狐

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狐 U+72D0, 狐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D0
← 狏
[U+72CF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 狑 →
[U+72D1]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

狐 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+5 in Chinese, 犬+6 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 大竹竹女人 (KHHVO), four-corner 42230, composition ⿰犭瓜)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 708, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20333
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1340, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+72D0

Chinese[edit]

trad. 狐
simp. # 狐
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (瓜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瓜 *kʷraː
坬 *kʷraːs
窊 *qʷraː, *qʷraːs
畖 *qʷraː
搲 *qʷraːs
攨 *qʷraːs
孤 *kʷaː
苽 *kʷaː
胍 *kʷaː
泒 *kʷaː
呱 *kʷaː
觚 *kʷaː
柧 *kʷaː
罛 *kʷaː
軱 *kʷaː
菰 *kʷaː
箛 *kʷaː
狐 *ɡʷaː
弧 *ɡʷlaː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaː) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gwa (“fox”). Cognate with Tibetan ཝ (wa, “fox”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hou5 - vernacular;
  • hu5 - literary.
Rime
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸吳切
Baxter hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦɔ/
Li
Rong 		/ɣo/
Wang
Li 		/ɣu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ʷˁa/
English fox

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 狐
Reading # 1/1
No. 4358
Phonetic
component 		瓜
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		胡
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷaː/

Definitions[edit]

狐

  1. fox
  2. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 狐狸 (“fox”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 狐
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狐狸, 狐
Taxonomic name 狐
Mandarin Beijing 狐狸
Taiwan 狐狸
Tianjin 狐狸
Chengde 狐狸
Tangshan 狐狸
Cangzhou 狐狸
Baoding 狐狸
Shijiazhuang 狐子
Ulanhot 狐狸
Tongliao 狐狸
Chifeng 狐狸
Bayanhot 狐狸
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狐狸
Heihe 狐狸
Qiqihar 狐狸
Harbin 狐狸
Jiamusi 狐狸
Baicheng 狐狸
Changchun 狐狸
Tonghua 狐狸
Shenyang 狐狸
Dandong 狐狸
Jinzhou 狐狸
Dalian 狐狸
Yantai 狐狸, 貔虎子
Yantai (Muping) 貔子, 狐狸
Qingdao 臊貔子
Lijin 狐狸, 貔子
Zhucheng 狐狸
Jinan 貔子, 貔大狐子, 貔狐子, 狐狸
Jining 狐狸
Luoyang 狐狸
Wanrong 狐子
Shangqiu 狐狸
Yuanyang 狐狸, 狐
Zhengzhou 狐狸
Lingbao 狐子
Xinyang 毛狗
Baihe 狐狸, 野狗子
Hanzhong 狐狸
Xi'an 狐狸, 狐子
Baoji 狐子
Yinchuan 狐狸, 狐子, 野狐子
Tianshui 狐狸
Lanzhou 狐狸, 野狐子, 野狐
Dunhuang 狐子, 野狐子
Xining 野狐兒, 狐狸, 沙狐
Hami 狐子
Ürümqi 狐狸, 黑鷹
Wuhan 狐狸
Yichang 狐狸
Xiangyang 狐狸
Tianmen 狐狸
Hong'an 狐狸, 毛狗
Chengdu 狐狸, 毛狗
Nanchong 狐狸
Dazhou 毛狗
Hanyuan 狐狸, 毛狗
Xichang 狐狸
Zigong 狐狸
Chongqing 狐狸
Guiyang 狐狸, 毛狗
Zunyi 狐狸
Bijie 毛狗
Liping 狐狸
Zhaotong 狐狸
Dali 狐狸
Kunming 狐狸
Mengzi 狐狸
Guilin 狐狸
Liuzhou 狐狸
Jishou 狐狸, 臭狐鹿
Changde 狐狸
Anqing 狐狸
Xuzhou 狐狸子, 狐狸
Fuyang 狐狸
Wuhu 狐狸
Yangzhou 狐狸, 狸
Lianyungang 狐狸
Lianshui 狐狸, 狐溜子
Nanjing 狐狸, 大仙 superstitious
Hefei 狐狸
Nantong 狐狸
Singapore 狐狸
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 狐子
Dagudi (Maliba) 狐狸
Reshuitang (Longling) 狐狸
Mae Salong (Lancang) 狐狸
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 狐狸
Cantonese Guangzhou 狐狸
Hong Kong 狐狸
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狐狸
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 狐狸
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 狐狸
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 狐狸
Macau 狐狸
Guangzhou (Panyu) 狐狸
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 狐狸
Guangzhou (Conghua) 狐狸
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 狐狸
Foshan 狐狸
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 狐狸
Foshan (Shunde) 狐狸
Foshan (Sanshui) 狐狸
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 狐狸
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狐狸
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 狐狸
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 狐狸
Zhuhai (Doumen) 狐狸
Jiangmen (Baisha) 狐狸
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 狐狸
Taishan 狐狸
Kaiping (Chikan) 蜢狗
Enping (Niujiang) 狐狸
Heshan (Yayao) 狐狸
Dongguan 狐狸
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 狐狸
Qingyuan 狐狸
Fogang 狐狸
Yingde (Hanguang) 狐狸
Yangshan 狐狸
Lianshan (Butian) 狐狸
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 狐狸
Shaoguan 狐狸
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 狐狸
Renhua 狐狸
Lechang 狐狸
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 狐狸
Sihui 狐狸
Guangning 狐狸
Deqing 狐狸
Huaiji 狐狸
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 狐狸
Yunfu 狐狸
Xinxing 狐狸
Luoding 狐狸
Yunan (Pingtai) 狐狸
Yangjiang 狐狸
Xinyi 狐狸
Lianjiang 狐狸
Nanning 狐狸
Wuzhou 狐狸
Yulin 狐狸
Rongxian 狐狸
Hepu (Lianzhou) 狐狸
Hepu (Shatian) 狐狸
Guiping 狐狸
Guiping (Mule) 狐狸
Pingnan 狐狸
Guigang (Gangcheng) 狐狸
Guigang (Pingdong) 狐狸
Beihai 狐狸
Beihai (Nankang) 狐狸
Beihai (Yingpan) 狐狸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 狐狸
Singapore (Guangfu) 狐狸
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 狐狸
Bangkok (Guangfu) 狐狸
Betong (Rongxian) 狐狸
Gan Nanchang 狐狸
Pengze 狐狸
Lichuan 狐兒
Pingxiang 狐狸
Hakka Meixian 狐狸
Dabu (Xihe) 狐狸
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 狐狸
Dongguan (Qingxi) 狐狸
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 狐狸
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 狐狸, 禾狸
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 狐狸
Wuhua (Huacheng) 鋪狗
Conghua (Lütian) 狐狸
Jiexi 狐狸
Luhe 狐狸
Yongding (Xiayang) 狐狸
Yudu 狐狸子, 狐狸
Ruijin 狐狸
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狐狸, 狐狸仔
Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian) 狐狸
Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian) 狐狸
Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian) 狐狸
Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian) 狐狸
Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian) 狐狸
Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian) 狐狸
Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 狐狸
Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 狐狸
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 狐狸
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 狐狸
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 狐狸
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 狐狸仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 狐狸
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 狐狸
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 狐狸
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 狐狸
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 狐狸
Hong Kong 狐狸
Luchuan (Daqiao) 狐狸
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 狐狸
Senai (Huiyang) 狐狸
Singkawang 狐狸
Bangkok (Jiexi) 狐狸
Huizhou Jixi 狐狸
Shexian 狐狸
Jin Taiyuan 狐子, 狐狸
Taiyuan (Jiancaoping) 狐子
Taiyuan (Jinyuan) 狐子
Pingyao 狐子
Yangyuan 狐子
Datong 狐子
Xinzhou 狐子
Lishi 狐子
Linfen 狐子
Changzhi 狐狸, 狐子
Taibus (Baochang) 狐狸
Linhe 狐狸, 狐子
Jining 狐狸, 狐子
Hohhot 狐狸, 狐子
Baotou 狐子
Dongsheng 狐子
Haibowan 狐子
Erenhot 狐狸, 狐子
Pingshan 狐狸
Zhangjiakou 狐狸
Handan 狐狸, 狐子
Linzhou 狐哦
Suide 狐子
Shenmu 狐子, 狐狸
Northern Min Jian'ou 狐狸
Eastern Min Fuzhou 狐狸, 狐狸貓
Fuqing 野貓
Southern Min Xiamen 狐狸, 狸貓
Quanzhou 狐狸, 狸貓
Zhangzhou 狐狸, 狸貓
Zhao'an 狐狸仔
Dongshan 狐狸
Taipei 狐狸
New Taipei (Tamsui) 狐狸
New Taipei (Sanxia) 狐狸
New Taipei (Pingxi) 狐狸
Kaohsiung 狐狸
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 狐狸
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 狐狸
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 狐狸
Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 狐狸
Yilan 狐狸
Yilan (Luodong) 狐狸
Yilan (Toucheng) 狐狸
Changhua (Lukang) 狐狸
Taichung 狐狸
Taichung (Wuqi) 狐狸
Tainan 狐狸
Tainan (Anping) 狐狸
Taitung 狐狸
Hsinchu 狐狸
Miaoli (Houlong) 狐狸
Kinmen 狐狸
Penghu (Magong) 狐狸
Penghu (Xiyu) 狐狸
Penang (Hokkien) 狐狸
Singapore (Hokkien) 狐狸
Zhangping (Yongfu) 狸貓
Datian 狐狸嫲
Pingnan (Shangdu) 狐狸
Chaozhou 狐狸
Bangkok (Teochew) 狐狸
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 狐狸
Hat Yai (Teochew) 狐狸
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 狐狸
Haikou 狐狸
Puxian Min Putian 狐狸
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 狐狸
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狐狸
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 狐狸
Wu Shanghai 狐狸
Shanghai (Chongming) 狐狸
Shanghai (Songjiang) 狐狸
Suzhou 狐狸
Danyang 狐狸
Hangzhou 狐狸, 大仙 superstitious
Ningbo 狐狸
Wenzhou 狐狸
Jinhua 狐狸
Xiang Changsha 狐狸, 九尾子
Shuangfeng 狐狸
Quanzhou 狐狸精, 狐狸

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

狐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

 狐 on Japanese Wikipedia
狐 (kitsune): a fox napping in the snow.
Kanji in this term
狐
きつね
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

There are various theories. The most likely is based on the root form kitsu, which may have originally been onomatopoeic for the sound of a fox's cry.[1] The final ne syllable appeared for certain by the Heian period,[2] but its meaning remains unclear.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

狐(きつね) or 狐(キツネ) • (kitsune) 

  1. a fox
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
      狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1994 July 16, Isao Takahata, 平成狸合戦ぽんぽこ [Heisei Raccoon Dog War Ponpoko], spoken by Oroku (Nijiko Kiyokawa), Toho:
      程(てい)度(ど)の低(ひく)いものは「擬(ぎ)態(たい)」と呼(よ)ばれ、カメレオンなんぞにもできるが、「化(ば)け学(がく)」はオラたち以(い)外(がい)では、キツネと一(いち)部(ぶ)のネコしか身(み)につけておらん‼
      Teido no hikui mono wa “gitai” to yobare, kamereon nanzo ni mo dekiru ga,“bakegaku” wa ora-tachi igai de wa, kitsune to ichibu no neko shika mi ni tsuketeoran‼
      Those lesser kinds like chameleons can make use of “mimicry”, but beside us, only foxes and a few cats can master “metamorphism”!!

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1937: Daigenkai (in Japanese). Reissued in 1984. →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998: 『怪異・きつね百物語』 (Yōkai: Kitsune Hyaku Monogatari, “Phantoms: 100 Fox Tales”; in Japanese). Yoshihiko Sasama. →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 狐 (MC hu).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅩᆼ (Yale: hhwò)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 여ᅀᅳ (Yale: yèzù) 호 (Yale: hwò)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

狐 (eumhun 여우 호 (yeou ho))

  1. Hanja form? of 호 (“fox”). [affix]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

狐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
狐
ちちに
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/*kitune/ → /t͡ɕit͡sini/ → /t͡ɕit͡ɕini/

Cognate with Japanese 狐 (kitsune).

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ちつィに.[1] The phonemes /t͡si/ and /t͡ɕi/ converged in Okinawan during the 20th century.

Noun[edit]

狐(ちちに) (chichini) ←ちつィに (titwini)?

  1. fox

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/30

Further reading[edit]

  • “ちちに【狐】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

狐: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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