Muthuvel Karunanidhi is remembered for his significant contributions through various initiatives and policies in Tamil Nadu. He was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for almost two decades over five terms between 1969 and 2011. He was popularly referred to as Kalaignar (Artist) and Mutthamizh Arignar (Tamil Scholar) for his contributions to Tamil literature.
Born on June 3, 1924, in Nagapattinam district, Karunanidhi's journey from a passionate activist to a prominent political figure spanned eight remarkable decades.
Karunanidhi's ideological roots were deeply intertwined with the ideals of activist Periyar, advocating for social justice and equality. His early years were marked by active participation in anti-Hindi agitations in 1938, setting the stage for his lifelong commitment to the Dravidian movement. Transitioning from a screenwriter in the Tamil film industry to a prominent political leader, he blended storytelling with his socialist and rationalist principles, catalyzing social change.
Karunanidhi had the longest tenure as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu with 6,863 days in office. He was also a long-standing leader of the Dravidian movement and ten-time president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam political party. Karunanidhi has the record of never losing an election to the Tamil Nadu Assembly, having won 13 times since his first victory in 1957.
One of Karunanidhi's significant achievements was his unwavering commitment to uplift the oppressed and marginalized sections of society. His tenure as Chief Minister, spanning five terms, ushered in transformative reforms that continue to impact Tamil Nadu's societal fabric. Recognizing the injustice of the caste system, he championed the cause of social equality through tangible policy changes.
Karunanidhi's resolve to rectify historical injustices was evident in his establishment of the Backward Classes Commission under A.N. Sattanathan. Building upon its recommendations, he increased the reservation for Backward Classes from 25% to 31%, while also raising the quotas for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes from 16% to 18%.
This progressive approach laid the foundation for a more inclusive society.
In 1974, Karunanidhi's courage led to a historic moment when he negotiated with then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to become the first Chief Minister of India to hoist the national flag on Independence Day. His efforts paved the way for future leaders to stand on equal footing, representing the aspirations of their people.
Karunanidhi's influence extended beyond symbolic gestures. He abolished the dehumanizing practice of hand-pulled carts and introduced cycle rickshaws, providing dignity and better livelihoods for the marginalized.
His ban on sewage cleaning by hand brought about safer working conditions for those in vulnerable occupations, symbolizing his commitment to human rights.
Furthermore, Karunanidhi's impact resonated in his progressive policies, including providing free electricity to farmers and advocating for women's property rights. He stood resolute against discrimination, enabling Tamil Nadu to emerge as a socially just and forward-looking state.
His administration focused on social welfare and upliftment. The Beggars Rehabilitation Scheme in 1969 aimed to provide support to beggars, while the abolition of hand-pulled rickshaws and distribution of cycle rickshaws improved transportation options. The provision of free scheduled castes and tribes houses, the Kudiyiruppu Act, and fair wages for farm laborers showcased his commitment to marginalized communities.
He established the Police Commission, which was a pioneering step in India, and initiated separate ministries for Backward Classes and Scheduled Castes, emphasizing their upliftment. The Constitution of Backward Classes increased reservation percentages, enhancing opportunities for these groups. His administration ensured free education up to P.U.C. and free power supply to farmers setting national precedents. Women's rights were addressed through equal property rights and a notable 30% reservation in government services.
His initiatives extended to various sectors, including veterinary and sciences education, financial assistance for poor girls' marriages and pregnant women, and the formation of women's self-help groups. His focus on gender equality is evident with the 33% reservation for women in local bodies, leading to historic representation.
The Periyar Memorial Samathuvapuram Scheme aimed at eradicating caste discrimination, and the establishment of the first Ambedkar Law University and Tamil Virtual University further highlighted his commitment to education and social progress.
Karunanidhi's tenure saw the introduction of the Farmers Market Scheme and the complete coverage of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in the state, ensuring food security. These initiatives collectively reflect his enduring legacy as a leader who championed social justice, education, and welfare for all in Tamil Nadu.
As we reflect on M Karunanidhi's legacy, we recognize his role in shaping Tamil Nadu's trajectory. His dedication to social justice, equal rights, and inclusive policies continues to influence the state's ethos.
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