm-2 ) + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.3ml m-2)], T4 [ NPK 20:20:20 (8gm-2 )+ EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.1ml m-2)], T5 [NPK 20:20:20 (8 gm-2 ) + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.2ml m-2)], T6 [NPK 20:20:20 (8 gm-2 )+ EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.3ml m-2)],T7 [NPK 20:20:20 (12 gm-2 ) + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.1ml m-2)], T8 [NPK 20:20:20 (12 gm-2 )+ EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.2ml m-2)]andT9[NPK 20:20:20 (12gm-2)+EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture (0.3 ml m-2)] as fertigation with 3 replications laid out in split plot design. The findings of the study revealed that maximum plant height (108.79 cm) was recorded with T6 (NPK 8gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.3ml m-2) while maximum plant spread (27.05 cm) and leaf chlorophyll content (706.68 mg/100g) with T9 (NPK 12gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.3ml m-2). Both these treatments were statistically at par with each other and with T7 (NPK 12gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.1ml m-2.) and T8NPK (12gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.2ml m-2). Treatment T9 (NPK 12gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.3 ml m-2 ) being statistically at par with T8(NPK 12 gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.2ml m-2 ), T7 (NPK 12gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixturet 0.1 ml m-2 ) and T6 (NPK 8gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.3ml m-2 ) for majority of flowering and physiological parameters recorded maximumflower bud length (48.49 mm), flower bud diameter (19.18 mm), number of laterals (9.45), stalk length (98.83cm ), internodal length (8.52cm) , stalk diameter (8.25 mm), flower diameter (8.60cm), stalk weight (12.91 g), vase life (11.65 day), net photosynthetic rate (29.91 µ mol CO2 m-2 sec-1), leaf stomatal conductance (0.14 mol H2O m-2 sec-1), leaf transpiration rate (3.66 m mol H2O m-2 sec-1), number of flower stalks plant-1 (8.56) and number of flower stalks m-2 (101.79), and least duration to form bud (73.26 day) , reach paint brush stage (91.33 day) and flower opening (97.50 day). The treatment T8 (NPK 12gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.2ml m-2 ) statistically at par with T7 and T6, recorded maximum flower duration (55.61day). Whereas the minimum plant height (104.68 cm) and plant spread (22.17 cm), chlorophyll content (593.01mg/100g), flower bud length (36.10 mm), flower bud diameter (16.35 mm), number of laterals (9.45), stalk length (98.83 cm), internodal length (7.55 cm), stalk diameter (7.05 mm), flower diameter (6.59 cm), stalk weight (10.11 g), vase life (7.75 day), net photosynthetic rate (24.02 µ mol CO2 m-2 sec-1), leaf stomatal conductance (0.03 mol H2O m-2 sec-1), leaf transpiration rate (1.43 m mol H2O m-2 sec-1), number of flower stalks plant-1 (8.06 day), number of flower stalks m-2 (96.61 ), maximum duration to form first flower bud (80.51), reach paint brush stage (100.03 day) ,flower opening (105.01 day) and flower duration (48.67 day) was recorded in control. The varieties differed significantly with each other in recording all growth, flowering and yield characters except stalk diameter, flower diameter, stalk weight. Performance of Baltico was superior to Master and recorded maximum plant height (107.15 cm), plant spread (25.59 cm), chlorophyll content (679.90 mg/100g), flower bud length (46.79 mm), flower bud diameter (19.38 mm), number of laterals (8.57), stalk length (95.07 cm), internodal length (7.56 cm), stalk diameter (7.78 mm), flower diameter (7.79 cm), stalk weight (11.66 g), flower duration (57.83 day), vase life (10.29 day), leaf transpiration rate (2.74 m mol H2O m-2 sec-1), number of flower stalks plant-1 (8.27 day) and number of flower stalks m-2 (99.48) while net photosynthetic rate (28.28 µ mol CO2 m-2 sec-1), and leaf stomatal conductance (0.092 mol H2O m-2 sec-1) was maximum in Master, which proved an early flowering variety recording minimum duration to bud formation (69.84 day), paint brush stage (88.25 day), flower opening (93.37 day) The interaction of varieties and treatment levels (V×T) showed a significant effect on growth, flowering, physiological and yield parameters of carnation. T6 x Baltico statistically at par with T7 x Baltico, T8 x Baltico and T9 x Baltico recorded highest plant height (109.21 cm) and plant spread (27.76 cm) whereas T0 x Master recorded lowest plant height (104.44 cm) and plant spread (22.02 cm). T9 x Baltico statistically at par with T8 x Baltico, T7 x Baltico, T6 x Baltico recorded highest leaf chlorophyll content (711.80 mg/100g), flower bud length (51.66 mm), flower bud diameter (20.23 mm), number of laterals (9.88) , stalk length ( 99.01 cm) , internode length (9.0 cm), stalk diameter (8.25 mm ), flower diameter (8.73 cm ), stalk weight (13.06 g ), flower duration (61.66 day),vase life (11.73 day), net photosynthetic rate (29.95 µ mol CO2 m-2 sec-1 both), leaf stomatal conductance (0.14 mol H2O m-2 sec-1 ), leaf transpiration rate (3.73 m mol H2O m-2 sec-1), number of flower stalks plant-1 (8.62) and number of flower stalks m-2 (101.91) . Whereas T0 x Master recorded lowest leaf chlorophyll content (551.01 mg/100g), flower bud length (31.01 mm), flower bud diameter (14.60 mm), number of laterals (7.55), stalk length (89.01 cm), internode length (5.15 cm), stalk diameter (7.05 mm), stalk weight (10.10 g ) and flower duration (46.33 day) and number of flower stalk m -2 (96.49) while T0 x Baltico recorded minimum net photosynthetic rate (23.55 µ mol CO2 m-2 sec-1.), leaf stomatal conductance (0.03 mol H2O m-2 sec-1.) and leaf transpiration rate (1.40 m mol H2O m-2 sec-1), flower diameter (6.53 cm), vase life (7.5 day) and number of flower stalks plant-1 (8.06). Among all the interactions, T9 x Master statistically at par with T8 x Master, T7 x Master and T6 x Master was found to record minimum duration to bud formation (66.26 day), paint brush stage (83.01 day) and flower opening (90.01 day). On the other hand, T0 x Baltico statistically at par with T1 x Baltico and T2 x Baltico was found to record maximum duration to bud formation (87.33 day), paint brush stage (106.01 day) and flower opening (112.01 day). In conclusion, T6 (NPK 8gm-2 + EDTA chelated micronutrient mixture 0.3ml m-2) can be recommended as optimum dosage for achieving higher growth, flowering and yield in carnation.
Open Access
EFFECT OF MICROBIAL INOCULANTS ON YIELD AND SOIL FERTILITY IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum) SHORT CROP
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-05-22) GOBIDESI RAVITEJA; Dr. B. VAJANTHA
Integrated use of microbial inoculants and fertilizers was evaluated for crop response, soil fertility and economic feasibility in sugarcane short crop through field experiment during 2021-22 at Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The experimental soil was neutral in reaction, non saline, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potassium. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments comprises of viz., Control 100% RDF (T1), 125% RDF (T2), 100% RDF + soil application of solid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T3), 100% RDF + sett treatment with solid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T4), 75% RDF + soil application of solid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T5), 75% RDF + sett treatment with solid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T6), 100% RDF + soil application of liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T7), 100% RDF + sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T8), 75% RDF + soil application of liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T9) and 75% RDF + sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T10). The recommended dose of fertilizers for sugarcane short crop is 224-112-112 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1 . Solid Gluconacetobacter, PSB and KSB were applied @ 10 kg ha-1 each for soil application. The recommended dose of solid biofertilizers for sett treatment was 10 kg - 1.25 kg - 1.25 kg ha-1 of Gluconacetobacter, PSB and KSB, respectively. Recommended dose of liquid Gluconacetobacter, PSB and KSB for soil xvi application was 1 l, 1.25 l and 1.25 l ha-1 , respectively. Similar quantity of liquid Gluconacetobacter, PSB and KSB was used for sett treatment. Among ten treatments significantly the highest germination percentage of sugarcane short crop was observed with 100% RDF + sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T8). Significantly the highest dry matter production was recorded with 100% RDF + sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T8) at tillering, grand growth and harvest stages. Significantly the highest number of tillers, shoot population, stalk population, cane length and cane yield was produced with the application of 100% RDF + sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T8). Combined application of 100% RDF and sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T8) resulted significantly the highest N, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu uptake by plant at tillering, grand growth and harvest stages. Significantly the highest available N, P2O5, K2O and S in soil was observed with the application of 100% RDF + soil application of liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T7) at tillering and grand growth stage while, at harvest it was at par with 100% RDF + soil application of solid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T3). The DTPA extractable Fe and Zn in soil were significantly superior with 100% RDF + soil application of liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T7) at tillering, grand growth and harvest stages. Application of 100% RDF + soil application of liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T7) resulted significantly the highest urease, dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity at tillering and grand growth stage whereas, it was on par with 100% RDF + soil application of solid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T3) at harvest. All these enzymes activities were increased from tillering to grand growth and later decreased at harvest. Among the treatments, the highest number of soil microbial population viz., bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were observed with 100% RDF + sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T8) which was on par with 100% RDF + soil application of liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T7) at tillering, grand growth and harvest stages. Higher benefit cost ratio was obtained with 100% RDF + sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T8) followed by 100% RDF + sett treatment with solid Gluconacetobacter + PSB + KSB (T7). In conclusion, the study indicated that application of 100% RDF along with sett treatment with liquid Gluconacetobacter, PSB and KSB to sugarcane is found to be ecologically and economically feasible nutrient management practice to achieve sustainable yields in Southern Agroclimatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh.
Open Access
Studies on in -vitro propagation of Dahlia × hybrida cv. “Yellow Ball
(SKUAST Kashmir, 2023) Mir, Tajveen Ahmad; Qazi, Altaf
The present study entitled “Studies on in-vitro propagation of Dahlia × hybrida cv. “Yellow Ball” was carried out in Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, SKUAST- K and in the Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K during 2020-2023. The aim of the research was to arrive at an efficient and repeatable protocol for in vitro propagation of Dahlia × hybrida cv. “Yellow Ball”. Nodal segments and shoot tips from actively growing plants of Dahlia × hybrida cv. “Yellow Ball” growing in open field conditions were used as explants. Highest culture asepsis in nodal segments 77.77% and in shoot tip 78.11% was recorded with sterilant treatment combination containing Bavistin (0.02%) for 20 minutes plus mercuric chloride (0.1%) for 10 minutes followed by ethyl alcohol 70% for 10 seconds. Including a systemic fungicide in the sterilization regime significantly improved the percentage of culture asepsis. Sterilization with Mercuric Chloride 0.1% for 10 minutes followed by ethyl alcohol 70% for 10 seconds resulted in highest explant survival 63.88% in nodal segment and 63.77% in shoot tip. Mercuric chloride (0.1%) individually or in combination with other sterilants proved to be superior to Sodium hypochlorite (1.0) in terms of explant survival. MS media fortified with BAP (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mgl-1) in combination with Kinetin (0.5 or 1.0 mgl-1) was used for explant establishment. Media supplemented with BAP + Kinetin (3.0 + 1.0 mgl-1) recorded maximum culture establishment 80.55% in nodal segment and 80.27% in shoot tips and lowest number of days to bud sprouting 7.61 in nodal segment and 7.28 in shoot tips while BAP + Kinetin (3.0 + 0.5 mgl-1) recorded maximum shoot number 1.59 in nodal segment and 1.57 in shoot tips. Maximum length of established shoots 4.23 in nodal segment and 3.99 in shoot tips and highest leaf number 7.77 in nodal segment and 9.76 in shoot tips was recorded with BAP + Kinetin (1.0 + 0.5 mgl-1). Shoots from established cultures were severed after four weeks of culture on the establishment media and subcultured for proliferation on media fortified with same combinations of growth regulators as used for explant establishment. Highest culture proliferation 80.55% in nodal segment and 80.22% in shoot tips was obtained under the treatment combination BAP + Kinetin (3.0 + 1.0 mgl-1). However, highest number of shoots 2.41 in nodal segments and 2.34 in shoot tips was obtained with treatment combination BAP + Kinetin (3.0 + 0.5 mgl-1). Maximum shoot length 2.60 in nodal segments and 1.87 in shoot tips and leaf number 3.94 in nodal segments and 4.82 in shoot tips was obtained with treatment combination BAP + Kinetin (1.0 + 0.5 mgl-1). Best treatment combination for culture proliferation recording optimum percentage of shoot proliferation, highest number of proliferated shoots and optimum shoot length was recorded to be BAP + Kinetin (3.0 + 0.5 mgl-1) and hence used for further proliferation of cultures. Healthy and uniform shoots from proliferating cultures were severed and inoculated in MS media fortified with IBA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mgl-1) or NAA (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mgl-1) in rooting experiments. Rooting of micro shoots was superior with IBA compared to NAA. Lowest number of days to root initiation 22.00 in nodal segments and 15.00 in shoot tips was recorded in MS media fortified with NAA (2.0 mgl-1). Highest rooting of 33.28 along with highest number of primary roots/shoot 4.74 in nodal segments and 4.71 in shoot tips was recorded in MS medium fortified with IBA (2.0 mgl-1). The best treatment for rooting of micro-shoots was IBA (2.0 mgl-1) recording best values for all the rooting parameters.
Open Access
PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AS INFLUENCED BY THE APPLICATION OF FORTIFIED ZINC
(Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, 2024-05-22) NARASAPURAM RANGASAWMY; Dr. P. KAVITHA
The present field experiment entitled “Performance of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by the application of fortified zinc” was conducted on sandy loam soils at Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandi during rabi, 2021-2022. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, with neutral in reaction (pH 7.33), low in organic carbon (0.48 %) and available nitrogen (248 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (49 kg ha-1), high in available potassium (586 kg ha-1), low in available zinc (0.54 mg kg-1) and manganese (3.08 mg kg-1), medium in available Iron (7.13 mg kg-1) and high in available copper (0.92 mg kg-1). The design adopted was randomized block design with eleven treatments, which were replicated thrice. The treatments comprise of (T1) Control (100 % RDF), (T2) FYM @ 10 t ha-1, (T3) ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1, (T4) FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1, (T5) Foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 at knee - high stage, (T6) FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB, (T7) FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB + foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 at knee - high stage, (T8) Soil application of ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1 , (T9) Seed treatment with ZnSB @ 10 g kg-1 of seed, (T10) Soil application of ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1 +foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 at knee - high stage and (T11) Seed treatment with ZnSB @ 10 g kg-1 of seed + foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 at knee - high stage. The Recommended dose of fertilizers for maize is 240-80-80 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1 . Maximum plant height and dry matter production at knee - high, tasseling and harvest stages were recorded with the application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 (T4). The highest kernel yield, stover yield, cob yield with husk and yield attributing characters viz., cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of rows cob-1, number of kernels row-1 and total number of kernels cob-1 were produced with the application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSO4 @ 50 xvii kg ha-1 (T4) which was on par with application of FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 (T7) and FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1) (T6). The highest content and uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) of maize crop were registered with the application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 (T4), which was on par with application of FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 (T7) and FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1) (T6). Application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 (T4) recorded maximum available N, P and Zn, which was on par with the application of FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 (T7) and FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1) (T6). The highest dehydrogenase activity, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were registered with the application of FYM @10 t ha -1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1) (T6), which was on par with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 (T4) and FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 (T7). Application of FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 (T4) recorded the highest cost of cultivation and gross returns. Maximum zinc use efficiency, net returns and B:C ratio were observed due to the application of FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 (T7), which was on par with FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1) (T6) and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSO4 @ 50 kg ha-1 (T4). In conclusion, the study indicated that application of FYM @10 t ha-1 enriched with ZnSB @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 0.2 % ZnSO4 (T7) to maize is found to be ecologically and economically feasible nutrient management practice to achieve sustainable yields in Scarce Rainfall Zone of Andhra Pradesh.

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