Chinese Link: Intermediate Chinese, Level 2/Part 2 (Mychineselab) [2 ed.] 0205782795, 9780205782796
Chinese Link: Zhongwen Tiandi, Intermediate Chinese, Level 2/Part 2, provides a practical, learner-centered, and enjoyab
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Table of contents :
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Scope and Sequence
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations of Parts of Speech
Lesson 11 Caring for Others
Lesson 12 Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
Review Lesson 11 to Lesson 12
Lesson 13 Expressing Anger
Lesson 14 Prose and Poetic Expressions
Review Lesson 13 to Lesson 14
Lesson 15 Music – Review
Lesson 16 Etiquette and Manners
Review Lesson 15 to Lesson 16
Lesson 17 Applying for a Job
Lesson 18 The Interview
Review Lesson 17 to Lesson 18
Lesson 19 Choosing a Job
Lesson 20 After Graduation – Review
Review Lesson 19 to Lesson 20
Traditional/Simplified Character Table
English Translations of Language in Use
Language in Use with Pinyin
Pinyin Glossary
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
P
Q
R
S
T
W
X
Y
Z
English Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Characters in the Character Book
Citation preview
Saves time and improves results! Over 200,000 students use the award-winning MyLanguageLabs online learning and assessment system to succeed in their basic language courses. If your instructor has required use of MyChineseLab, you will have online access to an eText, an interactive Student Activities Manual, audio and video materials, and many more resources to help you succeed. For more information or to purchase access, visit www.mylanguagelabs.com.
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Chinese Link
˛ ̜ ̈ ϴ ZhYng
Wén
TiVn
Dì
Intermediate Chinese Second Edition
Level 2
Part 2
дॖ
ɘ˂ע
Sue-mei Wu
Yueming Yu
Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Executive Acquisitions Editor: Rachel McCoy Editorial Assistant: Lindsay Miglionica Executive Marketing Manager: Kris Ellis-Levy Marketing Coordinator: William J. Bliss Executive Editor, MyLanguageLabs: Bob Hemmer Senior Media Editor: Samantha Alducin Development Editor: Judy Wyman Kelly Development Editor for Assessment: Melissa Marolla Brown Media Editor: Meriel Martinez Senior Managing Editor for Product Development: Mary Rottino Associate Managing Editor: Janice Stangel Production Project Manager: Manuel Echevarria Senior Manufacturing and Operations Manager, Arts and Sciences: Nick Sklitsis Operations Specialist: Brian Mackey Senior Art Director: Pat Smythe Text and Cover Designer: Wanda España, Wee Design Group Cover Image: Jochen Helle Full-Service Project Management: Margaret Chan, Graphicraft Limited Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Publisher: Phil Miller Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on page xxiv. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, 1 Lake St., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 1 Lake St., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. This book was set in 12/15 Sabon by Graphicraft Ltd., Hong Kong, and was printed and bound by Courier – Westford. The cover was printed by Phoenix Color Corp. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wu, Sue-mei, 1968– Chinese link : intermediate Chinese, level 2, part 2 / Sue-mei Wu, Yueming Yu [Zhong wén tian dì / Wu Suemei, Yu Yueming]. p. cm. Parallel title also in Chinese characters. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-205-78279-6 (alk. paper) 1. Chinese language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. I. Yu, Yueming, 1944– II. Title. III. Title: Intermediate Chinese. IV. Title: Zhong wén tian dì. PL1129.E5C4196 2012 495.1`82421—dc22 2010044813 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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͌፣ ͌፣
CONTENTS
Scope and Sequence Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations of Parts of Speech
Lesson 11 Caring for Others Lesson 12 Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
Review Lesson 11 to Lesson 12
Lesson 13 Expressing Anger Lesson 14 Prose and Poetic Expressions
Review Lesson 13 to Lesson 14
Lesson 15 Music – Review Lesson 16 Etiquette and Manners
Review Lesson 15 to Lesson 16
Lesson 17 Applying for a Job
ሒַӕ)ሒַӕ* ܉Ր)܉Ր* ᓂ)ᓂ* චᘸᕏႎ)චᘸᕏႎ*
xxiii
Ɋȹᇾ ᘰ̖͂ʡ Ɋȹᇾ ᘰ̖͂ʡ
321
Ɋɀᇾ ๐ᓂַ๐ጭ Ɋɀᇾ ๐ᓂַ๐ጭ
357
ಈ ʪʙэʪʠ ಈ ʪʙэʪʠ
393
Ɋɍᇾ Ρॉ Ɋɍᇾ Ρॉ
395
Ɋ̒ᇾ ಹַ̜དྀے Ɋ̒ᇾ ಹַ̜དྀے
431
ಈ ʪʭэʪͲ ಈ ʪʭэʪͲ
466
Ɋʄᇾ ࡱᇅ–ಈ Ɋʄᇾ ࡱᇅ–ಈ
469
Ɋʒᇾ រࠛჄ݊ࣈ Ɋʒᇾ រࠛჄ݊ࣈ
501
ಈ ʪˤэʪ˲ ಈ ʪˤэʪ˲
539
Ɋȼᇾ ΧቜˎѰ Ɋȼᇾ ΧቜˎѰ
543
vii xiii xxi
v
vi
Contents
Lesson 18 The Interview
Review Lesson 17 to Lesson 18
Lesson 19 Choosing a Job Lesson 20 After Graduation – Review
Review Lesson 19 to Lesson 20
Traditional/Simplified Character Table English Translations of Language in Use Language in Use with Pinyin Pinyin Glossary English Glossary Characters in the Character Book
ɊɄᇾ ɊɄᇾ
573
ಈ ʪʜэʪʤ ಈ ʪʜэʪʤ
604
ɊȾᇾ ᎵጅˎѰ ɊȾᇾ ᎵጅˎѰ
607
ɀɊᇾ ୳̾–ݣಈ ɀɊᇾ ୳̾–ݣಈ
637
ಈ ʪʞэʠʪ ಈ ʪʞэʠʪ
665
ᒅᕏЅဇັے ᒅᕏЅဇັے ̜࠼̜ᕚᚍ)̜࠼̜ᕚᚍ* ̜)ࡱݹ̜*ࡱݹ ࡱݹষ̕)ࡱݹষ̕* ࠼̜ষ̕)࠼̜ষ̕* ᅸЅᗩڟΡЅ)ᅸЅᗩڟΡЅ*
A1 A3 A14 A50 A62 A75
ᆲѵ ᆲѵ SCOPE AND SEQUENCE Lessons & Topics ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ
Objectives & Communications ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚!৽ݠ ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚ ৽ݠ
11
®
Caring for Others
®
ᗐʶˢɁ ᗐʶˢɁ
®
p. 321
12
®
Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
®
ᑢው ᑢ ው
®
p. 357
®
®
Express concern for others Respond when others show concern for you Describe an unpleasant situation
Express appreciation Reply to/accept another’s thanks Describe a cause-andeffect situation Describe a conditional situation Write thankyou notes and invitations
Grammar ႍؒ߬ᒨ ႍؒ߬ᒨ
Idiom Story ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ
I. Passive sentences A bird ͯ)ͯ* frightened by the mere A. Unmarked twang of a in structure bow (notional passive sense) ˖˞న )˖˞న* B. Marked in structure with , ͩ, or )* II. sentences versus Ӱ sentences
Media Literacy ఌʼΥ ఌʼΥ
Fee for designating specific doctor(s) to perform the surgery
Culture Link ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ
Culture Notes: How the Chinese show concern for others
˛ʡݩᅄےΰ ဇ͂ʡڟᘰ̖! )˛ʡݩᅄے ΰဇ͂ʡڟᘰ̖*
̙ᔈϪ! )̙ᔈϪ* Fun with Chinese: Saying: Έސ᎑Ď ሪސ๒Ą)Έސ ᎑Ďሪސ๒Ą*
Let’s Go: Personal medicine bag Ꮝ
ᗾ͓)Ꮝᗾ͓*
I. Compound Pulling up Friends are Culture Notes: sentences ቒϫͯ the seedling an excellent Giving gifts and to help it remedy thanks ਚᕄַ๐ )ቒϫͯ* grow ސ̄ىՊᗾ! ᓂ)ਚᕄַ๐ᓂ* A. Cause-and҅࠻ئ )ސ̄ىՊᗾ* effect Fun with Chinese: )*҅࠻ئ conjunctions Saying: अ˚໋!ۑ and their )अ˚໋*ۑ compound Let’s Go: Mailing a sentences package ચ͓ქ!
ϰَචַ ϰَቒϫͯ! )ϰَචַ ϰَቒϫͯ*
)ચ͓ქ*
B. Conditional conjunctions and their compound sentences
ନχචַ ନχቒϫͯ! )ନχචַ ନχቒϫͯ* vii
viii
Scope and Sequence
Lessons & Topics ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ
13 Expressing Anger
Objectives & Communications ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚!৽ݠ ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚ ৽ݠ ®
®
ࣩ́ ࣩ́ p. 395 ®
Express anger and make complaints Reply and listen to anger and complaints Seek and provide advice
Grammar ႍؒ߬ᒨ ႍؒ߬ᒨ
I. Pivotal constructions
࢙ჭͯ! )࢙ჭͯ* II. Causative sentences and pivotal constructions
Idiom Story ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ
Shooting two hawks with one arrow
Media Literacy ఌʼΥ ఌʼΥ
The strange scene on Xi’an’s highway
Culture Link ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ
Culture Notes: Chinese fortune telling: another way to seek advice
ʙሐᖖ㎑ љЊఀ˴ ႗ּ)႗ּ* )ʙሐᖖ㎑* ು! Fun with Chinese: )љЊఀ˴ Saying: Ϭᒫސႋ! ು* )Ϭᒫސႋ*
պַ࢙ٲ ჭͯ)պ ַ࢙ٲჭͯ*
Let’s Go: The lunar calendar ཻΕግ!
)ཻΕግ*
III. Summary of interjections
๐ච! )๐ච*
14 Prose and Poetic Expressions
ౙʼੱ ٲ༠ ౙʼ ੱٲ༠
®
®
®
p. 431 ®
Compose a prose essay Sharpen verbal and written communication skills Connect two verbal expressions Express or accept an apology
I. Onomatopoeic words as adverbials or attributives
To show mutual concern for people in the same boat
Essential Culture Notes: principles for a Famous modern married couple: Chinese prose apologies writers ˛Ф! and good Ϫڟ୪̈́ಹ̜! communication Ѱࣜ)˛Ф! ̉ཾ˞ē! Ϫڟ୪̈́ಹ̜!
ᐣᒐච໋ྺ ჭ)ᐣᒐච໋ ϣёϓᐼ ྺჭ* )ϣёϓᐼ* ཾ၇̅ຜ! Ѱࣜ* II. Conjunction )̉ཾ˞ē Fun with Chinese: ދ//////ʬ ཾ၇̅ຜ* Saying: ˛ݨΡೃ! III. Summary of )˛ݨΡೃ* topic-comment sentences
Let’s Go: A rainy scene ҉˛ۦು!
)҉˛ۦು*
Scope and Sequence
Lessons & Topics ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ
15
Objectives & Communications ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚!৽ݠ ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚ ৽ݠ ®
Music – Review
ࠑᅥ–నୌ ࠑᅥ–నୌ
®
p. 469 ®
®
16 Etiquette and Manners
®
®
ၤ۪ࡨ ၤ۪ ࡨ p. 501
®
Request favors and respond to requests for favors Understand Chinese omissions Format email messages Review— passive sentences and conjunctions
Grammar ႍؒ߬ᒨ ႍؒ߬ᒨ
Idiom Story ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ
Media Literacy ఌʼΥ ఌʼΥ
I. Review: Passive To mend the Saving pandas sentences stall after a ૿ށၪᎥ! sheep is lost )૿ށၪᎥ* II. Review: Conjunctions (1) ʹрང )ʹрང* III. Omissions in Chinese
Give and reply I. Emphasis in to compliments Chinese sentences Say goodbye to guests and II. Summary: hosts in an Serial verb appropriate constructions manner Use emphasis in conversations
ix
Culture Link ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ
Culture Notes: Traditional and contemporary music จַ୪
̈́ࡱᇅ)จַ ୪̈́ࡱᇅ* Fun with Chinese: Saying: ФഒᏎ!
)ФഒᏎ* Let’s Go: Art performance
ᗺ။͎! )ᗺ။͎* To beat the drum once to boost morale
Do kids really need to attend after-school learning centers?
ʙ࿂Ѱॉ )ʙ࿂Ѱॉ* ངॲڟ ۨʰ˚͟ ฝĔ)ངॲ ۨڟʰ˚ ͟ฝĔ*
Culture Notes: Chinese Etiquette
˛ࣈ݊ڟབྷ! )˛ࣈ݊ڟབྷ* Fun with Chinese: Saying: ᕄϻʡ˚
؏)ᕄϻʡ˚؏* Let’s Go: Invitation to a university anniversary celebration
मᆊቜ!ޛ )मᆊቜ*ޛ
x
Scope and Sequence
Lessons & Topics ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ
17 Applying for a Job
͇ᇼɮА ͇ᇼɮА
Objectives & Communications ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚!৽ݠ ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚ ৽ݠ ®
®
®
Grammar ႍؒ߬ᒨ ႍؒ߬ᒨ
Ask a rhetorical I. Rhetorical question questions Describe II. Words and procedures expressions indicating Compose a procedures Chinese résumé
p. 543
Idiom Story ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ
A person in the State of Qi worries that the sky may fall
Media Literacy ఌʼΥ ఌʼΥ
Culture Link ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ
Number of Culture Notes: people seeking The surge in jobs rises in the Chinese students third quarter studying overseas
ʭݙןԑᕛ ˛˃ደΡ!ڟ ԉʡᆏ̈ ʡᆵʰ̀! ͎ᇥ)˛˃ )ԉʡᆏ̈* )ʭݙןԑᕛ ደΡ͎ڟᇥ* ʡᆵʰ̀* Fun with Chinese: Saying: ձࢍ రĎٍ̤ͫࡳ! )ձࢍరĎ! ٍ̤ͫࡳ* Let’s Go: Résumé/ Curriculum Vitae (C.V.) ʡᕏጣ!
)ʡᕏጣ*
18
®
The Interview
ࠍᇹ ࠍᇹ
®
p. 573 ®
®
Market oneself for a job interview Participate in a job interview Review conjunctions Express approximation
I. Review: Conjunctions (2) II. Expressions indicating approximation
To pretend to play a musical instrument in a group just to round out the number
Opening ceremony for college graduate employment services week
Culture Notes: The service industry in China
˛ڟʭ୰! )˛ڟʭ ୰*
म୳Ρ Fun with Chinese: ౷وਜ਼ֺ Saying: ̩ཿьᕨ! ᑀࠑ͈ᆵ ဍ)म୳ )̩ཿьᕨ* )ᑀࠑ͈ᆵ* Ρ౷ وLet’s Go: Job services ਜ਼ֺဍ* advertisement أ༒ᆄҙ! )أ༒ᆄҙ*
Scope and Sequence
Lessons & Topics ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ ᇾೡ & ˚ᕀ
19 Choosing a Job
Objectives & Communications ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚!৽ݠ ઠነ͌ᅟ & ͚ ৽ݠ
Grammar ႍؒ߬ᒨ ႍؒ߬ᒨ
Describe choices Express agreement or disagreement Use emphasis Discuss job benefits
I. Adverbs expressing tone of voice/mood: *ܓ)ܓ, ࢇ,
®
®
ፕእɮА ፕእɮА
®
p. 607
®
֗)Հత0! தՀ*\)Հత0! தՀ*^ II. Conjunction
־ഓ III. Emphasis in Chinese sentences
Idiom Story ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ
Media Literacy ఌʼΥ ఌʼΥ
After Graduation – Review
ଓพ˞–܃ నୌ ଓพ ˞–܃నୌ p. 637
® ®
®
®
Ask for advice Talk about the future Review conjunctions Review prepositions
I. Review: To show Nursing major Conjunctions (3) off one’s favored by male students Ⴤ֏//////˚Ѓ! carpentry मᛖ୩ટ )Ⴤ֏//////˚Ѓ*Ď! skills in ҉պ//////ʶ//////Ď front of ֧֗ԸΡ ދഓ//////౷//////Ď! Lu Ban ۧ)मᛖ //////Ď̾ѻ////// ॲ۞ә غ୩ટ֧֗ )ॲ۞ә *غԸΡۧ* II. Review: Prepositions ဇ)ဇ*, ߏ)ߏ*,
൝)൝*
Culture Link ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ
Saiweng lost Narrating Culture Notes: his horse the story Foreign businesses of what you in China ˛ڟ ฬৄͶ encountered on )ฬৄͶ* ʹཥό)˛ the job market ʹڟཥό* ᒿࡘѱᕛ Fun with Chinese: ˛ވڟձ! Saying: л̏ࠐ )ᒿࡘѱᕛ ᏞĎԁʙԏĄ! ˛ވڟձ* )л̏ࠐᏞĎ! ԁʙԏĄ* Let’s Go: Bank advertisement
ۨ//////˚͟
20
xi
ᄚїᆄҙ! )ᄚїᆄҙ* Culture Notes: Employment of university graduates in China ˛˃ደ
୳Ρڟ౷! ˃˛)ٷደ ୳Ρڟ౷! *ٷ Fun with Chinese: Saying: Ϭુ࠵! ˛࠵Ď̟ߏʡ! ʰʡĄ)Ϭુ࠵! ˛࠵Ď̟ߏʡ! ʰʡĄ* Let’s Go: Letter of Recommendation
૰ᕨ۬)૰ᕨ۬*
xii
Scope and Sequence
Appendices
ᒅᕏЅဇັ)ےᒅᕏЅဇັ *ےp. A1 English Translations of Language in Use ̜࠼̜ᕚᚍ)̜࠼̜ᕚᚍ* p. A3 Language in Use with Pinyin ̜)ࡱݹ̜ *ࡱݹp. A14 Pinyin Glossary ࡱݹষ̕)ࡱݹষ̕* p. A50 English Glossary ࠼̜ষ̕)࠼̜ষ̕* p. A62 Characters in the Character Book ᅸЅᗩڟΡЅ)ᅸЅᗩڟΡЅ* p. A75 Traditional/Simplified Character Table
کӰ کӰ
PREFACE
CHINESE LINK: Zhongwen Tiandi ɻʼʨΔ (Intermediate Chinese) serves as the intermediate level in the Chinese Link: ˛̜̈ϴ program. This series systematically emphasizes and integrates the “5Cs” principles of the National Standards for Foreign Language Education—Communication, Cultures, Comparisons, Connections, and Communities—throughout the program. The intermediate curriculum encompasses 20 lessons. It is designed to be completed in an academic year of college-level study. This intermediate level program is designed to be well linked to the introductory level program by continuing to provide a practical, learner-centered, and enjoyable language and culture learning experience for intermediate level Chinese learners, as well as an efficient and comprehensive teaching resource for instructors. While learners of Chinese at the intermediate level need to continue to build their mastery of commonly used vocabulary and grammatical structures, they also need to begin to train for advanced level language usage. Thus, there are two main goals for the intermediate level program: 1. The first goal is to continue to systematically build learners’ abilities in the four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing so that they can reach the intermediate level of competence. The content and exercises in the intermediate level program build upon what has been studied in the introductory level program, gradually adding more sophisticated vocabulary and grammatical structures. Frequent consolidation and review exercises are included. 2. The second goal is to help the learners to get ready for advanced Chinese study by introducing formal and written expressions and increasing students’ “media literacy.” This is accomplished by providing exposure to common Chinese idioms and the stories behind them, and by including texts written in the style of newspaper, magazines, and Internet news articles.
What’s New to this Edition Thanks to the many instructors and students who provided valuable feedback on the first edition, the second edition incorporates several new features that we believe will make the materials more effective and easier to use. These new features are highlighted below: 1. In General UÊ Lessons have been revisited to provide greater balance among lessons, add more review and recycling of materials, enhance consistency, and emphasize student outcomes. More engaging and communicative exercises for learners have been added, and several of the Culture Notes have been updated.
xiii
xiv
Preface
2. Full-Color Design U The use of a full-color design makes the text more appealing to today’s learners by providing them with realistic images of China today and provides a clear delineation between various items within the chapter. 3. Lesson Opener U Opening photos have been updated to show students more contemporary photos of China that also highlight the theme of the chapter. U A new “Connections and Communities Preview” section has been added to help learners make connections to their daily life and build links among their communities. Questions focus on the lesson and Culture Link themes. 4. Sentence Patterns U Key grammar points in the Sentence Pattern section are now highlighted to show the grammar in context and make it more explicit for the students. 5. Language Notes U “Language Notes” are now in the margin next to the “Language in Use” dialogues, rather than in a separate section, to make them easier for students to reference while reading the dialogue. 6. Grammar U Grammar explanations have been simplified to help learners more easily understand concepts. U A new “Try it!” section has been added to provide guided communicative practice and reinforcement immediately following grammar presentation. 7. Supplementary Practice U New questions have been added to aid students’ reading comprehension of the supplementary texts. 8. Activities U Activities have been updated and additional communicative activities have been added to the end of each chapter to support the aim of the text to help develop students’ communicative competence. 9. Culture Notes U Culture Notes, thematically linked to the content of the lesson, have been updated with new information and some new topics to ensure they will be of interest to today’s students. U A “Do You Know . . .” section of introductory questions has been added before the reading to engage student motivation, attention, and interest before reading the Culture Notes. U Comparison questions following the reading help learners compare their own culture to Chinese culture and discuss the differences or similarities. Questions also encourage discussion on issues related to the readings and lesson’s theme.
Preface
xv
U Photos have been updated to present scenes related to the reading. Captions encourage students to reflect upon the information learned in the reading. 10. Fun with Chinese U New activity questions have been added to highlight familiar words in the sayings and to help students to connect real-life situations with the sayings. 11. Let’s Go! U Information and activities have been updated to further the connection to the lesson’s theme. 12. Student Activities Manual U The Student Activities Manual incorporates listening, character, grammar, and comprehensive exercises into each lesson’s homework. U Situational dialogues have been created for each lesson to incorporate themes, expressions, and pragmatic settings of the lesson. Dialogues also contain some vocabulary and expressions that students have not yet studied. U More challenging and authentic materials have been added to the listening exercises. The situational dialogues will challenge students from the very beginning and help them develop the skill of picking out useful information, even if they don’t fully understand everything they hear. This helps develop an important survival skill for students who will encounter real life settings in Chinese societies through study abroad, travel, or interaction with Chinese communities in their own countries. U A new “Progress Checklist” has been added to the end of each SAM chapter so that students can monitor their progress and the accomplishment of lesson goals and language competencies in each lesson. 13. Character Book U The character exercises have been put into a separate volume to make it more convenient and efficient for students to work with characters. U The Character Book provides the Chinese characters for the core vocabulary in every lesson to help student practice writing chinese characters. U Both traditional and simplified characters are included, thus making the learning of both forms easy for the students. U Blank boxes are also included for students to practice writing the character. U As a handy reference, four types of glossaries are provided in the Character Book: (1) By number of strokes; (2) By Lesson number; (3) Alphabetical by Pinyin; (4) Common Radicals. 14. MyChineseLab™ U My MyChineseLab™, part of the award-winning Pearson’s MyLanguageLabs™ suite, is a nationally hosted online learning system created for students and instructors of language courses. It brings together, in one convenient, easily navigable site, a wide array of language-learning tools and resources, including an electronic interactive version of the Chinese Link student text, Student Activities Manual, downloadable PDFs of the
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Character Book, a file of the artwork in the text, and all materials from the audio programs. Readiness checks, chapter tests, and grammar tutorials personalize instruction to meet the unique needs of individual students. Instructors can use the system to make assignments, set grading parameters, listen to student-created audio recordings, and provide feedback on student work. Instructor access codes to MyChineseLab™ are available for purchase. Take a tour! Visit www.mylanguagelabs.com.
Features of CHINESE LINK: ɻʼʨΔ (Intermediate Chinese) U The 5Cs (National Standards) are addressed consistently throughout the content, exercises, and homework in the intermediate level program. U Clearly and systematically linked to the introductory level program. This helps Chinese learners reuse and review what they have learned, as well as continue to develop their skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing for daily communication. U Topics are selected to be interesting and practical from the students’ point of view. Topics in the intermediate level program are expanded to more abstract and more societal phenomena to help learners better understand current Chinese society and be able to discuss, compare, and analyze cultural differences. Learners will also be exposed to various communicative situations that require them to develop and use skills such as basic summary, description, discussion, debate, and report. U While equal emphasis is still given to both vocabulary and grammatical structures, students are guided to write longer and more cohesive essays in Chinese. U Students learn to build from words and phrases, to sentences and cohesive passages, and then to application in communicative tasks. U The grammar points and core vocabulary are presented naturally in the main texts. The main texts, in turn, provide model situations in which the grammar and vocabulary for each lesson are integrated into realistic communicative situations. U Care has been taken to indicate regional differences in Chinese societies in expressions, pronunciation, and culture notes.
Highlights of the Differences between the Introductory and Intermediate Level Programs Much of the lesson structure and pedagogical strategy of the introductory program has been incorporated in the intermediate level program. Key differences between these programs are summarized below: U In the intermediate level the texts and examples are provided in both traditional and simplified characters in order to accommodate different users’ needs and preferences. U In order to help the learners become accustomed to reading Chinese characters without phonetic transliteration, in the intermediate level the Pinyin has been removed from under the characters in the core lesson texts. However, a Pinyin version of Language In Use section has been placed in an appendix for reference.
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U An Idiom Story passage is provided as an interesting way to introduce Chinese history and traditions and expose learners to important formal and written expressions. Exercises are provided and are designed to link the learner’s comprehension of the text to his/her personal experiences and opinions. U Media Literacy is promoted in the intermediate level textbook through various channels such as idiom stories and articles written in the style of newspapers, magazines, and the internet. U Review lessons follow every two lessons. These are specifically designed as grammar summary, review, and consolidation lessons. They require learners to apply what they have learned to interesting and practical communicative situations.
Organization of the Textbook The intermediate level program is divided into two volumes: Level 2, Part 1 (Lesson 1 to Lesson 10) and Level 2, Part 2 (Lesson 11 to Lesson 20). Both volumes contain the Core lessons and Appendices. Core Lessons U Lesson Opening: Lesson objectives, related photo, and Connections and Communities Preview section. The major sections of each lesson are described below: U Core Vocabulary: Core vocabulary terms, which appear in the Language Link section, are introduced here. For each vocabulary item, traditional and simplified character forms are presented along with Pinyin pronunciation, grammatical function, and English meaning. This section also points out differences between Mainland China and Taiwan usage. U Language Link: This section contains situations that incorporate the lesson’s core vocabulary and grammar points. It is accompanied by an art program that adds context and makes the lesson more interesting. Language Link serves as a model of the correct usage of the vocabulary and grammar points introduced in the lesson. Notes are provided to further explain the text. For most of the lessons, Language Link includes dialogues; for some selections it includes essays, diaries, e-mail, and letters. The length of Language Link is carefully controlled, and gradually increases to provide pedagogical sufficiency and challenge. U Grammar: Core Grammar points from Language Link are explained in this section. A broad variety of more advanced grammar points and expressions is introduced in order to strengthen students’ ability to express themselves in Chinese. The Grammar section contains many examples and summary tables to organize the information for students. The intermediate level program also emphasizes frequent and systematic review, summarization, and consolidation of grammatical structures throughout the content and exercises. U Supplementary Practice: Each lesson has a Supplementary Practice section with themes, vocabulary, and grammar similar to those found in Language Link. This allows students to practice immediately what they have learned from their study of the main text. Care has
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U
U
U
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been taken to use a different format from that found in Language Link. For example, if Language Link contains a dialogue, Supplementary Practice will include a prose format, and vice versa. The pedagogical purpose is to help students learn to use vocabulary and grammar structures in varying forms of communication. Idiom Story is carefully chosen and written to consolidate the core grammar points of that lesson. Its purpose is to introduce students to the rich Chinese cultural and literary tradition while reviewing what they have learned in yet another interesting way. Media Literacy texts, which are incorporated into Lessons 11–20, are short texts written in the style of newspapers, magazines, and Internet news articles. These texts introduce students to the formal grammatical structures common in these written genres. Exercises in this section include text skimming, comparing written and spoken expressions, translation, and finding examples of the lesson’s grammar points in the article. This section will not only promote students’ media literacy skills, but will also give them motivation and confidence toward becoming life-long independent readers of Chinese. Activities: This section is designed primarily for classroom use. Listening, character, grammar, and communicative exercises are included throughout the text. Care has been taken to provide balance between structural drills and real-life communicative tasks. The exercises integrate with the grammar points to provide a systematic extension of usage skills from vocabulary-item level to sentence level and on to discourse-level narration and description. Since these exercises are for class meeting time, they are designed to be dynamic and interactive. Most involve interaction between instructor and students, student and student, or group and group. Communicative activities are based on situations designed to elicit the grammar points and vocabulary students have learned in the lesson and in prior lessons. Visual aids are provided to help set the context for the communicative activities. Our goal in providing classroom exercises is to help save instructor time, which makes the text convenient and efficient for instructors to use. Culture Link: This section contains three components: U Culture Notes: The topics of the Culture Notes are carefully chosen to relate to those of the core lessons. It is hoped that the Culture Notes will help students to better understand Chinese societies, as well as how language reflects culture. Authentic photos are provided to create a vivid and interesting learning experience. The discussion questions are designed to encourage students to discuss and compare cultural differences by helping them to be aware of the features of their own culture while gaining understanding of other cultures. U Fun with Chinese: This section introduces a common slang expression, an idiom, or a motto that either utilizes new vocabulary presented in the lesson or is closely related to the theme of the lesson. Drawings are included to help students better understand the content in an eye-catching way. Discussion questions are provided to offer another fun way to relate the common Chinese expressions to the theme of the lesson. U Let’s Go!: This section gives students an opportunity to interact with Chinese in an authentic context. It assists the students to connect themselves to authentic Chinese societies and communities. This section promotes students’ motivation and helps them develop survival skills for life in authentic Chinese societies.
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Appendices The appendices serve as a learning resource for both students and teachers. They can also be used for review exercises in class or for self-study. The Appendices include the following: U U U U U
Traditional/Simplified Character Table English Translations of Language in Use Language in Use with Pinyin Glossaries (Pinyin and English) Characters in the Character Book
Program Components Instructor Resources Instructor’s Resource Manual The Instructor’s Resource Manual provides sample syllabi, daily schedules, and the answer keys for in-class and homework exercises. This manual is available for download on the Instructor Resource Center (IRC) and MyChineseLab to qualified adopters. Upon adoption or to preview the online resources, please go to PearsonSchool.com/Access_Request and select “Online Teacher Supplements.” You will be required to complete a one-time registration subject to verification. Upon verification of educator status, access information and instructions will be sent via e-mail. Testing Program A highly flexible testing program allows instructors to customize tests by selecting the modules they wish to use or by changing individual items. This complete testing program, available in electronic format via the IRC and MyChineseLab includes quizzes, chapter tests, and comprehensive examinations that tests speaking, reading, and writing skills as well as grammar, vocabulary, and cultural knowledge. For all elements in the testing program, detailed grading guidelines are provided. Student Resources Student Activities Manual The Student Activities Manual contains homework assignments for each lesson in the main textbook. Homework activities are divided among listening, character recognition and writing, grammar exercises, and communicative tasks. Character Book The Character Book provides the Chinese characters for the core vocabulary in every lesson. It shows the following for each character: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Character with its stroke order indicated by numbers. Traditional form of the character. Simplified form of the character. Pinyin pronunciation, grammatical usage, and sample sentences or phrases.
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5. Stroke order illustrated by writing the character progressively. 6. Radical of the character with its Pinyin pronunciation and meaning. 7. Dotted graph lines to aid students’ practice. Blank boxes are also included for students to practice writing the character. As a handy reference, four types of glossaries are provided in the Character Book: (1) By number of strokes; (2) By Lesson number; (3) Alphabetical by Pinyin; (4) Common Radicals. Audio Materials The audio recording for all the lesson’s texts, vocabulary, listening exercises, as well as listening exercises in the Student Activities Manual are provided in audio program either via the CW, CD’s, or MyChineseLab. Online Resources Companion Web site, This open-access robust site offers the resources to accompany the text, including parts of the audio program. MyChineseLab™ Over 200,000 students use the award-winning MyLanguageLabs online learning and assessment system to succeed in their basic language courses. If your instructor has required use of MyChineseLab, you will have online access to an eText, an interactive Student Activities Manual, audio and video materials, and many more resources to help you succeed. For more information or to purchase access, visit www.mylanguagelabs.com.
ߎᑢ ߎᑢ
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are very happy to complete the Chinese Link: ˛̜̈ϴ (Intermediate Chinese), second edition. We would like to take this opportunity to thank many individuals who offered us support, suggestions, and encouragement, all of which led to the improvement and development of this edition. We are especially grateful to the folks at Pearson Education’s World Languages team for bringing their talent and professional publishing experience to the Chinese Link project. Many thanks to: Rachel McCoy, Executive Acquisitions Editor, for her commitment and confidence to the Chinese Link program; Phil Miller, Publisher, for his support of Chinese Link; and Lindsay Miglionica, Editorial Assistant, for helping with every aspect of preparing the revision and ensuring the manuscripts were ready for production. Mary Rottino, Senior Managing Editor for Product Development, Janice Stangel, Associate Managing Editor, and Manuel Echevarria, Production Project Manager, have been wonderful conduits for channeling the vision of the second edition through development and into the final phase of production. Thanks also to Meriel Martinez, Media Editor, for carefully overseeing the production of the Audio program and Companion Web Site; Melissa Marolla Brown, Development Editor for Assessment, for providing guidance in preparing various manuscripts for MyChineseLab™; Samantha Alducin, Senior Media Editor, and Bob Hemmer, Executive Editor for MyLanguageLabs, for their skillful management of the excellent media products in MyChineseLab™; and Judy Wyman Kelly, Development Editor, who provided some suggestions that enabled this second edition to be more outstanding than the first. And a big thanks to our marketing team for their wonderful promotion of the second edition, Kris Ellis-Levy, Executive Marketing Manager, and William J. Bliss, Marketing Coordinator. Our sincere appreciation goes to Margaret Chan, Project Manager, and her Graphicraft team members. Their hard work and dedication helped this project to reach final production. Thanks to Mark Haney for his assistance with English proofreading of the manuscript during the many different stages of preparation. With Mark’s devotion and patience, the Chinese Link project moved along smoothly. We wish to thank our families, without whose love and support this project would not have been possible. Many thanks to our husbands, Mark and Denny, for their patience and support. Thanks also to the Chinese Link Program lead author, Dr. Sue-mei Wu’s children, Carrie, Marion, and baby Kevin, for their love and for giving up a lot of time with their mom so that this project could be completed. We extend our sincere thanks and appreciation to the colleagues who reviewed the manuscript and provided valuable input. Their detailed comments and insightful suggestions helped us to further refine our manuscript. Hsiu-hsien Chan – Yale University Pei-Chia Chen – University of California, San Diego Matthew B. Christensen – Brigham Young University xxi
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Acknowledgments
Doris Chun – City College of San Francisco I-Ping Fu – Radford University & Virginia Tech Wayne Wenchao He – The University of Rhode Island Michael Gibbs Hill – University of South Carolina Wenze Hu – US Naval Academy, MD Alexander C. Y. Huang – Pennsylvania State University Dela Xiao Jiao – New York University Julia Hongwei Kessel – New Trier High School, IL Wen-Chao Li – San Francisco State University Hua-Fu Liu – San Jose City College Weihsun Mao – Ohlone College Kitty Shek – San Joaquin Delta College Chao-mei Shen – Rice University, TX Cindy Lee Shih – University of Arizona, Tucson Mary-Ann Stadtler-Chester – Framingham State College, MA Hongyin Tao – University of California, Los Angeles Jean Wu – University of Oregon Yun Xiao – Bryant University John Yu – The City University of New York, Baruch College Zheng-sheng Zhang – San Diego State University
Sue-mei Wu Ҕশࠛ, Ph.D. Lead author of Chinese Link Teaching Professor of Chinese Studies Carnegie Mellon University
ീᗘᓯီ ീᗘᓯီ ABBREVIATIONS OF PARTS OF SPEECH Adj.
adjective!
Ӝ࣠ච)Ӝ࣠ච* [xíngróngcí]
Adv. adverb!
ਖ਼ච)ਖ਼ච* [fùcí]
Aux. auxiliary verb! (helping verb)
҅ච)҅ච*
Conj. conjunction!
ච)ච* [liáncí] ච)ච* [tàncí] ුච)ුච* [liàngcí]
Int.
interjection!
M.W. measure word!! (or classifier) N.
noun!
Ё [h`o] (good) ࠛ [mai] (beautiful) e.g., [ ݞhan] (very) ʶ [ya] (also) e.g., )* [hui] (can) e.g.,
[zhùdòngcí]
͟[ ސkashì] (but) e.g., ੭ [a] (Ah?) e.g., Ώ [ban] (used when e.g.,
counting books)
Ϫච)Ϫච* [míngcí]
e.g.,
тࣱ)тࣱ* [laoshX] (teacher) प)प* [shZ] (book)
Num. numeral!
ᆵච)ᆵච* [shùcí]
Part. particle!! (word with grammatical function)
҅ච)҅ච* [zhùcí]
Prep. preposition!
˭ච)˭ච* [jiècí]
Pron. pronoun!
̈́ච)̈́ච* [dàicí]
V.
verb!
V.O. verb object!
ʠ [èr] (two) ʪ [shí] (ten) e.g., ฝ)ฝ* [ma] (a word that
e.g.,
turns a sentence into a question)
ච)ච* [dòngcí]
ჽ)ჽ* [dòng bXn]
ϵ [zài] (in; at) ૃ)ૃ* [cóng] (from) e.g., ѱ [nb] (you) ͂ [tV] (he) e.g., ደ)ደ* [xué] (to study) ჳ)ჳ* [shuY] (to speak) ව [p`o] (to run) e.g., ჳ˛̜)ჳ˛̜* e.g.,
[shuY ZhYngwén] (to speak Chinese) V.C.
verb complement!
ང)ང* [dòng bd]
e.g.,
྆վ)྆վ* [bVn guò lái] (to move over) Έক [d` pò] (to hit, broken) xxiii
圖片供應者 (圖片供應者) PHOTO CREDITS Cover photo: David Mager\Pearson Learning Photo Studio; page 321: Alan Oddie\PhotoEdit Inc.; page 352 (left): Nigel Hicks © Dorling Kindersley; page 352 (right): Blend Images/Glow Images; page 357: Lawrence Migdale\Lawrence Migdale/Pix; page 388 (left): Ryan McVay\ Getty Images, Inc.—Photodisc./Royalty Free; page 388 (right): TEK Image\Photo Researchers, Inc.; page 395: EyeWire Collection\Getty Images—Photodisc-Royalty Free; page 427 (top): Dave G. Houser\CORBIS—NY; page 427 (bottom): Eddie Gerald © Dorling Kindersley; page 431: Tom Wang/Shutterstock; page 462 (left): Sovfoto/Eastfoto; page 462 (right): Cary Wolinsky\Aurora Photos, Inc.; page 469: Chris Christodoulou\Lebrecht Music & Arts Photo Library; page 498 (left): David Allan Brandt\Getty Images, Inc. / Riser; page 498 (right): Blend Images/SuperStock; page 501: Chen Chao © Dorling Kindersley; page 535 (top): Keren Su\Stock Boston; page 535 (bottom): Getty Images, Inc.—PhotoDisc; page 543: zhu difeng/ Shutterstock; page 569 (left): Michael Newman\PhotoEdit Inc.; page 569 (right): Brand New Images/Getty Images; page 573: Photo by CNImaging/Newscom; page 600 (top): Cary Wolinsky\Aurora Photos, Inc.; page 600 (bottom): Amana Images/Glow Images; page 607: Chinatopix\AP Wide World Photos; page 634 (left): Imaginechina\AP Wide World Photos; page 634 (right): Eugene Hoshiko\AP Wide World Photos; page 637: © China Photos/Getty News/Getty Images, Inc.; page 661 (left): AP/Wide World Photos; page 661 (right): Getty Images, Inc.
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Ɋȹᇾ Ɋȹᇾ L E S S O N
ᗐʶˢɁ ᗐʶˢɁ
Caring for Others
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. What are the common expressions in your culture to show concern for others? 2. How do you typically show concern for others?
Caring for others is an important part of Chinese culture.
ઠነ͌ᅟ ઠነ͌ᅟ OBJECTIVES ®
Express concern for others
®
Respond when others show concern for you
®
Describe an unpleasant situation
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Caring for Others
́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
1.
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
bèi
Prep.
(introduces the agent in a passive sentence)
N.
quilt
2.
ў
ў
zhùyuàn
V.O.
to be hospitalized
3.
ັ᛫
ັ᛫
zhàogu
V.
to look after, give consideration to
4.
֗
֗
dàodb
Adv.
at last, finally, after all (used in an interrogative sentence to indicate an attempt to get to the bottom of the matter)
5.
ϱ
ϱ
huí
V.
to return, reply
M.W.
(measure word for indicating the frequency of action), (measure word [spoken form] for matters)
6.
ࢸ
ࢸ
ài
Int.
(a sigh of sadness or regret)
7.
ձ
ձ
shìqíng
N.
matter
8.
༄྆
༄྆
jXngguò
N.
process
9.
Ո˅
Ո˅
dùzi
N.
belly
10.
̾ߏ
̾ߏ
ybwéi
V.
to think, consider
11.
႓
႓
gu`n
V.
to mind, control
12.
ش
ش
tuY
V.
to delay, pull, drag
13.
ᅗࣛ
ᅗࣛ
lìhai
Adj.
severe
14.
֧˚ʟ
֧˚ʟ
shòubuli`o
Adj.
not be able to bear
Lesson 11
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
®
Caring for Others
e^cn^c
15.
ࢤЁ
ࢤЁ
gVngh`o
Adv.
it so happened that, just
16.
ٷ
ٷ
qíngkuàng
N.
situation
17.
૿ᛖՙ
૿ᛖՙ
jiùhùchW
N.
ambulance
18.
ݨඨ݉
ݨඨ݉
jízhanshì
N.
emergency room
19.
ؒݨ
ؒݨ
jíxìng
N.
acute
20.
ڡ༗ڇ )ᓱӎ*ڇ
ڡ༗ڇ )ᓱӎ*ڇ
mángchángyán
N.
appendicitis
21.
ʦ
ʦ
kVidVo
V.O.
(spoken form) to perform or have an operation
22.
̙
̙
dòng shcushù
V.O.
to have a surgical operation
23.
ᐃЫ
ᐃЫ
xiàsb
V.C.
to be scared to death
24.
̙݉
̙݉
shcushùshì
N.
operating room
25.
ጊ̖
ጊ̖
dVnxXn
V.
to worry, feel anxious
26.
ї
ї
jìnxíng
V.
to be in progress
27.
ҁ
ҁ
shùnlì
Adv.
smoothly
28.
ᛖˁ
ᛖˁ
hùshì
N.
nurse
29.
૰
૰
tuX
N.
to push
30.
ॾؘ
ॾؘ
bìngfáng
N.
ward (of a hospital)
31.
τኴ
τኴ
xiZy`ng
V.
to recuperate
32.
ڣ
ڣ
tYngzhX
V.
to notify, inform
33.
ࣜʡ
ࣜʡ
jiVrén
N.
family members
34.
ؐ
ؐ
pà
V.
to fear, be afraid of
(lánwaiyán)
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Lesson 11
igVY^i^dcVa
®
Caring for Others
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
35.
ಸ
ಸ
g`n
V.
to dare
36.
ൖԂ
ൖԂ
jiéshù
V.
to end, finish
37.
˚ࡌႧ
˚ࡌႧ
búyàojbn
38.
ሪ
ሪ
mà
V.
to scold
39.
ླ
ླ
dùn
M.W.
(measure word for meals or scolds)
40.
ᘰ̖!
ᘰ̖!
guVnxXn
V.
to be concerned about
N.
concern
Adj.
to be in a sorry situation
V.
to feel sorry for, to take pity on
41.
͟ᆕ
͟ᆕ
kalián
it doesn’t matter, it’s not serious
42.
̮Δ
̮Δ
fùmd
N.
father and mother
43.
ቜ
ቜ
qbngjià
V.O.
to ask for leave
44.
О̠શಈ О̠શಈ
z`orìkVngfù
get well soon, speedy recovery
ਿΊ ਿΊ Proper Nouns igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ˉᓂ
ˉᓂ
Xi`o Xiè
N.
(name) Little Xie (Xie is the surname). “Xiao Xie” is used to imply that Xiao Xie is younger than the speaker.
2.
લ̈
લ̈
Cháng TiVn
N.
(name) Chang is the surname
3.
ق
ق
MíngxiZ
N.
(name) Mingxiu is the given name
Lesson 11
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Caring for Others
325
ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns
V:! ֗ݩސᅄϱձĔѱݩᅄўʟֹĔ ! ֗ݩސᅄϱձĔѱݩᅄўʟֹĔ Dàodb shì zanme huíshì? Nb zanme zhùyuàn le ne?
W:! ӨڟՈ˅ঃુᅗࣛĎഓݣ౷ਚᖂʟĄ ! ӨڟՈ˅ঃુᅗࣛĎഓݣ౷ਚᖂʟĄ Wcde dùzi téngde lìhai, ránhòu jiù bèi sòngjìn yXyuàn le.
V:! ސѱӰ͂ਚݨඨ݉ʦڟฝĔ ! ސѱӰ͂ਚݨඨ݉ʦڟฝĔ Shì nb b` tV sòngjìn jízhanshì kVidVo de mV?
W:! ڟސĄ̙Ӈʟ̾ݣĎ͂౷ᛖˁ ! ڟސĄ̙Ӈʟ̾ݣĎ͂౷ᛖˁ Shìde. Shcushù wánle ybhòu, tV jiùràng hùshi
! ൝૰ॾؘτኴʟĄ ! ൝૰ॾؘτኴʟĄ
gai tuXjìn bìngfáng xiZy`ng le.
V:! ѱࣜڣʡʟฝĔ͂࢈ʙݨסЫʟĄ ! ѱࣜڣʡʟฝĔ͂࢈ʙݨסЫʟĄ Nb tYngzhX jiVrén le ma? TVmen yídìng jísb le.
W:! ڣʟĄ͟ސĎӨͩ൝ሪʟʙླĎ ! ڣʟĄ͟ސĎӨͩ൝ሪʟʙླĎ TYngzhX le. Kashì, wc jiào mVma gai mà le yídùn,
! ჳӨݩᅄᅄଏ˗ҙටЂĄ ! ჳӨݩᅄᅄଏ˗ҙටЂĄ
shuY wc zanme zhème w`n cái gàosu tV.
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: My Unexpected Stay in Hospital ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
)ˉᓂўʟĎ͂̄݉ڟલ̈ϵठᘞັ᛫͂Ď͂ڟϣደقվʟĄ* قē!ݩᅄᆺĎЁϻʟฝĔ 1. Ԡձ)Ԡձ* ˉᓂē!ЁϻʟĎԠձ1ʟĄѱեᅄДᓙ “Nothing,” “It’s OK,” “Fine.” This phrase ྆վӨĎ˚Ё๎ݦĄ is used frequently in many situations, such 2 as replying to concern by others, or an قē!ࢺڟབྷ ĎЊ౷ЁĄ֗ސ apology, thanks, or gesture of appreciation. ݩᅄϱձ3ĔѱݩᅄўʟֹĔ ˉᓂē!ࢸĕձڟ༄྆ސᆺڟē܉ಁ 2. ࢺڟབྷ)ࢺڟབྷ* ̈Ө౷ᚈુՈ˅˚൲وĎ̾ߏ This is a humble way to reply to thanks or ސϬᖽՈ˅ʟĎϬʟᗾ౷Ё appreciation in Chinese. Literally it means, 4 “Where are the words from?” It implies that ʟĎʶ౷Ԡ႓ͺ ĄѮސФढ receiver does not feel deserving of the ᓙސঃĎشʟʙ֍̈Ą̈܉О the thanks. ʰঃુᅗࣛĎ֧˚ʟʟĄ౷ ᆺĎӨਚᖂʟĄ 3. ݩᅄϱձ)ݩᅄϱձ* લ̈ē!ސҢĕ˛ַقӨࢤЁԠϵࣜĎ “What’s wrong?” ϱ)ϱ* is the measure ͂ঃુᅗࣛĎᚈુ˚ٷဇĎ word for ձ)ձ* (matter), e.g. ʙϱձ! )ʙϱձ*. A relatively more formal measure ౷ʰΈྫབྷͩ૿ᛖՙĎӰ͂ word for ձ)ձ* is “χ)χ*,” e.g. ʙχձ! ਚݨඨ݉͞ʟĄ )ʙχձ*. ˉᓂē!ᖂΡჳڡؒݨސ༗ڇĎࡌʰ ʦĄʙࡌ̙Ď౷ӰӨ! 4. Ԡ႓ͺ)Ԡ႓ͺ* ᐃЫʟĎݞӤӨ౷ਚ̙ “To not pay attention to it,” “not care about it.” ͺ)ͺ* “it” is the third person singular ݉ʟĄ pronoun for inanimate things in Chinese. લ̈ē!Өַ˛قϵʹकጊ̖ڟĎ! ˚྆ᓙЁĎ̙їુݞҁĄ ̙Ӈʟ̾ݣĎ͂౷ᛖˁ൝૰ॾؘτኴʟĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: My Unexpected Stay in Hospital ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
)ˉᓂўʟĎ͂̄݉ڟલ̈ϵठᘞັ᛫͂Ď͂ڟϣደقվʟĄ* قē!ݩᅄᆺĎЁϻʟฝĔ ˉᓂē!ЁϻʟĎԠձ1ʟĄѱեᅄДᓙ྆վӨĎ˚Ё๎ݦĄ قē!ࢺڟབྷ2ĎЊ౷ЁĄ֗ݩސᅄϱձ3ĔѱݩᅄўʟֹĔ ˉᓂē!ࢸĕձڟ༄྆ސᆺڟē܉ಁ̈Ө౷ᚈુՈ˅˚൲وĎ̾ߏސ ϬᖽՈ˅ʟĎϬʟᗾ౷ЁʟĎʶ౷Ԡ႓ͺ4ĄѮސФढᓙސ ঃĎشʟʙ֍̈Ą̈܉ОʰঃુᅗࣛĎ֧˚ʟʟĄ౷ᆺĎӨ ਚᖂʟĄ લ̈ē!ސҢĕ˛ַقӨࢤЁԠϵࣜĎ ͂ঃુᅗࣛĎᚈુ˚ٷဇĎ౷ ʰΈྫབྷͩ૿ᛖՙĎӰ͂ਚݨඨ ݉͞ʟĄ ˉᓂē!ᖂΡჳڡؒݨސ༗ڇĎࡌʰ ʦĄʙࡌ̙Ď౷ӰӨᐃЫʟĎ ݞӤӨ౷ਚ̙݉ʟĄ લ̈ē!Өַ˛قϵʹकጊ̖ڟĎ˚྆ᓙ ЁĎ̙їુݞҁĄ̙Ӈʟ ̾ݣĎ͂౷ᛖˁ൝૰ॾؘτኴ ʟĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: My Unexpected Stay in Hospital ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અɍϛɀɊʒࠒ
قē!ోĕࢨվސᆺڟĄဇʟĎѱࣜڣʡʟฝĔ͂࢈ʙݨסЫʟĄ ˉᓂē!ࢸĕΏվӨؐ͂࢈ጊ̖Ď˚ಸҙට͂࢈Ą̈ޒ̙ൖԂ̾ݣĎ ˗൝ΈྫབྷĎҙටЂ˚ࡌႧʟĎ͟ސЂᓙސጊ̖ુݞĎᓙΡ ॉֹĄӨᓙͩЂϵྫབྷཇ൝ሪʟʙླĎჳӨݩᅄᅄଏ˗ҙට ЂĄ લ̈ē!ѱސᘰ̖ѱ੭ĕ͟ᆕ̈ʮ 5. ͟ᆕ̈ʮ̮Δ̖)͟ᆕ̈ʮ̮Δ̖* ̮Δ̖5ĕѱ͂࢈̈ق౷ࡌᄂ “So sad! The hearts of the world’s parents.” ྆վѱʟĄ It is a common Chinese saying indicating all parents share the same worries and ˉᓂē!ჳڟʶސĄࢸĕӨࡌЁಁޑೈ that cares related to their children. ˚ʰʟĎ͒ݩᅄᎲĔ قē!ደमեᘞĎѱ˚ࡌጊ̖ĎӨᐓ ѱቜڟĄѱЁʟ̾ݣĎӨ࢈ϔᐓѱಈĄ લ̈ē!ސҢĎ୪ϵ౷ѿ႓եᅄϻʟĄѱЁЁϴτኴĎ˗О̠શಈĄ ˉᓂē!ե౷̊ᓂᓂѱ࢈ʟĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: My Unexpected Stay in Hospital ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અɍϛɀɊȼࠒ
قē!ోĕࢨվސᆺڟĄဇʟĎѱࣜڣʡʟฝĔ͂࢈ʙݨסЫʟĄ ˉᓂē!ࢸĕΏվӨؐ͂࢈ጊ̖Ď˚ಸҙට͂࢈Ą̈ޒ̙ൖԂ̾ݣĎ ˗൝ΈྫབྷĎҙටЂ˚ࡌႧʟĎ͟ސЂᓙސጊ̖ુݞĎᓙΡ ॉֹĄӨᓙͩЂϵྫབྷཇ൝ሪʟʙླĎჳӨݩᅄᅄଏ˗ҙට ЂĄ લ̈ē!ѱސᘰ̖ѱ੭ĕ͟ᆕ̈ʮ̮Δ̖5ĕѱ͂࢈̈ق౷ࡌᄂ྆ վѱʟĄ ˉᓂē!ჳڟʶސĄࢸĕӨࡌЁಁޑೈ˚ʰʟĎ͒ݩᅄᎲĔ قē!ደमեᘞĎѱ˚ࡌጊ̖ĎӨᐓѱቜڟĄѱЁʟ̾ݣĎӨ࢈ ϔᐓѱಈĄ લ̈ē!ސҢĎ୪ϵ౷ѿ႓եᅄϻʟĄѱЁЁϴτኴĎ˗О̠શಈĄ ˉᓂē!ե౷̊ᓂᓂѱ࢈ʟĄ
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. ৽̏ ৽̏ Passive Sentences The passive sense in Chinese is similar to English. In Chinese, however, the passive sense sentence commonly occurs in the following two structures: A. Unmarked in structure (notional passive sense.) It usually occurs as a topic-comment sentence. Examples:
ੈЁʟĄ ੈЁʟĄ
The meal is ready.
ѰᅸӇʟĄ ѰᅸӇʟĄ
The assignment is finished.
ᏀۆώʟĄ ᏀۆώʟĄ
The money has all been spent.
۬ચ͎͞ʟĄ ۬ચ͎͞ʟĄ
The letter has been sent out. B. Marked in structure with
, ͩ, or )* to indicate the passive sense.
This is commonly known as the “passive construction.” The passive construction is illustrated below. Object (receiver of action)
)* Subject (doer) )൝* \)൝*^ V. other elements ͩ)ͩ* !൝)൝* )* !൝)൝*
ͩ and )* are more colloquial than . ൝)൝* is optional with but usually is present with ͩ and )* to avoid ambiguity. (That’s because ͩ could mean “to call, to order, to be named,” or could be used as a passive sense marker; )* could mean “to let, to allow,” or could be used as a passive sense marker.)
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Examples:
Өڟᘢ˅ӚӚ)൝*ΈকʟĄ Өڟᘢ˅ӚӚ)൝*ΈকʟĄ Өڟᘢ˅ͩӚӚ൝ΈকʟĄ Өڟᘢ˅ͩӚӚ൝ΈকʟĄ Өڟᘢ˅ӚӚ൝ΈকʟĄ Өڟᘢ˅ӚӚ൝ΈকʟĄ
My mirror was broken by my younger brother. The doer (Subject) is required when using the marker using the marker .
ͩ and )*, but is optional when
Examples:
ՙ˅)т̴*ᆡᖽʟĄ ՙ˅)т̴*ᆡᖽʟĄ
The car was smashed (by Lao Wang).
ՙ˅ͩ0т̴൝ᆡᖽʟĄ ՙ˅ͩ0т̴൝ᆡᖽʟĄ
The car was smashed by Lao Wang. The following are some characteristics of the
sentences:
1. The “doer” is usually introduced or implied.
͂т̴ΈʟĄ ͂т̴ΈʟĄ
He was hit by Lao Wang. (т̴ is the doer)
!
͂ʡΈʟĄ ͂ʡΈʟĄ
He was hit (by someone).
2. It commonly occurs in a narrative sentence to describe how something has happened to the object. For example, ᘢ˅Έকʟ)ᘢ˅Έকʟ* emphasizes that what has happened to the mirror is the result of someone’s action (it has been broken by someone), while ᘢ˅Έকʟ)ᘢ˅Έকʟ* communicates the resulting fact that the mirror is broken.
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3. The doer of the action can be animate or inanimate.
˅ؘ൝ᖽʡጶ ([shVo]: to burn) ώʟĄ ˅ؘ൝ᖽʡጶώʟĄ
The house was burned down by bad people. (ᖽʡ)ᖽʡ* is the doer.)
˅ؘ̬ጶώʟĄ ˅ؘ̬ጶώʟĄ
The house was burned down by fire. (̬ is the doer.) 4. The construction is often used to convey a sense of unhappiness, loss, surprise, or helplessness. Examples: Ê
UÊ 7
iÊÌ
iÊ`iÀÊÃÊÕÜ°
! ! Ê
The money was stolen.
UÊ /ÊVÛiÞÊÃiÌ
}ÊÕvÀÌÕ>ÌiÊÀÊÕ«i>Ã>ÌÊÌ
>ÌÊ
>ÃÊ
>««ii`ÊÌÊÌ
iÊÀiViÛiÀ°
! ! Ê
ᏀʟĄ ᏀʟĄ
ˉڔՙ˅ᆡЫʟĄ ˉڔՙ˅ᆡЫʟĄ
The dog was killed by a car.
UÊ /ÊÃÕ}}iÃÌÊÃÕÀ«ÀÃiÊÀÊ>ÃÌÃ
iÌ°
χձݩᅄ͂ཾڣʟĔ χձݩᅄ͂ཾڣʟĔ How could he know about this matter? Note: Due to influences from the English language, Chinese sometimes has sentences which don’t convey unpleasant situations but for which the construction is used. Example: He was elected as president.
͂Ꮅߏᒂ ([zcngtcng]: president)ʟĄ(with construction) ͂ᎵߏᒂʟĄ ໋͂Ꮅ ([dVngxu`n]: be elected) ߏᒂʟĄ(without construction) ໋͂ᎵߏᒂʟĄ
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5. To negate the construction, ԠФ)ԠФ* is placed before be used. There is no “ʟ” used in the sentence.
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. Note that “˚” cannot
Example:
!
ᏀԠФ ([tYu]: to steal)Ą ᏀԠФĄ The money was not stolen.
6. The construction cannot be used in a command except with the negative imperative particle )˚ࡌĎѿ* (“don’t”) added. Examples:
!
!
ѿ͂ᘿ ([piàn]: to cheat)ʟĄ ѿ͂ᘿʟĄ Don’t be fooled by him.
˚ࡌՎʟĄ ˚ࡌՎʟĄ Don’t be seen!
7. Though the passive sense in Chinese is similar to English, some English passive sentences cannot be translated with the passive construction. Examples: Ê
UÊ º/
ÃÊLÊÜ>ÃÊÜÀÌÌiÊLÞÊ À°Ê7>}°»ÊÊÃiÌiViÊvÊÌ
ÃÊÌÞ«iÊÃ
Õ`ÊLiÊÌÀ>Ã>Ìi`Ê>Ã\
! ! Ώप̴ސϑΡᅸڟĄ ! ! Ώप̴ސϑΡᅸڟĄ ! ! (use the ސ////// ڟpattern to emphasize that it is Mr. Wang who wrote the book) Ê
UÊ º9ÕÀÊV
iVÊ
>ÃÊLiiÊÀiViÛi`°»ÊÊÃiÌiViÊvÊÌ
ÃÊÌÞ«iÊÃ
Õ`ÊLiÊÌÀ>Ã>Ìi`Ê>Ã\
! ! ѱ̛ڟஉН֗ʟĄ ! ! ѱ̛ڟஉН֗ʟĄ ! ! (use topic-comment to convey the passive sense) >> Try
it! With a partner, make two to three passive sentences to describe some unhappy situations. For example,
! !
Өڟ፤ͩאא൝ϬӇʟĄ Өڟ፤ͩאא൝ϬӇʟĄ
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II. Υ̏ҐΥ̏ˈؿ༖ Υ̏ҐΥ̏ˈؿ༖ Sentences versus ҐSentences
Ӱ (first introduced in Chinese Link, Beginning Chinese, Lesson 20) and sentences are often mentioned together for comparison. The similarities and differences between Ӱ and sentences can be summarized as follows: 1. Both Ӱ and sentences indicate the notion of disposal. That is, they indicate that an action has some influence on the object. 2. The subject and object are in different positions in the two types of sentences.
Ӱ sentence: Subject Ӱ Object V. other elements, e.g. (a)
т̴ Ӱ ՙ˅ ቲʟĄ т̴ Ӱ ՙ˅ ቲʟĄ Subject
Object
sentence: Object Subject V. other elements, e.g. (b) ՙ˅ т̴ ቲʟĄ ՙ˅ т̴ ቲʟĄ Object
3. 4.
5.
Subject
Ӱ and sentences can be switched to provide a change in emphasis. sentences usually convey a sense of an unpleasant situation. Ӱ sentences do not convey this sense. In example (b) ՙ˅т̴ቲʟ)ՙ˅т̴ቲʟ*, the use of implies that the car being sold by Lao Wang was not a happy thing. Ӱ is commonly used with commands, but is not. Example:
Ӱՙቲʟĕ ! Ӱՙቲʟĕ Sell the car! As mentioned above, command.
can only be used with the negative imperative ѿ or ˚ࡌ in a
Example:
ѿ)˚ࡌ*ᘿʟĄ ѿ)˚ࡌ*ᘿʟĄ
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6. Perceptual verbs such as Վ)Վ*, Վ)Վ*, and ཾڣcannot be used with the Ӱ construction (for details, please refer to Chinese Link, Beginning Chinese, Lesson 20), but may be used in the construction. Example:
եχձ͂Վ0Վ0ཾڣʟĄ եχձ͂Վ0Վ0ཾڣʟĄ ! (Ӱ cannot be used here.) >> Try
! ! ! !
it! With a partner, change the following Ґ sentences into sentences.
1.! ڍڍӰࢰࢰሪʟʙླĄ
! ڍڍӰࢰࢰሪʟʙླĄ 2.! ͂˄̄ىӰ͂ڟᏀϒۆώʟĄ
! ͂˄̄ىӰ͂ڟᏀϒۆώʟĄ 3.! ᖽʡӰ͂ڟՙᆡᖽʟĄ
! ᖽʡӰ͂ڟՙᆡᖽʟĄ 4.! ˉᎥӰӚӚڟ፤ϬʟĄ
! ˉᎥӰӚӚڟ፤ϬʟĄ
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
A Letter to Teacher Wang: Helping Xiao Xie Ask for Sick Leave ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
̴тࣱĎ ૌЁĄӨ࢈๑ҙටૌˉᓂ̈܉Ρॾ ўऀ॑ڟĄձڟ༄྆ސᆺ˅ڟē ܉ಁ̈͂౷ᚈુՈ˅˚൲وĎ̾ߏސϬ ᖽՈ˅ʟĎʶ౷Ԡ႓ͺĄݣվঃુᅗ ࣛĎ֧˚ʟʟĎ͂౷ਚ͞ᖂʟĄᐮ ͎ޥվĎ˗ڡސཾڣ༗ڇĎࡌʰ ʦĎ˚྆ᓙЁĎ̙їુݞҁĎӨ ࢈ʶڣʟ͂ࣜڟʡĄ͂ː༄ᄂ྆ վັ᛫͂ʟĎૌ˚ጊ̖Ď͂୪ϵː༄ ЊԠձʟĄᖂΡჳϔ྆֍̈Ď͂౷͟ ͎̾ʟĄ͎̾ݣĎ͂ુݟϵࣜཇĎ ЁЁτኴĎ˚͞ʰĄӨ࢈๑ҙටૌ॑ऀĎʶ๑ۯᐓ͂ቜ Ą ᓂᓂĄ ! !
ૌڟደΡ ַقલ̈
Notes:
ᐮ)ޥᐮ[ *ޥji`nchá]: to check, examine, check-up, examination ͎)͎* [chZyuàn]: to be discharged from the hospital )ۯ[ *ۯshùnbiàn]: at one’s convenience; without taking extra trouble
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
A Letter to Teacher Wang: Helping Xiao Xie Ask for Sick Leave ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
̴тࣱĎ ૌЁĄӨ࢈๑ҙටૌˉᓂ̈܉Ρॾўऀ॑ڟĄձڟ༄྆ސ ᆺ˅ڟē܉ಁ̈͂౷ᚈુՈ˅˚൲وĎ̾ߏސϬᖽՈ˅ʟĎʶ౷Ԡ ႓ͺĄݣվঃુᅗࣛĎ֧˚ʟʟĎ͂౷ਚ͞ᖂʟĄᐮ͎ޥվĎ˗ ڡސཾڣ༗ڇĎࡌʰʦĎ˚྆ᓙЁĎ̙їુݞҁĎӨ࢈ʶ ڣʟ͂ࣜڟʡĄ͂ː༄ᄂ྆վັ᛫͂ʟĎૌ˚ጊ̖Ď͂୪ϵ ː༄ЊԠձʟĄᖂΡჳϔ྆֍̈Ď͂౷͎̾͟ʟĄ͎̾ݣĎ͂ ુݟϵࣜཇĎЁЁτኴĎ˚͞ʰĄӨ࢈๑ҙටૌ॑ऀĎʶ๑ ۯᐓ͂ቜĄ ᓂᓂĄ ! !
ૌڟደΡ ַقલ̈
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
ФࢺղʙڟΡචַჭ͎ٲ୪ ([chZxiàn]: to appear) ϵ۬ʰĔ! ቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ ФࢺղʙڟΡචַჭ͎ٲ୪ϵ۬ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ
2.
ቜӰ۬ᕚᚍЙ ([fVnyì chéng]: to translate into) ࠼̜Ą ቜӰ۬ᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY ɶɾை ɶɾை [j]ng g^ng zh] nieo] Meaning: A bird frightened by the mere twang of a bow. Usage: This is used to describe a person who is seized with fear because of some frightening experience encountered in the past. Example:
͂ʰЩՈ˅ঃુᅗࣛਚ͞ᖂĎᓙўўʟݞढĄ! ୪ϵĎͫࡌʙ֗ࡌ͞ᖂĎ͂౷࿋ņ˖˞నŇʙᆺĎ! ᐃЫʟĄ ͂ʰЩՈ˅ঃુᅗࣛਚ͞ᖂĎᓙўўʟݞढĄ! ୪ϵĎͫࡌʙ֗ࡌ͞ᖂĎ͂౷࿋ņ˖˞నŇʙᆺĎ! ᐃЫʟĄ
Pay special attention to the passive sentences ͩ, or *^ and the Ӱ sentences.
ͯ ), ͩ, or *\ͯ ),
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ͠ढФʙডሐ̙Ď͂ᖭ̴͎͞ږĄࢤЁФʙਹనϵ˛ڪ ࡴ྆վࡴ྆͞Ďనͩࢶڟᒐ͟ݞᆕĄ ᖭ̴ੰডሐ̙ēѱӰեਹనʮվฝĔ ডሐ̙ჳēԠੰᖠĎӨ˚ሐ౷̾͟ ӰԲʮվĄ ডሐ̙Ӱ͂˖ڟሐऌ͎վĎᆦʟ ʙʮ˖Ďన౷͂ʮվʟĄ ᖭ̴ʟᚈુ؏ݞĎჳēѱʬԠФ Ӱѱڟሐ͎͞Ďݩᅄեਹన౷ѱ൝ ʮվʟĔ ডሐ̙ჳēձސᆺ˅ڟĎեސʙ ਹᐃᖽڟనĎԲݞணĎʶ͟ݞᆕĎԲؐ ˖ሐĄͫࡌӨӰӨ˖ڟᆦʙʮĎԲ౷ ̾ߏԲͩ˖ሐ൝˛ʟĎؚ̾Բ౷ьˏ ૬ʮվʟĄ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ͠ढФʙডሐ̙Ď͂ᖭ̴͎͞ږĄࢤЁФʙਹనϵ˛ڪ ࡴ྆վࡴ྆͞Ďనͩࢶڟᒐ͟ݞᆕĄ ᖭ̴ੰডሐ̙ēѱӰեਹనʮվฝĔ ডሐ̙ჳēԠੰᖠĎӨ˚ሐ౷̾͟ӰԲʮվĄ ডሐ̙Ӱ͂˖ڟሐऌ͎վĎᆦʟʙʮ˖Ďన౷͂ʮվʟĄ ᖭ̴ʟᚈુ؏ݞĎჳēѱʬԠФӰѱڟሐ͎͞Ďݩᅄեਹ న౷ѱ൝ʮվʟĔ ডሐ̙ჳēձސᆺ˅ڟĎեސʙਹᐃᖽڟనĎԲݞணĎʶ ͟ݞᆕĎԲؐ˖ሐĄͫࡌӨӰӨ˖ڟᆦʙʮĎԲ౷̾ߏԲͩ˖ሐ ൝˛ʟĎؚ̾Բ౷ьˏ૬ʮվʟĄ Notes:
͠ढ)͠ढ* [gd shíhòu]: ancient times ডሐ̙)ডሐ̙* [shénjiànshcu]: great archer ᖭ̴)ᖭ̴* [Wèi wáng]: the King of Wei న)న* [ni`o]: bird [ *˛ڪ)˛ڪkYngzhYng]: in the sky ࢶͩᒐ)ࢶͩᒐ* [kZjiào shWng]: cry ʮվ)ʮվ* [shè xiàlái]: to shoot down Բ)Բ* [tV]: it (for animals) ˖ሐ)˖ሐ* [gYngjiàn]: bow and arrow ᆦ)ᆦ* [bYdòng]: to pluck ˖[ *˖)gYngxián]: bowstring ᐃᖽ)ᐃᖽ* [xiàhuài]: to be frightened ˛)˛* [shèzhòng]: to hit (intended target)
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēthe passive sentences ͯ )ĎͩĎor * and the Ӱ sentences. Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēthe passive sentences ͯ )ĎͩĎor * and the Ӱ sentences. 2. ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņ˖˞నŇވڟձĄ ! ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņ˖˞నŇވڟձĄ 3. ቜņ˖˞నŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņ˖˞నŇڟս˅Ą ! ቜņ˖˞నŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņ˖˞నŇڟս˅Ą 4.ņ˖˞నŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ ! ņ˖˞నŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ 1.
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ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 11-1
Listen to the passage and answer the following questions. Then check them with your partner. Notes:
වԏ)වԏ* [p`obù]: to run ࠏഓ)ࠏഓ* [tZrán]: suddenly ᙷᛉ)ᙷᛉ* [jìxù]: to continue ାມ)ାມ* [línshX]: to get wet ݮಈ)ݮಈ* [huXfù]: to recover จ)ޗจ[ *ޗchuánr`n]: be contagious Ո˅)Ո˅* [lVdùzi]: diarrhea (spoken form) ༜ᔬ)༜ᔬ* [fùxiè]: diarrhea (written form)
!
ਐᕀ ਐᕀ t 1.
͂ࡌ͎͞වԏڟढĎവΡʟ˧ᅄձĔ ͂ࡌ͎͞වԏڟढĎവΡʟ˧ᅄձĔ
2.
͎͂͞වԏڟढĎʬവΡʟ˧ᅄձĔ ͎͂͞වԏڟढĎʬവΡʟ˧ᅄձĔ
3.
ʠ̈ਔӗڟढĎ͂ݩᅄʟĔ ʠ̈ਔӗڟढĎ͂ݩᅄʟĔ
4.
͂̄݉ڟᐓ͂ੈʟ˧ᅄĔ͂ݮಈુݩᅄᆺĔ ͂̄݉ڟᐓ͂ੈʟ˧ᅄĔ͂ݮಈુݩᅄᆺĔ
5.
͂̄݉ڟ͂ݩᅄʟĔФ˧ᅄॿ[( ڑzhèngzhuàng]: symptom)Ĕ ͂̄݉ڟ͂ݩᅄʟĔФ˧ᅄॿڑĔ
6.
͂ᚈુ͂ᐖཎߏ͂݉̄ੈ˧ᅄĔ ͂ᚈુ͂ᐖཎߏ͂݉̄ੈ˧ᅄĔ
Lesson 11
11-2
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Based on the short passage you have just listened to, complete the following sentences (pay attention to the Ӱ and constructions). Then check them with your partner. 1.
͂Γϵ ______ ڟढĎࠏഓʮۦʟĎ͂ ______ ۦାມʟĄ ͂Γϵ ______ ڟढĎࠏഓʮۦʟĎ͂ ______ ۦାມʟĄ
2.
͂ ______ ۦାມʟ̾ݣĎ౷ ______ ʟĄ ͂ ______ ۦାມʟ̾ݣĎ౷ ______ ʟĄ
3.
͂݉̄˚ˉ̖ʶ ______ ͂ ______ จޗʟĄ ͂݉̄˚ˉ̖ʶ ______ ͂ ______ จޗʟĄ
4.
͂ᚈુ͂݉̄______ ݞĎ͂ࡌϵࣜЁЁϴ ______ ͂݉̄Ą ͂ᚈુ͂݉̄______ ݞĎ͂ࡌϵࣜЁЁϴ ______ ͂݉̄Ą
II. Character Exercises 11-3
341
Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
᛫ ᛫
ᅗ ᅗ
ັ᛫ ັ᛫
ᅗࣛ ᅗࣛ
ϵठᘞັ᛫͂ ϵठᘞັ᛫͂
͂ঃુᅗࣛ ͂ঃુᅗࣛ
͂݉̄ϵठᘞັ᛫͂Ą ͂݉̄ϵठᘞັ᛫͂Ą
͂Ո˅ঃુᅗࣛĄ ͂Ո˅ঃુᅗࣛĄ
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
7.
2.
૿ ૿
8.
3.
ඨ ඨ
9.
႓ ႓
4.
ڇ ڇ
10.
ش ش
5.
ጊ ጊ
11.
ࢤ ࢤ!
6.
ٷ ٷ
12.
ླ ླ
!
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Read aloud the following sentences. Write them out using traditional characters. Then check your answers with a partner. 1.
ࢤ˗༗˅ঃુᅗࣛĄ
______________________________
2.
͂ᛖˁਚ֗ݨඨ݉͞ʟĄ
______________________________
3.
͂͟ݞᆕĎࡌ̙ĎݞٷႧݨĄ
______________________________
4.
ѱ˚ጊ̖ĎЁЁτኴĄ
______________________________
5.
͂ᖂΡ൝ሪʟʙླĄ
______________________________
Form groups and create phrases with the following words (pay attention to the various usages of each word). Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ีēʪˤีᏀ! ีēʪˤีᏀ!
ʙีᘢ˅Ďʙีᚨ͓Ďʙี፤ ʙีᘢ˅Ďʙีᚨ͓Ďʙี፤
ē__________________ ē__________________
______________________________________________
༄ē__________________ ༄ē__________________
______________________________________________
شē__________________ شē__________________
______________________________________________
ኴē__________________ ኴē__________________
______________________________________________
ē__________________ ē__________________
______________________________________________
Ⴇē__________________ Ⴇē__________________
______________________________________________
ൖē__________________ ൖē__________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Lesson 11
Homophones: Example: [shì]
ˁēᛖˁ ˁēᛖˁ ސēѱސቢĔ ސēѱސቢĔ
1. [
]
ளē________________________ ளē________________________ شē________________________ شē________________________
2. [
]
Ոē________________________ Ոē________________________ ݙē________________________ ݙē________________________
3. [
]
႓ē________________________ ႓ē________________________ Ꮲē________________________ Ꮲē________________________
4. [
]
૿ē________________________ ૿ē________________________ ౷ē________________________ ౷ē________________________
5. [
]
ݨē________________________ ݨē________________________ ē________________________ ē________________________ ̅ē________________________ ̅ē________________________
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6. [
]
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ؒē________________________ ؒē________________________ חē________________________ חē________________________
7. [
]
Ԃē________________________ Ԃē________________________ ᆵē________________________ ᆵē________________________ ጙē________________________ ጙē________________________
8. [
]
ಸē________________________ ಸē________________________ ๐ē________________________ ๐ē________________________
III. Grammar Exercises 11-6
Form groups to rewrite the following sentences using
0ͩ0)*.
1.
тࣱӰደΡሪʟʙླĄ тࣱӰደΡሪʟʙླĄ
2.
ᖽʡӰ͂ᄚїڟІೡϒ֥ՖʟĄ ᖽʡӰ͂ᄚїڟІೡϒ֥ՖʟĄ
3.
т̴ᘿ ([piàn]: to deceive) ʟˉ࠼Ą т̴ᘿʟˉ࠼Ą
4.
т࿃ ([l`oshd]: mouse) Ӱᐃʟʙ ([xiàyítiào]: be terribly frightened)Ą т࿃ӰᐃʟʙĄ
5.
ᚌဆӰ͂ڟՙشՖ ([tuYzcu]: to tow away) ʟĄ ᚌဆӰ͂ڟՙشՖʟĄ
6.
ˉڔӰڟאא፤ϬʟĄ ˉڔӰڟאא፤ϬʟĄ
Lesson 11
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Caring for Others
7.
ʹڟዡࡱ ([zàoyXn]: noise) Ӱᙘᙘ ([b`obao]: baby) ҞᎺ ([ch`oxbng]: awakened by noise) ʟĄ ʹڟዡࡱӰᙘᙘҞᎺʟĄ
8.
ࢰࢰӰאאሪࢶ ([kZ]: to cry) ʟĄ ࢰࢰӰאאሪࢶʟĄ
345
Form groups to (i) read aloud the following passage (pay attention to the Ӱ sentences); (ii) answer the following questions; and (3) use your own words to retell the story using “, ͩ, or )*” sentences. Passage:
! !
ᓂደē!Өː༄Ӱѱڟՙϵե˃ጙڟठᘞʟĄ ᓂደē!Өː༄Ӱѱڟՙϵե˃ጙڟठᘞʟĄ
!
લ̈ē! ჳ֗ե˃ጙĎ˚Ё๎ݦĕʰЩӨվڟढĎ! Ӱե˃ጙᆡᖽʟĄ લ̈ē! ჳ֗ե˃ጙĎ˚Ё๎ݦĕʰЩӨվڟढĎ! Ӱե˃ጙᆡᖽʟĄ
! ! ! ! ! ! !
ࣇ˛قē!ސҢĕӨʶӰڟٍؘᘢ˅ΈকʟĄݞٍؘΡॉĎӰӨሪ ʟʙླĎჳӨ̊˚ˉ̖ʟĄ ࣇ˛قē!ސҢĕӨʶӰڟٍؘᘢ˅ΈকʟĄݞٍؘΡॉĎӰӨሪ ʟʙླĎჳӨ̊˚ˉ̖ʟĄ ᓂደē!Ԡձĕሪ˚ঃĕဇʟĎᓂᓂѱ࢈ڟᐓДĎЩࣜӰ ѱ࢈ணᖽʟĄˬ̈ଏʰӨቜ݊ĕ ᓂደē!Ԡձĕሪ˚ঃĕဇʟĎᓂᓂѱ࢈ڟᐓДĎЩࣜӰ ѱ࢈ணᖽʟĄˬ̈ଏʰӨቜ݊ĕ ࣇ˛قē!̊ЁʟĕۣۖФʙࣜ˚ݞᎿ˛ڟᏢĎ͟ސӨӰϴ ҭӟʟĄ ࣇ˛قē!̊ЁʟĕۣۖФʙࣜ˚ݞᎿ˛ڟᏢĎ͟ސӨӰϴ ҭӟʟĄ
! !
લ̈ē! Ԡᘰ۽ĎӨФĎѱ࢈ĎӨӲ֗ʟĄ લ̈ē! Ԡᘰ۽ĎӨФĎѱ࢈ĎӨӲ֗ʟĄ
! !
ᓂደē!̊ЁʟĎ࢈ܧՖґĕ ᓂደē!̊ЁʟĎ࢈ܧՖґĕ
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With a partner, ask and answer the following questions. 1.
˃ጙቢ൝ᆡᖽʟĔ ˃ጙቢ൝ᆡᖽʟĔ
2.
˧ߏٍؘᅄݞΡॉĔ˛قႴ ([chdfá]: to punish) ʟฝĔݩސᅄ ႴڟĔ ˧ߏٍؘᅄݞΡॉĔ˛قႴʟฝĔݩސᅄႴڟĔ
3.
͂࢈ߏ˧ᅄணᖽʟĔ ͂࢈ߏ˧ᅄணᖽʟĔ
4.
˛Ꮲڟϴҭቢ൝ӟʟĎഓސݣቢӲֹ֗ڟĔ ˛Ꮲڟϴҭቢ൝ӟʟĎഓސݣቢӲֹ֗ڟĔ
IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ʹᒨΊ ʹᒨΊ Fee for Designating Specific Doctor(s) to Perform the Surgery
ᒅЅē
ᖂ̙ᔈϪͩ ͕յ֥॑ఋ˷ᖂᑛوਜ਼Н ̠ޒĎ͕յͿവ͎Įᘰػʙԏሒ֥̅॑ఋ˷ᖂᑛوਜ਼ά Нįڟ ڣĎ ͕յઠૃ 3 ̢ 1 ̠ਔ Ď Ϩࣜᖂ֥॑ᔈϪ̙ Ą Ъʹ Ď ̙˛պʹڟង̫ʶ֥॑ Ď ઠ˚ϔͪїН Ą
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ᕏЅē
ᖂ̙ᔈϪͩ ͕յ֥॑ఋ˷ᖂᑛوਜ਼Н ̠ޒĎ͕յͿവ͎Įᘰػʙԏሒ֥̅॑ఋ˷ᖂᑛوਜ਼ά Нįڟ ڣĎ ͕յઠૃ 3 ̢ 1 ̠ਔ Ď Ϩࣜᖂ֥॑ᔈϪ̙ Ą Ъʹ Ď ̙˛պʹڟង̫ʶ֥॑ Ď ઠ˚ϔͪїН Ą
Notes:
ᔈϪ)ᔈϪ* [di`nmíng]: to designate ̙ᔈϪ)̙ᔈϪ* [shcushù di`nmíng fèi]: fee paid (in advance) for designating specific doctor(s) to perform the surgery ֥॑)֥॑* [qdxiVo]: to cancel
Exercises for the headlines: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following questions. 1. What can you tell about the news by skimming the headlines? 2. How would you translate the headlines into English? 3. Newspaper headlines are usually very concise, with many abbreviations, omissions, hints, metaphors, and written forms. Can you identify some of these in the headlines above? Notes:
ᘰػ//////ڟ)ڣᘰػ//////ڟ[ *ڣguVnyú . . . de tYngzhX]: notification on . . . ሒ)ሒ* [guXfàn]: to standardize; standard ̅)̅* [jí]: and, to reach Ъʹ)Ъʹ* [cbwài]: moreover ʹង̫)ʹង̫* [wàiyòng yánshub]: surgical IV ͪї)ͪї* [lìngxíng]: separately
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Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. Can you guess why patients want to designate specific doctors? 2. When is the fee for designating doctors waived? What other fees are canceled? 3. Can you find any written-form expressions? Indicate the spoken counterparts for the following expressions:
*̠ޒ)̠ޒ Ϩ)Ϩ* ૃ3̢1̠ਔ)ૃ3̢1̠ਔ*
ઠ)ઠ* ̅)̅* Ъʹ)Ъʹ*
4. Point out the sentences which contain Lesson 11 vocabulary (e.g. ڣ. . . ), then translate the sentences into English. 5. Locate the
̙)̙*;
sentences in this article. How many are there?
6. Do you think patients should be allowed to request that specific doctors perform their surgery? Why? 7. Try to use your own words to summarize the headlines and article.
V. Communicative Activities 11-8
ደ˛ַ̈́ጣͬ)ደ˛ַ̈́ጣͬ*\Ê9ÕÊ>ÀiÊÌ>}Ê>Ê>ViÌÊ Chinese history course and have learned that Chinese recorded civilization dates back at least 5,000 years. Looking at the chart below, form groups to describe the relationships among dynasties using Ӱ)Ӱ* and )* sentences , for example,
V: ֺ˧ސᅄढݚγڟĔݩސᅄݚγڟĔ ֺ˧ސᅄढݚγڟĔݩސᅄݚγڟĔ W: ֺސϵ˴˯܉1027БݚγڟĄֺސӰ੦ΈଁڟĎ੦ސ ֺͩ൝ພʹڟĄ ֺސϵ˴˯܉1027БݚγڟĄֺސӰ੦ΈଁڟĎ੦ސ ֺͩ൝ພʹڟĄ V: ӨཾڣʟĎʶ౷ސჳĎ੦ֺ൝ΈଁʟĎഓֺݣ౷ݚγ ਔվʟĄ ӨཾڣʟĎʶ౷ސჳĎ੦ֺ൝ΈଁʟĎഓֺݣ౷ݚγ ਔվʟĄ
Lesson 11
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Caring for Others
ɻਝ߬˚ؿ౩ˤࣂ౨ ɻਝ߬˚ؿ౩ˤࣂ౨ Major Chinese Dynasties and Periods
ࣇ)ࣇ* [Xià] 2100–1600 b.c. ੦)੦* [ShVng] 1600–1028 b.c. ֺ)ֺ* [ZhYu] 1027–256 b.c. љֺ)љֺ* [XX ZhYu] 1027–771 b.c. ֺٍ)ֺٍ* [DYng ZhYu] 770–256 b.c. [ *ࠍތ)ࠍތChZnqiZ] (Spring and Autumn) 722–468 b.c. ዽ)ዽ* [Zhànguó] (Warring States) 403–221 b.c. )* [Qín] 221–207 b.c. ၕ)ၕ* [Hàn] 206 b.c.–8 a.d. ʭ)ʭ* [SVnguó] (Three Kingdoms) )ᖭĎ༹ĎҔ )ᖭĎ༹ĎҔ* [Wèi, Shd, Wú]* 220–280 ˲)˲* [Liùcháo] (Six Dynasties) 222–589 ण)ण* [Jìn] 265–420 ͕ܒ)͕ܒ* [Nánbaicháo] (Southern and Northern Dynasties) 420–581 ෧)෧* [Suí] 581–618 ࢬ)ࢬ* [Táng] 618–907 ӈ)ӈ* [Sòng] 960–1279 ˯)˯*ÊQ9Õ?RÊ£ÓÈäq£ÎÈn [ *ق)قMíng] 1368–1644 ଼)଼* [QXng] 1644–1911 Notes:
ݚγ)ݚγ* [jiànlì]: to establish 0̈́)0̈́* [cháodài]: dynasty Έଁ)Έଁ* [d`bài]: to defeat ພʹ)ພʹ* [mièwáng]: to destroy ˴˯[ *܉˯˴)܉gYngyuán qián]: b.c. ˴˯[ *ݣ˯˴)ݣgYngyuán hòu]: a.d. Identify the correct dynasty(ies) for the following: Ê Ê Ê Ê
UÊ Ü
iÊÌ
iÊÀi>ÌÊ7>ÊÜ>ÃÊLÕÌ°Ê UÊ Ü
iÊÌ
iÊÛiÊHero ࠼ was set. UÊ Ì
iÊ/
ÀiiÊ }`ð UÊ Ü
iÊÌ
iÊv>ÕÃÊ«iÌÊԃΩ lived.
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11-9Ê 9ÕÀÊ«>ÀiÌÃÊ}>ÛiÊÞÕÊ>`ÊÞÕÀÊÞÕ}iÀÊLÀÌ
iÀÊ>ÊV>ÀÊÌÊÃ
>Ài°Ê1vÀÌÕ>ÌiÞ]ÊÌ
iÊ car has been stolen. With a partner, use Ӱ and sentences to report the incident to your parents. Situations Ê
£°Ê 9ÕÀÊÞÕ}iÀÊLÀÌ
iÀÊ«>Ài`ÊÌ
iÊV>À°ÊÕÃiÊӰ) 2. The car was left unlocked in the parking lot. (use Ӱ or ) 3. The car was stolen by two thieves. (use Ӱ or ) 4. The car was found at the back of the park. (use ) 5. The CD player was stolen. (use Ӱ or ) 6. Money on the front seat was stolen. (use Ӱ or ) 7. It has already been reported to the police and the insurance company. (use
Ӱ)
Notes:
Ֆ)Ֆ* [tYuzcu]: to steal ऌՖ)ऌՖ* [názcu]: to take away ˉ)ˉ* [xi`otYu]: thief ϵ)ϵ* [tíngzài]: to park at ᖇЁ)ᖇЁ* [such`o]: to lock ώႅጠ)ώႅጠ* [guVngdiéjX]: CD player [ *ࣴ܉)ࣴ܉qiánzuò]: the front seat ᚌဆ)ᚌဆ* [jbngchá]: police ۳Ꮞ˴ͧ)۳Ꮞ˴ͧ* [b`oxi`n gYngsX]: insurance company 11-10Ê 9ÕÀÊÀ>ÌiÊ``½ÌÊ`ÊÜiÊÊ
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iÊVÕÀÃi°Ê9ÕÊÃ
ÜÊÞÕÀÊVViÀÊ>`ÊÌÀÞÊÌÊ encourage him. Useful words and expressions:
ҁ)ҁ* ೈ˛у)ೈ˛у* ֗*֗) ̅ि)̅ि* [jígé]: to pass (a test) ໋)໋* [bèidàng]: to fail (a course) )*0ͩ)ͩ*0)* Ӱ)Ӱ* ጊ̖)ጊ̖* Ԡձ)Ԡձ* ˚ࡌႧ)˚ࡌႧ* Ԡ႓ͺ)Ԡ႓ͺ*
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ɻਝɁ܉ფྦྷ͐ٲˢɁؿᗐʶ ɻਝɁ܉ფྦྷ͐ٲˢɁؿᗐʶ How the Chinese Show Concern for Others When you sneeze among Chinese best towels, the best linens, the Do you know… people they don’t say “bless you,” best food, and so on. And when s WHY#HINESEFEEL COMFORTABLEASKING as Americans might expect. This guests visit, they usually bring a PERSONALQUESTIONS doesn’t mean that Chinese are gift for the host. s WHATCOMMON not friendly and don’t care about Chinese people show their EXPRESSIONSAREUSED WHENSAYINGGOODBYE Ì
iÀðÊ9ÕÊ}
ÌÊ>ÃÊw`ÊÌ
>ÌÊ concern for acquaintances ANDWHATARETHE the Chinese may ask you directly through the use of formalities. IMPLICATIONSOFTHESE EXPRESSIONS about personal information such Upon parting after an event, Read and find out! as your age, salary, and marital people will tell each other to status the first time you meet “come over to our place and them. This isn’t considered nosy have tea.” This is not usually or rude. They feel that to know you better is an actual invitation, but a way to express to treat you like a family member, and thus it good wishes and the desire to get together is fine to ask you personal questions. Some again some time. In Western culture, might even try to be your matchmaker. These people show politeness to people they don’t examples demonstrate some of the particular know that well by calling them “Miss” or ways in which Chinese show their concern “Mister,” but in Chinese, they are referred to for others. as “Auntie” or “Uncle.” Even if they do not Chinese put others first, and sometimes know a person that well, the Chinese will treat guests even better than their family show their concern for acquaintances, and members. When dining at a restaurant, sometimes even strangers, by treating them Chinese will almost always try to pay for the as if they are close friends or family other person. Because everyone wants to members. show concern for each other, almost every Within the family, concern is shown meal at a restaurant will end up with a fight mainly through actions. To show affection over the check. In Western culture, giving and respect for siblings, their relationship, money instead of a present may indicate a such as “little sister” or “third brother,” lack of thoughtfulness. For the Chinese, is generally used instead of the given however, giving money in a red envelope is a name. Instead of saying “I love you” to very common gift. When guests visit, they their children, parents will often show their are always treated very well. They get the love through actions and sacrifices, such as 351
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paying for the child’s college tuition. When sons and daughters grow up to have their own jobs, it is always expected that they will take care of their aging parents. Nursing
homes are not a common option in Chinese culture. It is especially important to show concern for family members, something done primarily through actions.
Old friends get together to chat and care for each other at a busy outdoor teahouse in Sichuan Province. Why do Chinese fight over the check at a restaurant?
In Chinese culture, it is expected that aging parents will live with and be taken care of by their children.
問題討論 (問題討論) Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
你對中國人表示對他人關心的方式有什麼看法？跟你的文化有什麼 一樣或者不一樣的地方？ 你對中國人表示對他人關心的方式有什麼看法？跟你的文化有什麼 一樣或者不一樣的地方？
What do you think of the ways that Chinese show their concern for others? What are the similarities or differences with your own culture? 2.
你比較喜歡哪一種表示關心、接受關心的方式呢？ 你比較喜歡哪一種表示關心、接受關心的方式呢？
How do you prefer to express concern or accept the concern of others?
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መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE Έސ᎑Ďሪސ๒ Έސ᎑Ďሪސ๒ Hitting is the symbol of affection, scolding is the symbol of love
! !
d`
shì
qXn
mà
shì
ài
Έ! Έ!
!ސ !ސ
᎑! ᎑!
ሪ! ሪ!
!ސ !ސ
๒ ๒
to hit
is
affection
to scold
is
love
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. Are there similar sayings in English or other languages indicating that your love or concern for someone might cause you to be more strict with them than with others?
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Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! ፭Ӹᖞ˳ ፭Ӹᖞ˳ Personal Medicine Bag
ˉ̄͞ىַࡌقь҅डїĎ˚̖عĎؐ͂ϵडఊ˛ΡॾڱؖവΡ๎ ʹĎࡌؚ̾ᐓ͂ລరʙᏍᗾ͓Ą̾ʮސЂϵႩʰӲ֗ڟᏍᗾ͓ ےĎӨ࢈ʙਔվē ˉ̄͞ىַࡌقь҅डїĎ˚̖عĎؐ͂ϵडఊ˛ΡॾڱؖവΡ๎ ʹĎࡌؚ̾ᐓ͂ລరʙᏍᗾ͓Ą̾ʮސЂϵႩʰӲ֗ڟᏍᗾ͓ ےĎӨ࢈ʙਔվē
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፭Ӹᖞ˳ ٲ፭Ӹᖞ˳ ٲ 1.
ႣϫႰΡশĄ ႣϫႰΡশĄ
2.
ࡌΆర๐܃ᗾĎਝጶᗾĎЃَ͎୪ᅅฬďܝ࿚ďവጶॿڑĎࡌγ ֓وᗾ͞ڱؖᖂٽᑛĄ ࡌΆర๐܃ᗾĎਝጶᗾĎЃَ͎୪ᅅฬďܝ࿚ďവጶॿڑĎࡌγ ֓وᗾ͞ڱؖᖂٽᑛĄ
3.
લరᗾēຣࡎď͟ථď༜ᔬᗾĄ લరᗾēຣࡎď͟ථď༜ᔬᗾĄ
4.
ь҅डї۳ēϻང͈̫ϋĎႃࡌ͈Ďળൿ̙ጠĎ۳ݻᒒ൜Ą ь҅डї۳ēϻང͈̫ϋĎႃࡌ͈Ďળr̙ጠĎ۳ݻᒒ൜Ą Notes:
Ꮝᗾ͓)Ꮝᗾ͓* [suíshWn yàobao]: personal medicine bag ь҅डї)ь҅डї* [zìzhù ljxíng]: self-planned travel ๎ʹ)๎ʹ* [yìwài]: accident ႣϫႰΡশ)ႣϫႰΡশ*![zYnghé wéishWngsù]: multivitamin (In Taiwan, the term used is ႣϫႰּ͂)ႣϫႰּ͂* [zYnghé wéitVmìng]) લరᗾ)લరᗾ* [chángbèi yào]: common medicines ຣࡎ)ຣࡎ* [tbwWnjì]: thermometer ͟ථ)͟ථ* [chuVngkatiW]: Band-Aid (in Taiwan, the term used is OK ங (OK ங) [bàn]) ۳)۳* [b`ojiàn]: health protection; health care ང͈)ང͈* [bdchYng]: to supplement; add to ႃ)ႃ* [shuìmián]: (written expression) sleep ͈)͈* [chYngzú]: sufficient ۳)ݻ۳[ *ݻb`ochí]: to keep, maintain ᒒ൜)ᒒ൜* [liánluò]: to contact; get in touch with
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ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ቜѱьˏڟབྷჳʙჳᏍᗾٍ͓ڟےљ1–4Ą ቜѱьˏڟབྷჳʙჳᏍᗾٍ͓ڟےљ1–4Ą
2. Translate the following into English:
ࡌΆర๐܃ᗾĎਝጶᗾĎЃَ͎୪ᅅฬďܝ࿚ďവጶॿڑĎࡌγ֓ وᗾ͞ڱؖᖂٽᑛĄ ࡌΆర๐܃ᗾĎਝጶᗾĎЃَ͎୪ᅅฬďܝ࿚ďവጶॿڑĎࡌγ֓ وᗾ͞ڱؖᖂٽᑛĄ 3.
ѱລర྆Ꮝᗾ͓ฝĔѱ͞˛डїڟढĎѱລర˧ᅄᆺڟᏍ ᗾ͓Ĕ ѱລర྆Ꮝᗾ͓ฝĔѱ͞˛डїڟढĎѱລర˧ᅄᆺڟᏍ ᗾ͓Ĕ
Ɋɀᇾ Ɋɀᇾ L E S S O N
ᑢው ᑢው
Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. What are the common expressions in your culture for showing appreciation? 2. What expressions or actions do you use to show gratitude? A young boy offers oranges (symbolizing luck) to his grandmother to thank her and wish her prosperity in the upcoming New Year.
ઠነ͌ᅟ ઠነ͌ᅟ OBJECTIVES ®
Express appreciation
®
Reply to/accept another’s thanks
®
Describe a cause-and-effect situation
®
Describe a conditional situation
®
Write thank-you notes and invitations
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́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
Υػ
Υػ
yóuyú
Conj.
due to, because of
2.
ᐓ҅
ᐓ҅
bVngzhù
V.
to help
N.
help
3.
ཌԚ
ཌԚ
jiajué
V.
to solve
4.
ൎᓂ
ൎᓂ
dáxiè
V.
to thank
5.
ഔ
ഔ
zhd
V.
to cook
6.
ࣾ
ࣾ
gYngxb
V.
to congratulate
7.
͎
͎
chZyuàn
V.O.
to be discharged from the hospital
8.
ݮಈ
ݮಈ
huXfù
V.
to recover
9.
੨
੨
la
Int.
(used at the end of a sentence to indicate sighing, questioning, etc.)
10.
duàn
M.W.
(measure word for section, segment)
11.
คව
คව
luànp`o
V.
to run around
12.
ͫЁ
ͫЁ
zhbh`o
Adv.
have to (no choice)
13.
ݟ
ݟ
dVi
V.
to stay
14.
ኂ
ኂ
t`ng
V.
to lie, recline
15.
ጌ̈
ጌ̈
zhangtiVn
N.
the whole day
16.
ಎЫ
ಎЫ
mWnsb
V.C.
to be extremely boring
17.
႗ʟґ
႗ʟґ
suànleba
let it be, just forget it
18.
ЃЪ
ЃЪ
rúcb
so, thus
Lesson 12
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
®
Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
e^cn^c
19.
ѤΆ
ѤΆ
hébì
there is no need
20.
໋ۑ
໋ۑ
dVngchZ
in the first place, originally
21.
ᐮޥ
ᐮޥ
ji`nchá
V.
to examine
N.
checkup, examination
22.
ϴԏ
ϴԏ
dìbù
N.
condition
23.
ܙҢ
ܙҢ
Viya
Int.
ah!, gosh!, oh dear!
24.
ݣअ
ݣअ
hòuhub
V.
to regret
25.
ϻᒫ
ϻᒫ
duYkuX
26.
ᑸ
ᑸ
zVo
Adj.
in a terrible state, chaotic
27.
˚
˚
búxìng
N.
adversity, misfortune
28.
˚ഓ
˚ഓ
bùrán
Conj.
or else, otherwise, if not
29.
َݣ
َݣ
hòuguc
N.
consequence, aftermath
30.
˚௩๑ ˚௩๑
bùkVnshèxi`ng
31.
ࣛ
ࣛ
hài
V.
to harm, cause trouble for
32.
ቷ
ቷ
tàng
M.W.
(measure word for trips)
33.
బຮ
బຮ
máfan
Adj.
troublesome
V.
to put somebody to trouble
Adv.
conveniently, in passing
thanks to, luckily
cannot bear to think about it
34.
ۯ
35.
͎۞ϵʹ ͎۞ϵʹ
chZménzàiwài
36.
۳Ꮞ
۳Ꮞ
b`oxi`n
N.
insurance
37.
ᘌق
ᘌق
zhèngmíng
V.
to prove, certify
N.
proof, certificate
ۯ
shùnbiàn
to be away from home
38.
ϰЪ
ϰЪ
yXncb
Conj.
therefore
39.
ীࣰ
ীࣰ
quWxí
V.O.
to be absent
N.
absence
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igVY^i^dcVa
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Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
40.
ᄄዲ
ᄄዲ
fdd`o
V.
to give guidance in studying, coach
41.
ངу
ངу
bdk`o
N.
make-up test
42.
эػ
эػ
zhìyú
Prep.
as for, as to
43.
ࢇຎ
ࢇካ
d`oméi
Adj.
unlucky
44.
۹བྷ
۹བྷ
súhuà
N.
common saying, proverb
45.
ኬ
ኬ
kào
V.
to lean against, depend on
46.
̄
̄
ycuyì
N.
friendship
ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns V:! Щސϻᒫʟѱ࢈Ď˚ഓձ͟ԁᑸֹĄ ! Щސϻᒫʟѱ࢈Ď˚ഓձ͟ԁᑸֹĄ
Zhècì zhWnshì duYkuXle nbmen, bùrán shìqíng kanéng huì gèngzVo ne.
W:! ჳڟʶސĎᓙЁФѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď ! ჳڟʶސĎᓙЁФѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď ShuYdeyashì, háih`o ycu nbmen de bVngzhù,
! ˚ഓَݣ౷˚௩๑ʟĄ ! ˚ഓَݣ౷˚௩๑ʟĄ
bùrán hòuguc jiù bùkVn shèxi`ng le.
X:! Ԡ˧ᅄĎѱ࢈̊݊ॉʟĄ ! Ԡ˧ᅄĎѱ࢈̊݊ॉʟĄ Méishénme, nbmen tàikèqi le.
Lesson 12
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Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
V:! ˉᓂ˚ীࣰĔ ! ˉᓂ˚ীࣰĔ Xi`o Xiè huìbuhuì bèi jì quWxí?
W:! ˚ڟĎ͂ФᖂΡᘌقĎ ! ˚ڟĎ͂ФᖂΡᘌقĎ Búhuìde, tV ycu yXshWng zhèngmíng,
! ϰЪ˚ীࣰĄ ! ϰЪ˚ীࣰĄ yXncb búhuì bèi jì quWxí.
V:! Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎࢇຎձϒԠʟĄ ! Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎࢇካձϒԠʟĄ
Yóuyú nbmen de bVngzhù, d`oméi shèr quánméi le.
W:! ސҢĕձїુᅄҁĎސΥػ ! ސҢĕձїુᅄҁĎސΥػ ShìyV! Shìqíng néng jìnxíng de zhème shùnlì, shìyóuyú
! ѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ą̊ސబຮѱ࢈ʟĕ ! ѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ą̊ސబຮѱ࢈ʟĕ
nbmen de bVngzhù. ZhWnshì tài máfan nbmen le!
X:! ˉձĎ˚బຮĎԠ˧ᅄĄ ! ˉձĎ˚బຮĎԠ˧ᅄĄ Xi`o shèr, bùmáfan, méishénme.
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: A Special Thanks for Your Help! ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
)ˉᓂॾЁʟĎߏʟࡌൎᓂ˃ࣜڟᐓ҅Ď५ϴഔʟʙहඊቜقď લַ̈˛قվϬĄ* قē!ˉᓂĎࣾѱ͎ʟĄѱਔվႠড˚ᎿĎݮಈુݞЁĄ ˉᓂē!ᓙ̾͟੨ĕӔଖӨ̾܉ʙᆺ ߀ĄѮސढĎӨ˚ค 1. ОڣЃЪĎѤΆ໋ۑĄ! )ОڣЃЪĎѤΆ໋ۑĄ* වĎͫЁݟϵࣜཇĎ࣯˚ϻ̈̈ ኂϵӗʰĄጌ̈ᘰϵࣜཇĎ ЃЪ)ЃЪ* ([rúcb]: like this); ໋*ۑ໋)ۑ ([dVngchZ]: originally, in the first place). ӤӰӨಎЫʟĕ “If you (or I, or somebody) had known it ē!႗ʟґĕОڣЃЪĎѤΆ໋ۑ1Ą would come to this, you (or I, or somebody) ѱࡌސϻ٧๎ĎОᔈ͞ would have acted differently.” This saying is ᐮޥĎ౷˚֗ᆺڟϴԏʟĄ commonly used to express regret. ˉᓂē!ܙҢĕӨཾڣᎿʟĎݣअĕʮ 2. ϻᒫʟѱ࢈Ą)ϻᒫʟѱ࢈Ą* Щ˚ڟಸʟĕ ϻᒫ)ϻᒫ* ([duYkuX]: thanks to, luckily) ڍڍē!ჳڟĎЩސϻᒫʟѱ࢈2Ą “thanks to you all” or “we were lucky to ࡌ˚ސѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ďձ͟ have your help.” ԁᑸֹĄ 3. ᓂ̈ᓂϴĎ˚˃ڟ˛Ą! ē!ჳڟʶސĎސᓂ̈ᓂϴĎ! )ᓂ̈ᓂϴĎ˚˃ڟ˛Ą* ˚˃ڟ˛3ĄᓙЁФѱ࢈ϵĎ ᓂ̈ᓂϴ)ᓂ̈ᓂϴ* thank goodness, ˚ഓَݣ౷˚௩๑ʟĄ thank heavens. ˉᓂē!ဇ˚ਔĎЩ͟Ӱѱ࢈ДᖽʟĎ ˚*˃ڟ˛˚)˃ڟ˛: [( *)xìng]: good fortune) “In the ࣛѱ࢈වʟЁಁቷᖂ4Ąސ midst of misfortune there is good fortune.” ̊బຮѱ࢈ʟĄ This saying is commonly used to comfort somebody and lessen the impact of an unfortunate event.
4.
ࣛѱ࢈වʟЁಁቷᖂĄ! )ࣛѱ࢈වʟЁಁቷᖂĄ*
ࣛ)ࣛ* ([hài]: to cause trouble for). ࣛѱ࢈වʟЁಁቷᖂ)ࣛѱ࢈වʟ Ёಁቷᖂ* means “(we) have troubled you to make several trips to the hospital.”
Continued on page 364
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: A Special Thanks for Your Help! ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
)ˉᓂॾЁʟĎߏʟࡌൎᓂ˃ࣜڟᐓ҅Ď५ϴഔʟʙहඊቜقď લַ̈˛قվϬĄ* قē!ˉᓂĎࣾѱ͎ʟĄѱਔվႠ ড˚ᎿĎݮಈુݞЁĄ ˉᓂē!ᓙ̾͟੨ĕӔଖӨ̾܉ʙᆺ ߀ĄѮސढĎӨ˚คවĎ! ͫЁݟϵࣜཇĎ࣯˚ϻ̈̈ኂϵ ӗʰĄጌ̈ᘰϵࣜཇĎӤӰӨಎ Ыʟĕ ē!႗ʟґĕОڣЃЪĎѤΆ໋ۑ1Ą! ѱࡌސϻ٧๎ĎОᔈ͞ᐮ ޥĎ౷˚֗ᆺڟϴԏʟĄ ˉᓂē!ܙҢĕӨཾڣᎿʟĎݣअĕʮЩ ˚ڟಸʟĕ ڍڍē!ჳڟĎЩސϻᒫʟѱ࢈2Ąࡌ˚ސѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ďձ͟ ԁᑸֹĄ ē!ჳڟʶސĎސᓂ̈ᓂϴĎ˚˃ڟ˛3ĄᓙЁФѱ࢈ϵĎ! ˚ഓَݣ౷˚௩๑ʟĄ ˉᓂē!ဇ˚ਔĎЩ͟Ӱѱ࢈ДᖽʟĎࣛѱ࢈වʟЁಁቷᖂ4Ąސ ̊బຮѱ࢈ʟĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: A Special Thanks for Your Help! ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અɍϛʒɊɀࠒ
લ̈ē!Ԡ˧ᅄĎ˚బຮĄӨ࢈Ԡᐓ˧ᅄДĎѱ࢈̊݊ॉʟĄ ˛قē!ސҢĕʙᔈ˚బຮĎᖂ౷ϵۣۖĎӨʶސʮ̾ݣ౷྆ۯ ͞ĄˉձĎԠ˧ᅄĄ قē!ސӨ࢈ᐖཎੈڟĄ͎۞ϵʹĎᒂސФ˚̟ڟۯढĄ ē!ѱ࢈ЁĄဇʟĎደमեᘞĎᘰػቜַ۳ᏎڟձཌԚʟ ฝĔ قē!ᎲЁʟĄˉᓂФᖂΡᘌقĎϰЪ˚ীࣰĄ͂ϱվʰ ̾ݣĎʶ̾͑͟ᄄዲďངуĄэػ۳Ꮞ̟ĎϰߏˉᓂФશ ۳ᏎĎؚ̾ʶԠੰᖠĄ ˉᓂē!̊ЁʟĕΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎղࢇຎձϒԠʟĄ ڍڍē!ձїુᅄҁĎސΥ 5. ϵࣜኬ̮ΔĎ͎ʹኬ̄ىĄ! ػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ą۹བྷჳē!ņϵࣜ )ϵࣜኬ̮ΔĎ͎ʹኬ̄ىĄ* ኬ̮ΔĎ͎ʹኬ̄ى5ŇĎސʙ “At home you have parents to count on; ᔈʶԠᎿĕ away from home you might need to count ē!ోĕ˚ࡌͫ᛫ൿჳབྷĎѱ࢈ኵ on friends.” This saying emphasizes the ʟґĄվվվĎቜʰࣴĎඊ͟ࡌ value of friendship. ଳʟĄ ڍڍē!ސҢĕվվվĎቜҲĎቜҲĄӨ࢈ʙਔߏӨ࢈ڟશַ̄ੁʙ ٔґĄ ڍڍďďˉᓂď˛قďલ̈ďقēЁĎੁٔĕ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: A Special Thanks for Your Help! ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અɍϛʒɊɍࠒ
લ̈ē!Ԡ˧ᅄĎ˚బຮĄӨ࢈Ԡᐓ˧ᅄДĎѱ࢈̊݊ॉʟĄ ˛قē!ސҢĕʙᔈ˚బຮĎᖂ౷ϵۣۖĎӨʶސʮ̾ݣ౷྆ۯ ͞ĄˉձĎԠ˧ᅄĄ قē!ސӨ࢈ᐖཎੈڟĄ͎۞ϵʹĎᒂސФ˚̟ڟۯढĄ ē!ѱ࢈ЁĄဇʟĎደमեᘞĎᘰػቜַ۳ᏎڟձཌԚʟ ฝĔ قē!ᎲЁʟĄˉᓂФᖂΡᘌقĎϰЪ˚ীࣰĄ͂ϱվʰ ̾ݣĎʶ̾͑͟ᄄዲďངуĄэػ۳Ꮞ̟ĎϰߏˉᓂФશ ۳ᏎĎؚ̾ʶԠੰᖠĄ ˉᓂē!̊ЁʟĕΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎղࢇካձϒԠʟĄ ڍڍē!ձїુᅄҁĎސΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ą۹བྷჳē!ņϵࣜኬ ̮ΔĎ͎ʹኬ̄ى5ŇĎސʙᔈʶԠᎿĕ ē!ోĕ˚ࡌͫ᛫rჳབྷĎѱ࢈ኵʟґĄվվվĎቜʰࣴĎඊ͟ࡌ ଳʟĄ ڍڍē!ސҢĕվվվĎቜҲĎቜҲĄӨ࢈ʙਔߏӨ࢈ڟશַ̄ੁʙ ٔґĄ ڍڍďďˉᓂď˛قďલ̈ďقēЁĎੁٔĕ
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. ᇲ̏ ᇲ̏ Compound Sentences A compound sentence is a sentence composed of two linked clauses which are related in theme. In Chinese, a compound sentence is usually linked with conjunctions (e.g. ϰߏ//////)ؚ̾ϰߏ////// *ؚ̾because . . . therefore) or conjunctives (e.g. adverbs: ˗, ౷ and [ *ܓ)ܓquè] but, yet, however). The linking conjunction or conjunctive indicates the relationship between the clauses. (Note: by clause we mean subjectpredicate or topic-comment constructions which are part of a larger sentence. In this lesson, we refer to any sentence that is linked to another sentence as a clause.) Conjunctions in Chinese usually occur as pairs. However, when the context is clear, one or both of the conjunctions may be omitted. A conjunctive which is an adverb may only occur in the second clause and is placed before a verbal phrase. For example, A paired conjunction:
ϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////)ϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////*
Because you often help him, he is very appreciative.
ϰߏѱલᐓ҅͂Ďݞؚ͂̾๐ጭ [g`njX] (thankful)Ą ϰߏѱલᐓ҅͂Ďݞؚ͂̾๐ጭĄ ϰߏѱલᐓ҅͂Ď͂ݞ๐ጭĄ ϰߏѱલᐓ҅͂Ď͂ݞ๐ጭĄ ѱલᐓ҅͂Ďݞؚ͂̾๐ጭĄ ѱલᐓ҅͂Ďݞؚ͂̾๐ጭĄ Conjunctives (adverb):
[ *ܓ)ܓquè] (but)
ѱલᐓ҅͂Ď͂˚ܓ๐ጭĄ ѱલᐓ҅͂Ď͂˚ܓ๐ጭĄ
You often help him, but he is not appreciative. >> Try
it! With a partner, use ΐ ˞ֺݯΐ ˞ֺݯand ڳ ڳto make some compound sentences. For example,
! !
ӨϰߏΡॾʟĎ˚ؚ̾͞ʰĄ ӨϰߏΡॾʟĎ˚ؚ̾͞ʰĄ
! !
͂ЁЁڟĎܓԠվʰĄ ͂ЁЁڟĎܓԠվʰĄ
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A. ΐடീΐᇲ̏ ΐடീΐᇲ̏ Cause-and-Effect Conjunctions and Their Compound Sentences When two clauses have a cause-and-effect relationship, the first clause usually indicates the cause (reason) and the second one usually indicates the effect (result). The following chart is a list of the most commonly used (paired) conjunctions in cause-and-effect compound sentences. Cause-and-effect conjunctions
ϰߏ//////Ďؚ̾////// ϰߏ//////Ďؚ̾////// clause 1 because
clause 2 therefore
Features
UÊ 7
iÊÌ
iÊVÌiÝÌÊ is clear, ϰߏ! )ϰߏ* or !ؚ̾ ) *ؚ̾can be omitted.
ϰߏѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď ϰߏѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď
UÊ -iÌiÃÊÌ
iÊ
ϰߏѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎձཌԚʟĄ ϰߏѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎձཌԚʟĄ
ϰߏ)ϰߏ* clause (acting as an afterthought) follows the consequence clause. In this case *ؚ̾)ؚ̾must be omitted.
Υػ//////ĎϰЪ////// Υػ//////ĎϰЪ////// clause 1 because
clause 2 therefore
Examples Because of your help, the matter has been resolved.
UÊ Υ)ػΥ*ػ/////
ϰЪ)ϰЪ*////// is used more in writing than
ϰߏ)ϰߏ*////// *ؚ̾)ؚ̾. UÊ Υ)ػΥ *ػor ϰЪ)ϰЪ* can be omitted.
ؚ̾ձཌԚʟĄ ؚ̾ձཌԚʟĄ
ձཌԚʟĎϰߏѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ą ձཌԚʟĎϰߏѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ą (the ϰߏ)ϰߏ* clause acts as an afterthought)
Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď ϰЪձཌԚʟĄ ϰЪձཌԚʟĄ Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎձཌԚʟĄ Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎձཌԚʟĄ
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Cause-and-effect conjunctions
Υػ//////Ď////// Υػ//////Ď////// clause 1 clause 2 due to, because of
Υػ//////Ďؚ̾////// Υػ//////Ďؚ̾////// due to
therefore
Features
UÊ Υ)ػΥ *ػmay also be used with *ؚ̾)ؚ̾.
Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎձཌԚʟĄ Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎձཌԚʟĄ
UÊ Υ)ػΥ*ػ////// *ؚ̾)ؚ̾is used more in writing than ϰߏ!
Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď Υػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď
UÊ ސΥސ)ػΥ*ػ occurs in the second clause to emphasize the cause or reason for something. UÊ ÕÃi`ÊÀiÊÊ writing
ձཌԚʟĎސΥػѱ࢈ ձཌԚʟĎސΥػѱ࢈
UÊ ߏʟ)ߏʟ* occurs in the first clause to provide reason.
ߏʟѱڟશĎѱુʰ͞ᐮޥ ߏʟѱڟશĎѱુʰ͞ᐮޥ
UÊ ͫЁ)ͫЁ* occurs in the second clause to indicate a result of the first clause.
ձඹվඹᑸĎӨ࢈ཌԚ˚ʟĎ ձඹվඹᑸĎӨ࢈ཌԚ˚ʟĎ
//////ؚ̾//////! )ϰߏ//////!ؚ̾ //////*.
//////Ď //////Ď
ސΥػ ސΥػ
clause 1
clause 2 is because of . . .
ߏʟ//////Ď////// ߏʟ//////Ď//////
//////Ď //////Ď
ͫЁ////// ͫЁ//////
clause 1 reason
clause 2 result, have to, be forced to
Examples Because of your help, the matter has been resolved.
ؚ̾ձཌԚʟĄ ؚ̾ձཌԚʟĄ
ڟᐓ҅Ą ڟᐓ҅Ą
ѱڟĄ ѱڟĄ
ͫЁቜѱ࢈ᐓДʟĄ ͫЁቜѱ࢈ᐓДʟĄ The matter is getting worse, we cannot resolve it, (therefore) we have to ask for your help.
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it! With a partner, use the cause-and-effect conjunctions to make some compound sentences. For example,
! !
ӨΥػΡॾʟĎؚ̾Ԡ͞ʰĄ ӨΥػΡॾʟĎؚ̾Ԡ͞ʰĄ
B. ૈͧடീૈͧᇲ̏ ૈͧடീૈͧᇲ̏ Conditional Conjunctions and Their Compound Sentences Conditional compound sentences are linked by conjunctions that indicate a hypothesis and a conditional relationship between the clauses. The following chart lists the most commonly used (paired) conjunctions and conjunctives in conditional compound sentences. Conditional conjunctions/ conjunctives
ࡌސ//////Ď౷ ࡌސ//////Ď౷ clause 1 clause 2 if . . . then . . . Ѓَ)Ѓَ* [rúguc] պ)պ* [ji`shb] Ѓ)Ѓ* [ji`rú] ࠷)࠷* [ji`ruò]
Features UÊ /
iÃiÊwÛiÊVÕVÌÃÊ share the same pattern and meaning. UÊ /
iÞÊ>ÀiÊÃÌi`ÊÊÀ`iÀÊ from the most common spoken style, ࡌ*ސࡌ)ސ, to the one used mostly in writing, ࠷)࠷*. UÊ ౷)౷* occurs in the second clause and is placed after the subject and before a verbal phrase.
Examples
ࡌސѱ࢈˚ᐓДĎ ࡌސѱ࢈˚ᐓДĎ ձ౷ԁᑸʟĄ ձ౷ԁᑸʟĄ If you don’t help, the matter will get worse.
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Conditional conjunctions/ conjunctives
//////Ď! ˚ഓ)˚ഓ* [bùrán] clause
ҏ)܌ҏ*܌ [fcuzé] clause 1 clause 2 otherwise, or
ͫФ//////Ď//////˗////// ͫФ//////Ď//////˗////// clause 1 clause 2 (condition), (consequence) only if/when
ͫࡌ//////Ď౷////// ͫࡌ//////Ď౷////// as long as . . . , (then) . . .
Features
Examples
UÊ ˚ഓ)˚ഓ* is used more in speaking than ҏ)܌ҏ*܌. UÊ ˚ഓ0ҏ˚)܌ഓ0ҏ!*܌ occurs at the beginning of the second clause.
ѱ࢈ʙࡌסᐓДĎ˚ഓ ѱ࢈ʙࡌסᐓДĎ˚ഓ
UÊ ÕVÌÊͫФ)ͫФ* followed by ˗)˗* indicates an “if and only if” relationship between the clauses. UÊ /
iÊÃiV`ÊV>ÕÃiÊ`V>ÌiÃÊ a result that arises only under the condition set out in the first clause.
ͫФѱ࢈ڻᐓДĎ ͫФѱ࢈ڻᐓДĎ
UÊ ÕVÌÊͫࡌ)ͫࡌ* followed by ౷)౷* indicates an “as long as” relationship between the clauses. UÊ ౷)౷* is placed after a subject and before a verbal phrase.
ͫࡌѱ࢈ᐓДĎ ͫࡌѱ࢈ᐓДĎ
)ҏ*܌ձԁᑸĄ )ҏ*܌ձԁᑸĄ You definitely need to help, otherwise the matter will get worse.
ձ˗ཌԚĄ ձ˗ཌԚĄ Only if you agree to help can the matter be resolved. [ *ڻ)ڻkan] agree, be willing to
ձ౷ཌԚʟĄ ձ౷ཌԚʟĄ As long as you help, the matter will be resolved.
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Conditional conjunctions/ conjunctives
Features
ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ////// ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ//////
UÊ ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ//////!
if without . . . , then it will be without . . .
>> Try
Examples
ԠФѱ̾ڟ܉ᐓДĎ )ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ//////* ԠФѱ̾ڟ܉ᐓДĎ
is a set pair of conjunctions indicating that the first clause is a necessary condition for the second clause. UÊ ÃÊÕÃi`ÊÀiÊÊëi>}°
౷ԠФ୪ϵڟӨ࢈Ą ౷ԠФ୪ϵڟӨ࢈Ą ԠФࣜ౷ԠФʡΕĄ ԠФࣜ౷ԠФʡΕĄ
it! With a partner, use conditional conjunctions to make some compound sentences. For example,
! !
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ࡌސӨॾЁʟĎӨʙ͞ס͑ѱڟΡ̠Ą ࡌސӨॾЁʟĎӨʙ͞ס͑ѱڟΡ̠Ą
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
“Thank You,” and an Invitation to Dinner ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
ַقલ̈Ď ѱ࢈ЁĎӨˉސᓂĄᓂᓂѱ࢈ਚӨ͞ᖂĎᓙલલվӨĄᓂᓂ ѱ࢈̴ڣтࣱĎᐓӨቜĎᓙᐓӨᎲ୩۳ᏎڟձĄΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ ҅ĎӨ̾͟Њ̖ϴτኴĎ୪ϵݮಈુݞЁĎۨલ๐ᓂѱ࢈̄ڟַᐓ ҅Ą ӨჳЩ̊ސబຮѱ࢈ʟĎࡌ˚ސѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ďձ͟ ԁᑸĎؚ̾Ђ๑ቜѱ࢈ϬĎЁЁϴൎᓂѱ࢈ĄЂࡌ५ϴഔʙह ඊቜѱ࢈྆վϬĄҙටѱ࢈ĎӨੈڟЁϬʟĎѓࡷ֨ࢍ ϒĎѱ࢈ʙסᜍڟĄ ޑೈ˲ଏʰʜᔈĎϵӨࣜĄ֗ढĎӨ͟ࡌЁЁϴѱ࢈ੁ ʙٔĄޑೈ˲ଏʰʜᔈՎĕ !
Notes:
Ꮂ୩)Ꮂ୩* [bànlb]: to take care of, handle Њ̖)Њ̖* [VnxXn]: to have peace of mind, have no worries ഔ)ഔ* [zhd]: to cook
ˉᓂ
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
“Thank You,” and an Invitation to Dinner ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
ַقલ̈Ď ѱ࢈ЁĎӨˉސᓂĄᓂᓂѱ࢈ਚӨ͞ᖂĎᓙલલվӨĄᓂᓂ ѱ࢈̴ڣтࣱĎᐓӨቜĎᓙᐓӨᎲ୩۳ᏎڟձĄΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ ҅ĎӨ̾͟Њ̖ϴτኴĎ୪ϵݮಈુݞЁĎۨલ๐ᓂѱ࢈̄ڟַᐓ ҅Ą ӨჳЩ̊ސబຮѱ࢈ʟĎࡌ˚ސѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ďձ͟ ԁᑸĎؚ̾Ђ๑ቜѱ࢈ϬĎЁЁϴൎᓂѱ࢈ĄЂࡌ५ϴഔʙह ඊቜѱ࢈྆վϬĄҙටѱ࢈ĎӨੈڟЁϬʟĎѓࡷ֨ࢍ ϒĎѱ࢈ʙסᜍڟĄ ޑೈ˲ଏʰʜᔈĎϵӨࣜĄ֗ढĎӨ͟ࡌЁЁϴѱ࢈ੁ ʙٔĄޑೈ˲ଏʰʜᔈՎĕ !
ˉᓂ
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
ФࢺղʙڟჭַٲΡච͎୪ϵ๐ᓂᓜቜ͚ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈! Ӳ͎վĄ ФࢺղʙڟჭַٲΡච͎୪ϵ๐ᓂᓜቜ͚ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈! Ӳ͎վĄ
2.
Ӱ๐ᓂ͚ᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą Ӱ๐ᓂ͚ᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY ߛ׆Хߛ׆ ٽХ[ ٽbá miáo zhù zheng] Meaning: Pulling up the seedling to help it grow. Usage: It implies spoiling things through excessive enthusiasm. Example:
ᓂᓂѱҙටӨĎؚ̾ЂԠФņ҅࠻ئŇĎࡌӨ֍Б! ढӰ˃ደӇĄ ᓂᓂѱҙටӨĎؚ̾ЂԠФņ҅࠻ئŇĎࡌӨ֍Б! ढӰ˃ደӇĄ
Pay special attention to the usage of cause-and-effect conjunctions and conditional conjunctions.
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ӈФʙཻ̉Ď͂ᚈુ͂ڟধ࠻̊ુယʟĎӰ͂ݨЫʟĄ! ͂Ԑ̈ϵ๑ൿēࡌސӨڟধ࠻ુӤʙᔈĎե౷̊ЁʟĄФʙ ̈Ď͂๑Ďধ࠻ьˏ˚ӤĎӨͫЁᐓ͂࢈ӤʙᔈґĄ͂๑֗ʟ ʙЁ̟ٲĎ͂ӰԐʙধ࠻ئʟʙᔈĎ֗ʟଏʰ͂˗ϱࣜϬ Ą ͂ݞ፹ϴҙට͂ࣜڟʡჳēˬ̈ӰӨணЫʟĎϰߏΤཇڟধ࠻ ̊ુယʟĎؚ̾Ө౷ᐓͺ࢈Ą୪ϵĎΥػӨڟᐓ҅ĎΤཇڟধ ࠻ʟĄ ͂˅ڟᚈુݞЁĎ౷ව֗Τཇ͞ĎൖَΤཇڟধ࠻ ޝזඈʟĄ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ӈФʙཻ̉Ď͂ᚈુ͂ڟধ࠻̊ુယʟĎӰ͂ݨЫʟĄ! ͂Ԑ̈ϵ๑rēࡌސӨڟধ࠻ુӤʙᔈĎե౷̊ЁʟĄФʙ ̈Ď͂๑Ďধ࠻ьˏ˚ӤĎӨͫЁᐓ͂࢈ӤʙᔈґĄ͂๑֗ʟ ʙЁ̟ٲĎ͂ӰԐʙধ࠻ئʟʙᔈĎ֗ʟଏʰ͂˗ϱࣜϬ Ą ͂ݞ፹ϴҙට͂ࣜڟʡჳēˬ̈ӰӨணЫʟĎϰߏΤཇڟধ࠻ ̊ુယʟĎؚ̾Ө౷ᐓͺ࢈Ą୪ϵĎΥػӨڟᐓ҅ĎΤཇڟধ ࠻ʟĄ ͂˅ڟᚈુݞЁĎ౷ව֗Τཇ͞ĎൖَΤཇڟধ࠻ ޝזඈʟĄ Notes:
ӈ)ӈ* [Sòngguó]: the State of Song ཻ̉)ཻ̉* [nóngfZ]: farmer ̟[ *ٲ̟)ٲfVngf`]: method [ *ئ)ئbá]: to pull Ё)Ё[ *hàoqí]: curious ൖَ)ൖَ* [jiéguc]: as a result of ޝඈ)ޝඈ* [kZwai]: to wither
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēthe cause-and-effect conjunctions and the conditional conjunctions.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēthe cause-and-effect conjunctions and the conditional conjunctions.
ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņ҅࠻ئŇވڟձĄ ! ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņ҅࠻ئŇވڟձĄ 2.
ቜņ҅࠻ئŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņ҅࠻ئŇڟս˅Ą ! ቜņ҅࠻ئŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņ҅࠻ئŇڟս˅Ą 3.
4.ņ҅࠻ئŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
! ņ҅࠻ئŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
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ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 12-1 Listen to the dialogue between ̄ ىand ˉ۳ and then answer the following questions. Check them with your partner. Notes:
у)у*![lùk`o]: driving test ኽັ)ኽັ* [jiàzhào]: driving license у)у* [k`och`ng]: test place ҆ʨ)҆ʨ* [ndlì]: to make great efforts ཷ)ཷ* [zài]: to give somebody a ride ᆊঢ)ᆊঢ* [qìngzhù]: to celebrate ਐᕀ ਐᕀ t 1.
ˉ۳Ф˧ᅄձĔ ˉ۳Ф˧ᅄձĔ
2.
̄ىᐓˉ۳ੈʟ˧ᅄձĔ ̄ىᐓˉ۳ੈʟ˧ᅄձĔ
3.
ˉ۳ݩސᅄჳ๐ᓂ̄ڟىབྷĔ ˉ۳ݩސᅄჳ๐ᓂ̄ڟىབྷĔ
4.
̄ݩސىᅄϱൎˉ۳ڟ๐ᓂĔ ̄ݩސىᅄϱൎˉ۳ڟ๐ᓂĔ
5.
͂࢈୪ϵࡌ͞ࢺĔݩᅄ͞Ĕ ͂࢈୪ϵࡌ͞ࢺĔݩᅄ͞Ĕ
6.
ʮ̾˧ੈ͞ࡌ࢈͂ݣᅄĔݩᅄ͞Ĕ ʮ̾˧ੈ͞ࡌ࢈͂ݣᅄĔݩᅄ͞Ĕ
12-2 Based on the short passage you just listened to, fill in the blanks in the following sentences using the following conjunctions ސΥސ)ػΥ*ػ, ˚ഓ, Υ)ػΥ*ػ, ϰЪ, ϰߏ)ϰߏ*, or ߏʟ)ߏʟ*. Then check them with your partner. 1.
ˉ۳྆уʟĎ________ ͂ऌ֗ኽັʟĕ ˉ۳྆уʟĎ________ ͂ऌ֗ኽັʟĕ
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2.
̄ىલˉ۳ማՙĎ________ ˉ۳ʶ˚྆уĄ ̄ىલˉ۳ማՙĎ________ ˉ۳ʶ˚྆уĄ
3.
̄ىჳˉ۳྆уĎ________ ˉ۳҆ڟʨĄ ̄ىჳˉ۳྆уĎ________ ˉ۳҆ڟʨĄ
4.
ˉ۳ᚈુ˚ݞЁ๎ݦĎ________ ͂̊బຮ̄ىʟĄ ˉ۳ᚈુ˚ݞЁ๎ݦĎ________ ͂̊బຮ̄ىʟĄ
5.
ˉ۳ჳē________ ͂ФኽັʟĎ________ ͂̾͟ՙʟĄ ˉ۳ჳē________ ͂ФኽັʟĎ________ ͂̾͟ՙʟĄ
II. Character Exercises 12-3 Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
ൎ ൎ
ഔ ഔ
ൎᓂ ൎᓂ
ഔʟʙहඊ ഔʟʙहඊ
ࡌൎᓂѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ ࡌൎᓂѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅
५ϴഔʟʙहඊ ५ϴഔʟʙहඊ
ߏʟࡌൎᓂѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď! Өቜ݊Ą ߏʟࡌൎᓂѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď! Өቜ݊Ą
५ϴഔʟʙहඊĎቜ͂࢈ ϬĄ ५ϴഔʟʙहඊĎቜ͂࢈ ϬĄ
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
ݮ ݮ
2.
ಎ ಎ
3.
ࣛ ࣛ
4.
5.
ቷ ቷ
6.
Ꮞ Ꮞ
7.
ᄄ ᄄ
8.
۳ ۳
9.
ຎ ካ
10.
ኬ ኬ
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12-4 Read aloud the following sentences. Write them out using traditional characters. Then check your answers with a partner. 1.
Υػѱڟᐓ҅ĎӨݮಈુݞЁĄ __________________________________________________________________________
2.
ढĎӨ˚คවĎጌ̈ᘰϵࣜཇĎӤӰӨಎЫʟĕ __________________________________________________________________________
3.
ӨᎿʟĎݣअĕ˚྆ĎӨʶ֗ʙཾ୩Ą __________________________________________________________________________
4.
ϻᒫʟѱ࢈Ď˚ഓَݣ౷˚௩๑ʟĄ __________________________________________________________________________
5.
ᘰػቜַ۳ᏎڟձĎӨᎲЁʟĄ __________________________________________________________________________
6.
ˉᓂФᖂΡᘌقĎϰЪ˚ীࣰĄ͂ϱվʰ̾ݣĎʶ͟ ̾͑ᄄዲďངуĄ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
12-5 Form groups and create phrases with the following words (pay attention to the various usages of each word). Example:
1.
2.
3.
ีēʪˤีᏀ! ีēʪˤีᏀ!
ʙีᘢ˅Ďʙีᚨ͓Ďʙี፤ ʙีᘢ˅Ďʙีᚨ͓Ďʙี፤
ཾē__________________ ཾē__________________
______________________________________________
Ъē__________________ Ъē__________________
______________________________________________
ዲē__________________ ዲē__________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
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ጌē__________________ ጌē__________________
______________________________________________
ݣē__________________ ݣē__________________
______________________________________________
ᘲē__________________ ᘲē__________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Homophones: Example: [shì]
ˁēᛖˁ ˁēᛖˁ ސēѱސቢĔ ސēѱސቢĔ
1. [
]
҅ē________________________ ҅ē________________________ ঢē________________________ ঢē________________________ ўē________________________ ўē________________________
2. [
]
˴ē________________________ ˴ē________________________ ࣾē________________________ ࣾē________________________ ˎē________________________ ˎē________________________ ͒ē________________________ ͒ē________________________
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͎ē________________________ ͎ē________________________ ۑē________________________ ۑē________________________
4. [
]
ԏē________________________ ԏē________________________ ˚ē________________________ ˚ē________________________ ఋē________________________ ఋē________________________
5. [
]
௩ē________________________ ௩ē________________________ ھē________________________ ھē________________________ ᚸē________________________ ᚸē________________________
6. [
]
ؒē________________________ ؒē________________________ חē________________________ חē________________________ ē________________________ ē________________________ ፹ē________________________ ፹ē________________________
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III. Grammar Exercises 12-6 Compound Sentences Situation: قis searching for some tips on how to write Chinese characters beautifully. He posted a question online and received the following replies. With your partner, use the following cause-and-effect conjunctions to translate the following replies orally.
ϰߏ//////Ďؚ̾////// ϰߏ//////Ďؚ̾//////
Υػ////// Υػ//////
ϰЪ////// ϰЪ//////
ސΥػ ސΥػ
ߏʟ ߏʟ
ͫЁ ͫЁ
’قs question on how to write Chinese characters beautifully. ݩᅄᆺ˗ᅸ͎ၔ۫ڟၕЅĔ ݩᅄᆺ˗ᅸ͎ၔ۫ڟၕЅĔ Replies. 1. I practice writing characters every day; therefore, my characters are beautifully written. )use ϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////* __________________________________________________________________________ 2. My characters do not look good either. I have to practice an hour every day. )use ͫЁ* __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Because I spend an hour every day practicing writing characters, now I can write them very well. )use Υ*ػ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. My Chinese characters look good because I write a love letter to my Chinese girlfriend every day. )use ސΥ*ػ __________________________________________________________________________ 5. I write the characters slowly; therefore, I can write them well. )use
ϰЪ*
__________________________________________________________________________ 6. I review the characters in the character book every day; therefore, I can write them beautifully. )use ϰЪ* __________________________________________________________________________
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قis using the key words )ᘰᓤЅ)ᘰᓤЅ* [guVnjiànzì]* શ, ᓫະ)ᓫະ*, and )ڳ *ڳin an online search engine )Ⴉʰ̕ᐝ! )Ⴉʰ̕ᐝ* [w`ngshàng sYuxún ybnqíng]*. Here are some suggestions he
12-7 Situation:
collected. With your partner, use the following conditional conjunctions to translate them orally into compound sentences.
ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎպĎ࠷*//////Ď౷ ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎպĎ࠷*//////Ď౷ ͫФ//////Ď˗ ͫФ//////Ď˗
˚ഓĎ ˚ഓĎ
ҏ܌ ҏ܌
ͫࡌ//////Ď౷! ! ԠФ//////౷ԠФ ͫࡌ//////Ď౷! ! ԠФ//////౷ԠФ
1. If you work out every day, you will be healthy. )use
ࡌސ//////Ď౷*
__________________________________________________________________________ 2. If you get up and go to bed early every day, then you will be healthy. )use
Ѓَ*
__________________________________________________________________________ 3. Without sleep you won’t be healthy. )use – ႃ [shuìmián]: sleep
ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ*
__________________________________________________________________________ 4. Only if you don’t smoke and don’t drink will you be healthy. )use
ͫФ//////Ď˗*
__________________________________________________________________________ 5. You need to quit smoking, otherwise you will be unhealthy. )use
ҏ*܌
__________________________________________________________________________ 6. As long as you work out every day, you will be able to lose weight. )use ͫࡌ//////Ď౷* __________________________________________________________________________ 7. You need to eat less and get more exercise or you will get fatter and fatter. )use ˚ഓ* __________________________________________________________________________
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IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. שʤܰӪᖞ שʤܰӪᖞ Friends Are an Excellent Remedy
ᒅЅē
ސ̄ىՊᗾ ņސ̄ىՊᗾĎ!ŇટࣜҙටӨ࢈Ďٽᑛॽॾ˚ฉኬᗾڐĎᓙ
ᄯࡌַ̄ӤᇅĄ ટࣜӰʡ࢈˷Й֍ੈဂĎʙФᗀߏڐѢĎͪʙ܌ ԠФĄൖَᘌقĎ܉ʙ͎୪ڟશੰᖠ̨ݣʙ̍ʙ͘Ąى ַ̄ᗀڐЙߏᄄ҅ٽᑛڟʙՊᗾĄ
ᕏЅē
ސ̄ىՊᗾ ņސ̄ىՊᗾĎ!ŇટࣜҙටӨ࢈Ďٽᑛॽॾ˚ฉኬᗾڐĎᓙ
ᄯࡌַ̄ӤᇅĄ ટࣜӰʡ࢈˷Й֍ੈဂĎʙФᗀߏڐѢĎͪʙ܌ ԠФĄൖَᘌقĎ܉ʙ͎୪ڟશੰᖠ̨ݣʙ̍ʙ͘Ąى ַ̄ᗀڐЙߏᄄ҅ٽᑛڟʙՊᗾĄ
Note:
Պᗾ)Պᗾ* [liángyào]: excellent remedy
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Exercises for the headlines: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following questions. 1. What can you tell about the news by skimming the headline? 2. How would you translate the headline into English? 3. What is the spoken counterpart for the written form “Պ”? Notes:
ટࣜ)ટࣜ* [zhuVnjiV]: experts ˚ฉ//////Ďᓙ//////)˚ฉ//////Ďᓙ//////*: not only . . . but also ဂ)ဂ* [shíyàn]: experiment )* [zd]: set, group ᗀ)ڐᗀ[ *ڐchcngwù]: pet ߏѢ)ߏѢ* [wéibàn]: to keep company, as a companion ᄄ҅ٽᑛ)ᄄ҅ٽᑛ* [fdzhù zhìliáo]: supplementary treatment
Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. What was the experiment carried out by the experts? What was the result of the experiment? 2. What did the experts suggest? 3. Can you find any written expressions in the article? What are the spoken counterparts for the following expressions.
˚ฉ//////Ďᓙ//////)˚ฉ//////Ďᓙ//////* Йߏ)Йߏ* 4. Point out the sentences which contain Lesson 12 vocabulary, then translate the sentences into English, for example, ̄)̄*, ᘌ)قᘌ*ق. 5. How can pets help cure patients? 6. How do you feel about the importance of friendship? 7. Use your own words to summarize the headline and article.
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V. Communicative Activities Work with a partner or a group. Try to incorporate the following conjunctions to act out the situations below: Cause-and-effect conjunctions
ϰߏ//////Ďؚ̾////// ϰߏ//////Ďؚ̾//////
Υػ//////ĎϰЪ Υػ//////ĎϰЪ
ސΥػ ސΥػ
ͫЁ ͫЁ
Conditional conjunctions
ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎպĎ࠷*//////Ď౷ ˚ഓ ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎպĎ࠷*//////Ď౷ ˚ഓ ͫФ//////Ď˗ ͫࡌ//////Ď౷ ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ ͫФ//////Ď˗ ͫࡌ//////Ď౷ ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ 12-8
ՙ˅വ˚ʟ)ՙ˅വ˚ʟ*ēYou parked your car in the parking lot. You were in a hurry and forgot to turn off the lights. When you returned to your car after class your car wouldn’t start and you realized that the battery had died. You call your friends, explain the situation, and ask for help. Notes:
വ)വ* [fVdòng]: to operate ྫб)ྫб* [diànchí]: battery വዢ)വዢ* [fVdòngqì]: starter ྫស)ྫស* [diànl`n]: cable
బຮ َݣ ۯ Ԡ˧ᅄ ۹བྷ ኬ బຮ َݣ ۯ Ԡ˧ᅄ ۹བྷ ኬ
ᓂ̈ᓂϴ ݣअ ̄ ᓂ̈ᓂϴ ݣअ ̄
1. Call your friends and explain the situation. 2. Your friends drive their car over to give you a jump start. 3. You are very grateful and show your appreciation. 4. Your friends say that it’s nothing, no trouble at all.
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డʮુ̊˃ʟĎϰЪՙ˅͎˚վĄ డʮુ̊˃ʟĎϰЪՙ˅͎˚վĄ It is a cold winter. Last night there was a big snow storm. When you try to drive your car out of the driveway, you are blocked by deep snow. Your kind neighbor comes out to help shovel the snow and apply salt. You invite him inside for a cup of hot chocolate to show your appreciation. Notes:
ኑ)רኑ[ *רlínjZ]: neighbor ฑడ)ฑడ* [ch`nxua]: to shovel snow ਸ਼డጠ)ਸ਼డጠ* [chúxuajX]: snow blower, snow plow ՙཾ)ՙཾ* [chWdào]: driveway Ֆཾ)Ֆཾ* [zcudào]: footpath )* [shWn]: deep ង)ង* [yán]: salt ᆪង)ᆪង* [s`yán]: to scatter salt ൖϕ)ൖϕ* [jiébXng]: freeze, ice up ϕѾ)ڟϕѾ[ *ڟbXnglangde]: icy )* [huá]: slippery ᇥͽѺʨ)ᇥͽѺʨ* [rè qi`okèlì]: hot chocolate
ಎЫ ཌԚ ۯబຮ ࣛ ۹བྷ ኬ ̄ ಎЫ ཌԚ ۯబຮ ࣛ ۹བྷ ኬ ̄ 1. 2. 3. 4.
You are working alone at first, then your kind neighbor comes out to help. You are grateful and show your appreciation. Your neighbor says that it’s nothing. You invite him inside to have hot chocolate, chat about the big snow storm, etc.
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ᓤᑢ ᓤᑢ Giving Gifts and Thanks The ways in which Chinese people Do you know… [lí] (pears) and ఴ)ఴ* give and accept thanks are quite [s`n] (umbrellas) are not given s WHATITEMSARE GENERALLYCONSIDERED complex. Unlike the Western as gifts because they sound TOBEBADGIFTSIN custom, compliments are not like the words for ᖔ)ᖔ* #HINESECULTURE 7HY graciously accepted with a “thank [lí] (to separate) and ಹ [sàn] s WHETHERTHE#HINESE you,” but rather with a “not at (to disperse). You should also USUALLYOPENGIFTS all,” or “it is nothing.” Accepting avoid giving a handkerchief as WHENTHEYARE RECEIVED 7HY direct praise or appreciation is a present, as it is believed to s WHATARESOME considered poor etiquette. cause the recipient to cry. Sharp COMMONGIFTSAMONG #HINESEPEOPLE In Western culture, a thank objects imply the severance of a you or thank-you notes are relationship, so steer clear of Read and find out! acceptable ways to show knives and scissors. Avoid giving appreciation. In China, however, a white or yellow flowers (especially thank-you dinner or gift is preferred as a chrysanthemums), which are used for more tangible expression of gratitude. Gift funerals. giving may seem like a trivial matter, but Once a suitable gift is found, care should there are actually many practices and be taken to present it in the proper manner. traditions that go along with it in Chinese First, wrap the gift in a color symbolizing culture. happiness or prosperity, such as red or gold. When it comes to gift giving, there are Avoid using black or white, colors generally certain items that are generally considered used at funerals. When signing a card or to be bad choices. These items should be note, avoid using red ink, since it symbolizes avoided, as they are typically associated with the end of a relationship. Gifts should be death, grief, and bad luck. For example, presented with two hands and given directly clocks should not be given as gifts because to the recipient. The Chinese usually do not the phrase ਚᚘ)ਚᚘ* [sòng zhYng] open gifts at the time they are received, since (give a clock) sounds like the phrase to do so would seem greedy. Also, gifts should be given in private, not in front of ਚத)ਚத* [sòng zhYng] (to see off the dead). Gifts related to the number other people. Otherwise, this can embarrass four should also be avoided, since the the recipient and imply that those not word for four in Chinese Ͳ [sì] (four) receiving a gift are less valued. Chinese sounds like the word for Ы [sb] (death). etiquette requires that a person decline a gift 387
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or invitation two or three times before accepting. It is expected that the giver will persist, gently, until the gift is accepted. When giving a gift one should take into consideration how expensive it is. Giving a gift that would make it impossible for the receiver to reciprocate in kind would cause a
loss of face and place them in a difficult position. Some good ideas for gifts include jade, liquor, cigarettes, tea, artwork, or some local famous products. Modern choices also include health products, or beauty products for women.
!THANK YOUDINNERISAMORETANGIBLEFORMOFSHOWING APPRECIATION4OPOURTEAFORANOTHERISACOURTEOUS PRACTICE7HATOTHERWAYSDO#HINESEUSETOSHOWTHEIR THANKSANDAPPRECIATION
(ERBALSUPPLEMENTSAREONEOFTHECOMMONGIFTSAMONG #HINESE7HATOTHERGIFTSDOTHE#HINESETYPICALLYGIVE
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ϵྀے๐ᓂַਚᕄ̟ϲљ̜˽Ф˧ᅄߺѭ˚ڱؖϣڟϴ̟Ĕ ϵྀے๐ᓂַਚᕄ̟ϲљ̜˽Ф˧ᅄߺѭ˚ڱؖϣڟϴ̟Ĕ What similarities and differences are there between Chinese and Western culture regarding how to show and accept appreciation?
2.
ϵѱ࢈˛໋˽̜ڟĎ˧ᅄސЁڟᕄڐĔϵਚᕄ̟Ф˧ᅄӠֹĔ ϵѱ࢈˛໋˽̜ڟĎ˧ᅄސЁڟᕄڐĔϵਚᕄ̟Ф˧ᅄӠֹĔ Provide some examples from your culture of good gifts or gift taboos.
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Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
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መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE अ˚໋ۑ अ˚໋ۑ To regret a previous mistake Regret having done something
! !
hub
bù
dVngchZ
अ! अ!
˚! ˚!
໋ۑ ໋ۑ
to regret
not
originally, at that time
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. Are there any similar sayings in English or other languages that provide a similar expression of regret? How do you react to somebody’s regret?
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Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! ˳ႅ ˳ႅ Mailing a Package
લ̈ڟΡ̠౷ࡌ֗ʟĎ͂ࢰࢰચʟʙ͓ქ൝͂Ďཇڟ͂ސΡ̠ᕄ ڐĄ̾ʮ͓ސქʹڟාχཏĄ લ̈ڟΡ̠౷ࡌ֗ʟĎ͂ࢰࢰચʟʙ͓ქ൝͂Ďཇڟ͂ސΡ̠ᕄ ڐĄ̾ʮ͓ސქʹڟාχཏĄ
ɻജɁ̵ͳਝ൯ ܧਝऋ҄ਿႮ൯ͧੱ௰ ˵ԕϹਂ൯ܧ
ͧɁ շΊēલ๒Ε Δэē!͕յͿљ˃10༴ ཋē010-588-11345! ʑࢀ႓עēपĎјַوώႅ
൯ܧᇁᆦē100035
Lesson 12
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Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
νͧɁ շΊē!લ̈ Δэē5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA ཋē412-268-9375 Notes:
͓ქ)͓ქ* [bVoguc]: package ා)އා[ *އyóuzhèng]: post ාχ)ාχ* [yóujiàn]: mail ཏ)ཏ* [xiángqíngdVn]: detailed information form ચχʡ)ચχʡ* [jìjiànrén]: sender Нχʡ)Нχʡ* [shYujiànrén]: receiver ๑࿋)๑ණ* [xi`ngxiàng]: to imagine าา)าา* [tiántian kàn]: try to fill in (the form) ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. 2. 3.
ચχʡސቢĎ͓ქࢺૃސચ͎ڟĔ ચχʡސቢĎ͓ქࢺૃސચ͎ڟĔ ͓ქཇ˧ސᅄٍљĔ ͓ქཇ˧ސᅄٍљĔ ̾ʮ˧ސ̜࠼ڟᅄ๎ݦĔ ̾ʮ˧ސ̜࠼ڟᅄ๎ݦĔ (a) ˛ർʡΕϓַා˛)އർʡΕϓַා*އ (b) ᄬ५Ӥટᄎාχཏ)ᄬ५Ӥટᄎාχཏ* (c) ͕յљා͕)އյљා*އ
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4.
Lesson 12
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Expressing Thanks and Appreciation
๑࿋ѱϵ˛Ďʶ๑ચʙ͓ქ֗ࠛĎѱվาาē ๑ණѱϵ˛Ďʶ๑ચʙ͓ქ֗ࠛĎѱվาาē
ͧɁ շΊē Δэē͕յͿљ˃10༴ ཋē!
൯ܧᇁᆦē
ʑࢀ႓עē
νͧɁ շΊē Δэē ཋē
Review
393
నୌ నୌ Review LESSON 11 TO LESSON 12 I. Report With your partner, use at least 15 sentences in Chinese to report an unpleasant experience you have had. Pay attention to your accuracy (e.g. pronunciation, grammar usage) and fluency. Notes:
ձ ༄྆ ٷΡॉ ጊ̖ ሪ బຮ ҁ ̖ ͟ᆕ ൖԂ ձ ༄྆ ٷΡॉ ጊ̖ ሪ బຮ ҁ ̖ ͟ᆕ ൖԂ Object (receiver of action)
)* Subject (doer) ൝)൝* V. other elements ͩ)ͩ* ൝)൝* )* ൝)൝*
II. Dialogue With your partner, use at least 15 sentences to talk in Chinese about a mistake you made previously and explain how you resolved the situation. Useful cause-and-effect conjunctions:
ϰߏ//////Ďؚ̾ ϰߏ//////Ďؚ̾
Υػ//////ĎϰЪ Υػ//////ĎϰЪ
ސΥػ ސΥػ
ߏʟ ߏʟ
Useful conditional conjunctions:
ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎպĎ࠷*//////Ď౷ ˚ഓ0ҏ܌ ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎպĎ࠷*//////Ď౷ ˚ഓ0ҏ܌ ͫФ//////Ď//////˗ ͫࡌ//////Ď౷ ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ ͫФ//////Ď//////˗ ͫࡌ//////Ď౷ ԠФ//////Ď౷ԠФ
ͫЁ ͫЁ
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Review
III. Picture Description With your group, use the passive construction, cause-and-effect conjunctions, and conditional conjunctions to describe the pictures below:
(1)
(2)
IV. Traditional and Simplified Characters With a partner, read each character aloud. Write its traditional form. Then make a phrase and a sentence using the character. Example: L11: L12:
ደ l ደ l ደΡ l ӨސደΡĄ
᛫ )! * ኴ )! *
ᅗ )! * Ⴇ )! *
ࢤ )! * ሪ )! *
ඨ )! * ླ )! *
)! * ᆕ )! *
ᐃ )! *
ᛖ )! *
Ɋɍᇾ Ɋɍᇾ L E S S O N
ࣩ́ ࣩ́
Expressing Anger
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. What are the typical ways to express anger and make complaints in your culture? 2. How do you deal with your anger? Are there any resources available for anger management in your community? This Ρॉ)Ρॉ* [mò sh7ngqì] (don’t be angry) calligraphy couplet can be used as a decoration as well as a motto.
ઠነ͌ᅟ ઠነ͌ᅟ OBJECTIVES ®
Express anger and make complaints
®
Reply and listen to anger and complaints
®
Seek and provide advice
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́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ซ
ซ
cuX
V.
to urge
2.
Ҟޜ
Ҟޜ
ch`ojià
V.O.
to quarrel
3.
̖
̖
xXnqíng
N.
mood
4.
tántan
V.
to chat
5.
ݚᚊ
ݚᚊ
jiànyì
V.
to advise, recommend
N.
advice, recommendation
6.
ݩᅄڟ
ݩᅄڟ
zanmeg`ode
7.
ʬ
ʬ
yòu
Adv.
again
8.
̖ձ
̖ձ
xXnshì
N.
something weighing on one’s mind
9.
ᆵሆߺጠ ᆵሆߺጠ )ᆵѝߺጠ* )ᆵѝߺጠ*
shùm` xiàngjX (shùwèi xiàngjX)
N.
digital camera
10.
ਝ௲
ਝ௲
tuìhuò
V.O.
to return merchandise
11.
గ
గ
péi
V.
to accompany
12.
૮
૮
guà
V.
to hang, hang up (telephone)
13.
κ̈́
κ̈́
jiVodài
V.
to tell, explain, make clear
14.
ટ̖
ટ̖
zhuVnxXn
V.
to concentrate on
15.
ఀ˴
ఀ˴
gVosù gYnglù
N.
highway
16.
ՙႌ
ՙႌ
chWhuò
N.
car accident
what’s wrong, what’s the matter
Lesson 13
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
®
Expressing Anger
e^cn^c
17.
֗
֗
pèngdào
V.C.
to run into
18.
ฬՙ
ฬՙ
sVichW
N.
traffic jam
19.
͎ʿ
͎ʿ
chZkcu
N.
exit
20.
̥
̥
jìnzhb
V.
to prohibit, ban
21.
྆
྆
tYngguò
V.
to go through
22.
պ
պ
shb
V.
to make, cause
23.
Ӈϒ
Ӈϒ
wánquán
Adv.
totally, entirely
24.
˚ʟ
˚ʟ
dòngbuli`o
25.
ࢤࢤ
ࢤࢤ
gVnggVng
Adv.
a moment ago, just now
26.
͔͔ДД
͔͔ДД
cYngcYng mángmáng
Adv.
in a hurry
27.
ཱྀ
ཱྀ
bX
V.
to force
28.
ڸ
ڸ
lùjiVn
N.
shoulder (of a road)
29.
ོॉ
ོॉ
pèngyùnqi
30.
ൖَ
ൖَ
jiéguc
N.
result
31.
ᚌဆ
ᚌဆ
jbngchá
N.
police
32.
Ӻў
Ӻў
zhuVzhù
V.C.
to catch
33.
Ⴔ
Ⴔ
fádVn
N.
ticket, citation
34.
Ꮆ֗
Ꮆ֗
chídào
V.
to be late
35.
ᒐ
ᒐ
shWng
N.
sound
36.
ݪز
ݪز
bàoyuàn
V.
to complain
37.
Јढ
Јढ
shcushí
V.
to be on time
cannot move
to try one’s luck
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igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
38.
൮ॉ
൮ॉ
píqì
39.
࣠ؾ
࣠ؾ
róngyì
Adj.
easy
40.
Ϭᒫ
Ϭᒫ
chXkuX
V.O.
to suffer losses, come to grief
41.
ӽ
ӽ
g`i
V.
to change, revise
42.
ཾ၇
ཾ၇
dàoqiàn
V.O.
to apologize
43.
ࢨቘ
ࢨቘ
yuánliàng
V.
to excuse, forgive
N.
forgiveness
N.
temperament
ਿΊ ਿΊ Proper Nouns igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
̜ͬය
̜ͬය
Shb WénchVo
N.
(full name) Wenchao Shi
2.
Ѥ઼
Ѥ઼
Hé Shùnqiáng
N.
(full name) Shunqiang He
3.
િף
િף
C`iyí
N.
(given name) Caiyi
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ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns
V:! ݩᅄڟĎސ˚ސʬ˄̄ىҞޜ੨Ĕ ! ݩᅄڟĎސ˚ސʬ˄̄ىҞޜ੨Ĕ Zanmeg`o de, shìbushì yòu gWn njpéngyou ch`ojià la?
W:! ܙҢĕѱᅗࣛĎʰ౷ཾڣӨ̖ڟձʟĄ ! ܙҢĕѱᅗࣛĎʰ౷ཾڣӨ̖ڟձʟĄ ÀiyV! Nb zhWn lìhài, m`shàng jiù zhXdào wc de xXnshì le.
V:! ЂซӨӤʙᔈĎᓙκ̈́Өࡌટ̖ՙĄ ! ЂซӨӤʙᔈĎᓙκ̈́Өࡌટ̖ՙĄ
TV cuXwc kuài yìdi`nr, hái jiVodài wc yào zhuVnxXn kVichW.
W:! Ԡ˧ᅄੰᖠҢĕЂЁ࿋̖ˉݞĎ˚Ꮏ࿘ĕ ! Ԡ˧ᅄੰᖠҢĕЂЁ࿋̖ˉݞĎ˚Ꮏ࿘ĕ Méishénme wèntí yV! TV h`oxiàng han xi`oxXn, búcuò ma!
V:! ͎ʿᘰਔվʟĎ̥ՙ˅྆ĎӨཱྀьˏ ! ͎ʿᘰਔվʟĎ̥ՙ˅྆ĎӨཱྀьˏ ChZkcu guVnqblái le, jìnzhb chWzi tYngguò, wc bX zìjb
! ՖڸĎպЂΡॉʟĄ ! ՖڸĎպЂΡॉʟĄ zcu lùjiVn, shb tV shWngqì le.
W:! ӨݚᚊѱϑϩЂཾ၇ĎЂ˃ࢨቘѱĄ ! ӨݚᚊѱϑϩЂཾ၇ĎЂ˃ࢨቘѱĄ
Wc jiànyì nb xiVn xiàng tV dàoqiàn, tV dàgài huì yuánliàng nb.
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: I Need Some Advice ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
)̜ͬයַ˄̄ىҞޜʟĎ̖˚ݞЁĎ͂վӲ઼Ďቜ͂൝ʙղ ݚᚊĄ* ̜ͬයē!઼ĎӨվѱฝĔ Ѥ઼)۞*ēᅜĎ̜යސѱҢĕቜĎݩᅄڟĎސ˚ސʬ˄̄ى Ҟޜ੨Ĕ 1. ѱᅗࣛ)ѱᅗࣛ* ̜ͬයē!ܙҢĕѱᅗࣛ1Ďʰ౷ڣ ཾӨ̖ڟձʟĄސ੭ĕ̈ޒӨ ᅗࣛ)ᅗࣛ* has two meanings. One meaning is “severe, serious,” e.g. ַિףҞޜʟĕ ӨՈ˅ঃુᅗࣛ)ӨՈ˅ঃુᅗࣛ*: Ѥ઼ē!ోĕѱ࢈ࢃ̈ޒᓙЁЁڟĎ“ ݩMy belly is in severe pain.” The other meaning is “very good, capable.” ᅄˬ̈౷Ҟޜʟĕ ѱᅗࣛ)ѱᅗࣛ* means “You are ̜ͬයē!ࢸĕձސᆺڟēЂඵʟʙ very capable” or “You are terrific!” ఋᆵሆߺጠĎ͎ʟʙղੰᖠĄ Ђ๑ਝ௲ĎࡌӨగЂ͞ĎӨ˚ 2. ႃ྆Ꮮ)ႃ྆Ꮮ* ˉ̖ႃ྆Ꮮ2ʟĄЂΈྫབྷվ ႃ྆Ꮮ)ႃ྆Ꮮ*: oversleep. ྆Ꮮ)྆Ꮮ* ซӨӤʙᔈĎӨ૮ʟྫབྷĎ means “to go beyond the limit, overdo.” ྆Ꮮ)྆Ꮮ* is usually formed into a ʰ౷ՙ͞ЂʟĄ construction with a verb or adjective: V. (Adj.) ྆Ꮮ)྆Ꮮ*. Ѥ઼ē!եݞЁ੭ĕݩᅄ֗Ҟڟޜ Examples: ϴԏֹĔ Ө˿Ϭ྆ᏞĎ̊ྐྵʟĕ ̜ͬයē!ੰᖠ౷͎ϵݣ੨ĕЂκ̈́ Ө˿Ϭ྆ᏞĎ̊ྐྵʟĕ ӨࡌӰ̙ጠળൿĎ˚̾͟ I overate at lunch; (I’m) too full! ̙ጠൿĎᆺ˗ટ̖ ˉۆඹվඹࠢĎː༄ࠢ྆ᏞʟĄ ˉۆඹվඹࠢĎː༄ࠢ྆ᏞʟĄ ՙĄ Xiaohua is getting fatter and fatter. She is Ѥ઼ē!ʰ͞Ё࿋Ԡ˧ᅄੰᖠҢĕ already overweight. ЂЁ࿋̖ˉݞĎ˚Ꮏ࿘ĕ ̜ͬයē!ӨӰވձჳӇѱ౷ཾڣʟĄӨʰఀ˴̾ݣĎ܉Фʙ ˉՙႌĎ֗ฬՙʟĄӨ๑ࡌૃ͎ʿʮ͞Ď͟ސठᘞ͎ڟʿ ʬᘰਔվʟĎ̥ՙ˅྆ĎպӨӇϒ˚ʟʟĄࢨվ๑Έ̙ ጠڣЂĎѮ͔͔ࢤࢤސДДϴවʟ͎վĎ̙ጠͩӨ൝ӟϵ ࣜཇʟĄӨؐЂ̊ʴĎ౷ཱྀьˏՖڸĎ๑ོॉĄ! ൖَᚌဆӺўʟĎϬʟʙႴĄ Continued on page 402
Lesson 13
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Expressing Anger
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: I Need Some Advice ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
)̜ͬයַ˄̄ىҞޜʟĎ̖˚ݞЁĎ͂վӲ઼Ďቜ͂൝ʙղ ݚᚊĄ* ̜ͬයē!઼ĎӨվѱฝĔ Ѥ઼)۞*ēᅜĎ̜යސѱҢĕቜĎݩᅄڟĎސ˚ސʬ˄̄ى Ҟޜ੨Ĕ ̜ͬයē!ܙҢĕѱᅗࣛ1Ďʰ౷ཾڣӨ ̖ڟձʟĄސ੭ĕ̈ޒӨַિף Ҟޜʟĕ Ѥ઼ē!ోĕѱ࢈ࢃ̈ޒᓙЁЁڟĎݩᅄ ˬ̈౷Ҟޜʟĕ ̜ͬයē!ࢸĕձސᆺڟēЂඵʟʙఋ ᆵሆߺጠĎ͎ʟʙղੰᖠĄЂ๑ ਝ௲ĎࡌӨగЂ͞ĎӨ˚ˉ̖ႃ ྆Ꮮ2ʟĄЂΈྫབྷվซӨӤʙᔈ ĎӨ૮ʟྫབྷĎʰ౷ՙ͞ ЂʟĄ Ѥ઼ē!եݞЁ੭ĕݩᅄ֗Ҟڟޜϴԏ ֹĔ ̜ͬයē!ੰᖠ౷͎ϵݣ੨ĕЂκ̈́ӨࡌӰ̙ጠળrĎ˚̙̾͟ጠ rĎᆺ˗ટ̖ՙĄ Ѥ઼ē!ʰ͞Ё࿋Ԡ˧ᅄੰᖠҢĕЂЁ࿋̖ˉݞĎ˚Ꮏ࿘ĕ ̜ͬයē!ӨӰވձჳӇѱ౷ཾڣʟĄӨʰఀ˴̾ݣĎ܉Фʙ ˉՙႌĎ֗ฬՙʟĄӨ๑ࡌૃ͎ʿʮ͞Ď͟ސठᘞ͎ڟʿ ʬᘰਔվʟĎ̥ՙ˅྆ĎպӨӇϒ˚ʟʟĄࢨվ๑Έ̙ ጠڣЂĎѮ͔͔ࢤࢤސДДϴවʟ͎վĎ̙ጠͩӨ൝ӟϵ ࣜཇʟĄӨؐЂ̊ʴĎ౷ཱྀьˏՖڸĎ๑ོॉĄ! ൖَᚌဆӺўʟĎϬʟʙႴĄ
Continued on page 403
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Expressing Anger
ᇾʼ Language in Use: I Need Some Advice ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અ̒ϛࠒ
Ѥ઼ē!ోĕోĕڟސĎϬᒫ3ʟґĕ! 3. Ϭᒫ)Ϭᒫ* ̜ͬයē!ސ੭ĕݣअĎ͟ސː༄վ˚ Ϭᒫ)Ϭᒫ* means “to suffer a loss or be taken advantage of.” The verb Ϭ)Ϭ* ̅ʟĄӨ֗ڟढĎː༄Ꮆ usually means “to eat.” It also has the ֗ʟ֍ᚘᏞĄ˚྆ĎЂᓙϵ meaning “suffer, incur.” եӨĄʙՎӨ౷ࢯϴʙ Examples: ᒐĎӰӨሪʟʙླĎჳӨᒂ͂ ސϬʟʙႴĄ ͂ϬʟʙႴĄ ᜍᎶ֗Ą He received a ticket. Ѥ઼ē!Ђސჳॉབྷ࿘ĕ ͂൝ˉۆϬ࠵ᏞĄ ͂൝ˉۆϬ࠵ᏞĄ ̜ͬයē!ސ੭ĕ͟ސӨࢤࢤͩᚌဆ൝ ʟႴĎ̖˚ݞЁĄʙ He made Xiaohua suffer. Ą ЂݪزĎӨ౷ΡਔॉվʟĄϰ ͂ˬ̈Ϭʟଁ̓ ͂ˬ̈Ϭʟଁ̓Ą ЪӨ࢈౷ҞޜʟĄ Today he suffered a defeat. Ѥ઼ē!รĕࢨվЃЪĎ˚ࡌႧڟĕ ӨჳĎѱࡌўĎЈढސశࡧࡌڟĒᓙФĎѱڟ൮ॉ̨ྲྀݨĎ ᆺؾ࣠ݞސϬᒫڟĎᐖཎӽʙӽĄэػિֹףĎ୪ϵː༄྆ ʟʙ̈ʟĎЂᐖཎЁϻʟĄӨݚᚊѱᐖཎϑϩЂཾ၇ĎగЂ͞ Ӱਝ௲ڟձᎲЁĎഓݣϔ 4. ྫᆇďϬླ˧ᅄ!ڟ ቜЂ͞ྫᆇďϬླ˧ 4 )ྫᆇďϬླ˧ᅄ*ڟ ᅄ ڟĄӨ๑Ђ˃౷ࢨቘ “Watch a movie, eat a meal, and so on.” ѱʟĄ ˧ᅄ˧)ڟᅄ *ڟis more colloquial than ̜ͬයē!ЁڟĎӨϔ๑๑Ďᓂᓂѱ ڟ)*. ݚᚊĄ Ѥ઼ē!˚ᓂ੨ĕঢѱЁོĕ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: I Need Some Advice ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અ̒ϛཌྷȹࠒ
Ѥ઼ē!ోĕోĕڟސĎϬᒫ3ʟґĕ ̜ͬයē!ސ੭ĕݣअĎ͟ސː༄վ˚̅ʟĄӨ֗ڟढĎː༄Ꮆ֗ ʟ֍ᚘᏞĄ˚྆ĎЂᓙϵեӨĄʙՎӨ౷ࢯϴʙᒐĎӰ ӨሪʟʙླĎჳӨᒂސᜍᎶ֗Ą Ѥ઼ē!Ђސჳॉབྷ࿘ĕ ̜ͬයē!ސ੭ĕ͟ސӨࢤࢤͩᚌဆ൝ʟႴĎ̖˚ݞЁĄʙЂز ݪĎӨ౷ΡਔॉվʟĄϰЪӨ࢈౷ҞޜʟĄ Ѥ઼ē!รĕࢨվЃЪĎ˚ࡌႧڟĕӨჳĎѱࡌўĎЈढސశࡧࡌ ڟĒᓙФĎѱڟ൮ॉ̨ྲྀݨĎᆺؾ࣠ݞސϬᒫڟĎᐖཎӽʙ ӽĄэػિֹףĎ୪ϵː༄྆ʟʙ̈ʟĎЂᐖཎЁϻʟĄӨݚ ᚊѱᐖཎϑϩЂཾ၇ĎగЂ͞Ӱਝ௲ڟձᎲЁĎഓݣϔቜ Ђ͞ྫᆇďϬླ˧ᅄڟ4ĄӨ๑Ђ˃౷ࢨቘѱʟĄ ̜ͬයē!ЁڟĎӨϔ๑๑ĎᓂᓂѱݚڟᚊĄ Ѥ઼ē!˚ᓂ੨ĕঢѱЁོĕ
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. ࠹ႍ̏ ࠹ႍ̏ Pivotal Constructions In a pivotal construction a noun phrase serves as the object of a verb and simultaneously as the notional subject of a second verb. That is, the noun phrase functions as a pivot or center pin relating the two verbs. The pivotal constructions can be schematized as follows: a)!
Ө! ! Ө! Subj.
ቜ ቜ!
ѱ࢈ ѱ࢈!
V.
Obj. Subj.
ϬĄ ϬĄ V.
ѱ࢈)ѱ࢈* is the object of the first verb ቜ)ቜ*. ѱ࢈)ѱ࢈* also serves as the notional subject of the second verb Ϭ)Ϭ*. b)! Ө!
! Ө! Subj.
ࣾ ࣾ!
ˉᓂ ˉᓂ!
V.
Obj. Subj.
͎ʟĄ ͎ʟĄ V.
ˉᓂ)ˉᓂ* is the object of the first verb ࣾ, and ˉᓂ)ˉᓂ* also serves as the notional subject of the second verb ͎. c)!
Ө! ! Ө! Subj.
ݚᚊ! ݚᚊ!
ѱ! ѱ!
V.
Obj. Subj.
ϩЂཾ၇Ą ϩЂཾ၇Ą V.
ѱ is the object of the first verb ݚᚊ)ݚᚊ*. ѱ also serves as the notional subject of the second verb ཾ၇. Note: The pivotal construction is one type of serial verb construction ͯ)ͯ* [liándòngjù]. In a serial verb construction a sentence contains two or more verb phrases or clauses placed side by side without any marker. The relationship of these verb phrases usually depends on the nature of the verbs and the context. For example, Ө͞पᏢप! )Ө͞पᏢप*. ͞पᏢ)͞पᏢ* is one verb phrase, and प)प* is the other. It could mean “I went to the library, and studied” or “I went to the library in order to study.” More details about serial verb constructions ͯ)ͯ* will be presented in Lesson 16.
Lesson 13
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it! With a partner, use ᇼ ᇼ , ࢞௩ and ۺᘪ ۺᘪ to make some sentences for the pivotal constructions. For example,
! !
V:! ̈قଏʰӨቜѱ࢈ྫᆇĎ͞˚͞Ĕ ! ̈قଏʰӨቜѱ࢈ྫᆇĎ͞˚͞Ĕ
! !
W:! Ё੭ĕӨʙ͞סĄ ! Ё੭ĕӨʙ͞סĄ
II. Ԛ৽͂ؒ࠹ႍ̏ Ԛ৽͂ؒ࠹ႍ̏ Causative Sentences and Pivotal Constructions In Chinese, verbs related to giving commands or making suggestions are used to form causative constructions. The causative construction can usually be schematized as a pivotal construction ࢙ჭͯ)࢙ჭͯ* [jiVnydjù]. That is, the object of the first verb (e.g. ቜ)ቜ*, ࡌ, and ͩ below) becomes the notional subject of a second verb phrase. Some verbs which are commonly used in causative constructions are listed below. Verbs 1.
2.
Meaning
[qbng]
to request, ask somebody to do something
ѱቜЂ͞ྫᆇĄ ѱቜЂ͞ྫᆇĄ
ࡌ)ࡌ*
to want
ЂࡌӨగЂ͞ਝ௲Ą ЂࡌӨగЂ͞ਝ௲Ą
ask/get somebody to do something UÊ ͩ)ͩ* may be also followed by an adjective. UÊ ͩ)ͩ* is more spoken style than պ)պ*, )*.
ЂͩӨટ̖ՙĄ ЂͩӨટ̖ՙĄ
to let, make UÊ )* may be also followed by an adjective.
͂ӨӰވձჳӇĄ ͂ӨӰވձჳӇĄ
ቜ)ቜ*
[yào] 3.
ͩ)ͩ* [jiào]
4.
Examples (mainly from Lesson 13 text) Causative sentences/pivotal construction
)* [ràng]
ЂͩӨ፹Ą ЂͩӨ፹Ą
She made me happy.
ЂӨΡॉĄ ЂӨΡॉĄ
She made me angry.
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Verbs 5.
պ)պ* [shb]
Meaning to make, cause UÊ պ)պ* may be also followed by an adjective.
Examples (mainly from Lesson 13 text) Causative sentences/pivotal construction
܉ฬՙպӨӇϒ˚ʟʟĄ ܉ฬՙպӨӇϒ˚ʟʟĄ ЂպӨΡॉĄ ЂպӨΡॉĄ
She made me angry. 6.
ͅ)ͅ* [lìng]
to make, cause UÊ ͅ)ͅ* is more written style. UÊ ͅ)ͅ* is also used with an adjective.
ЂڟབྷͅӨݞΡॉĄ ЂڟབྷͅӨݞΡॉĄ ͅʡၖ๎ ͅʡၖ๎ to make people satisfied
7.
to order, command
ЂּͅӨӤʙᔈĄ ЂּͅӨӤʙᔈĄ
[quàn]
to advise, urge, try to persuade
ЂᙎӨࡌӽ൮ॉĄ ЂᙎӨࡌӽ൮ॉĄ
˰௨)˰௨*
to permit, allow
Ђ˚˰௨ӨʙՙʙΈ̙ጠĄ Ђ˚˰௨ӨʙՙʙΈ̙ጠĄ
[jiVodài]
to tell, explain, make clear
Ђκ̈́Ө˚̙̾͟ጠൿĄ Ђκ̈́Ө˚̙̾͟ጠrĄ
Ҙִ)Ҙִ*
to tell, instruct
ЂҘִӨӰ̙ጠળൿĄ ЂҘִӨӰ̙ጠળrĄ
to urge
ЂซӨӤʙᔈĄ ЂซӨӤʙᔈĄ
to force
ӨཱྀьˏՖڸĄ ӨཱྀьˏՖڸĄ
to prohibit, ban
͎ʿե̥ՙ˅྆Ą ͎ʿե̥ՙ˅྆Ą
to suggest, recommend
ӨݚᚊѱᐖཎϑϩЂཾ၇Ą ӨݚᚊѱᐖཎϑϩЂཾ၇Ą
ּͅ)ּͅ* [mìnglìng]
8.
9.
ᙎ)ᙎ*
[ydnxd] 10.
11.
κ̈́)κ̈́*
[fWnfù] 12.
ซ)ซ* [cuX]
13.
ཱྀ)ཱྀ* [bX]
14.
̥)̥* [jìnzhb]
15.
ݚᚊ)ݚᚊ* [jiànyì]
Lesson 13
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it! With a partner, use ᜑ ᜑ , Ԛ, ᗮ ᗮ , ͚ˤ , ණ and ຑ˅ to make some causative sentences and pivotal constructions. For example,
! !
ᚌဆϵ͎ʿեĎ̥ՙ˅྆Ą ᚌဆϵ͎ʿեĎ̥ՙ˅྆Ą
III. ོീ ོീ Summary of Interjections Interjections are used to indicate the tone or mood of the speaker. Some commonly used interjections are listed below. Those in Group (1) usually stand alone or precede another sentence, and those in Group (2) are sentence-final-particles. (Please note that some of the functions and meanings of the interjections may change slightly due to the interpretation of the context.) Group 1 Interjections
Speaker’s emotion
Examples
ჭॉච)ჭॉච* 1.
ᅜ)ᅜ*
delight
[hWi]
ᅜĎ̜යސѱҢĕ ᅜĎ̜යސѱҢĕ Oh! It’s you Wenchao!
ᅜĎЂၔ۫ĕ ᅜĎЂၔ۫ĕ Wow, she is really pretty! 2.
ࢯ)ࢯ*
angry or unhappy
[hWng]
ࢯĕѱʬᎶ֗ʟĕ ࢯĕѱʬᎶ֗ʟĕ Humph! You are late again!
3.
ࢸ)ࢸ* [ài]
regret, sigh
ࢸĕ͂ࢇຎĕ ࢸĕ͂ࢇካĕ Oh! He had really bad luck.
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Interjections
Speaker’s emotion
Examples
ჭॉච)ჭॉච* 4.
ܙҢ)ܙҢ* [Viya]
UÊ ÃÕÀ«ÀÃi UÊ
>««Þ UÊ Õ
>««Þ
ܙҢĕӨႃ྆Ꮮʟĕ ܙҢĕӨႃ྆Ꮮʟĕ Ah! I overslept!
ܙҢĕѱೕĕ ܙҢĕѱೕĕ Gosh! You are terrific!
ܙҢĕѱ࢈֍ݩᅄʬҞޜʟĕ ܙҢĕѱ࢈֍ݩᅄʬҞޜʟĕ Oh dear! How could you two be quarreling again! 5.
֫)֫*
UÊ VÌi«Ì]Ê`ÃÀi}>À`
[pWi]
֫ĕࠨჳʤཾ![húshuYbVdào]ĕ ֫ĕࠨჳʤཾĕ Bah! Nonsense!
6.
ో)ో*
UÊ Ài>â>Ì
[Y]
ోĕࢨվސѱҢĕ ోĕࢨվސѱҢĕ Oh! So it’s you!
7.
ร)ร* [Wn]
UÊ >VÜi`}iÌÊÊ>Ê conversation UÊ >}Àii
รĕӨཾڣʟĄ รĕӨཾڣʟĄ Hmm! I got it.
รĕӨϣ๎ѱٲڟĄ รĕӨϣ๎ѱٲڟĄ Hmm! I agree with you.
Lesson 13
Interjections
Speaker’s emotion
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Expressing Anger
Examples
ჭॉච)ჭॉච* 8.
ዧ)ዧ*
UÊ ÃÕ``iÊÀi>â>Ì
[Y]
ዧĕː༄ݞଏʟĎӨુՖʟĄ ዧĕː༄ݞଏʟĎӨુՖʟĄ Oh! It’s very late. I’ve got to go.
9.
੭)੭* [V] [á] [`] [à]
With different tones, ੭)੭* can imply different moods and emotions.
[V] surprise
੭ĕސӨڟĄ ੭ĕސӨڟĄ Oh! This is mine.
[á] asking for confirmation
੭ĕѱࢤ˗ჳ˧ᅄĔ ੭ĕѱࢤ˗ჳ˧ᅄĔ Pardon me, what did you just say? [`] doubt and surprise
੭ĕѱჳЂڟΡॉʟĄ ੭ĕѱჳЂڟΡॉʟĄ
Oh! You say she really got angry? [à] admire or agree
੭ĕϻၔ۫ܲڟ੭ĕ ੭ĕϻၔ۫ܲڟ੭ĕ Ah! How beautiful the Great Wall is!
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Group 2 Sentence-final-particles (Interjections)
Speaker’s tone and emotion
Examples
ͯӎჭॉච )ͯӎჭॉච* 1.
ֹ)ֹ* [ne]
UÊ >iÃÊÌ
iÊÌiÊÃvÌiÀ UÊ ÀiëÃiÊÌÊiÝ«iVÌ>Ì UÊ ÃÌÀi}Ì
iÃÊÌ
iÊ assertion or reality
ݩᅄֹڟĔ ݩᅄֹڟĔ Oh! What’s up?
͂Ꮆ֗ʟʭᚘᏞֹĕ ͂Ꮆ֗ʟʭᚘᏞֹĕ (You see), he was three hours late.
ЂݞΡॉֹĄ ЂݞΡॉֹĄ She is very mad. 2.
ґ)ґ* [ba]
UÊ ÃÕ}}iÃÌÊÀÊ assumption
Ө࢈Ֆґĕ Ө࢈Ֆґĕ Let’s go!
ѱސ๒̜ґĕ ѱސ๒̜ґĕ You must be Aiwen. 3.
࿘)࿘* [ma]
UÊ i«
>ÃâiÃÊLÛÕÃiÃÃ UÊ >iÃÊÌ
iÊÌiÊÃvÌiÀ
Ђސᘰ̖ѱ࿘ĕ Ђސᘰ̖ѱ࿘ĕ She is concerned about you (you see)!
4.
੭)੭*
UÊ i«
>ÃâiÃÊLÛÕÃiÃÃ
[a]
౷ސӨވڟձ੭ĕ ౷ސӨވڟձ੭ĕ This is my story (you see)!
5.
ో)ో* [Y]
UÊ >ÊvÀi`ÞÊÜ>À} UÊ vÌiÊÕÃi`ÊÌÊÃvÌiÊ>Ê command
ѿႃ྆Ꮮోĕ ѿႃ྆Ꮮోĕ Don’t oversleep, OK?
ࡌટ̖ՙోĕ ࡌટ̖ՙోĕ Concentrate on driving, OK?
Lesson 13
Sentence-final-particles (Interjections)
Speaker’s tone and emotion
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Examples
ͯӎჭॉච )ͯӎჭॉච* 6.
Ң)Ң* [ya]
UÊ ÃÕÀ«ÀÃi]Ê>`Ê>iÃÊÌ
iÊ tone softer
ސѱҢĕ ސѱҢĕ It’s you!
7.
੨)੨*
UÊ >iÃÊÌ
iÊÌiÊÃvÌiÀ
[la]
˚ᓂ੨ĕ ˚ᓂ੨ĕ No need to thank me, OK?
>> Try
it! With a partner, fill in the interjections for the following sentences and then read them aloud.
! !
1. ______ĕѱˬ̈Ёĕ______
ࢨվྫ̄͞ى˄ࡌސᆇ ______ĕ ______ĕѱˬ̈Ёĕ______ ࢨվྫ̄͞ى˄ࡌސᆇ ______ĕ
! !
2.
! !
3. ______ĕ̊ଏʟĎӨુՖʟĄ
! !
4.
ݩᅄ______ ڟĔ______ĕѱʬႃ྆Ꮮʟĕ ݩᅄ______ ڟĔ______ĕѱʬႃ྆Ꮮʟĕ ______ĕ̊ଏʟĎӨુՖʟĄ
ՙࡌટ̖Ďˉ̖ ______ĕ ՙࡌટ̖Ďˉ̖ ______ĕ
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
Diary: An Argument with My Girlfriend, Caiyi ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
ʠ̢ʜ̠! ! ! ޑೈʠ! ! ! ̈ॉēʮۦ ˬ̈Өַ˄̄ىҞޜʟĎ̖˚ݞЁĄӨӲ઼ʟĎ͂൝ʟӨ ʙղݚᚊĄ ӨࢨվൎᐖӨ˄̄ىĎˬ̈ࡌՙળЂ͞੦ඵٍљĄ͟ސĎӨ ˚ˉ̖ႃ྆ᏞʟĄЂΈྫབྷվซӨӤʙᔈĎӨ౷ʰ͎۞ʟĄ Өʰఀ˴̾ݣĎ܉ФʙˉՙႌĎ֗ฬՙʟĄӨ๑ࡌૃ ͎ʿʮ͞Ď͟ސठᘞ͎ڟʿʬᘰਔվʟĎ̥ՙ˅྆ĎպӨӇϒ ˚ʟʟĄӨ๑Έ̙ጠڣЂĎ͟ސӨݨݨДДϴ͎վĎʶӰ̙ጠӟϵ ࣜཇʟĄݣअĄ ݣվӨᎶ֗ʟ֍ᚘᏞĄӨ˄ݞ̄ىΡॉĎӰӨሪʟʙླĎჳӨ ᒂސᜍᎶ֗ĄӨʙЂݪزĎӨʶΡਔॉվʟĎϰЪӨ࢈౷Ҟޜ ʟĄ ઼ݚᚊӨᐖཎϑϩӨ˄ཾ̄ى၇ĎቜЂ͞ྫᆇĎϬླ ˧ᅄڟĎᆺЂ˃౷ࢨቘӨʟĄ̈قӨϔ๑๑ཎݩᅄϩЂཾ၇ ґĄ
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
Diary: An Argument with My Girlfriend, Caiyi ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
ʠ̢ʜ̠! ! ! ޑೈʠ! ! ! ̈ॉēʮۦ ˬ̈Өַ˄̄ىҞޜʟĎ̖˚ݞЁĄӨӲ઼ʟĎ͂൝ʟӨ ʙղݚᚊĄ ӨࢨվൎᐖӨ˄̄ىĎˬ̈ࡌՙળЂ͞੦ඵٍљĄ͟ސĎӨ ˚ˉ̖ႃ྆ᏞʟĄЂΈྫབྷվซӨӤʙᔈĎӨ౷ʰ͎۞ʟĄ Өʰఀ˴̾ݣĎ܉ФʙˉՙႌĎ֗ฬՙʟĄӨ๑ࡌૃ ͎ʿʮ͞Ď͟ސठᘞ͎ڟʿʬᘰਔվʟĎ̥ՙ˅྆ĎպӨӇϒ ˚ʟʟĄӨ๑Έ̙ጠڣЂĎ͟ސӨݨݨДДϴ͎վĎʶӰ̙ጠӟϵ ࣜཇʟĄݣअĄ ݣվӨᎶ֗ʟ֍ᚘᏞĄӨ˄ݞ̄ىΡॉĎӰӨሪʟʙླĎჳӨ ᒂސᜍᎶ֗ĄӨʙЂݪزĎӨʶΡਔॉվʟĎϰЪӨ࢈౷Ҟޜ ʟĄ ઼ݚᚊӨᐖཎϑϩӨ˄ཾ̄ى၇ĎቜЂ͞ྫᆇĎϬླ ˧ᅄڟĎᆺЂ˃౷ࢨቘӨʟĄ̈قӨϔ๑๑ཎݩᅄϩЂཾ၇ ґĄ Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
ФࢺղʙڟΡචַჭ͎ٲ୪ϵሕ̠ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ ФࢺղʙڟΡචַჭ͎ٲ୪ϵሕ̠ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ
2.
ቜӰሕ̠ᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą ቜӰሕ̠ᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY ȹᆰᔶ㌱ ȹᆰᔶ㌱ [yí jiàn shu[ng di[o] Meaning: Shooting two hawks with one arrow. Usage: This is used to indicate that someone has received two positive results from one action. That is, to kill two birds with one stone. Example:
ЩΥ͂ػϑϩ͂˄ཾ̄ى၇Ď͂˄˚̄ىѮ˚ΡॉʟĎ! ф̸ᓙቜ͂ϬĎ͂ސņʙሐᖖ㎑ŇĎ˚Ꮏ࿘ĕ ЩΥ͂ػϑϩ͂˄ཾ̄ى၇Ď͂˄˚̄ىѮ˚ΡॉʟĎ! ф̸ᓙቜ͂ϬĎ͂ސņʙሐᖖ㎑ŇĎ˚Ꮏ࿘ĕ
Pay attention to: 1. Pivotal constructions ࢙ჭͯ)࢙ჭͯ*. 2. Causative sentences and pivotal constructions պַ࢙ٲჭͯ)պַٲ ࢙ჭͯ*. 3. Summary of interjections ๐ච)๐ච*.
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ૃ܉Ф֍ਹ˃㎑ĎԲ࢈લલҞޜĄѿ˃ڟ㎑ᙎԲ࢈ࡌַЁĎҏ܌ Բ࢈ސϬᒫڟĄ͟ސԲ࢈˚ĎᓙސલલҞޜĄ Фʙ̈ĎԲ࢈ΓϵߏʙีڳшĎҞվҞ͞Ą̴֗ʟĎ౷ּͅ ͂ڟডሐ̙Ӱ֍ਹ˃㎑ʮվĄ ໋֍ਹ˃㎑ܖўڳшĎΈϵʙਔڟढĎডሐ̙ʙሐ͎Ďϣ ढ˛֍ਹ˃㎑Ąѿ˃ڟ㎑ཾڣʟĎॉჳēܙҢĕӨ࢈લݚᚊ Բ࢈ַЁĎᙎԲ࢈ࡌӰԲ࢈ڟ൮ॉӽʙӽĎ͟ސԲ࢈Ӈϒ˚Ąࢸĕ ОڣЃЪĎѤΆ໋ۑ੭ĕ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ૃ܉Ф֍ਹ˃㎑ĎԲ࢈લલҞޜĄѿ˃ڟ㎑ᙎԲ࢈ࡌַЁĎҏ܌ Բ࢈ސϬᒫڟĄ͟ސԲ࢈˚ĎᓙސલલҞޜĄ Фʙ̈ĎԲ࢈ΓϵߏʙีڳшĎҞվҞ͞Ą̴֗ʟĎ౷ּͅ ͂ڟডሐ̙Ӱ֍ਹ˃㎑ʮվĄ ໋֍ਹ˃㎑ܖўڳшĎΈϵʙਔڟढĎডሐ̙ʙሐ͎Ďϣ ढ˛֍ਹ˃㎑Ąѿ˃ڟ㎑ཾڣʟĎॉჳēܙҢĕӨ࢈લݚᚊ Բ࢈ַЁĎᙎԲ࢈ࡌӰԲ࢈ڟ൮ॉӽʙӽĎ͟ސԲ࢈Ӈϒ˚Ąࢸĕ ОڣЃЪĎѤΆ໋ۑ੭ĕ Notes:
˃㎑)˃㎑* [dàdiVo]: big vulture ᙎ)ᙎ* [quàn]: to persuade ַЁ)ַЁ* [héh`o]: to reconcile ҏ)܌ҏ[ *܌fcuzé]: otherwise ڳш)ڳш* [féiròu]: fat meat ̴)̴* [guówáng]: king ּͅ)ּͅ* [mìnglìng]: to order ডሐ̙)ডሐ̙* [shénjiànshcu]: great archer )* [shè]: to shoot, discharge ܖў)ܖў* [y`ozhù]: to bite into ॉ)ॉ* [tànqì]: to sigh
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲē(i) Pivotal constructions ࢙ჭͯ; (ii) Causative sentences and pivotal constructions պַ࢙ٲჭͯ; (iii) Summary of interjections ๐චĄ Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲē(i) Pivotal constructions ࢙ჭͯ; (ii) Causative sentences and pivotal constructions պַ࢙ٲჭͯ; (iii) Summary of interjections ๐චĄ
ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņʙሐᖖ㎑ŇވڟձĄ ! ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņʙሐᖖ㎑ŇވڟձĄ 2.
ቜņʙሐᖖ㎑Ňఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņʙሐᖖ㎑Ňڟս˅Ą ! ቜņʙሐᖖ㎑Ňఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņʙሐᖖ㎑Ňڟս˅Ą 3.
4.ņʙሐᖖ㎑ŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
! ņʙሐᖖ㎑ŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
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ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 13-1 Listen to the passage, and answer the following questions. Then check them with your partner. Notes:
ַձջ)ַձջ* [héshìl`o]: peacemaker ຣ)ޙຣ[ *ޙwWnróu]: gentle and soft ݞϏ)ݞϏ* [han xiYng]: very fierce, very mean ּͅ)ּͅ* [mìnglìng]: to command ʿॉ)ʿॉ* [kcuqì]: tone ַЁ)ַЁ* [héh`o]: to become reconciled ဇ̟)ဇ̟* [duìfVng]: the other (opposite) side ˷̙)˷̙* [fWnshcu]: to break up ਐᕀ ਐᕀ t 1.
വΡʟ˧ᅄձĔ വΡʟ˧ᅄձĔ
2.
ˉ˧ߏۆᅄΡॉʟֹĔ ˉ˧ߏۆᅄΡॉʟֹĔ
3.
ˉڟۆԸۆˉݪز̄ىФ˧ᅄ̩ॾĔ ˉڟۆԸۆˉݪز̄ىФ˧ᅄ̩ॾĔ
4.
ЃَЩ͂࢈˚ࢨቘဇ̟Ďˉ̄݉ڟۆФ˧ᅄݚᚊĔ ЃَЩ͂࢈˚ࢨቘဇ̟Ďˉ̄݉ڟۆФ˧ᅄݚᚊĔ
5.
ѱϣ๎ˉٲڟ̄݉ۆฝĔЃَѱ̄݉ڟۆˉސĎѱݩᅄੈֹĔ ѱϣ๎ˉٲڟ̄݉ۆฝĔЃَѱ̄݉ڟۆˉސĎѱݩᅄੈֹĔ!
13-2 Based on the short passage you just listened to, complete the following sentences. Then check them with your partner (pay attention to causative sentences and pivotal constructions). 1.
ˉַ͂ۆԸ̄ىʬ ______ ʟĎ______ĕӨ ______ĕ ˉַ͂ۆԸ̄ىʬ ______ ʟĎ______ĕӨ ______ĕ
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2.
ˉۆ५ѿ ______ ЂԸࡌ̄ىລढ֗Ďൖَ͂ᓙ ______ ސʟĄ ˉۆ५ѿ ______ ЂԸࡌ̄ىລढ֗Ďൖَ͂ᓙ ______ ސʟĄ
3.
ˉۆલ ______ ЂڟԸ̄ىӤʙᔈĎ______ ˚ݞЁĎʙᔈʶ˚ ______ĎݞϏĄ ˉۆલ ______ ЂڟԸ̄ىӤʙᔈĎ______ ˚ݞЁĎʙᔈʶ˚ ______ĎݞϏĄ
4.
͂࢈֍ʡ˚ؒڟϫĎӨ๑ ______ ͂࢈˷̙ґĕ ͂࢈֍ʡ˚ؒڟϫĎӨ๑ ______ ͂࢈˷̙ґĕ ͂࢈̙˷ڟʟĎӨʶ౷Ԡձ ______ĕܙҢĕ ______ĕ ______ ͂࢈̙˷ڟʟĎӨʶ౷Ԡձ ______ĕܙҢĕ ______ĕ
5. ______
II. Character Exercises 13-3 Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
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Ҟ Ҟ
ݚᚊ ݚᚊ
Ҟޜ Ҟޜ
ݚᚊѱϩЂཾ၇ ݚᚊѱϩЂཾ၇
˄̄ىҞޜ੨Ĕ ˄̄ىҞޜ੨Ĕ
ӨݚᚊѱϑϩЂཾ၇Ą ӨݚᚊѱϑϩЂཾ၇Ą
ݩᅄʬ˄̄ىҞޜ੨Ĕ ݩᅄʬ˄̄ىҞޜ੨Ĕ
ӨݚᚊѱᐖཎϑϩЂཾ၇Ą ӨݚᚊѱᐖཎϑϩЂཾ၇Ą
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
ਝ ਝ
2.
గ గ
3.
ซ ซ
4.
Ҙ Ҙ
5.
ఀ ఀ
6.
ႌ ႌ
7.
8.
Ⴔ Ⴔ
9.
Ј Ј
10.
ӽ ӽ
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13-4 Read aloud the following sentences. Write them out using traditional characters. Then check your answers with a partner. 1.
͂྆վĎቜ͂൝ʙղݚᚊĄ __________________________________________________________________________
2.
ЂඵʟʙఋᆵሆߺጠĎ͎ʟʙղੰᖠĄ __________________________________________________________________________
3.
Өႃ྆ᏞʟĎЂΈྫབྷվซӨӤʙᔈĎӨ૮ʟྫབྷĎʰ౷ ՙ͞ʟĄ __________________________________________________________________________
4.
Ђκ̈́Ө˚ࡌ̙ጠrĎᆺ˗ટ̖ՙĄ __________________________________________________________________________
5.
ӨཱྀьˏՖڸĎ๑ོॉĎൖَᚌဆӺўʟĎϬʟʙႴ Ą __________________________________________________________________________
6.
ӨᎶ֗ʟ֍ᚘᏞĎЂʙՎӨ౷ࢯϴʙᒐĎӰӨሪʟʙླĄ __________________________________________________________________________
13-5 Form groups and create phrases with the following words (pay attention to the various usages of each word). Homophones: Example: [shì]
ˁēᛖˁ ˁēᛖˁ ސēѱސቢĔ ސēѱސቢĔ
1. [
]
ቘē________________________ ቘē________________________ ኄē________________________ ኄē________________________
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2. [
]
௲ē________________________ ௲ē________________________ ؖē________________________ ؖē________________________ ႌē________________________ ႌē________________________
3. [
]
ڸē________________________ ڸē________________________ ē________________________ ē________________________ ē________________________ ē________________________
4. [
]
ݚē________________________ ݚē________________________ Վē________________________ Վē________________________ χē________________________ χē________________________
5. [
]
Ꮆē________________________ Ꮆē________________________ ݻē________________________ ݻē________________________
6. [
]
زē________________________ زē________________________ ౢē________________________ ౢē________________________
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III. Grammar Exercises 13-6 You and your group are filling in a psychology survey about personality types. You are having fun checking with each other about the questions. (Pay attention to the pivotal constructions ࢙ჭͯ)࢙ჭͯ* [jiVnydjù] and causative sentences պ)ٲպ[ *ٲshbdòng yòngf`].)
ቜ ࡌ ͩ պ ͅ ּͅ ᙎ ˰௨ κ̈́ Ҙִ ซ ཱྀ ̥ ݚᚊ ቜ ࡌ ͩ պ ͅ ּͅ ᙎ ˰௨ κ̈́ Ҙִ ซ ཱྀ ̥ ݚᚊ Try to use the verbs listed above to answer the questions. 1.
ЃَӤվ˚̅ʟĎѱ _____ ѿʡӤʙᔈฝĔ ЃَӤվ˚̅ʟĎѱ _____ ѿʡӤʙᔈฝĔ
2.
ϵपᏢĎЃَФʡ˃ᒐჳབྷĎѱ _____ ͂ˉᒐʙᔈฝĔ ϵपᏢĎЃَФʡ˃ᒐჳབྷĎѱ _____ ͂ˉᒐʙᔈฝĔ
3.
ѱڟЁ̄ىФ˚Јढॾ̩ڟĎѱ _____ ͂ӽฝĔ ѱڟЁ̄ىФ˚Јढॾ̩ڟĎѱ _____ ͂ӽฝĔ
4.
ѱ̄݉ڟલҜອĎѱ˚ݞᜍĎѱ _____ ͂˚ࡌҜອฝĔ ѱ̄݉ڟલҜອĎѱ˚ݞᜍĎѱ _____ ͂˚ࡌҜອฝĔ
5.
ѱశۖ˚ _____ ѱьˏੈ˧ᅄձĔ ѱశۖ˚ _____ ѱьˏੈ˧ᅄձĔ
6.
Ѓَѱڟᒠཥ ([xXnzX]: salary) ͅѱ˚ၖ๎ ([m`nyì]: satisfied)Ďѱ _____ ѱڟтᓳཾڣฝĔ Ѓَѱڟᒠཥͅѱ˚ၖ๎Ďѱ _____ ѱڟтᓳཾڣฝĔ
7.
Ѓَѱڟтᓳલ _____ ѱੈձĎѱݟϵեࣜ˴ͧฝĔ Ѓَѱڟтᓳલ _____ ѱੈձĎѱݟϵեࣜ˴ͧฝĔ
8.
ѱࠢ̊̄ىڟʟĎѱ _____ ͂ڳฝĔ ѱࠢ̊̄ىڟʟĎѱ _____ ͂ڳฝĔ
9.
శۖ ([zuìjìn]: recently) Фʡ _____ ѱΡॉฝĔ˧ސᅄձ _____ ѱΡ ॉڟĔ శۖФʡ _____ ѱΡॉฝĔ˧ސᅄձ _____ ѱΡॉڟĔ
10.
ѱ _____ ѱьˏੈѱ˚๑ੈڟձฝĔ ѱ _____ ѱьˏੈѱ˚๑ੈڟձฝĔ
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11.
ѱᚈુ˃ደᐖཎ _____ ደΡెਨฝĔ ѱᚈુ˃ደᐖཎ _____ ደΡెਨฝĔ
12.
ѱశۖલ _____ ѱ̄ىڟՙ˚Έ̙ጠฝĔ ѱశۖલ _____ ѱ̄ىڟՙ˚Έ̙ጠฝĔ
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قደ)قደ* is watching a basketball game with his roommate ˉ۳. Unfortunately, قደ)قደ*’s favorite team is beaten badly by ˉ۳’s team. Below is their conversation. With your partner, fill in the blanks with interjections. Then recite the dialogue with your partner.
!
ᅜĎࢯĎࢸĎܙҢĎ֫ĎోĎรĎዧĎ੭ĎֹĎґĎ࿘ĎోĎҢĎ੨ ᅜĎࢯĎࢸĎܙҢĎ֫ĎోĎรĎዧĎ੭ĎֹĎґĎ࿘ĎోĎҢĎ੨ Notes:
ᚐ)ᚐ* [yíng]: to win ુ˷)ુ˷* [défWn]: score ӹ)ӹ* [tóujìn]: to throw into ࣯)࣯* [chà]: bad, poor Ꭿסʟ)Ꭿסʟ* [shZdìngle]: be defeated for sure
ˉ۳ē!____Ď̊ೕʟĕӨ࢈ڟΈુݞЁĎӨ࢈ӤࡌᚐʟҢĕ ˉ۳ē!____Ď̊ೕʟĕӨ࢈ڟΈુݞЁĎӨ࢈ӤࡌᚐʟҢĕ قደē ____ĕѿ፹ુ̊ОĎӨ࢈ʰ౷ࡌુ˷ʟĄ قደē ____ĕѿ፹ુ̊ОĎӨ࢈ʰ౷ࡌુ˷ʟĄ ____ĕݩᅄʬԠӹ͞ ____Ą____ĕ5༴୨ࢷˬ̈ݩސᅄ ____ĕݩᅄʬԠӹ͞ ____Ą____ĕ5༴୨ࢷˬ̈ݩސᅄ
ڟĎΈુ࣯̊ ____ĕ ڟĎΈુ࣯̊ ____ĕ ˉ۳ē ____ĕ____ ސĕѱڟ5༴୨ࢷˬ̈Έુ____ ࣯ݞĕ ˉ۳ē ____ĕ____ ސĕѱڟ5༴୨ࢷˬ̈Έુ____ ࣯ݞĕ ____ĕѱĎӨ࢈ʬʟʙ୨ ____ĕ ____ĕѱĎӨ࢈ʬʟʙ୨ ____ĕ
قደē ____ĕӨӨ࢈ސᎯסʟ ____ĕ قደē ____ĕӨӨ࢈ސᎯסʟ ____ĕ
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ˉ۳ē Ԡᘰ____ ۽ĕΈ୨ᒂސФᎯᚐ____ ڟĕ ˉ۳ē Ԡᘰ____ ۽ĕΈ୨ᒂސФᎯᚐ____ ڟĕ قደē ____Ď͟Ď౷࣯եᅄʙ୨Ă____ĕॉЫʡ ____ĕ قደē ____Ď͟Ď౷࣯եᅄʙ୨Ă____ĕॉЫʡ ____ĕ ˉ۳ē ____ĕ୨ᓉӇʟĎѱʙסʶኵʟ ____ĕ͞࢈ܧϬĎݩᅄᆺĔ ˉ۳ē ____ĕ୨ᓉӇʟĎѱʙסʶኵʟ ____ĕ͞࢈ܧϬĎݩᅄᆺĔ قደē ____ĕЁ ____ĕѿ႓୨ᓉʟĎᓙސ႓Ө࢈ڟՈ˅ ____ĕ قደē ____ĕЁ ____ĕѿ႓୨ᓉʟĎᓙސ႓Ө࢈ڟՈ˅ ____ĕ ӨӤኵЫ ____ĕ ӨӤኵЫ ____ĕ ˉ۳ē ̊ЁʟĎ࢈ܧՖ ____ĕ ˉ۳ē ̊ЁʟĎ࢈ܧՖ ____ĕ IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ϹΪঢ়ʔ༏թౡ ϹΪঢ়ʔ༏թౡ The Strange Scene on Xi’an’s Highway
ᒅЅē
љЊఀ˴ುēᏍϴ˃ˉۯ ߏ߸Ꮐ̟ ! !ۯӜЙņ̈ഓ˴ಃŇ Фʹណώ݊ཚੰē!ņఀ˴ʰ̾͟˃ˉۯฝĔϵᘞˉۯ ސљЊʡڟ۹ฝ Ĕ!Ň ੰᖠպϵڟљЊʡᚈુᒛʰഒ ώĄૃե̾ࡌͫݣФʡവ୪ϵܛ෨ጠڟఀ˴ʰᏍۯ ՙņ̟ۯŇĎ͂࢈౷Ⴔᅸअ྆पĎͅ֏ьӨᐮਆĄ
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ᕏЅē
љЊఀ˴ುēᏍϴ˃ˉۯ ߏ߸Ꮐ̟ ! !ۯӜЙņ̈ഓ˴ಃŇ Фʹណώ݊ཚੰ ē!ņఀ˴ʰ̾͟˃ˉۯฝ Ĕ ϵᘞˉۯ ސљЊʡڟ۹ฝ Ĕ!Ň ੰᖠպϵڟљЊʡᚈુᒛʰഒ ώĄૃե̾ࡌͫݣФʡവ୪ϵܛ෨ጠڟఀ˴ʰᏍۯ ՙņ̟ۯŇĎ͂࢈౷Ⴔᅸअ྆पĎͅ֏ьӨᐮਆĄ
Notes:
љЊ)љЊ* [XX’Vn]: name of a city in China. It is a famous tourism spot in north central China. ು)ು* [qíjbng]: strange scene Ꮝϴ)Ꮝϴ* [suídì]: anywhere, everywhere ˃ˉ[ *ۯˉ˃)ۯdàxi`obiàn]: ˃ *ۯ˃)ۯmeans “have a bowel movement”; ˉ *ۯˉ)ۯmeans “urinate” )* [tú]: to pursue, seek ̈ഓ)̈ഓ* [tiVnrán]: natural ˴ಃ)˴ಃ* [gYngcè]: public restroom
Exercises for the headlines: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following questions. 1. What can you tell about the news by skimming the headlines? 2. How would you translate the headlines into English? 3. Newspaper headlines are usually very concise, with many abbreviations, omissions, hints, metaphors, and written forms. Can you identify some of these in the headlines above? Notes:
ណώ݊)ណώ݊* [guVnguVngkè]: tourist ཚੰ)ཚੰ* [xúnwèn]: to ask ۹)۹* [xísú]: custom ϵ)ϵ* [zàich`ng]: be at the scene ᒛʰഒώ)ᒛʰഒώ* [li`nshàngwúguVng]: feel embarrassed or ashamed ܛ෨ጠ)ܛ෨ጠ* [Xiányáng jXch`ng]: The Xianyang airport in љЊ अ྆प)अ྆प* [hubguòshZ]: a written statement of repentance ֏)֏* [qí]: written (ancient) form for pronouns he, she, it, they ьӨᐮਆ)ьӨᐮਆ* [zìwcji`nt`o]: self-criticism
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Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. What written forms can you find? What are their spoken counterparts?
)e.g. )*, ཚੰ)ཚੰ*, ֏* 2. How many causative sentences are used? )e.g.
պ, ͅ*
3. Use your own words to retell the headline and article.
V. Communicative Activities 13-8 Talk about your experiences. Try to incorporate the following in your report.
࢙ჭͯ)࢙ჭͯ* [jiVnydjù] and causative sentences պ)ٲպ[ *ٲshbdòng yòngf`]: ቜ ࡌ ͩ պ ͅ ּͅ ᙎ ˰௨ κ ݟҘִ ซ ཱྀ ̥ ݚᚊ ቜ ࡌ ͩ պ ͅ ּͅ ᙎ ˰௨ κ ݟҘִ ซ ཱྀ ̥ ݚᚊ pivotal constructions
interjections:
!
ᅜĎࢯĎࢸĎܙҢĎ֫ĎోĎรĎዧĎ੭ĎֹĎґĎ࿘ĎోĎҢĎ੨ ᅜĎࢯĎࢸĎܙҢĎ֫ĎోĎรĎዧĎ੭ĎֹĎґĎ࿘ĎోĎҢĎ੨ – Describe a situation which made you feel angry, sad, or embarrassed. – How did you overcome it?
13-9 Seeking advice. Try to incorporate the following in your report.
࢙ჭͯ)࢙ჭͯ* [jiVnydjù] and causative sentences պ)ٲպ[ *ٲshbdòng yòngf`]: ቜ ࡌ ͩ պ ͅ ּͅ ᙎ ˰௨ κ ݟҘִ ซ ཱྀ ̥ ݚᚊ ቜ ࡌ ͩ պ ͅ ּͅ ᙎ ˰௨ κ ݟҘִ ซ ཱྀ ̥ ݚᚊ pivotal constructions
interjections:
!
ᅜĎࢯĎࢸĎܙҢĎ֫ĎోĎรĎዧĎ੭ĎֹĎґĎ࿘ĎోĎҢĎ੨ ᅜĎࢯĎࢸĎܙҢĎ֫ĎోĎรĎዧĎ੭ĎֹĎґĎ࿘ĎోĎҢĎ੨ Notes:
! !
ݪزϬᒫ ݚᚊ ݩᅄ̖ ڟձ ൮ॉ ݪزϬᒫ ݚᚊ ݩᅄ̖ ڟձ ൮ॉ
Lesson 13
Situation A: You are having trouble with your courses. Ask your friends for advice. UÊ Ì>Ê>LÕÌÊÞÕÀÊÌÀÕLiÃÊÜÌ
ÊÌ
iÊVÕÀÃià UÊ ÞÕÊ
>ÛiÊLiiÊÌÀÞ}ÊÌÊÀiÃÛiÊÌ
iÊÊÞÕÀÊ own but it hasn’t worked well UÊ ÞÕÀÊvÀi`ÃÊ>ÀiÊÛiÀÞÊViÊ>`Ê}ÛiÊÞÕÊÛ>Õ>LiÊ advice
Situation B: You would like to move out from the dorm. Seek advice on how to tell your roommate and how to find a good apartment. UÊ }ÛiÊÌ
iÊÀi>ÃÃÊÜ
ÞÊÞÕÊÜÕ`ÊiÊÌÊÛiÊÕÌÊ of the dorm UÊ >ÃÊ
ÜÊÌÊÌiÊÞÕÀÊÀ>ÌiÊ>LÕÌÊÞÕÀÊ decision UÊ >ÃÊ
ÜÊÌÊw`Ê>Ê}`Ê>«>ÀÌiÌ UÊ ÞÕÀÊ}`ÊvÀi`ÃÊ}ÛiÊÞÕÊ>`ÛVi
Situation C: You had a quarrel with your boyfriend/girlfriend. You would like to break the ice. Seek advice from your best friend.
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ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ့՜ ့՜ Chinese Fortune Telling: Another Way to Seek Advice Fortune telling is a popular way relationship completes a cycle and Do you know… for Chinese people to seek advice can be defined as follows: water s THECOMMONTOPICS FORFORTUNETELLINGIN when facing dilemmas in life. can help wood to grow; wood can #HINESECULTURE Common topics for fortune telling be burnt by fire; the burnt wood s ABOUTTHElVE include relationships, academic creates ash (earth); ash forms rock ELEMENTSˤї ANDWHATISTHE study, and business. The advice (metal); and finally, these rocks RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN provided by fortune tellers often hold water. On the other hand, THESElVEELEMENTS s WHETHER#HINESE serves to give Chinese people an enmity relationship counters TEMPLESUSUALLY peace of mind when confronted that effect: water puts out fire, PROVIDEFORTUNE TELLINGSERVICES with an important decision. but fire causes water to evaporate; Fortune tellers in Chinese a tree’s (wood) roots break up the Read and find out! society are usually located in or earth, but earth can bury wood; near temples. For a small fee or fire melts metal, but in the process donation, a person can seek advice from a metal decreases fire’s heat; earth absorbs fortune teller who uses a person’s date and water, but water floods the land (earth); time of birth to calculate the values of the metals can be used to cut wood, but wood five elements ˤї [Wdxíng]: ۜ [jXn] dulls the metal. (metal), ̣ [mù] (wood), ̫ [shub] (water), Self-interpretive methods of fortune telling are also available in temples. Fortunes ̬ [huc] (fire), and ˀ [td] (earth). The relationship between these five elements is can be gleaned from marked bamboo sticks critical in determining what advice the shaken from a container or from crescentfortune teller should give in any particular shaped wooden pieces thrown on the circumstance. The relationship between the ground. The fortunes can also be interpreted five elements can be classified into two with the assistance of the resident fortune categories: affinity and enmity. The affinity teller for a small fee or donation.
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4EMPLESARECOMMONPLACESTOWORSHIPORTO SEEKFORTUNESIN#HINESECULTURE7HATOTHER METHODSDOTHE#HINESEUSETOGETADVICE
!LOCALFORTUNETELLERIN.INGXIANORTHCENTRAL #HINA 7HATARESOMEOTHERWAYSTHAT #HINESEFORTUNETELLERSPROVIDEADVICE
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ѱဇ˛ʡ͞႗ּФ˧ᅄٲĔ ѱဇ˛ʡ͞႗ּФ˧ᅄٲĔ Why do you think Chinese people turn to fortune telling for advice?
2.
ϵѱ˛໋˽̜͂֏ڱؖ˽̜ڟФᘸѭ႗ּٲੈڟฝĔ ϵѱ˛໋˽̜͂֏ڱؖ˽̜ڟФᘸѭ႗ּٲੈڟฝĔ Do you know of any similar practices or different types of fortune telling methods in your culture or in other cultures?
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መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE Ϭᒫސႋ Ϭᒫސႋ To be at a disadvange is good fortune.
! !
chX
kuX
shì
fú
Ϭ! Ϭ!
ᒫ! ᒫ!
!ސ !ސ
ႋ ႋ
to suffer
disadvantage
to be
good fortune
This Chinese saying is commonly used to provide advice or comfort to others who feel they have been treated unfairly. The aim is to help them feel better and be able to forgive and forget in order to avoid future conflicts. ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. Are there any similar sayings in English or other languages that provide advice to comfort others and help avoid conflicts?
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Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! ༛̵ክ ༛̵ክ The Lunar Calendar The Chinese Lunar Calendar (also known as the Farmer’s Calendar) is often used for fortune telling. It is used to find appropriate days to do things such as travel, move to a new house, get married, or hold a funeral. It also contains information for finding your best love match, a lucky name for your baby, or even to predict a baby’s gender before conception.
Below is one of the entries from a Lunar Calendar.
༛ክɀ˂ʄˀ
ɍ˂ɀˀ ܱ౨̒
փ
ේਬcˮϷc Ϊѷc̟c Ϊ້
Ҁ
ɃΩcञ
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Notes:
ཻΕግ)ཻΕግ* [nóngmín lì]: lunar calendar, farmer’s calendar ཻግ)ཻግ* [nónglì]: lunar calendar. Another term for lunar calendar is ఛግ)ఛግ* [yXnlì]. The solar calendar is called ෨ግ)෨ግ* [yánglì] or љግ)љግ* [xXlì]. [ *ף)ףyí]: suitable, appropriate, fitting ฺઌ)ฺઌ* [jiàqd]: marriage ͎ї)͎ї* [chZxíng]: to travel Њӗ)Њӗ* [Vnchuáng]: to place a bed (in a room) Ϳ)Ϳ* [kVishì]: (of a shop) re-open after cessation of business Њ༩)Њ༩* [Vnzàng]: to bury (the dead) Ӡ)Ӡ* [jì]: to avoid ʣЉ)ʣЉ* [rùzhái]: to move into a new dwelling ॾ)ॾ* [tànbìng]: to visit sick people ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. For the following questions, assume that today is the day shown on the lunar calendar. 1. According to the lunar calendar, would this be a good day to start a new business? Would it be a good date to move into a new dwelling? 2. ˉ قis going to get married soon. Would today be a good date for him to invite his Chinese relatives to his wedding banquet? 3. Can you tell that the language used in the lunar calendar is very concise and uses written forms? Can you provide some examples with their equivalent spoken forms? 4. Translate the lunar calendar entry into English. 5. Would you like to consult the Chinese lunar calendar for some advice? Why or why not?
第十四課 (第十四課) L E S S O N
散文和詩情表達 (散文和詩情表達)
Prose and Poetic Expressions CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. Are writers and poets respected in your culture? 2. Do you know when prose writing first began in your culture?
Chinese students are introduced to famous writers at a young age.
教學目標 (教學目標) OBJECTIVES ■
Compose a prose essay
■
Sharpen verbal and written communication skills
■
Connect two verbal expressions
■
Express or accept an apology
3. Who is your favorite writer, or what is your favorite book?
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́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ᆢᆢ ᆢᆢ
pZtYngpZtYng
2.
tiào
V.
to jump, leap, bounce
3.
ʿ
ʿ
kVikcu
V.O.
to open one’s mouth, start to talk
4.
fWng
M.W.
(measure word for mailing letters)
5.
ΰ
ΰ
xi`nshì
V.
to show, display
6.
ጠʙ ጠʙ
língjXyídòng
V.
to have a sudden inspiration
7.
ம̈݉
ம̈݉
liáotiVnshì
N.
chat room
8.
ቘཌ
ቘཌ
liàngjia
V.
to understand, make allowances for
9.
̾ʮ
̾ʮ
ybxià
N.
below, the following
10.
ဇབྷ
ဇབྷ
duìhuà
N.
dialogue
11.
ᅸཾ
ᅸཾ
xiadào
V.
to write
12.
ސҏ
ސҏ
shìfcu
Conj.
whether or not, whether, if
13.
େᗓେᗓ େᗓେᗓ
xXlìxXlì
14.
ຜ
gYutYng
15.
ຜ
၎ൎ၎ൎ ၎ൎ၎ൎ
dXdVdXdV
onomatopoeia, e.g., flop, thump, splash, pit-a-pat
onomatopoeia, e.g., the patter of rain, water V.
to communicate
N.
communication onomatopoeia, e.g., tick, ticktock
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
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e^cn^c
16.
Ӣ˚ў
Ӣ˚ў
ranbuzhù
V.
to be unable to bear, cannot help (doing something)
17.
ฌ̖
ฌ̖
shVngxXn
Adj.
sad, aggrieved, broken-hearted
18.
Ͷଖ
Ͷଖ
shXwàng
Adj.
disappointed
19.
ჳᒐ
ჳᒐ
shuYshWng
V.O.
to say one word
20.
ჲ
ჲ
wùhuì
V.
to misunderstand
N.
misunderstanding
21.
ᘲ྆
ᘲ྆
nánguò
Adj.
feel sorry, feel sad
22.
୩
୩
lb
V.
to pay attention to, show interest in
23.
ࢶ
ࢶ
kZ
V.
to weep, cry
24.
ק
ק
waiqZ
V.
to put somebody to great inconvenience
Adj.
feel wronged
25.
ୋԙԙ ୋԙԙ
lèiy`nwVngwVng
(eyes) brimming with tears
26.
̍վ
̍վ
sh`olái
stop, quit it, cut it out
27.
ϵ̽
ϵ̽
zàihu
V.
to care about, mind
28.
๐֧
๐֧
g`nshòu
V.
to be affected by, experience
N.
emotional feeling
shízài
Adv.
indeed
29.
ဂϵ
30.
ݨݨДД ݨݨДД
jíjímángmáng
Adj.
in a hurry, hurriedly
31.
୩ཌ
୩ཌ
lbjia
V.
to understand, comprehend
32.
͎ձ
͎ձ
chZshì
V.O.
to meet with a mishap, have an accident
ဂϵ
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igVY^i^dcVa
Prose and Poetic Expressions
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
33.
ൿݨ
rݨ
zháojí
V.
to worry, feel anxious
34.
ЊϠ
ЊϠ
VnwWi
N.
safety and danger, safety
35.
ދ//////ʬ
ދ//////ʬ
jì . . . yòu
Conj.
both . . . and, as well as
36.
๐
๐
g`ndòng
V.
to move, touch (emotions)
37.
˚ፎѱჳ ˚ፎѱჳ
bùmánnbshuY
38.
ьૃ
ьૃ
zìcóng
Prep.
since
39.
଼
଼
qXngchd
Adj.
clear
40.
ᅒը੧੨ ᅒը੧੨
pXli pVlV
Int.
onomatopoeia, e.g., crackle of firecracker, burst of gunfire
41.
લ
લ
píngcháng
Adv.
generally, usually
42.
ລढ
ລढ
zhdnshí
Adj.
on time
43.
̩ॾ
̩ॾ
máobìng
N.
defect, shortcoming, trouble
44.
ࡱᇅ
ࡱᇅ
yXnyuèhuì
N.
concert
45.
۳ᘌ
۳ᘌ
b`ozhèng
V.
to pledge, guarantee, assure
to tell you the truth ፎ (to hide the truth from)
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ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns
ۦେᗓେᗓϴʮൿĎӨ̖ڟᆢᆢϴൿĄ ۦେᗓେᗓϴʮrĎӨ̖ڟᆢᆢϴrĄ Yd xXlìxXlì de xià zhe, wcde xXn pZtYngpZtYng de tiào zhe.
ढ၎ൎ၎ൎϴ྆͞ʟĄ ढ၎ൎ၎ൎϴ྆͞ʟĄ ShíjiVn dXdVdXdV de guòqu le.
Өᅒը੧੨ϴӰѱሪʟʙླĄ Өᅒը੧੨ϴӰѱሪʟʙླĄ Wc pXli pVlV de b` nb mà le yídùn.
V:! Ө๑ϩѱཾ၇Ďჳᒐ ! Ө๑ϩѱཾ၇Ďჳᒐ Wc xi`ng xiàng nb dàoqiàn, shuYshWng
! ņဇ˚ਔĕ!ŇĎቜѱࢨቘӨĄ ! ņဇ˚ਔĕ!ŇĎቜѱࢨቘӨĄ “duìbuqb!”, qbng nb yuánliàng wc.
W:! Ԡᘰ۽ĎӨʶФᎿĎӨ˚ᐖཎሪѱĄ ! Ԡᘰ۽ĎӨʶФᎿĎӨ˚ᐖཎሪѱĄ
Méi guVnxi, wc ya ycucuò, wc bù yXnggVi mà nb.
V:! Ө̾ߏѱ͎ձʟĎۨલൿݨĎ ! Ө̾ߏѱ͎ձʟĎۨલrݨĎ Wc ybwéi nb chZshì le, fWicháng zháojí,
! ʡࣜސጊ̖ѱڟЊϠҢĕ ! ʡࣜސጊ̖ѱڟЊϠҢĕ rénjiV shì dVnxXn nb de VnwWi yV!
W:! ѱᅄჳӨދސ๐ʬ፹Ą
! ѱᅄჳӨދސ๐ʬ፹Ą
TXng nb zhèmeshuY wc shì jì g`ndòng yòu gVoxìng.
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Please Accept My Apology ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
)ʟ઼ݚڟᚊ̾ݣĎ̜ය๑Έྫབྷ൝િףĎ͟ސʬ˚ݩཾڣᅄ ʿĄ͂๑ᅸʙ˅ྫාχ൝ЂĄࢤЁ͂ྫڟ༞ΰĎિףʶΓϵʰႩ ֹĄ͂౷ጠʙĎӔଖЂϵႩʰம̈݉Ďુ֗ЂڟቘཌĄ! ̾ʮ࢈͂ސϵႩʰڟဇབྷĄ* ̜ͬයᅸཾēિףĎސӨĎ̜යĎѱᓙЁฝĔސҏᓙϵΡӨڟॉֹĔ )િףʙЩԠϱ* ̜ͬයʬᅸཾē᎑๒ڟિףĎѱЁฝĔӨཾڣѱΓϵʰႩĄʮۦʟĎʹ ۦڟେᗓେᗓϴʮൿĎфӨ̖ڟᆢᆢϴൿĄӨ˚ཾڣཎဇѱჳ ղ˧ᅄЁĎӨ๑ѱЁЁϴຜຜĄ )ढ၎ൎ၎ൎϴ྆͞ʟĎિףᓙԠФ ϱ۬//////྆ʟФʙ1Ďિ˗ףӢ˚ ўϱ۬ʟ//////*
1.
Фʙ)Фʙ*
ʙ)ʙ* [yìhuar] means “a little while.” Фʙ)Фʙ* means it has been a little while. Since ̜ය)̜ය* is anxious to get િ)ףિ’*ףs reply, time
િףē! Өᓙϵฌֹ̖ĕӨ࢈˞Ё seems to be passing slowly for him. ࿋Ԡ˧ᅄЁჳڟĎѱӨݞ ͶଖĄ ̜ͬයē!િףĎސѱ੭ĕ፹ѱதػʿʟĄࢸĕ֏ဂĎӨʶ˚๑ϻ ჳ˧ᅄĎͫ๑ϩѱཾ၇Ďჳᒐņဇ˚ਔĕ!Ň̈ޒސӨڟᎿĎ ސʙჲҢĕ િףē! Ө୪ϵᓙݞސᘲ྆ĎΏվ˚ސ๑୩ѱڟĎѮސʟѱᅸڟབྷ ̾ݣĎӨʬӢ˚ўࢶਔվʟĄ ̜ͬයē!ѱʙސסᚈુ˗קݞฌ̖ᘲ྆ڟĄѿࢶĎѱୋԙԙڟ ᆺ˅Ďʙ͟ݞסᆕĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Please Accept My Apology ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
)ʟ઼ݚڟᚊ̾ݣĎ̜ය๑Έྫབྷ൝િףĎ͟ސʬ˚ݩཾڣᅄ ʿĄ͂๑ᅸʙ˅ྫාχ൝ЂĄࢤЁ͂ྫڟ༞ΰĎિףʶΓϵʰႩ ֹĄ͂౷ጠʙĎӔଖЂϵႩʰம̈݉Ďુ֗ЂڟቘཌĄ! ̾ʮ࢈͂ސϵႩʰڟဇབྷĄ* ̜ͬයᅸཾēિףĎސӨĎ̜යĎѱᓙЁ ฝĔސҏᓙϵΡӨڟॉֹĔ )િףʙЩԠϱ* ̜ͬයʬᅸཾē᎑๒ڟિףĎѱЁฝĔӨڣ ཾѱΓϵʰႩĄʮۦʟĎʹۦڟେᗓେᗓ ϴʮrĎфӨ̖ڟᆢᆢϴrĄӨ˚ڣ ཾཎဇѱჳղ˧ᅄЁĎӨ๑ѱЁЁϴຜ ຜĄ )ढ၎ൎ၎ൎϴ྆͞ʟĎિףᓙԠФϱ ۬//////྆ʟФʙ1Ďિ˗ףӢ˚ўϱ۬ʟ//////* િףē! Өᓙϵฌֹ̖ĕӨ࢈˞Ё࿋Ԡ˧ᅄЁჳڟĎѱӨݞͶଖĄ ̜ͬයē!િףĎސѱ੭ĕ፹ѱதػʿʟĄࢸĕ֏ဂĎӨʶ˚๑ϻ ჳ˧ᅄĎͫ๑ϩѱཾ၇Ďჳᒐņဇ˚ਔĕ!Ň̈ޒސӨڟᎿĎ ސʙჲҢĕ િףē! Ө୪ϵᓙݞސᘲ྆ĎΏվ˚ސ๑୩ѱڟĎѮސʟѱᅸڟབྷ ̾ݣĎӨʬӢ˚ўࢶਔվʟĄ ̜ͬයē!ѱʙސסᚈુ˗קݞฌ̖ᘲ྆ڟĄѿࢶĎѱୋԙԙڟ ᆺ˅Ďʙ͟ݞסᆕĄ
Continued on page 439
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Please Accept My Apology ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અ̒ϛɍɊʒࠒ 2. ̍վ)̍վ* િףē! ̍վ2Ďѱʙᔈ˚ϵ̽! ʡࣜ3ڟ๐֧ĕ ̍վ)̍վ* stop it, quit it, cut it out. િ)ףિ *ףis still mad, so she is using this ̜ͬයē!ဇ˚ਔĎӨဂϵཾڣ˚ސჳ tone to express her anger. This phrase is ˧ᅄЁĄӨ˚ᐖཎᎶ֗Ďࣛѱ used mostly by women. եᅄʴĄӨݨݨДДϴ͎ ͞ĎӰ̙ጠ൝ӟϵࣜཇʟĄ 3. ʡࣜ)ʡࣜ* ʰʬ֗ฬՙĎؚ̾ԠᎲٲ ʡࣜ)ʡࣜ* [rénjiV] has various meanings: ڣѱĄഓݣՖڸʬ൝ᚌ i. Household. ဆʟႴĄեढ̖क Example: ᑸڟĎӔଖѱ୩ཌĎ֧Ө ཇўʟʭ̘ʡࣜĄ ཇўʟʭ̘ʡࣜĄ ཾڟ၇Ą There are three households here. િףē! Ө˚֗ѱྫڟབྷĎ̾ߏѱ ͎ձʟĎۨલൿݨĄʡࣜސጊ ii. Others. Example: ̖ѱڟЊϠҢĕ ЃَʡࣜĎӨ࢈ʶĄ ̜ͬයē!ѱᅄჳӨދސ๐ʬ ЃَʡࣜĎӨ࢈ʶĄ If other people can do it, so can we. ፹Ą๐ސڟĎѱߏӨʟե ᅄʴĎԠᖔĄ፹ސڟĎ iii. The speaker herself. This meaning is used mostly by women, especially when ᚈુѱᓙݞސϵ̽Өోڟĕ acting ᆪᅳ)ᆪᅳ* [sVjiVo] (pretending િףē! ˚ፎѱჳĎьૃӨ࢈Ҟ̾ޜ to be angry or displeased). In the text, િ)ףિ *ףis using this tone when ݣĎӨʶФʙᔈݣअĄӨ˚ talking to her boyfriend ̜ය)̜ය*. ᐖཎԠੰ଼౷ᅒը੧੨ϴ ӰѱሪʟʙླĄ ̜ͬයē!ѱሪӨސᐖཎڟĄӨࡌސОᔈ͎۞ĎલລढʙᔈĎѱʶ ˚Ρᅄ˃ڟॉĄ િףē! ސ੭ĕӨᚈુकڟקĕѱڟт̩ॾ4ࡌڟӽʙӽҢĕ ̜ͬයē!ӨʙסӽڟĄဇʟĎ̈قӨԠձĎӨగѱ͞ਝ௲ĎݩᅄᆺĔ િףē! รĕЁҢĕಁᔈĔ ̜ͬයē!ʮ˿ʭᔈĎїฝĔ િףē! ᐖཎ̾͟Ą ̜ͬයē!եѱސ֧Өཾڟ၇ʟĕᓂ̈ᓂϴĕਝʟ௲̾ݣĎӨ࢈͞Ϭ Ďഓ͞ݣࡱᇅĎݩᅄᆺĔ િףē! ʰ͞Ё࿋˚ݞᎿĎїĕჳЁʟĎ͟˚ϔᎶ֗ోĕ ̜ͬයē!Ө۳ᘌĎӨʙסລढ֗ڟĄ̈قՎĕ િףē! ̈قՎĕ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Please Accept My Apology ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અ̒ϛɍɊȼࠒ
િףē! ̍վ2Ďѱʙᔈ˚ϵ̽ʡࣜ3ڟ๐֧ĕ ̜ͬයē!ဇ˚ਔĎӨဂϵཾڣ˚ސჳ˧ᅄЁĄӨ˚ᐖཎᎶ֗Ďࣛѱե ᅄʴĄӨݨݨДДϴ͎͞ĎӰ̙ጠ൝ӟϵࣜཇʟĄʰʬ֗ ฬՙĎؚ̾ԠᎲٲڣѱĄഓݣՖڸʬ൝ᚌဆʟႴĄե ढ̖कᑸڟĎӔଖѱ୩ཌĎ֧Өཾڟ၇Ą િףē! Ө˚֗ѱྫڟབྷĎ̾ߏѱ͎ձʟĎۨલrݨĄʡࣜސጊ̖ѱ ڟЊϠҢĕ ̜ͬයē!ѱᅄჳӨދސ๐ʬ፹Ą๐ސڟĎѱߏӨʟեᅄ ʴĎԠᖔĄ፹ސڟĎᚈુѱᓙݞސϵ̽Өోڟĕ િףē! ˚ፎѱჳĎьૃӨ࢈Ҟݣ̾ޜĎӨʶФʙᔈݣअĄӨ˚ᐖཎ Ԡੰ଼౷ᅒը੧੨ϴӰѱሪʟʙླĄ ̜ͬයē!ѱሪӨސᐖཎڟĄӨࡌސО ᔈ͎۞ĎલລढʙᔈĎ 4. т̩ॾ)т̩ॾ* ̩ॾ)̩ॾ* [máobìng] is a colloquial ѱʶ˚Ρᅄ˃ڟॉĄ meaning shortcoming. Its more formal િףē! ސ੭ĕӨᚈુकڟקĕѱ ڟword written form is ীᔈ)ীᔈ* [quWdi`n]. т̩ॾ4ࡌڟӽʙӽҢĕ т)т* means always doing something. For example, ͂శۖт๑ږႩʰཽᐛ! ̜ͬයē!ӨʙסӽڟĄဇʟĎ̈قӨ )͂శۖт๑ږႩʰཽᐛ* (Recently all ԠձĎӨగѱ͞ਝ௲Ďݩᅄ he thinks about is playing online games.) In the text here, the use of т̩ॾ)т̩ॾ* ᆺĔ indicates that ̜ය)̜ය* has a habit of િףē! รĕЁҢĕಁᔈĔ not being on time. ̜ͬයē!ʮ˿ʭᔈĎїฝĔ િףē! ᐖཎ̾͟Ą ̜ͬයē!եѱސ֧Өཾڟ၇ʟĕᓂ̈ᓂϴĕਝʟ௲̾ݣĎӨ࢈͞Ϭ Ďഓ͞ݣࡱᇅĎݩᅄᆺĔ િףē! ʰ͞Ё࿋˚ݞᎿĎїĕჳЁʟĎ͟˚ϔᎶ֗ోĕ ̜ͬයē!Ө۳ᘌĎӨʙסລढ֗ڟĄ̈قՎĕ િףē! ̈قՎĕ
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. Ꮓᐰീ࠳ཚႍ Ꮓᐰീ࠳ཚႍ Onomatopoeic Words as Adverbials or Attributives. Another common term for “onomatopoeic words” is ཫᐰീ ോᐰീ Onomatopoeic expressions are words that imitate natural sounds. In general, onomatopoeic expressions are used in the following ways. UÊ >`ÛiÀL>ÃÊÜ
V
ÊVVÕÀÊLivÀiÊ>ÊÛiÀLÊ«
À>ÃiÊ6*®\Ê">Ì«iVÊÜÀ`ÃÊ Example:
ϴ VP
ढᚘ၎ൎ၎ൎϴՖൿĄ ढᚘ၎ൎ၎ൎϴՖrĄ
The clock is ticking.
UÊ >ÌÌÀLÕÌÛiÃÊÜ
V
ÊVVÕÀÊLivÀiÊ>ÊÕÊ«
À>ÃiÊ *®°Ê">Ì«iVÊÜÀ`ÃÊ NP [shWng] sound, noise Example:
)ᒐ*)ᒐ*
ӨՎ෪෪ྪڟᒐĄ ӨՎ෪෪ྪڟᒐĄ
I heard the rumble of thunder. Onomatopoeic expressions are commonly used in prose to make the writing more lively and more beautiful. Similar to other languages, Chinese has its own conventions to describe natural sounds. Common onomatopoeic expressions are listed below. Onomatopoeic expression 1.
!
Meaning sound of a whistle
[bXbX]
Examples
ࢫ˅ņŇϴᛪĄ ࢫ˅ņŇϴᛪĄ
The whistle is making a bi-bi sound.
ࢨվސᚌဆϵ̥ѿʡคՙĄ ࢨվސᚌဆϵ̥ѿʡคՙĄ
It is the policeman prohibiting others from parking illegally. 2.
!
ᇚᇚ ᇚᇚ
murmur, babble (of water)
[chánchán] 3.
!
၎ൎ၎ൎ ၎ൎ၎ൎ [dXdVdXdV]
ᇚᇚ̫Ą ᇚᇚ̫Ą
A murmuring stream. tick-tock (of a clock)
ढᚘ၎ൎ၎ൎϴՖൿĄ ढᚘ၎ൎ၎ൎϴՖrĄ The clock is ticking.
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Onomatopoeic expression 4.
!
၎၎ൎൎ ၎၎ൎൎ
!
ͣዝ ͣዝ
Prose and Poetic Expressions
Meaning drip drip (of water)
[dXdXdVdV] 5.
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Examples
̫ۦ၎၎ൎൎϴΈϵʰĄ ̫ۦ၎၎ൎൎϴΈϵʰĄ The rain is dripping on the window.
ding-dong, jingle
[dXngdVng]
۞ྛͣዝϴᛪൿĄ ۞ྛͣዝϴᛪrĄ
The doorbell is making a ding-dong sound.
આᚘᛪਔʟʙਲͣڟዝᒐĎ આᚘᛪਔʟʙਲͣڟዝᒐĎ From the church came the sound of jingling bells
ᜍ۔༑ቛĄ ᜍ۔༑ቛĄ
to welcome Christmas. 6.
!
ֳֳ ֳֳ
the sound of wind
[hZhZ] 7.
!
ᅞ੨ᅞ੨ ᅞ੨ᅞ੨ [huVlV huVlV]
8.
!
ᅥᅥ ᅥᅥ
The wind is howling. the gurgling of a stream, bubbling sounds of water
˃ۦᅞ੨ᅞ੨ϴʮൿĄ ˃ۦᅞ੨ᅞ੨ϴʮrĄ
the chirping of birds
ᅥᅥˉڟనᒐӰ݆˅ҞᎺʟĄ ᅥᅥˉڟనᒐӰ݆˅ҞᎺʟĄ
[jXjX zhVzhV] 9.
!
R⊧ R⊧
!
෪෪ ෪෪
clanking noise
!
⊭⊭ ⊭⊭ [miVomiVo]
ᓧ˅R⊧ϴ૬ϵϴʰĄ ᓧ˅R⊧ϴ૬ϵϴʰĄ
The pot fell onto the floor with a clang. the rumble of thunder
[lónglóng] 11.
A heavy rain is pouring down.
The chirping of the birds woke up the kids.
[kuVnglVng] 10.
ࡳֳֳϴኳൿĄ ࡳֳֳϴኳrĄ
ӨՎ෪෪ྪڟᒐĄ ӨՎ෪෪ྪڟᒐĄ
I heard the rumble of thunder. meow (of a cat)
ˉᎥ⊭⊭ϴͩൿĄ ˉᎥ⊭⊭ϴͩrĄ The cat is meowing.
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Onomatopoeic expression 12.
!
ోోో ోోో
Meaning
Examples
crowing sound (of a rooster)
˴ᖘోోోϴͩൿĄ ˴ᖘోోోϴͩrĄ
[Y Y Y] 13.
!
The rooster is crowing.
[pWngpWng]
sound of knocking on a door, a door shutting, gunfire
ڟʙᒐĎ۞ᘰʰʟĄ ڟʙᒐĎ۞ᘰʰʟĄ The door banged shut.
ӨՎڟ၁ᒐĄ ӨՎڟ၁ᒐĄ
I heard the sound of gunfire. 14.
!
ᅒը੧੨ ᅒը੧੨
crackle of firecrackers
[pXli pVlV] 15.
!
ᆢᆢ ᆢᆢ [pZtYngpZtYng]
ʹʙਲᅒը੧੨ڟᖜߕᒐĄ ʹʙਲᅒը੧੨ڟᖜߕᒐĄ
There is a crackle of firecrackers outside. to plop (into water); a heartbeat (e.g., nervous, fear)
ۧඐᆢᆢϴʮ̫Ą ۧඐᆢᆢϴʮ̫Ą The frog plopped into the water.
Ө̖ڟϵᆢᆢϴൿĄ Ө̖ڟϵᆢᆢϴrĄ My heart is going pitter-patter. 16.
!
humming (of a bee)
ลล ลล [wWngwWng]
17.
!
େᗓେᗓ େᗓେᗓ
The bees are humming by. patter (of rain, water)
[xXlìxXlì]
>> Try
კ༼ลลϴࡴൿĄ კ༼ลลϴࡴrĄ
ˉۦେᗓେᗓϴʮൿĄ ˉۦେᗓେᗓϴʮrĄ The rain is pattering down.
it! With a partner, use “onomatopoeic expressions” to describe some situations. For example,
! !
ʹʮۦʟĎ˃ۦᅞ੨ᅞ੨ϴʮൿĄ ʹʮۦʟĎ˃ۦᅞ੨ᅞ੨ϴʮrĄ
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II. Conjunction ܫɌ “both . . . and, as well as”
ދ//////ʬ is a conjunction which joins two verbal expressions (verbs or adjectives). The elements which ދ//////ʬ connects are usually very similar in structure. !
ʟѱڟབྷĎӨދ፹ʬ๐Ą ʟѱڟབྷĎӨދ፹ʬ๐Ą
! !
͂ދჳ˛̜Ďʬ੮˛̜၈Ą ͂ދჳ˛̜Ďʬ੮˛̜၈Ą
Examples:
The following table presents several conjunctions which connect parallel verbal elements, and highlights the subtle differences between them. Conjunctions
Features
Examples
ދ//////ʬ ދ//////ʬ
“both.. .and, as well as”
͂ދჳ˛̜Ďʬ੮˛၈Ą ͂ދჳ˛̜Ďʬ੮˛၈Ą
ދ//////ʶ ދ//////ʶ
“both.. .and, as well as”
͂ދჳ˛̜Ďʶ੮˛၈Ą ͂ދჳ˛̜Ďʶ੮˛၈Ą
ދ//////̸
“both.. .and, as well as” UÊ ÀiÊÜÀÌÌiÊÃÌÞiÊÌ
>
˃ᇂދ̸˃Ą ˃ᇂދ̸˃Ą
ދ//////ʬ)ʶ* UÊ ÞÊÕÃi`ÊÌÊViVÌÊ monosyllabic adjectives
This building is both tall and big.
ନ٬ދᅶ̸Ą ନ٬ދᅶ̸Ą
This river is both wide and deep.
ʶ//////ʶ
“not only . . .but also”
Ђϵଏʰʶ੮၈ʶĄ Ђϵଏʰʶ੮၈ʶĄ She was not only singing, but also dancing at the party.
ʬ//////ʬ
“not only.. .but also” UÊ ÃÌÀ}iÀÊÌ
>Êʶ//////ʶ
Ђϵଏʰʬ੮၈ʬĄ Ђϵଏʰʬ੮၈ʬĄ She was not only singing, but also dancing at the party.
Note: If the subjects are different but with the same predicate, ދ//////ʬ)̸Ďʶ* cannot be used. In that case the ˚Ѯ//////ʶ pattern is used.
͂ΡॉʟĎӨʶΡॉʟĄl!˚Ѯ͂ΡॉʟĎӨʶΡॉʟĄ ͂ΡॉʟĎӨʶΡॉʟĄl!˚Ѯ͂ΡॉʟĎӨʶΡॉʟĄ
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
it! With a partner, use the “both . . . and”conjunctions to describe what you or your friends are good at, or what you or your friends like. For example,
! !
Ө݉̄ދ੮၈ĎʬĄ Ө݉̄ދ੮၈ĎʬĄ
III. Summary of Topic-Comment Sentences Chinese is known as a topic-prominent language. That is, the “topic” notion plays an important role in explaining some Chinese grammatical structures. As illustrated below,
iÃiÊÃiÌiViÃÊ>ÞÊLiÊ`Û`i`ÊÌÊÌÜÊV>Ìi}ÀiÃ\ÊÃÕLiVÌ«Ài`V>ÌiÊ>`ÊÌ«VViÌ° Subject-predicate sentences
Topic-comment sentence
– generally used for narrative purpose – mainly express an action
Ө࢈! લੈ˛Ą Ө࢈! લੈ˛Ą
– describe or provide further comment related to the topic – mainly express a state
ੈ˛! ސӨ࢈ڟ๒ЁĄ ੈ˛! ސӨ࢈ڟ๒ЁĄ
subject predicate We often cook Chinese food.
topic comment Cooking Chinese food is our hobby. (As for cooking Chinese food, that is our hobby.)
In a topic-comment sentence the topic is the shared information in the context while the comment that follows it provides further information related to the topic. The topic can be a noun, pronoun, verbal phrase, or clause. The topic may be translated beginning with “As for . . . .” The comments may be a verbal phrase or a clause. See the examples in the table. Topic
Comment
եጙ եጙ
༨˅˃Ą ༨˅˃Ą
Ө Ө
ᏞঃĄ ᏞঃĄ
Features
༨˅˃)༨˅˃*\ÊÃiÀÛiÃÊ>ÃÊ the comment. It also has a part )༨˅*\༨˅^!to whole )ጙ*! \ጙ^ relationship. Speaking of the tree, its leaves are big. This is also a part to whole relationship. I have a headache. (As for me, my head hurts.)
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Topic
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
Comment
̈ޒ ̈ޒ
Features As for yesterday, it was a misunderstanding.
ސʙჲĄ ސʙჲĄ
ʭڟჭ ٲӨФ֍ੰᖠĄ ʭڟჭ ٲӨФ֍ੰᖠĄ
As for the grammar points of Lesson 3, I have two questions.
͂̄ى˄ڟ ͂̄ى˄ڟ
A topic may be followed by several comments. (We are talking about his girlfriend.) As for his girlfriend, her eyes are big, (her) hair is long, and (she is) beautiful.
໘˃ĎᏞĎݞၔ۫Ą ໘˃ĎᏞĎݞၔ۫Ą
Note that as we mentioned in Lesson 11, the unmarked notional passive sentence usually occurs as a topic-comment sentence. See the examples in the table. Topic
Comment
English
ੈЁʟĄ ੈЁʟĄ
The meal is ready. (As for the meal, it is ready.)
Ѱ Ѱ
ᅸӇʟĄ ᅸӇʟĄ
The assignment is finished. (As for the assignment, it is finished.)
Ꮐ Ꮐ
ۆώʟĄ ۆώʟĄ
The money is all spent. (As for the money, it is all spent.)
۬ ۬
ચ͎͞ʟĄ ચ͎͞ʟĄ
The letter has been sent. (As for the letter, it has been sent.)
ѱ̛ڟஉ ѱ̛ڟஉ
Н֗ʟĄ Н֗ʟĄ
Your check has been received. (As for your check, it has been received.)
>> Try
it! With a partner, use the “topic-comment” notion to make 2–3 sentences. For example,
! !
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ደೈ̜˛ڟĎ͒ݞϻĎ͟ސуཐ˚ᘲĄ ደೈ̜˛ڟĎ͒ݞϻĎ͟ސуཐ˚ᘲĄ
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
The Rain in March ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
ʭ̢ཇۦˉڟĎେᗓᗓᗓᗓᗓĎେᗓᗓᗓʮ˚Ą ˌՑཇˉڟຩĎᅞ੨੨੨੨੨Ďᅞ੨੨੨˚Ą ˉߏۦቢĎˉຩߏቢĎળൿၖᗄڟୈ଼Ą ʭ̢ཇۦˉڟĎେᗓᗓᗓᗓᗓĎେᗓᗓᗓʮ˚Ą ˌՑཇˉڟຩĎᅞ੨੨੨੨੨Ďᅞ੨੨੨˚Ą ˉۦగѢӨĎˉຩӨටĎ͟ڣӨၖᗄڟછĄ ቜੰˉຩĎቢ̈́ӨਡĎਡեʙᓻ๒Ө̖ڟĎ ਡեʙᓻ๒Ө̖ڟ////// Notes:
ˌՑ)ˌՑ* [shVngdR\ÊÕÌ>ÊÛ>iÞ ˉຩ)ˉຩ* [xi`oxXR\ÊVÀii )*ÊQÖR\ÊÌÊyÜ )* [piVR\ÊÌÊ`Àââi]Êv>ÊÃÜÞ]Ê`ÀvÌ ၖᗄ)ၖᗄ* [m`
Õ?R\Ê
>ÛiÊi½ÃÊ
i>ÀÌÊwi`ÊÜÌ
ୈ଼)ୈ଼* [qXqX}R\ÊiÞÊ>`ÊÃ>` గѢ)గѢ*ÊQ«jLDR\ÊÌÊ>VV«>Þ છ)છ*ÊQ¢R\ÊiÞ ̈́)̈́*ÊQ`DR\ÊÌÊ`ÊÃiÌ
}ÊÊÃii½ÃÊLi
>v ਡ)ਡ* [zhuXÝÖR\ÊÌÊ«ÕÀÃÕi ᓻ)ᓻ* [kWR\Êi>ÃÕÀiÊÜÀ`ÊvÀÊ
i>ÀÌî
Lesson 14
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
The Rain in March ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
ʭ̢ཇۦˉڟĎେᗓᗓᗓᗓᗓĎେᗓᗓᗓʮ˚Ą ˌՑཇˉڟຩĎᅞ੨੨੨੨੨Ďᅞ੨੨੨˚Ą ˉߏۦቢĎˉຩߏቢĎળrၖᗄڟୈ଼Ą ʭ̢ཇۦˉڟĎେᗓᗓᗓᗓᗓĎେᗓᗓᗓʮ˚Ą ˌՑཇˉڟຩĎᅞ੨੨੨੨੨Ďᅞ੨੨੨˚Ą ˉۦగѢӨĎˉຩӨටĎ͟ڣӨၖᗄڟછĄ ቜੰˉຩĎቢ̈́ӨਡĎਡեʙᓻ๒Ө̖ڟĎ ਡեʙᓻ๒Ө̖ڟ////// Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Ӱ͎୪ڟᐣᒐච (onomatopoeic expressions) Ӳ͎վĄ Ӱ͎୪ڟᐣᒐචӲ͎վĄ
2.
ࡶ၈ϵჳ˧ᅄĎቜѱьˏڟབྷϔჳʙ྇Ą ࡶ၈ϵჳ˧ᅄĎቜѱьˏڟབྷϔჳʙ྇Ą
3.
Ӱࡶ၈ڟ၈චᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą Ӱࡶ၈ڟ၈චᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą
447
448
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY ϱͳᏜ ϱͳᏜ [tóng zh^u gòng jì] Meaning: To show mutual concern for people in the same boat. Usage: It is used to indicate people helping each other to reach the same goal. Example:
ѱ࢈ᐖཎˣߺቘཌĎ!ņϣёϓᐼŇĎʙਔӇЙౢҙĄ ѱ࢈ᐖཎˣߺቘཌĎ!ņϣёϓᐼŇĎʙਔӇЙౢҙĄ
*>ÞÊ>ÌÌiÌÊÌ\ 1. Onomatopoeia as adverbials or attributives ᐣᒐච໋ྺჭ)ᐣᒐච໋ྺჭ* 2. Conjunctions ދ//////ʬ 3. Summary of topic-comment sentences.
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ̈́͠Ҕַඹڟʡલલ˚ᜍဇ̟ĄФʙ̈Ď֍ڟʡދϣढ ࡌ͞٬ڟဇʬҲϣʙନĄࢤՖڟढĎ͂࢈˚ݞᜍဇ̟Ď Ё࿋ࡌҞڟޜᆺ˅Ą֗٬˛ڟڟढĎࠏഓ྄֗˃ࡳۦĎ෪෪ ϴΈྪᒐĎࡳֳֳϴኳൿĄݞӤϴĎ˃ۦ౷ᅞ੨ᅞ੨ϴʮਔվʟĎ͂ ࢈ڟݞӤ౷ࡌᕚʟĄ֍ڟʡ̖ཇދႧϴᆢᆢϴൿĎʬ˚ ཾڣᐖཎݩᅄᎲ˗ЁĄశݣĎߏʟ۳ўьˏڟΡּĎ͂࢈౷ˣߺᐓ ҅ďϫѰĎశݣதػЊϒϴ֗ʟ٬ڟဇĄ
Lesson 14
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
449
)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ̈́͠Ҕַඹڟʡલલ˚ᜍဇ̟ĄФʙ̈Ď֍ڟʡދϣढ ࡌ͞٬ڟဇʬҲϣʙନĄࢤՖڟढĎ͂࢈˚ݞᜍဇ̟Ď Ё࿋ࡌҞڟޜᆺ˅Ą֗٬˛ڟڟढĎࠏഓ྄֗˃ࡳۦĎ෪෪ ϴΈྪᒐĎࡳֳֳϴኳrĄݞӤϴĎ˃ۦ౷ᅞ੨ᅞ੨ϴʮਔվʟĎ͂ ࢈ڟݞӤ౷ࡌᕚʟĄ֍ڟʡ̖ཇދႧϴᆢᆢϴrĎʬ˚ ཾڣᐖཎݩᅄᎲ˗ЁĄశݣĎߏʟ۳ўьˏڟΡּĎ͂࢈౷ˣߺᐓ ҅ďϫѰĎశݣதػЊϒϴ֗ʟ٬ڟဇĄ Notes:
̈́͠)̈́͠* [gd`DR\Ê>ViÌÊÌià Ҕ)Ҕ*ÊQ7Ö}ÕR\ÊÌ
iÊ-Ì>ÌiÊvÊ7Õ ඹ)ඹ*ÊQ9Õm}ÕR\ÊÌ
iÊ-Ì>ÌiÊvÊ9Õi ဇ̟)ဇ̟* [duìfV}R\ÊÌ
iÊÌ
iÀÊ«>ÀÌÞ ٬)٬*ÊQ
jR\ÊÀÛiÀ ဇ)ဇ*ÊQ`Õ½DR\Ê««ÃÌiÊÃ
Ài ࠏഓ)ࠏഓ* [tZÀ?R\ÊÃÕ``iÞ ྄֗)྄֗*ÊQÞÙ`DR\ÊÌÊÀÕÊÌ ྪ)ྪ*ÊQjR\ÊÌ
Õ`iÀ ኳ)ኳ* [guVR\ÊvÊÜ`®ÊÌÊLÜ ᕚ)ᕚ* [fVR\ÊÌÊÌÕÀÊÛiÀ Ⴇ)Ⴇ* [jbnzhV}R\ÊiÀÛÕà Ρּ)Ρּ* [shW}}R\Êvi
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲē(i) Onomatopoeic words as adverbials or attributives; (ii) Conjunctions ދ//////ʬ; (iii) Topic-comment sentences. Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲē(i) Onomatopoeic words as adverbials or attributives; (ii) Conjunctions ދ//////ʬ; (iii) Topic-comment sentences.
ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņϣёϓᐼŇވڟձĄ ! ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņϣёϓᐼŇވڟձĄ 2.
ቜņϣёϓᐼŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņϣёϓᐼŇڟս˅Ą ! ቜņϣёϓᐼŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņϣёϓᐼŇڟս˅Ą 3.
4.ņϣёϓᐼŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
! ņϣёϓᐼŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
450
Lesson 14
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 14-1
Listen to the passage and then answer the following questions. Check them with your partner. Notes:
คʜʤᑸ)คʜʤᑸ* [luànqXbVzVR\ÊÊ>ÊiÃà ՙѝ)ՙѝ* [tíngchWÜmR\Ê«>À}Êë>Vi شϤ)شϤ* [tuY`DR\ÊÌÊÌÜÊ>Ü>Þ ᚌဆӋ)ᚌဆӋ* [jb}V
?ÖR\Ê«ViÊÃÌ>Ì ॑ऀ)॑ऀ* [xiVÝR\ÊiÜÃ )* [pWngpW}R\ÊÃÕ`ÊvÊV}ÊÊ>Ê`À ཌᚗ)ཌᚗ* [jiaÃ
R\ÊÌÊiÝ«>
!
ਐᕀ ਐᕀ t 1.
˧ߏ͂̈ޒᅄࡌ͂݉̄ڟՙ˅͞ደमĎʰ֗ʟ˧ᅄձĔ ˧ߏ͂̈ޒᅄࡌ͂݉̄ڟՙ˅͞ደमĎʰ֗ʟ˧ᅄձĔ!
2.
͂уӇཐ͎͞ʙĎʬവΡʟ˧ᅄձĔ ͂уӇཐ͎͞ʙĎʬവΡʟ˧ᅄձĔ
3.
͂ݞൿݨĎ̾ߏՙ˅ݩᅄʟĔ͂ੈʟ˧ᅄձĔ ͂ݞrݨĎ̾ߏՙ˅ݩᅄʟĔ͂ੈʟ˧ᅄձĔ
4.
ϱࣜ̾ݣĎ͂ҙට͂݉̄˧ᅄձĔ͂݉̄̆ڟᐖ [f`nyìng] (reaction) ˧ސᅄĔ ϱࣜ̾ݣĎ͂ҙට͂݉̄˧ᅄձĔ͂݉̄̆ڟᐖ˧ސᅄĔ
5.
ݣվՙ˅֗ݩᅄʟĔ ݣվՙ˅֗ݩᅄʟĔ
6.
͂ߏ˧ᅄދ፹ʬᘲ྆Ĕ ͂ߏ˧ᅄދ፹ʬᘲ྆Ĕ
Lesson 14
14-2
®
Prose and Poetic Expressions
451
Based on the short passage you have just listened to, complete the following sentences. Then check them with your partner. 1.
Ө˚ˉ̖ႃ྆ᏞʟĎ_____ ϴʟ݉̄ڟՙ˅͞ደमĄ Ө˚ˉ̖ႃ྆ᏞʟĎ_____ ϴʟ݉̄ڟՙ˅͞ደमĄ
2.
ՙ˅˚ՎʟĄӨ_____ ݞĎΈྫབྷ֗ _____ ӋեੰĎʶԠФ _____Ą ՙ˅˚ՎʟĄӨ_____ ݞĎΈྫབྷ֗ _____ ӋեੰĎʶԠФ _____Ą
3.
Ө˚ཾڣཎݩᅄ _____ Ө݉̄ _____ĎʙʰĎӨ_____ ސ̖ڟ ϴൿĎ˚ݩཾڣᅄ _____Ą Ө˚ཾڣཎݩᅄ _____ Ө݉̄ _____ĎʙʰĎӨ_____ ސ̖ڟ ϴrĎ˚ݩཾڣᅄ _____Ą
4.
Ө _____ ϴိൿ͂۞ڟĎҙට͂Ď͂ڟՙ˅ _____ ڟձĄ! ͂_____ ݞĂ_____ _____ ϴӰӨሪʟʙླĄ Ө _____ ϴိr͂۞ڟĎҙට͂Ď͂ڟՙ˅ _____ ڟձĄ! ͂_____ ݞĂ_____ _____ ϴӰӨሪʟʙླĄ
5.
͂ჳēӨ _____ ѱཾڟ၇ĕӨʟ̾__________________ ސݣĄ ͂ჳēӨ _____ ѱཾڟ၇ĕӨʟ̾__________________ ސݣĄ
II. Character Exercises 14-3
Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
ம ம
ΰ ΰ
ம̈݉ ம̈݉
ྫ༞ΰ ྫ༞ΰ
ϵႩʰம̈݉Ą ϵႩʰம̈݉Ą
ྫ༞ΰĎ͂ʶΓϵʰႩֹĄ ྫ༞ΰĎ͂ʶΓϵʰႩֹĄ
ӔଖЂϵႩʰம̈݉Ą ӔଖЂϵႩʰம̈݉Ą
452
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences.
14-4
1.
ቘ ቘ
2.
ҏ ҏ
3.
େ େ
4.
ᆢ ᆢ
5.
၎ ၎
6.
Ӣ Ӣ
7.
ฌ ฌ
8.
9.
ԙ ԙ
10.
ދ ދ
Read aloud the following sentences. Write them out using traditional characters. Then check your answers with a partner. 1.
͂ጠʙĎӔଖЂϵႩʰம̈݉Ą _________________________________________________________________________
2.
ސۦେᗓେᗓϴʮrĎфӨސ̖ڟᆢᆢϴrĎӨ๑ѱ ຜຜĄ _________________________________________________________________________
3.
Ђᓙϵฌֹ̖ĕӨ๑ჳʙᒐņဇ˚ਔĕ!ŇސӨڟᎿĎސʙჲ Ą _________________________________________________________________________
4.
ѱୋԙԙڟᆺ˅Ďʙ͟ݞסᆕĄ _________________________________________________________________________
5.
ӨࡌސОᔈ͎۞ĎલລढʙᔈĎѱʶ˚Ρᅄ˃ڟ ॉĄ _________________________________________________________________________
6.
Ө۳ᘌĎӨʙסລढ֗ڟĄ _________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 14
14-5
Prose and Poetic Expressions
453
Form groups and create phrases with the following words (pay attention to the various usages of each word). Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ê
®
ีēʪˤีᏀ! ีēʪˤีᏀ!
ʙีᘢ˅Ďʙีᚨ͓Ďʙี፤ ʙีᘢ˅Ďʙีᚨ͓Ďʙี፤
̩ē__________________ ̩ē__________________
______________________________________________
ē__________________ ē__________________
______________________________________________
ລē__________________ ࢟ē__________________
______________________________________________
Ϡē__________________ Ϡē__________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
«
iÃ\ Example: [shì]
ˁēᛖˁ ˁēᛖˁ ސēѱސቢĔ ސēѱސቢĔ
1. [
]
ᗓē________________________ ᗓē________________________ ҁē________________________ ҁē________________________ ᙋē________________________ ᙋē________________________ ጣē________________________ ጣē________________________
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Lesson 14
2. [
]
®
Prose and Poetic Expressions
Ͷē________________________ Ͷē________________________ ࣱē________________________ ࣱē________________________ དē________________________ དē________________________
3. [
]
ᒐē________________________ ᒐē________________________ Ρē________________________ Ρē________________________
4. [
]
Ⴐē________________________ Ⴐē________________________ ߏē________________________ ߏē________________________
5. [
]
ୋē________________________ ୋē________________________ ணē________________________ ணē________________________
6. [
]
ѳē________________________ ѳē________________________ ၎ē________________________ ၎ē________________________
Lesson 14
®
Prose and Poetic Expressions
III. Grammar Exercises 14-6Ê ÀÊ}ÀÕ«ÃÊ>`ÊwÊÊÌ
iÊL>ÃÊÜÌ
ÊÌ
iÊvÜ}Ê>Ì«iVÊiÝ«ÀiÃÃÃ\ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
)* [bXbX] ᇚᇚ)ᇚᇚ* [chánchán] ၎ൎ၎ൎ)၎ൎ၎ൎ* [dXdVdXdV] ၎၎ൎൎ)၎၎ൎൎ* [dXdXdVdV] ͣዝ)ͣዝ* [dXngdVng] ֳֳ)ֳֳ* [hZhZ] ᅞ੨ᅞ੨)ᅞ੨ᅞ੨* [huVlV huVlV] ᅥᅥ)ᅥᅥ* [jXjX zhVzhV] R⊧)R⊧* [kuVnglVng] ෪෪)෪෪* [lónglóng] ⊭⊭)⊭⊭* [miVomiVo] ోోో)ోోో* [Y Y Y] )* [pWngpWng] ᅒը੧੨)ᅒը੧੨* [pXli pVlV] ᆢᆢ)ᆢᆢ* [pZtYngpZtYng] ลล)ลล* [wWngwWng] େᗓେᗓ)େᗓେᗓ* [xXlìxXlì] ԙԙ)ԙԙ* [wVngwVng]
Notes:
ಹ̜)ಹ̜* [s`ÜjR\Ê«ÀÃi ʹક)ʹક*ÊQÜD«R\Ê}À>`Ì
iÀÊÌ
iÀ½ÃÊÃ`i® ැʮ)ැʮ* [xiV}ÝDR\ÊÛ>}i ᚉ)ᚉ* [jiWV
ÙR\ÊÌÊVÌ>VÌ ˃ьഓ)˃ьഓ*ÊQ`DâÀ?R\ÊÌ
iÊ>ÌÕÀ>ÊÜÀ` ˴ᖘ)˴ᖘ* [gYngjXR\ÊÀÃÌiÀ ኑ)רኑ[ *רlínjZR\Êi}
LÀ ఒధ)ఒధ*ÊQ`DÞÖR\Ê}ÊwÃ
} ۧඐ)ۧඐ* [qXngwVR\ÊvÀ} Έྪ)Έྪ* [d`jR\ÊÌ
Õ`iÀ ़̣)़̣*ÊQÙV
?R\ÊwÀiÜ` ֥)֥* [qdnu`R\ÊÜ>ÀÊiÃivÊi°}°]ÊLÞÊ>ÊwÀi® ̈ಿ)̈ಿ* [tiVµ}R\Ê̽ÃÊVi>À}ÊÕ«ÊvÊÜi>Ì
iÀ® ˉన)ˉన* [xi`oni`R\ÊÌÌiÊLÀ`Ã
455
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Lesson 14
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ȹᆵౙʼt˾̔ਵࡼ ӨʹڟકўϵැʮĎӨశᜍ͞ЂեĎϰߏ̾͟ᚉ˃ь ഓĎݞೕోĕʙ˃ОĎ౷֗˴ᖘ ______ ڟᒐࡱĎኑڔˉڟרʶ ______ ϴͩൿĎʹકኴʟʙਹᎥĎˉᎥᒂސව֗Өڟӗʰ ______ ϴͩӨਔӗĄ ϬʟО̾ݣĎڍڍળӨ͞٬ᘞఒధĄ٬ᘞݞЊᏗĎ̾͟ ֗ˉ٬ ______ ̫ڟᒐĎФढФಁਹۧඐ ______ ϴʮ̫Ą ʮ˿ڟढĎФढΈྪĎӨశؐΈྪʟĎ______ ྪڟᒐĎ պӨ̖ཇ ______ ϴൿĎӨࣛؐĄʹકጶൿ़̣֥Ḍ़̌ ̬ጶુ _________ ϴᛪൿĎݞЁĄ ӨᜍҲϵ̘ठᘞൿ _________ ۦڟᒐĎӔଖᄂӤ̈ಿĎ ഓݣӨ౷͎̾͟͞ږʟĕ ྆ʙĎۦʟĎˉన͎վʟĎ_________ ϴͩൿĎӨʶ ፹፹ϴ͎͞ږʟĄ )ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ȹᆵౙʼt˾̔ਵࡼ ӨʹڟકўϵැʮĎӨశᜍ͞ЂեĎϰߏ̾͟ᚉ˃ь ഓĎݞೕోĕʙ˃ОĎ౷֗˴ᖘ ______ ڟᒐࡱĎኑڔˉڟרʶ ______ ϴͩrĎʹકኴʟʙਹᎥĎˉᎥᒂސව֗Өڟӗʰ ______ ϴͩӨਔӗĄ ϬʟО̾ݣĎڍڍળӨ͞٬ᘞఒధĄ٬ᘞݞЊᏗĎ̾͟ ֗ˉ٬ ______ ̫ڟᒐĎФढФಁਹۧඐ ______ ϴʮ̫Ą ʮ˿ڟढĎФढΈྪĎӨశؐΈྪʟĎ______ ྪڟᒐĎ պӨ̖ཇ ______ ϴrĎӨࣛؐĄʹકጶṛ़֥Ḍ़̌ ̬ጶુ _________ ϴᛪrĎݞЁĄ ӨᜍҲϵ̘ठᘞr _________ ۦڟᒐĎӔଖᄂӤ̈ಿĎ ഓݣӨ౷͎̾͟͞ږʟĕ ྆ʙĎۦʟĎˉన͎վʟĎ_________ ϴͩrĎӨʶ ፹፹ϴ͎͞ږʟĄ
Lesson 14
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Topic-comment sentences Work with your partner. Analyze the following sentences from the text. Indicate which part is the topic and which part is the comment. 1.
ʹސۦڟେᗓେᗓϴʮൿĎфӨސ̖ڟᆢᆢϴൿĄ ʹސۦڟେᗓେᗓϴʮrĎфӨސ̖ڟᆢᆢϴrĄ
2.
̈ޒސӨڟᎿĎސʙჲĄ ̈ޒސӨڟᎿĎސʙჲĄ
3.
ѱୋԙԙڟᆺ˅Ďʙ͟ݞסᆕĄ ѱୋԙԙڟᆺ˅Ďʙ͟ݞסᆕĄ
4.
ѱᅄჳӨދސ๐ʬ፹Ą ѱᅄჳӨދސ๐ʬ፹Ą
5.
ѱڟт̩ॾࡌڟӽʙӽҢĕ ѱڟт̩ॾࡌڟӽʙӽҢĕ
IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ʩծɾ༞ ༞ʥ ʩծɾ༞ ༞ʥ Essential Principles for a Married Couple: Apologies and Good Communication
ᒅЅē
̉ཾ˞ēཾ၇̅ຜ ̴ϑΡ̾܉લַ˅വΡڌઈ̅ѾዽĎϵڟ̄ىᙎჳ˞ʮĎ̉ ˣߺཾ၇ĎծྀЙ֞ᚊēϻຜĎϻϵ̽ဇ̟ڟ๐֧ĎΛᎿ ʙ̟Άϑϩဇ̟ཾ၇Ď൘˚ϵ݆˅܉Ҟޜ//////ĄЃˬ ϰ̉ϣ̖֞ʨĎˤБվΐФڌҞձവΡĄ
458
Lesson 14
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
ᕏЅē
̉ཾ˞ēཾ၇̅ຜ ̴ϑΡ̾܉લַ˅വΡڌઈ̅ѾዽĎϵڟ̄ىᙎჳ˞ʮĎ̉ ˣߺཾ၇ĎծྀЙ֞ᚊēϻຜĎϻϵ̽ဇ̟ڟ๐֧ĎΛᎿ ʙ̟Άϑϩဇ̟ཾ၇Ď൘˚ϵ݆˅܉Ҟޜ//////ĄЃˬ ϰ̉ϣ̖֞ʨĎˤБվΐФڌҞձവΡĄ
Notes:
̉[ *̉)fZqXR\Ê>ÀÀi`ÊVÕ«i ཾ)ཾ*ÊQ`DR\Ê«ÀV«i Exercises for the headlines: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following questions. 1. How does the literal translation of the headline differ from what would sound natural in your native language? 2. What are the spoken counterparts for some of the words in the headline? Notes:
ڌઈ)ڌઈ* [zhW}â
R\Ê`Ã>}ÀiiiÌ Ѿዽ)Ѿዽ* [la}â
DR\ÊV`ÊÜ>À ྀЙ)ྀЙ*ÊQ`?V
j}R\ÊÌÊÀi>V
֞ᚊ)֞ᚊ*ÊQÝjÞR\ÊÌÊ>}ÀiiÊ]Ê>}ÀiiiÌ Ѓˬ)Ѓˬ* [rújXR\ÊÜ>`>ÞÃ]ÊÜ ϣ̖֞ʨ)ϣ̖֞ʨ* [tóngxXÊÝjR\ÊÌÊÜÀÊÌ}iÌ
iÀÊÜÌ
ÊiÊ
i>ÀÌ
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Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. Can you find any expressions used solely in writing? What are their spoken counterparts (e.g., Ѓˬ, ΐФ)? 2. Point out the sentences which contain Lesson 14 vocabulary, then translate the sentences into your native language (e.g., ཾ၇; ຜ)ຜ*; Ҟ)ޜ. 3. Use your own words in Chinese to retell the meaning of the headline and article.
V. Communicative Activities 14-8
Tell a story or describe an experience you have had. Use some of the following onomatopoetic words, topic-comment sentences, and ދ//////ʬ in your report. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
)* [bXbX] ᇚᇚ)ᇚᇚ* [chánchán] ၎ൎ၎ൎ)၎ൎ၎ൎ* [dXdVdXdV] ၎၎ൎൎ)၎၎ൎൎ* [dXdXdVdV] ͣዝ)ͣዝ* [dXngdVng] ֳֳ)ֳֳ* [hZhZ] ᅞ੨ᅞ੨)ᅞ੨ᅞ੨* [huVlV huVlV] ᅥᅥ)ᅥᅥ* [jXjX zhVzhV] R⊧)R⊧* [kuVnglVng] ෪෪)෪෪* [lónglóng] ⊭⊭)⊭⊭* [miVomiVo] ోోో)ోోో* [Y Y Y] )* [pWngpWng] ᅒը੧੨)ᅒը੧੨* [pXli pVlV] ᆢᆢ)ᆢᆢ* [pZtYngpZtYng] ลล)ลล* [wWngwWng] େᗓେᗓ)େᗓେᗓ* [xXlìxXlì]
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Lesson 14
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
You made a mistake and would like to seek forgiveness. With a partner, 1. Explain the mistake you made and then apologize. 2. Listen, provide comments, and then accept the apology. Notes:
ʿ)ʿ* ჳʙᒐ)ჳʙᒐ* ཾ၇)ཾ၇* ̩ॾ)̩ॾ* 14-10
ቘཌ)ቘཌ* ဇ˚ਔ)ဇ˚ਔ* ୩ཌ)୩ཌ* ۳ᘌ)۳ᘌ*
ฌ̖)ฌ̖* ჲ)ჲ* ދ//////ʬ)ދ//////ʬ*
Ͷଖ)Ͷଖ* ᘲ྆)ᘲ྆* ๐)๐*
Ѱ)Ѱ* ([jítbÊV
ÕD}âÕ¢R\ÊViVÌÛiÊVÀi>Ì® Would you like to be a writer? Now you can try with your group. 1. Form groups to compose a prose essay. Use some of the onomatopoeic expressions from this lesson to make your work more lively. 2. Read your work aloud to the class.
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ɻਝτΊؿଊˤౙʼАࡼ ɻਝτΊؿଊˤౙʼАࡼ Famous Modern Chinese Prose Writers issues of social and economic ಹ̜ [s`nwén] (prose), that is Do you know… stories written in the vernacular justice. His characterization was s WHATTHE-AY &OURTH-OVEMENT language, only became popular precise, and he favored the use of REPRESENTED in China around a century caricatures to represent China’s s THENAMESOFANY ago during the ˤͲོ! ills. FAMOUSMODERN #HINESEPROSE [Wdsì Yùndòng] Another important modern )ˤͲོ* WRITERS (May Fourth Movement), the writer is ࣸӡᆞ [Xú Zhìmó] Read and find out! important literary revolution that (1897–1931), a renowned lyrical began in 1919. Chinese prose poet. While studying in the often includes flowery and poetic language, United States and England, he was influenced such as the onomatopoeic expressions by Tagore, an Indian poet, and Shelley and introduced in this lesson. A main leader of Keats. ࣸӡᆞ used his flowery and ornate this movement was ՞)՞* [Ld Xùn] writings as a way to express his political (1881–1936), one of China’s most famous views in the monthly magazine he edited, modern writers. Initially studying to become ̢ [XXn Yuè]. Other famous prose writers a doctor, China’s widespread corruption include Чь଼ [ZhZ ZìqXng] (1898 –1948) inspired Lu Xun to abandon medicine for and ϕ̖ [BXng XXn] (1900–1999). writing—a medium he hoped would help to In modern China, many famous writers heal what he saw to be China’s dying soul. have addressed current issues and ideas in His prolific and satirical writings addressed their writings, making literature a significant social problems in China, such as the negative tool for change as well as a record of issues impact of modernization, the oppression and views in contemporary Chinese culture of superstitious traditions, and overall and society.
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
,U8UNINHISOFlCE 7HATSOCIALPROBLEMSDIDHE ADDRESSINHISWRITINGS
#HINESECHILDRENENJOYREADINGTHEWORKSOFFAMOUS WRITERS7HATDOYOUTHINKTHISTEACHESTHEM
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ѱశᜍڟѰࣜސቢĔѱశۖʟ˧ᅄᆺˉڟჳĔѱశᘲӟڟĎ! ᚈુశФቸڟ˧ސᅄĔ ѱశᜍڟѰࣜސቢĔѱశۖʟ˧ᅄᆺˉڟჳĔѱశᘲӟڟĎ! ᚈુశФቸڟ˧ސᅄĔ Who is your favorite writer? What is the most recent book you have read? What are the most unforgettable/interesting aspects of that book?
2.
ѱೆ༄๑໋ѰࣜฝĔЃَѱސʙѰࣜĎѱ๑ᅸ˧ᅄᆺވڟձĔ! ߏ˧ᅄĔ ѱೆ༄๑໋ѰࣜฝĔЃَѱސʙѰࣜĎѱ๑ᅸ˧ᅄᆺވڟձĔ! ߏ˧ᅄĔ Have you ever dreamed of being a writer? If you were a writer, what types of stories would you like to write? Why?
Lesson 14
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Prose and Poetic Expressions
መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE ˛ݨΡೃ ˛ݨΡೃ To suddenly hit upon a way out of a predicament
! !
jí
zhYng
shWng
zhì
!ݨ !ݨ
˛! ˛!
Ρ! Ρ!
ೃ ೃ
urgent
middle
to produce
wisdom, wit
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. Do you have a story or experience which illustrates this saying? Please share it.
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Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! چɻЩౡ چɻЩౡ A Rainy Scene
ˉۆశۖඵʟʙ iPodĄЂલʮཷʙղЂᜍڟ၈ĄˉۆϵႩʰ֗ʟ ࡶņ҉˛ۦುŇ ڟMP3Ď၈චཇФݞϻᐣᒐචĎݞФ๎ݦĄ̾ʮސ ࡶ၈ڟ၈චĄ ˉۆశۖඵʟʙ iPodĄЂલʮཷʙղЂᜍڟ၈ĄˉۆϵႩʰ֗ʟ ࡶņ҉˛ۦುŇ ڟMP3Ď၈චཇФݞϻᐣᒐචĎݞФ๎ݦĄ̾ʮސ ࡶ၈ڟ၈චĄ
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* !
҉˛ۦು
ᅞ੨੨੨੨ĎʮۦʟĎ֗˃ࣜϵවĄ ͰͰͰͰͰĎࡎുՙĎ͂࢈ڟΡ๎ސ५ѿЁĄ )ѱФᏀҲ˚֗* ᅞ੨੨੨੨ĎାᑆʟĎЁϻʡᒛʰ࿘Ͷ͞ʟরĄ ഒѤଖൿ̈ĎॉӰᏞĄ ๐ᚈ̈ѓ˚ဇĎశЁӰۦఴળЁĄ ˚ࡌۦվʟĎՎѱʬཱུʬවĄ ᛜ෪෪෪෪ĎΈྪʟĎᒚˉڟʡ˚ಸවĄ)ؐؐ* ഒѤଖൿ̈ĎॉӰᏞĄ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* !
҉˛ۦು
ᅞ੨੨੨੨ĎʮۦʟĎ֗˃ࣜϵවĄ ͰͰͰͰͰĎࡎുՙĎ͂࢈ڟΡ๎ސ५ѿЁĄ )ѱФᏀҲ˚֗* ᅞ੨੨੨੨ĎାᑆʟĎЁϻʡᒛʰ࿘Ͷ͞ʟরĄ ഒѤଖr̈ĎॉӰᏞĄ ๐ᚈ̈ѓ˚ဇĎశЁӰۦఴળЁĄ ˚ࡌۦվʟĎՎѱʬཱུʬවĄ ᛜ෪෪෪෪ĎΈྪʟĎᒚˉڟʡ˚ಸවĄ)ؐؐ* ഒѤଖr̈ĎॉӰᏞĄ Notes:
ʮཷ)ʮཷ* [xiàz`R\ÊÌÊ`Ü>` ᐣᒐච)ᐣᒐච* [nbshW}VR\Ê>Ì«i> ၈ච)၈ච* [gWVR\ÊÞÀVÃ Ρ๎)Ρ๎* [shW}ÞR\ÊLÕÃiÃÃ ାᑆ)ାᑆ* [línshXR\ÊÌÊ}iÌÊÜiÌ ഒѤ)ഒѤ*ÊQÜÖD
jR\ÊV>ÌÊ
i«ÊLÕÌ ଖ)ଖ*ÊQÜD}R\ÊÌÊ )*ÊQÞ?R\ÊÌÊÃ
>i ̈ѓ)̈ѓ* [tiVÃmR\ÊÃÞ ۦఴ)ۦఴ* [yds`R\ÊÕLÀi> ཱུ)ཱུ* [ducR\ÊÌÊ>Û`]Ê``}i ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. 2. 3.
Ӱ͎୪ڟᐣᒐච (onomatopoeic expressions) Ӳ͎վĄ Ӱ͎୪ڟᐣᒐචӲ͎վĄ ࡶ၈ϵჳ˧ᅄĎቜѱьˏڟབྷჳʙჳĄ ࡶ၈ϵჳ˧ᅄĎቜѱьˏڟབྷჳʙჳĄ Ӱࡶ၈ڟ၈චᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą Ӱࡶ၈ڟ၈චᕚᚍЙ࠼̜Ą
4. Do you know any songs that contain onomatopoeic expressions (in English or in your native language)? What are they about? What kinds of onomatopoeic expressions do the songs use?
466
Review
నୌ నୌ Review LESSON 13 TO LESSON 14 I. Conversation We learned two common Chinese sayings in “Fun with Chinese” in Lessons 13 and 14.
Ϭᒫސႋ)Ϭᒫސႋ* [chX kuX shì fú] (To be at a disadvantage is good fortune) and ˛ݨΡೃ)˛ݨΡೃ* [jí zhYng shWng zhì] (To suddenly hit upon a way out of a predicament) Work with your partner. 1. Use your own words in Chinese to explain what these two sayings mean and imply. 2. Use these two sayings in Chinese sentences. 3. Tell a story or experience in Chinese to illustrate these two sayings (use at least 15 sentences). Try to incorporate the following grammar points and expressions. À>>ÀÊ«ÌÃ\Ê«ÛÌ>ÊVÃÌÀÕVÌÃÊ࢙ჭͯ)࢙ჭͯ* [jiVnyd jù] and causative sentences պ)ٲպ[ *ٲshbdòng yòngf`]
ቜ ࡌ ͩ պ ͅ ּͅ ᙎ ˰௨ κ ݟҘִ ซ ཱྀ ̥ ݚᚊ ቜ ࡌ ͩ պ ͅ ּͅ ᙎ ˰௨ κ ݟҘִ ซ ཱྀ ̥ ݚᚊ )ᅜĎࢯĎࢸĎܙҢĎ֫ĎోĎรĎዧĎ੭*; sentence-final particles )ֹĎґĎ࿘ĎోĎҢĎ੨*. Interjections )ᅜĎࢯĎࢸĎܙҢĎ֫ĎోĎรĎዧĎ੭*; sentence-final particles )ֹĎґĎ࿘ĎోĎҢĎ੨*. Interjections
(1)
Review
467
(2)
II. Description ಢࡘ)ಢࡘ*ÊQ?Ã
ÙR\ÊÌÊ`iÃVÀLiÆÊ`iÃVÀ«Ì ࡳು)ࡳು* [fWngjb}R\ÊÃViVÊÛiÜ Work with your partner. Describe a person, event, or a scenic view (use at least 15 sentences). Try to use some of the following expressions to make your description more lively and more elegant. Notes: Use onomatopoeic words, topic-comment sentences, and 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
)* [bXbX] ᇚᇚ)ᇚᇚ* [chánchán] ၎ൎ၎ൎ)၎ൎ၎ൎ* [dXdVdXdV] ၎၎ൎൎ)၎၎ൎൎ* [dXdXdVdV] ͣዝ)ͣዝ* [dXngdVng] ֳֳ)ֳֳ* [hZhZ] ᅞ੨ᅞ੨)ᅞ੨ᅞ੨* [huVlV huVlV] ᅥᅥ)ᅥᅥ* [jXjX zhVzhV] R⊧)R⊧* [kuVnglVng] ෪෪)෪෪* [lónglóng] ⊭⊭)⊭⊭* [miVomiVo] ోోో)ోోో* [Y Y Y] )* [pWngpWng] ᅒը੧੨)ᅒը੧੨* [pXli pVlV] ᆢᆢ)ᆢᆢ* [pZtYngpZtYng] ลล)ลล* [wWngwWng] େᗓେᗓ)େᗓେᗓ* [xXlìxXlì]
ދ//////ʬ in your story.
468
Review
III. Storytelling With your group, try to use the expressions provided above to create your own story based on the following pictures (at least three sentences for each picture).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
IV. Traditional and Simplified Characters With a partner, read each character aloud. Write its traditional form. Then make a phrase and a sentence using the character. Example: £Î\Ê ᚊ
ደ l ደ l ደΡ l ӨސደΡĄ
)! * £{\Ê ᆢ )! *
ટ )! * )! *
ႌ )! * ᗓ )! *
Ⴔ )! * ຜ )! *
Ꮆ )! * ฌ )! *
ᒐ )! *
ୋ )! *
Ɋʄᇾ Ɋʄᇾ L E S S O N
ࠑᅥ–నୌ ࠑᅥ–నୌ
Music – Review
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. How do you request favors or respond to requests for favors in your culture? 2. What kinds of music are most popular in your culture or community? Does this vary depending on age? 3. What is your favorite type of music or favorite musician? A Chinese musician plays the pipa, a traditional Chinese lute.
ઠነ͌ᅟ ઠነ͌ᅟ OBJECTIVES ®
Request favors and respond to requests for favors
®
Understand Chinese omissions
®
Format email messages
®
Review—passive sentences and conjunctions
470
Lesson 15
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Music – Review
́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ԑ
ԑ
qiú
V.
to beg, seek
2.
വχ
വχ
fVjiàn
V.O.
to send mail
3.
Нχ
Нχ
shYujiàn
V.O.
to receive mail
4.
̺ᖠ
̺ᖠ
zhdtí
N.
subject
5.
ႄળ
ႄળ
cídài
N.
(magnetic) tape
6.
വਚ
വਚ
fVsòng
V.
to dispatch (letters, etc.)
7.
ᒒ൜
ᒒ൜
liánluò
V.
to contact
8.
ܓ
ܓ
què
Adv.
but, yet, however
9.
྄
྄
yù
V.
to meet with
10.
ַЁ
ַЁ
héh`o
V.
to make up (after a fight)
11.
ᇺ
ᇺ
pán
N.
tray, plate, dish
M.W.
(measure word for tray-shaped items, e.g., cassette tapes)
12.
Ꮓࡱጠ Ꮓࡱጠ
lùyXnjX
N.
tape recorder
13.
ൕ
ൕ
ji`o
V.
to twist, entangle
14.
ʨ
ʨ
yònglì
V.O.
to exert one’s strength
15.
̆ф
̆ф
f`n’ér
Adv.
instead, on the contrary
16.
ϣᆺ
ϣᆺ
tóngyàng
Adj.
of the same
Lesson 15
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
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Music – Review
e^cn^c
17.
ᓙ
ᓙ
huán
V.
to return
18.
྇
྇
biàn
Adj.
all over
19.
๒Ё ڱ๒Ёڱ
àihàozha
N.
amateur, enthusiast, fan
20.
ώႅ
ώႅ
guVngdié
N.
compact disc
21.
ഓф
ഓф
rán’ér
Conj.
yet, but, however
22.
၈
၈
gW
N.
song
23.
ї
ї
liúxíng
Adj.
prevalent, popular
24.
ষ
ষ
sYusuc
V.
to search for
25.
ᓊ
ᓊ
gòu
V.
to purchase
26.
˅׳
˅׳
tiazi
N.
a brief note
27.
ᒂ˞
ᒂ˞
zcngzhX
Conj.
in a word, in short, in brief
ਿΊ ਿΊ Proper Nouns igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ᄉ ᄉ
GVo XXnyu`n
N.
(name) Xinyuan Gao
2.
Ꭵ̴
MVowáng
N.
(nickname) Elvis Presley
Ꭵ̴
471
472
Lesson 15
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ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns
ϰߏ̊ʨʟĎႄળ˚ѮԠФ֥͎վĎ ϰߏ̊ʨʟĎႄળ˚ѮԠФ֥͎վĎ YXnwèi tài yònglì le, cídài búdàn méiycu bèi qd chZlai,
̆фᓙӨ൝ᖽʟĄ ̆фᓙӨ൝ᖽʟĄ
f`n’ér hái ràng wc gai lV huài le.
ѱʙࡌסᐓӨڟДҢĕ ѱʙࡌסᐓӨڟДҢĕ Nb yídìng yào bVng wc de máng yV!
˚ഓિ˚ސףࢨቘӨڟĕ ˚ഓિ˚ސףࢨቘӨڟĕ Bùrán C`iyí shì búhuì yuánliàng wc de!
Lesson 15
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ӨӲ˚֗Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎഓфܓ ӨӲ˚֗Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎഓфܓ Wc zh`obudào MVowáng de cídài, rán’ér què
ඵ֗ʟϣᆺࡱڟᇅώႅĄ ඵ֗ʟϣᆺࡱڟᇅώႅĄ
m`i dào le tóngyàng de yXnyuè guVngdié.
ӨѱჳʟեᅄϻĎᒂ˞Ď ӨѱჳʟեᅄϻĎᒂ˞Ď Wc gWn nb shuY le nàme duY, zcngzhX,
ձཌԚʟĄ ձཌԚʟĄ shìqing dYu jiajué le.
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Requesting a Favor ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version വχʡē̜ͬය!! ̺ᖠēቜᐓӨඵႄળ!
Нχʡēᄉ! വਚढē4/21 3:45 p.m.
ᄉē 1. Ё˚࣠)ؾЁ˚࣠*ؾ ݞʴԠФѱᒒ൜ʟĎЁ˚࣠ؾ1 ൝ѱᅸ۬ސܓФձࡌӲѱᐓДĎ˚Ё Ё˚࣠)ؾЁ˚࣠ *ؾis an idiomatic ๎ݦĄӨశ྄ۖ֗ʙχబຮձĎЃَ͟ expression meaning “quite difficult.” “Ё)Ё*” means “quite, very.” ̾ڟབྷĎ˚ቜѱᐓДĔ ʰޑೈĎӨַ˄̄ىિߏףʟʙ ˉჲфҞޜʟĄӨ࢈ࢤࢤ˗ַЁĎ͟ސ୪ϵʬ͎ੰᖠʟĄ ձڟ༄྆ސᆺڟēિףӰʙᇺņᎥ̴Ňڟႄળࢅ൝ӨĎސ ЂశᜍڟʙᇺႄળʟĄ໋ЂӰႄળ൝ӨڟढĎᓙκ̈́Өʙˉࡌס ̖ĎӨʶϩЂ۳ᘌԠੰᖠĄ͟ސӨϵႄળڟढĎӨڟтᏃࡱጠӰႄ ળൕʟĄ໋ӨݨݨДДϴ๑ӰႄળૃᏃࡱጠཇऌ͎վڟढĎʬϰߏ̊ ʨĎႄળ˚ѮԠФ֥͎վĎ̆фӨ൝ᖽʟĄӨ˚ಸӰχձҙ ටિףĎʙ๑֗Ђୋԙԙڟᆺ˅ĎӨ౷˚ཾڣཎݩᅄᎲ˗ЁĄ Ө๑ϔඵʙᇺϣᆺڟႄળᓙ൝ЂĎඵ֗ႄળ̾ݣϔӰχձ ҙටЂĎϩЂཾ၇ĄѮސ֍̈ӨӲ྇ʟӨڟ੦Ď౷ސӲ˚֗ϣ ᆺڟႄળĎؚ̾Ө୪ϵͫЁԑѱᐓДʟĄ ѱ˚ᐓӨϵѱեڟ੦ӲӲĔӔଖӨඵ֗Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎ ˚ഓિ˚ސףࢨቘӨڟҢĕ ̊బຮѱʟĎᓂᓂĕ !
!
̜ය
Continued on page 476
Lesson 15
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Requesting a Favor ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version വχʡē̜ͬය!! ̺ᖠēቜᐓӨඵႄળ!
Нχʡēᄉ! വਚढē4/21 3:45 p.m.
ᄉē ݞʴԠФѱᒒ൜ʟĎЁ˚࣠ؾ1൝ѱ ᅸ۬ސܓФձࡌӲѱᐓДĎ˚Ё๎ݦĄӨ శ྄ۖ֗ʙχబຮձĎЃَ̾͟ڟབྷĎ˚ ቜѱᐓДĔ ʰޑೈĎӨַ˄̄ىિߏףʟʙ ˉჲфҞޜʟĄӨ࢈ࢤࢤ˗ַЁĎ͟ސ୪ ϵʬ͎ੰᖠʟĄ ձڟ༄྆ސᆺڟēિףӰʙᇺņᎥ ̴Ňڟႄળࢅ൝ӨĎސЂశᜍڟʙᇺ ႄળʟĄ໋ЂӰႄળ൝ӨڟढĎᓙκ̈́Ө ʙ̖ˉࡌסĎӨʶϩЂ۳ᘌԠੰᖠĄ͟ސӨ ϵႄળڟढĎӨڟтᏃࡱጠӰႄળൕʟĄ໋ӨݨݨДДϴ๑Ӱႄળ ૃᏃࡱጠཇऌ͎վڟढĎʬϰߏ̊ʨĎႄળ˚ѮԠФ֥͎վĎ̆ фӨ൝ᖽʟĄӨ˚ಸӰχձҙටિףĎʙ๑֗Ђୋԙԙڟᆺ ˅ĎӨ౷˚ཾڣཎݩᅄᎲ˗ЁĄ Ө๑ϔඵʙᇺϣᆺڟႄળᓙ൝ЂĎඵ֗ႄળ̾ݣϔӰχձ ҙටЂĎϩЂཾ၇ĄѮސ֍̈ӨӲ྇ʟӨڟ੦Ď౷ސӲ˚֗ϣ ᆺڟႄળĎؚ̾Ө୪ϵͫЁԑѱᐓДʟĄ ѱ˚ᐓӨϵѱեڟ੦ӲӲĔӔଖӨඵ֗Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎ ˚ഓિ˚ސףࢨቘӨڟҢĕ ̊బຮѱʟĎᓂᓂĕ !
!
̜ය
Continued on page 477
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Requesting a Favor ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અ̒ϛȼɊ̒ࠒ വχʡēᄉ!! ̺ᖠēඵ֗ʟώႅ!
Нχʡē̜ͬය! വਚढē4/25 11:23 p.m.
̜යē 2. വ)˅׳വ*˅׳ ˚ጊ̖ĎӨː༄ඵ֗ѱࡌٍڟљ വ)˅׳വ *˅׳means “to post a message ʟĄӨᓶഓӲ˚֗Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎഓф( ܓon an Internet bulletin board or forum).” In mainland China, വ)വ* is used as a ඵ֗ʟϣᆺࡱڟᇅώႅĄ short form of വਚ)വਚ* (to send) and ӨʙН֗ѱ˅ྫڟාχ౷ۣۖ͞ *˅׳)˅׳is used to mean “a message”; “replying to a post” is expressed ڟ੦ӲĄᓶഓᎥ̴ݞФϪĎѮސᎥ̴ conversely as ϱ)˅׳ϱ*˅׳. In Taiwan, a message ڟ၈ː༄˚࿋̾܉եᅄїʟĎؚ̾Ө is called ॑ऀĎ̜ణ)॑ऀĎ̜ణ* and therefore the corresponding phrases ʙڢӲ˚֗ĄӨʰႩষĎᓙސӲ˚ expressed as വѷ॑ऀ0̜ణ! ֗ĄశݣӨͫЁϵႩʰവʟԑᓊᎥ̴ႄ are )വѷ॑ऀ0̜ణ* (post a message) and ળ˅׳ڟ2Ąˬ̈ʮ˿ӨதػН֗ʟʙ ϱᕭ॑ऀ0̜ణ)ϱಈ॑ऀ0̜ణ* ˅ྫාχĎჳФᎥ̴ڟώႅĄӨ๑ώ (to reply to a post). ႅԁЁĎ౷ᐓѱӰͺඵʮվʟĄ ᒂ˞ĎձཌԚʟĄѱᐖཎݞӤ౷Н֗ώႅʟĄ !
!
ᄉ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Requesting a Favor ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અ̒ϛȼɊʄࠒ വχʡēᄉ!! ̺ᖠēඵ֗ʟώႅ!
Нχʡē̜ͬය! വਚढē4/25 11:23 p.m.
̜යē ˚ጊ̖ĎӨː༄ඵ֗ѱࡌٍڟљʟĄӨᓶഓӲ˚֗Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎ ഓфܓඵ֗ʟϣᆺࡱڟᇅώႅĄ ӨʙН֗ѱ˅ྫڟාχ౷ۣۖ͞ڟ੦ӲĄᓶഓᎥ̴ݞФϪĎѮސ Ꭵ̴ڟ၈ː༄˚࿋̾܉եᅄїʟĎؚ̾ӨʙڢӲ˚֗ĄӨʰႩষĎ ᓙސӲ˚֗ĄశݣӨͫЁϵႩʰവʟԑᓊᎥ̴ႄળ˅׳ڟ2Ąˬ̈ʮ˿ ӨதػН֗ʟʙ˅ྫාχĎჳФᎥ̴ڟώႅĄӨ๑ώႅԁЁĎ౷ᐓѱ ӰͺඵʮվʟĄ ᒂ˞ĎձཌԚʟĄѱᐖཎݞӤ౷Н֗ώႅʟĄ !
!
ᄉ
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR Review of the main grammar points from Lesson 11 to Lesson 14.
I. Review: Passive Sentences ৽̏ ৽̏ (See Lesson 11 for more details) There are two types of passive sense sentences that commonly occur: (1) unmarked in structure, called “notional passive sense”; and (2) marked in structure with , ͩ, or )*. The second type, the marked passive sense construction, can be summarized as follows: Object (receiver of action)
Examples:
)* Subject (doer) )൝* \)൝*^ V. other elements ͩ)ͩ* !൝)൝* )* !൝)൝*
Өڟ፤ӚӚϬӇʟĄ Өڟ፤ӚӚϬӇʟĄ ڟההјאאͩو൝ऌՖʟĄ ڟההјאאͩو൝ऌՖʟĄ ͂ڟՙ˅͂˄̄ى൝ᆡᖽʟĄ ͂ڟՙ˅͂˄̄ى൝ᆡᖽʟĄ
>> Try
it! With a partner, use , ̉, or ᜑ ᜑ to describe some unhappy situations. For example,
! !
V:! ѱ݉̄Ё࿋ݞΡॉĕ ! ѱ݉̄Ё࿋ݞΡॉĕ
! !
W:! ސ੭ĕӨ݉̄ྫڟ༞͂˄̄ىऌՖʟĄ ! ސ੭ĕӨ݉̄ྫڟ༞͂˄̄ىऌՖʟĄ
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II. Review: Conjunctions (1) டീ டീ (See Lessons 12 and 14 for more details) Conjunctions
ϰߏ//////ؚ̾ ϰߏ//////ؚ̾ because . . . therefore
)Υ*ػ//////ϰЪĒ )Υ*ػ//////ϰЪĒ ސΥސ)ػΥ*ػ Υ)ػΥ*ػ
Features
Examples
Connects cause-andeffect elements UÊ ૃф)ૃф* indicates the result or further action of the first clause (See Lesson 12)
ձඹվඹᑸĎӨཌԚ˚ʟʟĎ ձඹվඹᑸĎӨཌԚ˚ʟʟĎ ͫЁԑѱᐓДʟĄ ͫЁԑѱᐓДʟĄ ˉ̴྆ [tYngguò] (through)ϣደ ࢈ڟᐓ҅ૃфऌ֗ʟЁЙᑼ
due to, because of
[chéngjì] (grade)Ą
ߏʟ)ߏʟ*
ˉ̴྆ϣደ࢈ڟᐓ҅ૃфऌ ֗ʟЁЙᑼĄ
due to, because of
ͫЁ)ͫЁ* (result) have to
ૃф)ૃф* therefore
ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎ պĎ࠷*//////౷ ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎ պĎ࠷*//////౷
Connects conditional elements (See Lesson 12)
ࡌސѱ࢈˚ᐓДĎ ࡌސѱ࢈˚ᐓДĎ
if . . . then
ձ౷ԁᑸʟĄ ձ౷ԁᑸʟĄ
˚ഓĎҏ܌ ˚ഓĎҏ܌
ѱ࢈ʙࡌסᐓДĎ ѱ࢈ʙࡌסᐓДĎ
otherwise, or
˚ഓ0ҏ܌ձԁᑸĄ ˚ഓ0ҏ܌ձԁᑸĄ
ͫФ//////˗ ͫФ//////˗ only if
ͫࡌ//////౷ ͫࡌ//////౷ as long as . . . (then)
ԠФ//////౷ԠФ ԠФ//////౷ԠФ if without . . . then it will be without . . .
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Conjunctions
Features
Connects “parallel” elements both . . . and; as well as (See Lesson 14)
ދ//////ʬ)ʶĎ̸* ދ//////ʬ)ʶĎ̸*
ʶ//////ʶĒʬ//////ʬ ʶ//////ʶĒʬ//////ʬ
Examples
͂ދჳ˛̜Ďʬ੮၈Ą ͂ދჳ˛̜Ďʬ੮၈Ą Ђϵଏʰʬ੮၈ʬĄ Ђϵଏʰʬ੮၈ʬĄ Ђ˚Ѯၔ۫Ďф̸͟ݞ๒Ą Ђ˚Ѯၔ۫Ďф̸͟ݞ๒Ą
both . . . and; not only . . . but also
˚Ѯ//////ф̸ ˚Ѯ//////ф̸ not only . . . but also
ծ̸Ďф̸ĎЪʹ ծ̸Ďф̸ĎЪʹ and, besides, moreover
ַ00Ⴤ0̾̅ ַ00Ⴤ0̾̅
ծ̸)ծ̸*, ф̸! )ф̸*, and Ъʹ! )Ъʹ* occur in the
͂ဇʡݞЁĎЪʹ͂ᓙલલ ͂ဇʡݞЁĎЪʹ͂ᓙલલ
second clause to provide further information related to the first clause UÊ Ъʹ)Ъʹ* is used more in writing
ᐓ҅ѿʡĄ ᐓ҅ѿʡĄ
And/with: connects two noun phrases. UÊ Ⴤ)Ⴤ* is used more in writing UÊ ̾̅)̾̅* is more formal than ַ)ַ*, and is usually used to connect a list of items
тַࣱϣደ࢈ϵʰĄ тַࣱϣደ࢈ϵʰĄ ӨӨ݉̄ደ˛̜Ą ӨӨ݉̄ደ˛̜Ą ჭٲჄၕЅݞᘲĄ ჭٲჄၕЅݞᘲĄ ೬٨ďΈ୨ďවԏ̾̅డ ೬٨ďΈ୨ďවԏ̾̅డ ͂ސᜍོڟĄ ͂ސᜍོڟĄ
Lesson 15
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Examples
“But”: connects two words or clauses with opposite meanings
̟ܒː༄ݞַĎф͕̟ᓙϵ ̟ܒː༄ݞַĎф͕̟ᓙϵ
“And”: the second word or clause provides additional meaning to the first word or clause
ኄՙවુӤфᗧ [wan] (stable)Ą ኄՙවુӤфᗧĄ
“Therefore”: the following word or clause is a result of the first
͂ߏʟʰደ̟ۯфࣜʟĄ ͂ߏʟʰደ̟ۯфࣜʟĄ
Connects “concession/ yield” elements UÊ ഓф)ഓф* is used more in writing
ᓶഓЂࠛݞĎဇӨʶ˚ᎿĎ ᓶഓЂࠛݞĎဇӨʶ˚ᎿĎ
*ܓ)ܓbut, yet,
*ܓ)ܓis an
however
(conjunctive) adverb which occurs after a subject and before a verb phrase
ЂࠛݞĎဇѱʶ˚ᎿĎ ЂࠛݞĎဇѱʶ˚ᎿĎ
ф)ф* but, and, therefore. There are various semantic relations between the phrases or clauses which ф)ф* connects
ᓶഓ//////Ѯސ0! ͟ސ0˚྆0ഓф ᓶഓ//////Ѯސ0! ͟ސ0˚྆0ഓф although . . . (but)
*ڱؖ)ڱؖ ᓙ)ސᓙ*ސ or
ࡌᅄ//////ࡌᅄ ࡌᅄ//////ࡌᅄ either . . . or
˚ސ//////౷ސ ˚ސ//////౷ސ either . . . or
Connects “alternative choices” elements UÊ *ڱؖ)ڱؖis used in statements, while ᓙ)ސᓙ *ސis used in questions UÊ ࡌᅄ//////ࡌᅄ!
)ࡌᅄ//////ࡌᅄ* is used more in speech than
˚ސ//////౷!ސ )˚ސ//////౷*ސ
ʮ˃డĄ ʮ˃డĄ
͟ސӨᓙ˚ސᜍЂĄ ͟ސӨᓙ˚ސᜍЂĄ
ѱ˚ܓᜍЂĄ ѱ˚ܓᜍЂĄ Ө๑͞˛̠ڱؖΏडїĄ Ө๑͞˛̠ڱؖΏडїĄ ѱࡌࠔ৯ᓙࡌސႦ৯Ĕ ѱࡌࠔ৯ᓙࡌސႦ৯Ĕ ӨࡌᅄˬБࡌᅄقБ͞˛Ą ӨࡌᅄˬБࡌᅄقБ͞˛Ą Ө˚ˬސБ౷قސБ͞˛Ą Ө˚ˬސБ౷قސБ͞˛Ą
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Conjunctions
˚Ѯ//////̆ф ˚Ѯ//////̆ф not only . . . but even (on the contrary)
ᒂ˞ĎᒂфՐ˞ ᒂ˞ĎᒂфՐ˞ in a word, in short, in brief
>> Try
! !
Features
Examples
Emphasizes that what follows ˚Ѯ)˚Ѯ* is unexpected or contrary to logic, and what follows ̆ф)̆ф* is even more so
ѱᐓ҅͂եᅄϻĄ͂˚ѮԠ ѱᐓ҅͂եᅄϻĄ͂˚ѮԠ
UÊ ÕÃi`ÊÌÊÌÀ`ÕViÊ>Ê summary UÊ ᒂ˞)ᒂ˞* is the abbreviation of ᒂф
ӨѱჳʟեᅄϻĎᒂ˞Ď ӨѱჳʟեᅄϻĎᒂ˞Ď
Ր˞)ᒂфՐ˞*
๐ᓂѱĎ̆фᓙࡌࣛѱĄ ๐ᓂѱĎ̆фᓙࡌࣛѱĄ
You helped him so much. (But) not only did he not express his appreciation, but (on the contrary) he is (still) out to get you.
ձཌԚʟĄ ձཌԚʟĄ
it! With a partner make several sentences with conjunctions. For example,
͂ސЁደΡĎЪʹ͂ᓙલલᐓ҅ѿʡĄ ͂ސЁደΡĎЪʹ͂ᓙલલᐓ҅ѿʡĄ
III. Omissions in Chinese Omissions are common in Chinese sentences. When the context is clear and the information is shared between the speaker and the listener(s), some grammatical elements may be omitted in the sentence (e.g., subject, object, or conjunction), especially in speech. Below are some examples of this phenomenon. 1. When talking about the weather:
! ʮۦʟĄ ! ʮۦʟĄ It’s raining.
! ʮడʟĄ ! ʮడʟĄ ! It’s snowing.
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2. In answer to questions:
V: ѱϬʟฝĔ ѱϬʟฝĔ W: ϬʟĄ ϬʟĄ V: ѱ๑˚๑Ϭ˛Ĕ ѱ๑˚๑Ϭ˛Ĕ W: ๑Ą ! ! ๑Ą (The subject
Ө is omitted)
3. When the meaning is clear from shared context:
ˉߡӰؘНރЁĎ)Ђ*͎۞डїʟĄ ˉߡӰؘНރЁĎ)Ђ*͎۞डїʟĄ (The subject Ђ is omitted) ڍڍ൝אאඵʟʙନགྷ˅Ąࠎאאʰ)གྷ˅*̾ݣၔ۫ʟĄ ڍڍ൝אאඵʟʙନགྷ˅Ąࠎאאʰ)གྷ˅*̾ݣၔ۫ʟĄ (The object གྷ˅ is omitted) ܉ढ)Υ*ػӨڟуཐݞϻĎτऀ˚ઊĎ)*ؚ̾Ө๐܃ʟĄ ܉ढ)Υ*ػӨڟуཐݞϻĎτऀ˚ઊĎ)*ؚ̾Ө๐܃ʟĄ (The conjunctions Υ ػand ؚ̾are omitted) >> Try
it! With a partner compose several sentences with omissions (e.g., omissions of the subject, object, or conjunction). For example,
͂Ӱ͂శᜍڟႄળࢅ൝ʟӨĎ)͂*ᓙ५ѿκ̈́)Ө*Ď)˚Ѯ*ࡌЁЁ ϴĎ)ф̸*ࡌ̖ˉݞĄ ͂Ӱ͂శᜍڟႄળࢅ൝ʟӨĎ)͂*ᓙ५ѿκ̈́)Ө*Ď)˚Ѯ*ࡌЁЁ ϴĎ)ф̸*ࡌ̖ˉݞĄ
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
Thanks So Much for Your Help! ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
)ᄉᐓ̜යඵ֗ʟᎥ̴ڟώႅ̾ڟݣʭ̈Ď͂࢈ϵႩʰڟMSNʰ ྄֗ʟĎ̜යϩ͂๐ᓂĄ* ̜යē!ᄉĎ̊ސᓂᓂѱʟĕϻᒫѱᐓДĎ˚ഓӨʙסિף ൝ሪЫĄ ᄉē!˚݊ॉĎݞ፹ЩᐓʰѱڟДĄિސףྀ୩ڟ ʡĎϰЪӨߺ۬Ђʙס୩ཌႄળൕڟձĄ ̜යē!ސ੭ĕ̈ޒଏʰӨӰિ͎࠘ףվʟĎӰձڟ༄྆ҙටЂĎ ᓙӰѱᐓӨඵڟώႅκ൝ЂʟĄᓶഓЂזФᔈΡॉĎѮސ శݣᓙࢨސቘӨʟĄЩϻᒫѱᐓДĎ˚ഓձ౷ԁᑸ ʟĄ ᄉē!Ԡ˧ᅄĎ˚ᓂ੨Ą ̜යē!ЁʟĎӨુՖʟĎϔՎĄ
Notes:
ߺ۬)ߺ۬* [xiVngxìn]: to believe ୩ཌ)୩ཌ* [lbjia]: to understand ࠘)࠘* [yuW]: to make an appointment κ)κ* [jiVo]: to submit, deliver
Lesson 15
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
Thanks So Much for Your Help! ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
)ᄉᐓ̜යඵ֗ʟᎥ̴ڟώႅ̾ڟݣʭ̈Ď͂࢈ϵႩʰڟMSNʰ ྄֗ʟĎ̜යϩ͂๐ᓂĄ* ̜යē!ᄉĎ̊ސᓂᓂѱʟĕϻᒫѱᐓДĎ˚ഓӨʙסિף ൝ሪЫĄ ᄉē!˚݊ॉĎݞ፹ЩᐓʰѱڟДĄિސףྀ୩ڟ ʡĎϰЪӨߺ۬Ђʙס୩ཌႄળൕڟձĄ ̜යē!ސ੭ĕ̈ޒଏʰӨӰિ͎࠘ףվʟĎӰձڟ༄྆ҙටЂĎ ᓙӰѱᐓӨඵڟώႅκ൝ЂʟĄᓶഓЂזФᔈΡॉĎѮސ శݣᓙࢨސቘӨʟĄЩϻᒫѱᐓДĎ˚ഓձ౷ԁᑸ ʟĄ ᄉē!Ԡ˧ᅄĎ˚ᓂ੨Ą ̜යē!ЁʟĎӨુՖʟĎϔՎĄ Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
̜යߏ˧ᅄࡌᓂᓂᄉĔ ̜යߏ˧ᅄࡌᓂᓂᄉĔ
2.
િףΡॉʟฝĔ િףΡॉʟฝĔ
3.
િࢨףቘ̜යʟฝĔߏ˧ᅄĔ િࢨףቘ̜යʟฝĔߏ˧ᅄĔ
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY əϠӐ əϠӐ [wángyáng biláo] Meaning: To mend the stall after a sheep is lost. Usage: It implies taking a precaution after suffering a loss: it is never too late. Example:
ቜѱᐓᐓДĎᐓӨ๑๑ᎲٲĎ!ņʹрངŇĎ୪ϵᐖཎᓙվુ ̅ང૿ڟĄ ቜѱᐓᐓДĎᐓӨ๑๑ᎲٲĎ!ņʹрངŇĎ୪ϵᐖཎᓙվુ ̅ང૿ڟĄ
Pay attention to the usages of passive voice, conjunctions, pivotal constructions, and interjections.
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* Фʙཻ̉͂ФݞϻрĄФʙ̈Ď͂ڟʙኑڟ͂֗רрক ʟʙڟ˃ݞĎ౷ݚᚊ͂ངрĎჳē!ņѱశЁӰрངʙʮĎ˚ ഓрސ६Ϭ૬ڟĄŇ͟ސեʡ˚ܓኑڟרབྷĎԠФ͞ངр Ąൖَ྆ʟ֍̈Ďཻ̉ڟр̍ʟʙਹĄ ढĎեኑרʬվҙට͂ᐖཎངрĄ͂˚Ѯ˚ኑڟרབྷĎ ̆фᓙჳē!ņܙҢĎр˗̍ʟʙਹĎང˧ᅄр࿘Ĕ!Ň ʠ̈ĎʬФʙਹр६ϬʟĄཻ̉˗ᚈુЃَ͂ᓙ˚Ӥᔈ ӰрངЁĎр౷६ʙਹʙਹϴϬӇĄؚ̾Ď͂ʰӰр ЁĄૃե̾ݣĎр౷˚ϔ̍ʟĄ ވձҙටӨ࢈Ďവ୪Ꮏჲ̾ݣĎЃَ̅ढང૿౷̾͟ᓗѻവ Ρԁ˃ڟᎿჲĄ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* Фʙཻ̉͂ФݞϻрĄФʙ̈Ď͂ڟʙኑڟ͂֗רрক ʟʙڟ˃ݞĎ౷ݚᚊ͂ངрĎჳē!ņѱశЁӰрངʙʮĎ˚ ഓрސ६Ϭ૬ڟĄŇ͟ސեʡ˚ܓኑڟרབྷĎԠФ͞ངр Ąൖَ྆ʟ֍̈Ďཻ̉ڟр̍ʟʙਹĄ ढĎեኑרʬվҙට͂ᐖཎངрĄ͂˚Ѯ˚ኑڟרབྷĎ ̆фᓙჳē!ņܙҢĎр˗̍ʟʙਹĎང˧ᅄр࿘Ĕ!Ň ʠ̈ĎʬФʙਹр६ϬʟĄཻ̉˗ᚈુЃَ͂ᓙ˚Ӥᔈ ӰрངЁĎр౷६ʙਹʙਹϴϬӇĄؚ̾Ď͂ʰӰр ЁĄૃե̾ݣĎр౷˚ϔ̍ʟĄ ވձҙටӨ࢈Ďവ୪Ꮏჲ̾ݣĎЃَ̅ढང૿౷̾͟ᓗѻവ Ρԁ˃ڟᎿჲĄ Notes:
ཻ̉)ཻ̉* [nóngfZ]: peasant, farmer ኑ)רኑ[ *רlínjZ]: neighbor р)р* [yángjuàn]: sheep’s stall )* [dòng]: hole ང)ང* [bd]: to mend, repair ६)६* [láng]: wolf Ϭ૬)Ϭ૬* [chXdiào]: eat up
വ୪)വ୪* [fVxiàn]: to discover Ꮏჲ)Ꮏჲ* [cuòwù]: mistake ̅ढ)̅ढ* [jíshí]: in time ང૿)ང૿* [bdjiù]: to correct a fault or deficiency
ᓗѻ)ᓗѻ* [bìmi`n]: to avoid വΡ)വΡ*![fVshWng]: to happen
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēpassive voice, conjunctions, pivotal constructions, and interjections and omissions.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēpassive voice, conjunctions, pivotal constructions, and interjections and omissions.
ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņʹрངŇވڟձĄ ! ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņʹрངŇވڟձĄ 2.
ቜņʹрངŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņʹрངŇڟս˅Ą ! ቜņʹрངŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņʹрངŇڟս˅Ą 3.
4.ņʹрངŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
! ņʹрངŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
488
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ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 15-1 In the blanks provided, write the Pinyin, with tones, for the words you hear. Then check them with your partner. 1.
ˉԃ _____ ϣደө [chVo] (to copy) ˛̜ѰĎ_____ тࣱവ୪ʟĎ֍ ʡ͒ڟુʟྭ˷Ďᓙ _____ тࣱ _____ ӳඟ [pXpíng] (to criticize) ʟʙླĄ ˉԃ _____ ϣደө˛̜ѰĎ_____ тࣱവ୪ʟĎ֍ʡ͒ڟ ુʟྭ˷Ďᓙ _____ тࣱ _____ ӳඟʟʙླĄ ʰฬՙĎ_____ _____ ઼ԠᄂʰॲጠĄ _____ _____ ʰฬՙĎ_____ _____ ઼ԠᄂʰॲጠĄ
2. _____ _____
3.
͂ _____ ˄ڟ̄ىΡ̠ӟʟĎ_____ ˄̄ىሪʟ _____ _____Ą ͂ _____ ˄ڟ̄ىΡ̠ӟʟĎ_____ ˄̄ىሪʟ _____ _____Ą
4.
͂ڟᏀ _____ _____ ʟĎԠᏀඵ˿Ꮱ [wdcVn] (lunch)Ď_____ _____ ኵʟʙ ླĄ ͂ڟᏀ _____ _____ ʟĎԠᏀඵ˿ᏡĎ_____ _____ ኵʟʙླĄ
5.
ѱ୪ϵཾڣʟĄ_____ _____Ďˉ̜൝˄̄ىਚߏސۆʟ _____ Ђ ፹Ą ѱ୪ϵཾڣʟĄ_____ _____Ďˉ̜൝˄̄ىਚߏސۆʟ _____ Ђ ፹Ą
6.
ఋྫᆇ _____ _____ ҵណĎ_____ _____ ʡݞ๐Ą ఋྫᆇ _____ _____ ҵណĎ_____ _____ ʡݞ๐Ą
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15-2 Listen to the story and then answer the questions. Check your answers with a partner. Notes:
ᅋᏀ)ᅋᏀ* [jiàqián]: price Έӷ)Έӷ* [d`zhé]: on sale ͎࣯)͎࣯* [chZchVi]: to be on a business trip ੦)੦* [shVngch`ng]: the mall ͩᎺ)ͩᎺ* [jiàoxbng]: to wake up, awaken Ⴔۜ)Ⴔۜ* [fájXn]: fine [ *ش)شtuY]: to tow ᄂႧ)ᄂႧ* [g`njbn]: hasten വ୪)വ୪* [fVxiàn]: to discover ਐᕀ ਐᕀ t 1.
ᙋᙋʙڢ๑ඵ˧ᅄĔЂඵʟฝĔߏ˧ᅄĔ ᙋᙋʙڢ๑ඵ˧ᅄĔЂඵʟฝĔߏ˧ᅄĔ
2.
ደࡌقᐓᙋᙋੈ˧ᅄĔߏ˧ᅄĔ ደࡌقᐓᙋᙋੈ˧ᅄĔߏ˧ᅄĔ
3.
ˬ̈ደ˧ސقᅄढਔӗڟĔ͂ݩސᅄᎺڟĔ ˬ̈ደ˧ސقᅄढਔӗڟĔ͂ݩސᅄᎺڟĔ
4.
ደقӰՙϵࢺʟĔ ደقӰՙϵࢺʟĔ
5.
ᚌဆੈ˧ᅄʟĔደݩقᅄᎲĔ ᚌဆੈ˧ᅄʟĔደݩقᅄᎲĔ
6.
ደقඵ֗ᙋᙋࡌٍڟљʟฝĔߏ˧ᅄĔ ደقඵ֗ᙋᙋࡌٍڟљʟฝĔߏ˧ᅄĔ
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II. Character Exercises 15-3 Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
ႄ ႄ
ܓ ܓ
ႄળ ႄળ
͂ࢨ˚ܓቘӨ ͂ࢨ˚ܓቘӨ
Ӱႄળൕʟ Ӱႄળൕʟ
͟ࢨ˚ܓ͂ސቘӨ ͟ࢨ˚ܓ͂ސቘӨ
тᏃࡱጠӰႄળൕʟ тᏃࡱጠӰႄળൕʟ
Ө͂ཾ၇ʟĎ͟ࢨ˚ܓ͂ސቘӨĄ Ө͂ཾ၇ʟĎ͟ࢨ˚ܓ͂ސቘӨĄ
ӨڟтᏃࡱጠӰႄળൕʟĄ Өː༄͂ཾ၇ʟĎ͟ࢨ˚ܓ͂ސ ӨڟтᏃࡱጠӰႄળൕʟĄ ቘӨĄ Өː༄͂ཾ၇ʟĎ͟ࢨ˚ܓ͂ސ ቘӨĄ !
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
ԑ ԑ
2.
ᒒ ᒒ
3.
ൕ ൕ
4.
ʨ ʨ
5.
̆ ̆
6.
ႅ ႅ
7.
Ꮓ Ꮓ
8.
྄ ྄
9.
྇ ྇
10.
ᓊ ᓊ
15-4 Form groups and create phrases with the following words (pay attention to the various usages of each word). Example:
1.
ϰēϰߏĎϰЪ ϰēϰߏĎϰЪ
ē______________________________________________ ē______________________________________________
Lesson 15
2.
۳ē______________________________________________ ۳ē______________________________________________
3.
വē!______________________________________________ വē______________________________________________
4.
ഓē______________________________________________ ഓē______________________________________________
5.
̖ē______________________________________________ ̖ē!______________________________________________
6.
ಈē______________________________________________ ಈē!______________________________________________
7.
ጠē______________________________________________ ጠē______________________________________________
8.
྆ē______________________________________________ ྆ē______________________________________________
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Music – Review
III. Grammar Exercises 15-5 With your partner read the story, then complete the exercises that follow. Notes:
྆ೈ)྆ೈ* [guòqX]: to be overdue Ⴔೡ)Ⴔೡ* [fáku`n]: to impose a fine or penalty [ *ˎފ)ˎފshXgYng]: construction [ *ݷ)ݷwV]: to dig Ҭ)Ҭ* [kWng]: hole ᆿ)ᆿ* [biVojì]: sign, symbol ૬)૬* [diào]: to fall ֧ฌ)֧ฌ* [shòushVng]: to be injured ࢤЁ)ࢤЁ* [gVngh`o]: happened to; it so happened that ̖ঃ)̖ঃ* [xXnténg]: to be distressed ോ)ോ* [bb]: (measure word for amount of money) ቫೡ)ቫೡ* [péiku`n]: indemnity
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)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ˉૃقपᏢࢅʟʙΏपĎ̈ق౷ࡌ྆ೈʟĎ_____ _____ (if) ᓙ ଏʟ౷ࡌႴೡʪ˯Ąː༄ސଏʰʪᔈʟĎ_____ _____ (but) ˉقᓙࡌ ᖩьїՙݨݨДДϴ͞ᓙपĄ ደमपᏢ܉ᘞཾڟΓϵˎފĎݷʟʙҬĄ_____ _____ (because) ̈̊ฃĎ_____ _____ (also) Ҭ܉ڟᘞʶԠФᆿĎ_____ _____ (thus) ˉقԠФ֗ҬĎ˚ˉ̖૬ҬཇĎ֧ฌʟĄ ϣደˉ̴ࢤЁૃपᏢ͎վĎ֗ˉقʰФݞϻіĎᐃЫ ʟĄʰӰ͂ਚᖂĎᓙЁԠФ˧ᅄ˃ձĄˉ̄ى˄ڟقჳʟ ۨલ̖ঃĎୋᅞ੨ᅞ੨ϴʟʮվĄ ደम˚ݣ̾ཾڣѮཾ၇ʟĎ_____ _____ (besides) ᓙϵҬ܉ڟᘞع ʟʙ˃ᆿĄ_____ _____ (although) ˉڟقपᓙଏʟĎ_____ _____ (but) ͂ _____ _____ (not only) ˚ႴೡĎ_____ _____ (but also) ᓙુ֗ʟʙോ ቫೡĎ_____ _____ (therefore) ඵʟʙኄьїՙĄ
)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ˉૃقपᏢࢅʟʙΏपĎ̈ق౷ࡌ྆ೈʟĎ_____ _____ (if) ᓙ ଏʟ౷ࡌႴೡʪ˯Ąː༄ސଏʰʪᔈʟĎ_____ _____ (but) ˉقᓙࡌ ᖩьїՙݨݨДДϴ͞ᓙपĄ
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ደमपᏢ܉ᘞཾڟΓϵˎފĎݷʟʙҬĄ_____ _____ (because) ̈̊ฃĎ_____ _____ (also) Ҭ܉ڟᘞʶԠФᆿĎ_____ _____ (thus) ˉقԠФ֗ҬĎ˚ˉ̖૬ҬཇĎ֧ฌʟĄ ϣደˉ̴ࢤЁૃपᏢ͎վĎ֗ˉقʰФݞϻіĎᐃЫ ʟĄʰӰ͂ਚᖂĎᓙЁԠФ˧ᅄ˃ձĄˉ̄ى˄ڟقჳʟ ۨલ̖ঃĎୋᅞ੨ᅞ੨ϴʟʮվĄ ደम˚ݣ̾ཾڣѮཾ၇ʟĎ_____ _____ (besides) ᓙϵҬ܉ڟᘞع ʟʙ˃ᆿĄ_____ _____ (although) ˉڟقपᓙଏʟĎ_____ _____ (but) ͂ _____ _____ (not only) ˚ႴೡĎ_____ _____ (but also) ᓙુ֗ʟʙോ ቫೡĎ_____ _____ (therefore) ඵʟʙኄьїՙĄ 1. With the help of the English clues, fill in the blanks with the appropriate Chinese conjunction words. 2. Form groups to take turns retelling the story in your own words. 3. Circle the markers of passive sentences. 4. Point out the places where the subject or object have been omitted in the story.
IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ܡટညፅ ܡટညፅ Saving Pandas
ᒅЅē
૿ށၪᎥ ϵ80Б̈́ĎФ30ਹˉၪᎥവ୪ढĎϰഒΔ᎑ϵᘞĎؚ̾ ʡ࢈ૃఏʹળϱኴĄѮࠋސደࣜവ୪ĎΔၪᎥʹ͎ࡵढĎ ༄લӰˉၪᎥጿॼʮĎˉؚ໋̾ၪᎥጿവ୪ढĎ˚ᐖ ઠ֏ળϱኴĄ
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ᕏЅē
૿ށၪᎥ ϵ80Б̈́ĎФ30ਹˉၪᎥവ୪ढĎϰഒΔ᎑ϵᘞĎؚ̾ ʡ࢈ૃఏʹળϱኴĄѮࠋސደࣜവ୪ĎΔၪᎥʹ͎ࡵढĎ ༄લӰˉၪᎥጿॼʮĎˉؚ໋̾ၪᎥጿവ୪ढĎ˚ᐖ ઠ֏ળϱኴĄ
Notes:
[ *૿ށ)૿ށzhangjiù]: to save, rescue ၪᎥ)ၪᎥ* [xióngmVo]: panda Б̈́)Б̈́* [niándài]: a decade വ୪)വ୪* [fVxiàn]: to find, discover Δ᎑)Δ᎑* [mdqXn]: mother ᘞ)ᘞ* [shWnbiVn]: at (or by) one’s side ఏʹ)ఏʹ* [yawài]: open country, field ኴ)ኴ* [juàny`ng]: to nurture (animals) in an enclosure ࠋደࣜ)ࠋደࣜ* [kWxuéjiV]: scientist ʹ͎)ʹ͎* [wàichZ]: to go out ࡵ)ࡵ* [mìshí]: to find food ༄લ)༄લ* [jXngcháng]: constantly, often ጿ)ጿ* [dVndú]: alone, by oneself ॼʮ)ॼʮ* [liúxià]: to remain, leave Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. What characters can you find that are used mainly in writing? What are their spoken counterparts? Example: Δ᎑)Δ᎑*, ኴ)ኴ*, ࡵ)ࡵ*, ༄લ)༄લ*, ֏ 2. Circle the Ӱ and sentences in the text. Identify the objects of the subjects of the sentences. 3. Underline the conjunctions used in the text. 4. Use Chinese to retell the article in your own words.
Ӱ sentences and the
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V. Communicative Activities 15-6
႗ෟБ)႗ෟБ* [suàn rùnnián] (Calculating Leap Years). Your nephew asks you how to calculate leap years. Using , explain to him the rules for calculating leap year listed in the chart below. Then work together to figure out which years are leap years. Form pairs to perform this exercise. Rules for Calculating Leap Years 1. Every year divisible by four is a leap year; 2. with the exception that years divisible by 100 are not leap years; 3. and years divisible by 400 are leap years. Notes:
႗)႗* [suàn]: to calculate ෟБ)ෟБ* [rùnnián]: leap year ळጃ)ळጃ* [gWnjù]: on the basis of, according to )܌[ *܌guXzé]: rule, regulation, regular ጌਸ਼)ጌਸ਼* [zhangchú]: (math.) to be divided with no remainder
ᓶഓ//////Ѯސ//////Ďϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////Ď ͟ސĎфĎഓфĎૃфĎЪʹĎᒂ˞ ᓶഓ//////Ѯސ//////Ďϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////Ď ͟ސĎфĎഓфĎૃфĎЪʹĎᒂ˞ ! !
ͺ࢈ސෟБฝĔߏ˧ᅄĔ ͺ࢈ސෟБฝĔߏ˧ᅄĔ 1996Б
1897Б
1249Б
2001Б
2008Б
894Б
2016Б
)e.g. ळጃ(܌1)Ďϰߏ2000Б4ጌਸ਼Ďؚ̾ͺ͟ސෟБĄഓф! ळጃ(܌2), 2000100ጌਸ਼Ďؚ̾͟ͺʬ˚ސෟБĄశݣळጃ! (܌3), 2000400ጌਸ਼Ďؚ̾ͺᓙސෟБĄᒂ˞ĎӨ࢈శݣ႗͎ վ2000БސෟБĄ* )e.g. ळጃ(܌1)Ďϰߏ2000Б4ጌਸ਼Ďؚ̾ͺ͟ސෟБĄഓф! ळጃ(܌2), 2000100ጌਸ਼Ďؚ̾͟ͺʬ˚ސෟБĄశݣळጃ! (܌3), 2000400ጌਸ਼Ďؚ̾ͺᓙސෟБĄᒂ˞ĎӨ࢈శݣ႗͎ վ2000БސෟБĄ*
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15-7 Form groups to act out the following scene. Identify which clues are important for solving the case. After returning from a business trip you discover that your house has been broken into. Call the police immediately. When the police arrive, describe what has happened and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
A mirror has been broken. A letter has been opened. A document in the computer has been read. Half a cup of water has been drunk. The television has been moved from the living room to the bedroom.
Notes:
!
ΈᖽʟĎΈʟĎ!ᓶഓ//////Ѯސ//////Ďϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////Ď͟ސĎфĎഓфĎ!! ૃфĎЪʹĎᒂ˞
!
ΈᖽʟĎΈʟĎ!ᓶഓ//////Ѯސ//////Ďϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////Ď͟ސĎфĎഓфĎ ૃфĎЪʹĎᒂ˞
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ඨଊˤࠑᅥ ඨଊˤࠑᅥ Traditional and Contemporary Music Traditional Chinese music is and opera, reflected the life and Do you know… as old as Chinese recorded sentiments of ordinary people. s THEDIFFERENT CATEGORIESOF#HINESE civilization, spanning a time Countless folk songs and more TRADITIONALMUSIC period of more than 5,000 years. than 360 kinds of Chinese opera s ANYTRADITIONAL An important part of Chinese were passed down orally from #HINESEMUSICAL INSTRUMENTS culture and even philosophy, it one generation to the next. All of s THETYPESOFMUSIC was believed that music influenced traditional music depended on THATAREPOPULARIN #HINANOWADAYS the harmony of the universe and Chinese traditional instruments, could serve as the best means to several hundred in number, Read and find out! purify thoughts and nurture made of materials ranging from character. Although traditional metal to gourds to bone to even music remains popular today in China, the leaves. contemporary music scene has also been Although traditional music is still influenced by other types of music, including popular in China today, increasingly it is Western classical, jazz, pop, rock, hip hop, Western classical music that enjoys the and heavy metal. greatest following, and in cities a fair Traditional music falls into several number of heavy metal and modern categories—imperial, literati, and folk. avant-garde bands have joined the music Imperial music was performed during ritual scene. Western classical music first gained ceremonies and other important events a footing in China nearly one hundred involving the emperor, as well as for years ago, followed by Western jazz several banquets and recreational outings. Literati decades later. In the post-Mao era of the late music, together with calligraphy, painting, 20th century, Western pop, rock and roll, and poetry, defined the unique culture of the and most recently hip hop, rap, and fusions scholar elite in traditional China. A mastery of Western modern and Chinese traditional of the ത [qín] (a traditional musical music have emerged. Western pop icon instrument), [qí] (chess), प)प* [shZ] Elvis Presley, while unknown in China (calligraphy), and ഫ)ഫ* [huà] (painting) during his heyday, has enjoyed a surge in was a requirement for any highly educated popularity since the official introduction person, and among these four skills the ത, of his music to the mainland in 1991, representing music, was listed first. Folk with “Love Me Tender” his most popular music, including folk songs, “talk-singing,” song. Unlike the Cultural Revolution era, 497
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when anything Western was banned, the current trend toward Western classical music is officially sanctioned and even encouraged by the Chinese government.
Much of this music and many contemporary Chinese musicians and composers were spotlighted during the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.
!#HINESEMUSICIANINTRADITIONALDRESSPLAYSTHEERHU ATWO STRINGEDVIOLIN 7HATARESOMEOTHERCOMMON #HINESEBOWEDSTRINGSINSTRUMENTS
!NALL WOMEN#HINESEROCKBANDPERFORMANCE
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ѱཐ྆തपഫฝĔЃَཐ྆Ď֏˛ѱశᜍࢺʙĔ ѱཐ྆തपഫฝĔЃَཐ྆Ď֏˛ѱశᜍࢺʙĔ Have you ever tried playing the ത [qín] (a traditional musical instrument), [qí] (chess), or Chinese प)प* [shZ] (calligraphy), or ഫ)ഫ* [huà] (painting)? If you have, which one do you like the best?
2.
ѱᆆܷ྆˛ڟจᇅዢฝĔЃَᆆܷ྆Ďቜַϣደ࢈˷մѱ!ڟ ༄ጣĄ ѱᆆܷ྆˛ڟจᇅዢฝĔЃَᆆܷ྆Ďቜַϣደ࢈˷մѱ!ڟ ༄ጣĄ Have you ever played any traditional Chinese instruments? If you have, share your experiences with your classmates.
3.
ѱᜍ˛ڟї၈ฝĔЃَᜍĎѱశᜍࢺࡶ၈ַࢺ၈ޑĔ ѱᜍ˛ڟї၈ฝĔЃَᜍĎѱశᜍࢺࡶ၈ַࢺ၈ޑĔ Do you like Chinese pop music? If so, what is your favorite song and who is your favorite singer?
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መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE ФഒᏎ ФഒᏎ Adventurous but not dangerous
! !
ycu
jXng
wú
xi`n
Ф! Ф!
! !
ഒ! ഒ!
Ꮞ Ꮞ
have
scare
no
risk
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. Have you had any experiences that were adventurous, but not dangerous? If so, share them with your classmates. 2. Can you identify some sports activities that are adventurous, but not dangerous?
Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! ᖚˮ ᖚˮ Art Performance
˛ قwent to China. Walking on the street, he saw a lot of advertisements about a series of art performances. He was eager to find out how to get tickets to these performances. Can you read the Chinese in the advertisement with him and help him find out how to get tickets?
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ᖚ
ᖚʔ̇ ɻ̔ᖚˮo˂ˀo Λᖚoඊࠇe ൴τࠉoͱԷͱo ሒѧЩ˅e ੱᇼϭKWWS ZZZMLQJGLDQ\LVKXFRP݅e
Notes:
ᗺ)ᗺ* [yìshù]: art ။͎)။͎* [y`nchZ]: performance ˛ʹ)˛ʹ* [ZhYngwài]: China and foreign countries )* [ch`ng]: (measure word for performance) ༄)༄* [jXngdi`n]: classics ෪ࡧ)෪ࡧ* [lóngzhòng]: grand ഴ)ഴ* [dWngch`ng]: come on stage ු)ු* [liàng]: quantity Фࡩ)Фࡩ* [ycuxiàn]: limited ҉̥)҉̥* [jí zhb]: immediately stop ཏ)ཏ* [xiángqíng]: detailed information ޥཚ)ޥཚ* [cháxún]: to inquire about ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ղ။͎ͧ˴ࣜࢺސᎲڟĔސʙࣜ˧ᅄ˴ͧĔ ղ။͎ͧ˴ࣜࢺސᎲڟĔސʙࣜ˧ᅄ˴ͧĔ
What company organized these performances? What kind of company is it? 2. Translate the following sentences: (1) 50ϻ༄ᗺĎ෪ࡧഴĄ 50ϻ༄ᗺĎ෪ࡧഴĄ (2)
உුФࡩĎϑ֗ϑુĎቲӇ҉̥Ą உුФࡩĎϑ֗ϑુĎቲӇ҉̥Ą
3. What are the spoken forms of these words?
҉Ď̥Ďэ 4. Use your own words in Chinese to explain the advertisement.
Ɋʒᇾ Ɋʒᇾ L E S S O N
ၤ۪ࡨ ၤ۪ࡨ
Etiquette and Manners
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. How do people in your country respond to compliments? 2. How do these responses differ in your culture compared to Chinese culture?
A statue of Confucius, one of China’s leading philosophers and teacher of ethics.
ઠነ͌ᅟ ઠነ͌ᅟ OBJECTIVES ®
Give and reply to compliments
®
Say goodbye to guests and hosts in an appropriate manner
®
Use emphasis in conversations
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́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ۨ//////˚͟ ۨ//////˚͟
fWi . . . bùka
2.
Б
Б
niánjí
N.
grade
3.
Б
Б
w`ngnián
N.
(in) former years
4.
ර
ර
chèn
Prep.
avail oneself of
5.
ͣዝ
ͣዝ
dXngdVng
6.
۞ྛ
۞ྛ
ménlíng
N.
doorbell
7.
ᛪ
ᛪ
xi`ng
V.
to make a sound, ring
8.
ಪਔ
ಪਔ
tíqb
V.
to mention
9.
͒
͒
yònggYng
Adj.
hard-working, studious
10.
ʰ
ʰ
shàngjìn
Adj.
to aspire to improve
11.
Й౷๐
Й౷๐
chéngjiùg`n
N.
sense of achievement
12.
͓ނ
͓ނ
bVokuò
V.
to include, comprise
13.
ݟʡ̶
ݟʡ̶
dàirénchdshì
14.
ཾ୩
ཾ୩
dàolb
N.
principle, argument
15.
ᙘප
ᙘප
b`oguì
Adj.
precious
16.
ᐗձ
ᐗձ
dcngshì
Adj.
intelligent, sensible
17.
໋
໋
dàng
V.
to regard as, treat as
18.
ਝτ
ਝτ
tuìxiZ
V.
to retire
19.
ೈݟ
ೈݟ
qXdài
V.
to expect, await
have to, must
onomatopoeia, e.g., jingle (of a bell)
the way one acts with others and conducts oneself in public
Lesson 16
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
®
Etiquette and Manners
e^cn^c
20.
̩ോ
̩ോ
máobb
N.
calligraphy brush
21.
փو
փو
pèifú
V.
to admire
22.
ደੰ
ደੰ
xuéwèn
N.
knowledge, scholarship
23.
ᐗ
ᐗ
dcng
V.
to understand, grasp
24.
प
प
jiVoshZ
V.O.
to teach
25.
ᅆ
ᅆ
kànqí
V.
to keep up with, emulate
26.
ᙷᛉ
ᙷᛉ
jìxù
V.
to continue
27.
dú
V.
to read, attend school
28.
༄ᐼደ
༄ᐼደ
jXngjìxué
N.
economics
29.
ႈˁ
ႈˁ
shuòshì
N.
master
30.
jiàoshòu
N.
professor
31.
ઠվ
ઠվ
jiVnglái
N.
future
32.
܉ఊഒු
܉ఊഒු
qiántúwúliàng
33.
྆ᇩ
྆ᇩ
guòji`ng
V.
to give undeserved compliment
34.
ᒿ
ᒿ
ji`ng
V.
to talk
35.
༄
༄
jXngyàn
N.
experience
36.
ؚደڟ
ؚደڟ
sucxuéde
N.
what has been learned
37.
ᐖ
ᐖ
yìngyòng
V.
to apply
N.
application
great expectations
38.
Ⴉ൜
Ⴉ൜
w`ngluò
N.
Internet, network
39.
ፑማ
ፑማ
móliàn
V.
to temper oneself
40.
Ԛ̖
Ԛ̖
juéxXn
V.
to be determined to
N.
determination, resolution
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igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
41.
ബ
ബ
fVn
M.W.
(measure word for cause)
42.
ձ
ձ
shìyè
N.
cause, undertaking, enterprise
43.
̾//////ߏး ̾//////ߏး
yb . . . wéiróng
44.
͑ٶ
͑ٶ
jiVyóu
V.O.
to make an extra effort, “Go! Go!”
45.
Έᔙ
Έᔙ
d`r`o
V.
to disturb
to be proud of
ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns
V:! тࣱĎ˚႓ݩᅄДĎӨ࢈ۨ྆վૌ˚͟Ą ! тࣱĎ˚႓ݩᅄДĎӨ࢈ۨ྆վૌ˚͟Ą
L`oshX, bùgu`n zanme máng, wcmen fWi guòlái kàn nín bùka.
W:! ѱ࢈ղ݆˅࢈ݞᐗձĎ ! ѱ࢈ղ݆˅࢈ݞᐗձĎ Nbmen zhèxiW háizimen dYu han dcngshì,
! ˚˚Ө๐Ą ! ˚˚Ө๐Ą
bùnéngbú ràng wc g`ndòng.
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V:! тࣱݞސᜍᅸपٲฝĔ ! тࣱݞސᜍᅸपٲฝĔ L`oshX shì han xbhuVn xia shZf` ma?
W:! ސĎ໋͂ऌൿ̩ോᅸपڟٲढĎ ! ސĎ໋͂ऌr̩ോᅸपڟٲढĎ Shì, dVng tV ná zhe máobb xia shZf` de shíhou,
! ટ̖ુӟʟϬĄ ! ટ̖ુӟʟϬĄ
huì zhuVnxXn de lián fàn dYu wàng le chX.
V:! ѱ୳̾ݣΈ႗ࡌੈ˧ᅄĔ ! ѱ୳̾ݣΈ႗ࡌੈ˧ᅄĔ Nb bìyè ybhòu d`suàn yào zuò shénme?
W:! ӨࡌʰࠂՀΡᙷᛉደĄ
! ӨࡌʰࠂՀΡᙷᛉደĄ
Wc yào shàng yánjiZshWngyuàn jìxù xuéxí.
V:! ݞ፹ѱ࢈վӨĄቜယՖĕ ! ݞ፹ѱ࢈վӨĄቜယՖĕ
Han gVoxìng nbmen lái kàn wc. Qbng màn zcu!
W:! ૌϻ۳ࡧĕቜॼԏĄϔՎĕ ! ૌϻ۳ࡧĕቜॼԏĄϔՎĕ
Nín duY b`ozhòng! Qbng liúbù. Zàijiàn!
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Visiting Teacher Xie ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
)ތعʟĎ˃ደͲБقݚڟďࣇߡБʙᆺĎ֗ᓂтࣱࣜݶ ĄقݚʶරጠĎӰ˄̄ىҔˉᙋળ྆վჯᘋჯᘋᓂтࣱĄ* ņ ) ͣዝŇĎ۞ྛᛪʟĄᓂтࣱ͞۞Ą*
قݚďࣇߡē!тࣱĎૌЁĕЁʴ˚ՎĎ Ө࢈྆վૌʟĕ ᓂтࣱē!ోĕѱ࢈վʟĎ̊ЁʟĎվĎ վĎӤቜĄ قݚē!ˉᙋĎѝ౷ސӨલѱಪਔ ڟᓂтࣱĄтࣱĎސӨ˄ڟ ˉ̄ىᙋĄ Ҕˉᙋē!ᓂтࣱĎૌЁĎݞ፹ჯᘋ ૌĄقݚтჳൿૌֹĎჳૌސ ͂శЁڟтࣱĄૌڟደΡԠ Ф˚ᜍૌڟĄ ᓂтࣱē!ԠФ੨ĕ͂࢈ސЁደΡĎދ ͒ʬʰĄӨ͂࢈ુ ݞФЙ౷๐ֹĄ قݚē!тࣱૌʟӨ࢈ݞϻٍљĎ ֏˛ᓙ͓ݟނʡ̶ཾڟ ୩Ďղٍљ͟ᙘපҢĕ ࣇߡē! ސҢĕӨ࢈т๑ൿૌĎ˚႓ݩ ᅄДĎӨ࢈ۨ྆վૌ˚͟Ą ᓂтࣱē!ѱ࢈ղ݆˅࢈ݞᐗձĎ ݞސФ̖1ڟĎԐБ˚ӟ྆ վӨĎ˚˚Ө๐Ą վĎ˃ࣜቜҲĎѿ݊ॉĄ౷Ӱ ໋2ЙьˏࣜڟґĄ
1.
ݞФ̖)ݞФ̖*
Literally Ф̖)Ф̖* means to “have heart.” It is an adjective used to show a person’s concern for others. Such adjectives using “Ф)Ф* noun” can be modified by adverbs indicating degree, such as “*ݞ)ݞ, क)क*, శ)శ*.” Examples:
ݞФ)ݞФ* very useful
ۨલФᐓ҅)ۨલФᐓ҅* extraordinarily helpful
ӇϒФཾ୩)ӇϒФཾ୩* absolutely reasonable
ʪ˷Ф)ࡒزʪ˷Ф*ࡒز extremely ambitious
कФᏀ)कФᏀ* quite rich
శФቸ)శФቸ* the most interesting
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Visiting Teacher Xie ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
)ތعʟĎ˃ደͲБقݚڟďࣇߡБʙᆺĎ֗ᓂтࣱࣜݶ ĄقݚʶරጠĎӰ˄̄ىҔˉᙋળ྆վჯᘋჯᘋᓂтࣱĄ* ņ ) ͣዝŇĎ۞ྛᛪʟĄᓂтࣱ͞۞Ą*
قݚďࣇߡē!тࣱĎૌЁĕЁʴ˚ՎĎӨ࢈྆վૌʟĕ ᓂтࣱē!ోĕѱ࢈վʟĎ̊ЁʟĎվĎվĎӤቜĄ قݚē!ˉᙋĎѝ౷ސӨલѱಪਔڟᓂтࣱĄтࣱĎސӨى˄ڟ ̄ˉᙋĄ Ҕˉᙋē!ᓂтࣱĎૌЁĎݞ፹ჯᘋૌĄقݚтჳrૌֹĎჳૌ͂ސశ ЁڟтࣱĄૌڟደΡԠФ˚ᜍૌڟĄ ᓂтࣱē!ԠФ੨ĕ͂࢈ސЁደΡĎދ͒ʬʰĄӨ͂࢈ુݞФ Й౷๐ֹĄ قݚē!тࣱૌʟӨ࢈ݞϻٍљĎ֏˛ᓙ͓ݟނʡ̶ཾڟ୩Ď ղٍљ͟ᙘපҢĕ ࣇߡē! ސҢĕӨ࢈т๑rૌĎ˚႓ ݩ2. ໋)໋* [dàng, dVng] ᅄДĎӨ࢈ۨ྆վૌ˚͟Ą ໋)໋* is pronounced as [dàng] when used as a short form of the verb “໋ੈ)໋ੈ*0! ᓂтࣱē!ѱ࢈ղ݆˅࢈ݞᐗձĎ ໋Й)໋Й*” (regard as, treat as) and is ݞސФ̖1ڟĎԐБ˚ӟ྆ followed by an object. It is generally used in “Ӱ)Ӱ*” or “)*” construction վӨĎ˚˚Ө๐Ą վĎ˃ࣜቜҲĎѿ݊ॉĄ౷Ӱ sentences. Example: ໋2ЙьˏࣜڟґĄ ᓂтࣱӰደΡ໋ьˏ˅݆ڟʟĄ ᓂтࣱӰደΡ໋ьˏ˅݆ڟʟĄ Xie Laoshi regards his students as his children.
Other uses of “໋)໋*” pronounced as [dVng] that we have studied are as follows:
໋ഓ)໋ഓ* of course ໋//////ڟढ)໋//////ڟढ* at that time, when
໋̈)໋̈* on that day ໋)໋* to work as Continued on page 509
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Visiting Teacher Xie ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અʄϛཌྷʒࠒ
قݚē!тࣱĎჳૌقБ౷ࡌਝτʟĄਝτ̾ݣĎΈ႗ੈ˧ᅄֹĔ ᓂтࣱē!Өݞސೈݟਝτ̾ڟ˅̠ڟݣĄӨ๑ϻᅸᅸपٲĎϻደ! ደĄ ࣇߡē! ӨુૌݞᜍᅸपٲĎԐ໋ૌऌൿ̩ോᅸपڟٲढĎ౷ ۨલટ̖ĄФढટ̖ુӟʟϬĎʡփوĄ Ҕˉᙋē!тࣱૌː༄ݞФደੰʟĎߏ˧ᅄᓙࡌደֹĔ ᓂтࣱē!֗߀ސтĎደ֗т3ĕѱ࢈ࡌ 3. ߀֗тĎደ֗т)߀֗тĎደ֗т* ўĎ໋Ө࢈ደુඹϻڟढ ߀֗тĎደ֗т)߀֗тĎደ֗т* is Ď౷ඹᚈુьˏᐗڟဂ an idiomatic Chinese phrase that literally ϵ̊̍ʟĄӨᓶഓʠʪϻຑ means “live to old age and learn to old age.” The phrase emphasizes that the pursuit ౷זपĎ֗୪ϵː༄໋ of knowledge is a lifelong effort. ʟʭʪಁБڟтࣱʟĎѮސ Өʶݞᜍ໋ደΡĎ̾͟ϻ ደďϻڣᘋĄ قݚē!Ө࢈͟ࡌЁЁϴϩૌᅆҢĕဇʟĎࣇߡʶΈ႗ʰࠂՀΡ ᙷᛉደֹĕ ᓂтࣱē!ސฝĔࣇߡĎѱࡌʰ˧ᅄࠂՀΡĔ ࣇߡē! Өࡌ͞༄ᐼደႈˁĎႈˁ̾ݣӨᓙࡌϔᙷᛉደĎӔଖ̾ ݣ໋༄ᐼደĄ ᓂтࣱē!˚ᎿĎઠվʙ܉ސסఊഒු4Ą 4. ܉ఊഒු)܉ఊഒු* means to “have ࣇߡē! ૌ྆ᇩʟĄဇʟĎقݚჳ୳ ܉ఊഒු)܉ఊഒු* boundless prospects.” It is commonly used ݣĎࡌьˏ˴ֹͧĕقݚĎ to extend good wishes or to comment on the great expectations of young people. ѱվᒿᒿѱࡎڟഫґĄ A similar Chinese expression, ܉ఊᄉ˃! قݚē!ЁڟĄтࣱૌڟཾڣސĎӨԐ )܉ఊᄉ˃* “have far and broad Бೂ͞ྫ༞˴ͧဂĎϵ possibilities,” is also used for good wishes. եደʟ˚̍ڣᘋַ༄Ąϰ Ъ୳̾ݣĎӨ๑ӰӨؚደڟĎЁЁϴᐖʙʮĄӨ๑ྫ ༞Ⴉ൜˴ͧĎ൝ьˏʙጠĎፑማፑማĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Visiting Teacher Xie ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અʄϛཌྷȼࠒ
قݚē!тࣱĎჳૌقБ౷ࡌਝτʟĄਝτ̾ݣĎΈ႗ੈ˧ᅄֹĔ ᓂтࣱē!Өݞސೈݟਝτ̾ڟ˅̠ڟݣĄӨ๑ϻᅸᅸपٲĎϻደ! ደĄ ࣇߡē! ӨુૌݞᜍᅸपٲĎԐ໋ૌऌr̩ോᅸपڟٲढĎ౷ ۨલટ̖ĄФढટ̖ુӟʟϬĎʡփوĄ Ҕˉᙋē!тࣱૌː༄ݞФደੰʟĎߏ˧ᅄᓙࡌደֹĔ ᓂтࣱē!֗߀ސтĎደ֗т3ĕѱ࢈ࡌўĎ໋Ө࢈ደુඹϻڟढĎ ౷ඹᚈુьˏᐗڟဂϵ̊̍ʟĄӨᓶഓʠʪϻຑ౷ז पĎ֗୪ϵː༄໋ʟʭʪಁБڟтࣱʟĎѮސӨʶݞᜍ໋ ደΡĎ̾͟ϻደďϻڣᘋĄ قݚē!Ө࢈͟ࡌЁЁϴϩૌᅆҢĕဇʟĎࣇߡʶΈ႗ʰࠂՀΡ ᙷᛉደֹĕ ᓂтࣱē!ސฝĔࣇߡĎѱࡌʰ˧ᅄࠂՀΡĔ ࣇߡē! Өࡌ͞༄ᐼደႈˁĎႈˁ̾ݣӨᓙࡌϔᙷᛉደĎӔଖ̾ ݣ໋༄ᐼደĄ ᓂтࣱē!˚ᎿĎઠվʙ܉ސסఊഒු4Ą ࣇߡē! ૌ྆ᇩʟĄဇʟĎقݚჳ୳ݣĎࡌьˏ˴ֹͧĕقݚĎѱ վᒿᒿѱࡎڟ࿒ґĄ قݚē!ЁڟĄтࣱૌڟཾڣސĎӨԐБೂ͞ྫ༞˴ͧဂĎϵե ደʟ˚̍ڣᘋַ༄ĄϰЪ୳̾ݣĎӨ๑ӰӨؚደڟĎЁ ЁϴᐖʙʮĄӨ๑ྫ༞Ⴉ൜˴ͧĎ൝ьˏʙጠĎፑ ማፑማĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Visiting Teacher Xie ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અʄϛཌྷɄࠒ
Ҕˉᙋē!͂ᓙʮסԚ̖Ďۨࡌϵʭʪຑ͎̾ੈ܉ʙബձ˚͟Ą ᓂтࣱē!ݞЁĎѱ࢈ސБᄆФߏ5Ď 5. БᄆФߏ)БᄆФߏ* ঢѱ࢈Й͒ĕӨ̾ѱ࢈ߏ means “young and းڟĎЁЁ͑ٶĄဇʟĎˉᙋ БᄆФߏ)БᄆФߏ* promising.” It is used to comment on a ֹĎѱʶˬސБ୳ฝĔ young person’s promising future. Ҕˉᙋē!˚Ď͂࢈ࡌ୳ʟĎͫФӨ ˬБᓙ˚୳ĄӨސደᖂڟĎӨ࢈ደᖂુۨڟደ˲Б˚͟ĕ )ᓂтַࣱደΡ࢈ᙷᛉம̈Ą֍ˉढ̾ݣĎደΡ࢈ࡌՖʟĄ* )قݚʟढ*ē!ోĕढ˚ОʟĎӨ࢈Έᔙૌ̊ʴʟĎཎՖʟĄ ᓂтࣱē!ᓙОֹĕԠᘰ۽ĎϔݟʙґĄ ࣇߡē! ˚ʟĎтࣱĎӨ࢈ސڟཎՖ 6. ቜယՖ)ቜယՖ* ʟĄʮЩФڪϔվૌĄ ቜယՖ)ቜယՖ* literally means “please ᓂтࣱē!եĎЁґĕݞ፹ѱ࢈վ walk slowly.” It is usually said by the host 6 when the guests are about to leave. Similar ӨĄቜယՖ ĕ English expressions are “please take care” Ҕˉᙋē!ૌϻ۳ࡧĎቜॼԏ7ĄϔՎĕ and “drive carefully.”
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Ҕˉᙋē!͂ᓙʮסԚ̖Ďۨࡌϵʭʪຑ͎̾ੈ܉ʙബձ˚͟Ą ᓂтࣱē!ݞЁĎѱ࢈ސБᄆФߏ5Ďঢѱ࢈Й͒ĕӨ̾ѱ࢈ߏး ڟĎЁЁ͑ٶĄဇʟĎˉᙋֹĎѱʶˬސБ୳ฝĔ Ҕˉᙋē!˚Ď͂࢈ࡌ୳ʟĎͫФӨˬБᓙ˚୳ĄӨސደᖂڟĎ Ө࢈ደᖂુۨڟደ˲Б˚͟ĕ )ᓂтַࣱደΡ࢈ᙷᛉம̈Ą֍ˉढ̾ݣĎደΡ࢈ࡌՖʟĄ* )قݚʟढ*ē!ోĕढ˚ОʟĎӨ࢈Έᔙૌ̊ʴʟĎཎՖʟĄ ᓂтࣱē!ᓙОֹĕԠᘰ۽ĎϔݟʙґĄ ࣇߡē! ˚ʟĎтࣱĎӨ࢈ސڟཎՖ 7. ቜॼԏ)ቜॼԏ* ʟĄʮЩФڪϔվૌĄ ቜॼԏ)ቜॼԏ* literally “please keep your footsteps,” is said by guests when the ᓂтࣱē!եĎЁґĕݞ፹ѱ࢈վ host is seeing them off. The implied ӨĄቜယՖ6ĕ meaning is “I will see myself out. Thank you.” Ҕˉᙋē!ૌϻ۳ࡧĎቜॼԏ7ĄϔՎĕ
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. Emphasis in Chinese Sentences Emphasis can be conveyed in various ways. It is commonly expressed by stressing a particular word or phrase in the sentence. It can also be realized through using adverbs and different sentence constructions. Emphasis words/ constructions “ۨ//////˚͟
)ۨ//////˚͟*” Construction (for more detail, see Lesson 19)
Features used to indicate “must, have to”
Examples
ޑೈ˲ۨ͞ӚӚ˚͟Ą ޑೈ˲ۨ͞ӚӚ˚͟Ą Mom has to visit (our) little brother this Saturday.
ˬ̈ۨאאϬᗾ˚͟Ą ˬ̈ۨאאϬᗾ˚͟Ą
(Our) little sister has to take her medicine today. “//////ʶ0//////
)//////ʶ0//////*”
used to indicate “even”
Construction (for more detail, see Lesson 8)
N. ʶ0 N. ʶ0
ੰᖠ̊ᘲʟĎтࣱ˚ཾڣ ݩᅄϱൎĄ ੰᖠ̊ᘲʟĎтࣱ˚ཾڣ ݩᅄϱൎĄ This question is too difficult. Even the teacher doesn’t know how to answer it.
͂ݨݨДДϴՖʟĎଏʶԠվ ુ̅ϬĄ ͂ݨݨДДϴՖʟĎଏʶԠվ ુ̅ϬĄ He left hastily and didn’t even have time to eat dinner.
͂̊ДʟĎϬڟढʶԠФĄ ͂̊ДʟĎϬڟढʶԠФĄ
He is too busy, and doesn’t even have time to eat.
Lesson 16
Emphasis words/ constructions
Features
V. ʶ0 V. ʶ0
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Examples
ᅄ˃ുˎڟĎӨ๑˚ಸ๑Ď ͂ܓʙʡӇЙʟĄ ᅄ˃ുˎڟĎӨ๑˚ಸ๑Ď ͂ܓʙʡӇЙʟĄ
I don’t even dare to think about such a big project, but he finished it by himself.
clause ʶ0 clause ʶ0
Ө͂ўϵࢺӟʟĄ Ө͂ўϵࢺӟʟĄ
I’ve even forgotten where he lives.
)* NP with ؘཇʙʡԠФĄ measure words ʶ0 ؘཇʙʡԠФ Ą )ʶ0* There is not a single person in the room. Ђʙନགྷ˅ʶԠФĄ Ђʙନགྷ˅ʶԠФĄ
She doesn’t have even one skirt. Adverb “౷)౷*”
The adverb ౷)౷* Ө˲ຑڟढ౷ჯᘋЂʟĄ is used to emphasize Ө˲ຑڟढ౷ჯᘋЂʟĄ that an event occurred I’ve known her since I was six years old. earlier than expected. Time modifiers and other adverbs must be used before ౷)౷*.
౷)౷* *ސ)ސ0! ϵ)ϵ* is used to provide emphasis to a simple statement
౷ސӨڟજھĄ ౷ސӨڟજھĄ
This place is my dorm.
ۆ౷ϵᖂठᘞĄ ۆ౷ϵᖂठᘞĄ
The flower store is right beside the hospital.
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Emphasis words/ constructions
Features
Examples
౷)౷* V. is used to ͩӨϬᗾĎӨ౷˚๑ϬᗾĄ indicate a strong and ͩӨϬᗾĎӨ౷˚๑ϬᗾĄ unchangeable will. ౷)౷* is usually stressed in speaking.
Mom asked me to take medicine, but I just don’t want to take medicine.
ͩˉ̴͞ҲՙĎ͂͟ސ౷ࡌ! Ֆ͞ʰĄ ͩˉ̴͞ҲՙĎ͂͟ސ౷ࡌ! Ֆ͞ʰĄ Mom asked Xiao Wang to take the bus, but he just wants to walk to class.
Adverb “͟)͟*”
The adverb ͟)͟* is frequently used in spoken language to provide emphasis In statements
եʭຑ˅݆ڟϬુ͟˚̍Ą եʭຑ˅݆ڟϬુ͟˚̍Ą
That three-year-old kid eats quite a lot.
ඵྫ༞͟˚ͫᅋᏀ![jiàqián] (price)Ďපྫڟ༞͟˚ʙסЁĄ ඵྫ༞͟˚ͫᅋᏀĎපྫڟ༞ ͟˚ʙסЁĄ Don’t just focus on price when purchasing a computer. Expensive computers are not necessarily the best ones.
In rhetorical sentences
ᅄ˃ڟϴ̟Ď͟͞ࢺӲ͂ҢĔ ᅄ˃ڟϴ̟Ď͟͞ࢺӲ͂ҢĔ How can we find him in such a vast area?
Lesson 16
Emphasis words/ constructions
Features In imperative sentences
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Examples
ѱ͟ࡌЁЁደ˛̜Ңĕ ѱ͟ࡌЁЁደ˛̜Ңĕ You have to learn Chinese well.
ѱ͟˚ʙᘞՙʙᘞΈ̙ጠҢĕ ѱ͟˚ʙᘞՙʙᘞΈ̙ጠҢĕ You must not drive while talking on the cell phone. Double negative structure
“˚˚)˚˚*ď ˚˚)˚˚*” are used to express a high possibility or strong obligation
ˉ̮ࠛڟΔࡌ̈قվĎЂ˚˚! ጌ୩ؘĄ ˉ̮ࠛڟΔࡌ̈قվĎЂ˚˚! ጌ୩ؘĄ
Xiaomei’s parents are coming tomorrow. She has to clean up the house.
ˉᓂ˚̄ىڟ˚ᐓ͂ࣜڟĄ ˉᓂ˚̄ىڟ˚ᐓ͂ࣜڟĄ It’s not possible that Xiao Xie’s friends won’t help him move. “ԠФ//////˚! )ԠФ//////˚*” is used to indicate “all”
ԠФʡ˚ᜍ͂Ą ԠФʡ˚ᜍ͂Ą
There isn’t anyone who doesn’t like him.
͂ԠФʙ̈˚ె৯Ą ͂ԠФʙ̈˚ె৯Ą
He drinks tea every single day.
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Emphasis words/ constructions Intensifier “”*ސ)ސ and the construction “ސ//////!ڟ )ސ//////( ”*ڟfor details see Chinese Link, Level 1, Lesson 6)
Features
Examples
In sentences referring to events that happened in the past, the “ސ//////!ڟ )ސ//////”*ڟ construction is applied to emphasize when, where, or how the actions occurred
Өސϵ͕յደ˛̜ڟĄ Өސϵ͕յደ˛̜ڟĄ
The intensifier *ސ)ސ is used in sentences referring to the continuous present or future to indicate affirmation. *ސ)ސ is not a predicate in the sentences and is usually stressed. *ސ)ސword (omitted particle )ڟ is used in a specific context to emphasize the fact of the subject
ˬ̈ސѾĄ ˬ̈ސѾĄ
*ސ)ސclause
ѱؘڟ̨ސӨ˃ڟĄ ѱؘڟ̨ސӨ˃ڟĄ
It was in Beijing that I studied Chinese.
͂͞ސБվڟĄ ͂͞ސБվڟĄ
It was last year that he arrived.
It is indeed cold today.
݂ݞސقĄ ݂ݞސقĄ
Yao Ming is very tall indeed.
Your room is indeed larger than mine. “//////ʶ0
)//////ʶ0*” or “//////ʶԠ0˚ )//////ʶԠ0˚*” construction
Used to indicate “entirely” or “not at all”
ϣደ࢈ϒϱࣜʟĄ ϣደ࢈ϒϱࣜʟĄ
All the classmates went home.
ӨʙЩʶԠ྆͞˛Ą ӨʙЩʶԠ྆͞˛Ą
I have not been to China once.
Lesson 16
Emphasis words/ constructions Rhetorical questions (detailed usages will be introduced in Lesson 17)
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Features
Examples
Rhetorical questions are used to state an obvious fact or to intensify the tone. Typical constructions include: UÊ º˚ސ//////ฝ!! )˚ސ//////ฝ*” UÊ ºԠ//////ฝ! )Ԡ//////ฝ*” UÊ ºᘲཾ//////!! )ᘲཾ//////*”
ѱ˚྆͞ސʰॕฝĔ൝Ө˭ʙʮ եˉڟϬґĄ ѱ˚྆͞ސʰॕฝĔ൝Ө˭ʙʮ եˉڟϬґĄ Haven’t you been to Shanghai? Then tell me about some snackbars there.
ѱԠ͎վฝĔ͂࠼ސʡĄ ѱԠ͎վฝĔ͂࠼ސʡĄ
Can’t you tell from his accent that he is British?
ѱ̈ޒᘲཾԠՎӨĔ ѱ̈ޒᘲཾԠՎӨĔ Didn’t you see me yesterday?
>> Try
it! With a partner, practice using the patterns for emphasis above. Make sure that you make at least one sentence with each of the patterns. For example,
! !
͂ސʙЁтࣱĎӨ࢈ॲڟደΡԠФʙ˚ᜍ͂ڟĄ ! ͂ސʙЁтࣱĎӨ࢈ॲڟደΡԠФʙ˚ᜍ͂ڟĄ
! !
ѱᘲཾ˚๑͞тࣱฝĔ ! ѱᘲཾ˚๑͞тࣱฝĔ
1.
2.
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II. Summary: Serial Verb Constructions In Lesson 13 we learned about the pivotal construction, a type of serial verb construction ͯ)ͯ* [liándòngjù]. A serial verb construction is a sentence consisting of two or more verb phrases or clauses juxtaposed without any marker or conjunctional devices. Common semantic relationships between the verb phrases (or clauses) in serial verb constructions are summarized in the table below. Semantic relationship I. Sequence
Features
Examples
UÊ iÊ>VÌÊÃÊ completed and then followed by a second action
ӨʮϱࣜĄ ӨʮϱࣜĄ
UÊ ÌÜÊÀÊÀiÊ separate events
Ө֕ʟ̱ďʟᒛĎʰӗႃᚈĄ Ө֕ʟ̱ďʟᒛĎʰӗႃᚈĄ
I finished my classes and then went home.
I brushed my teeth, washed my face, and then went to bed. II. Purpose
UÊ Ì
iÊ>ÌÌiÀÊ>VÌÊ provides the purpose of the first action
Ө࢈֗тࣱࣜݶ͂Ą Ө࢈֗тࣱࣜݶ͂Ą
We went to the teacher’s house (in order) to visit him. (Visiting him is the purpose of going to the teacher’s house.)
Ө࢈͞˛ደ˛̜Ą Ө࢈͞˛ደ˛̜Ą
We went to China (in order) to study Chinese. (Studying Chinese was the purpose of going to China.) III. Alternating
UÊ Ì
iÊÃÕLiVÌÊ ЂԐ̈੮၈Ą)ЂԐ̈੮၈Ą* alternates between ЂԐ̈੮၈ )ЂԐ̈੮၈ * Ą Ą two actions She sings and dances every day.
IV. Circumstance
UÊ Ì
iÊwÀÃÌÊ>VÌÊ provides the circumstance in which the second action occurs
͂ՙ͎ձʟĄ ͂ՙ͎ձʟĄ
He had an accident while driving. (Driving the car provides the circumstance in which the accident occurred.)
Lesson 16
Semantic relationship
Features
V. Instrument or vehicle
VI. Accompanying circumstances
UÊ Ì
iÊwÀÃÌÊ>VÌÊ provides the means with which the second action is carried out
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Examples
͂˅ϬĄ ͂˅ϬĄ
He eats with chopsticks. (“Use chopsticks” is the instrument of the action “eating.”)
UÊ Ì
iÊwÀÃÌÊ>VÌÊ ͂ऌൿ̩ോᅸपٲĄ is marked with ͂ऌr̩ോᅸपٲĄ ൿ)r*, indicating He is holding a brush while doing calligraphy. that it occurs at the same time as ЂরൿဇӨჳņϔՎĄŇ the second action ЂরrဇӨჳņϔՎ Ň
Ą
She smiled while saying “goodbye” to me. Note: A serial verb construction sentence might be interpreted as more than one type of semantic relationship listed above. The context and the type of verb may provide clues to the semantic relationship between the two actions. For example, ͂ʰᇂႃᚈ)͂ʰᇂႃᚈ* may belong to type (I) Sequence (two separate events: he went upstairs and slept) or type (II) Purpose (he went upstairs in order to go to sleep). >> Try
it! With a partner, practice making short dialogues using the serial verb construction sentences. For example,
! !
V:!ѱʮ˿ੈ˧ᅄ͞ʟĔ ! ѱʮ˿ੈ˧ᅄ͞ʟĔ
! !
W:! Өʮ˿Ҳՙ͞ඵᕄڐਚ൝ӨההĄ
! Өʮ˿Ҳՙ͞ඵᕄڐਚ൝ӨההĄ
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
Our School Centennial Celebration ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
лБमᆊ ʭ̢ʪˤ̠ސӨ࢈˃ደڟлБमᆊĎӨ࢈ː༄୳ʪБʟĎ Щमᆊ˚˚ჳސʙ˃ࣜࡧႹڟЁጠĄե̈Ďमสཇ֗ ސम̄ĎԐʡʰ͞ݞ̖Ą тϣደՎ̾ڟݣʙχձ౷ސʙ ਔ͞тַࣱࣱΔĄʪБ྆͞ʟĎт ࣱڟᏞΩʟĎ͟ᓙސեᅄશĎ͈ ၖ߀ʨĄ͂ᓙુԐደΡڟϪЅĎ˚ ˚ʡ๐ĄϵтַࣱтϣደᘞĎ ˃ࣜʙਔ̈ჳϴĎЁ࿋ʬϱ֗ʟࠛЁ ˃ڟደढώĄ Ө࢈मสڟᝐ˽ʶۨલ˃Ďݞϻϴ ̟Ө࢈ჯ˚͎վʟĄོ̾ڟ܉Ď ୪ϵː༄ސʙࣴၔ۫ڟՉʟĄФڟ ϴ̟͟ʙᔈԠᝐĄᓙુӨ࢈໋Б శ๒͞ڟņЁϬŇᏢฝĔӨ࢈ʬϱ եϬʟĕᏢᓙࢨސվڟᏢĎтᓳʶࢨސվڟтᓳĎأഖඊ ʶԠФᝐĄӨ࢈ҲϵʙਔൿরൿĄϣደ࢈ჳĎӨ࢈͟ʙࡌסӰϣ ደ࢈̄ڟᙷᛉʮ͞˚͟Ą ౷ސӨ࢈ࠛᙋ˃ڟደĎ͟๒ڟтַࣱϣደ࢈ĄঢӨ࢈˃ڟደ ԁ͑വࣤĎঢӨ࢈ڟтࣱΗᄉશĎঢӨ࢈̄ڟۧ͠ĕ Notes:
म̄)म̄* [xiàoycu]: alumnus or alumna ͈ၖ)͈ၖ* [chYngm`n]: to be full of ߀ʨ)߀ʨ* [huólì]: vigor, energy ๐)๐* [g`ndòng]: move, touch ढώ)ढώ* [shíguVng]: time ̄)̄* [ycuyì]: friendship ͠)ۧ͠[ *ۧwàngdchángqXng]: to be everlasting
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
Our School Centennial Celebration ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
лБमᆊ ʭ̢ʪˤ̠ސӨ࢈˃ደڟлБमᆊĎӨ࢈ː༄୳ʪБʟĎ Щमᆊ˚˚ჳސʙ˃ࣜࡧႹڟЁጠĄե̈Ďमสཇ֗ ސम̄ĎԐʡʰ͞ݞ̖Ą тϣደՎ̾ڟݣʙχձ౷ސʙਔ͞тַࣱࣱΔĄʪБ ྆͞ʟĎтࣱڟᏞΩʟĎ͟ᓙސեᅄશĎ͈ၖ߀ʨĄ͂ᓙુ ԐደΡڟϪЅĎ˚˚ʡ๐ĄϵтַࣱтϣደᘞĎ˃ࣜʙਔ ̈ჳϴĎЁ࿋ʬϱ֗ʟࠛЁ˃ڟደढώĄ Ө࢈मสڟᝐ˽ʶۨલ˃Ďݞϻϴ̟Ө࢈ჯ˚͎վʟĄ̾܉ ོڟĎ୪ϵː༄ސʙࣴၔ۫ڟՉʟĄФڟϴ̟͟ʙᔈ ԠᝐĄᓙુӨ࢈໋Бశ๒͞ڟņЁϬŇᏢฝĔӨ࢈ʬϱեϬ ʟĕᏢᓙࢨސվڟᏢĎтᓳʶࢨސվڟтᓳĎأഖඊʶԠФ ᝐĄӨ࢈ҲϵʙਔrরrĄϣደ࢈ჳĎӨ࢈͟ʙࡌסӰϣደ࢈ڟ ̄ᙷᛉʮ͞˚͟Ą ౷ސӨ࢈ࠛᙋ˃ڟደĎ͟๒ڟтַࣱϣደ࢈ĄঢӨ࢈˃ڟደ ԁ͑വࣤĎঢӨ࢈ڟтࣱΗᄉશĎঢӨ࢈̄ڟۧ͠ĕ Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Фࢺղʙڟჭ͎ٲ୪ϵሕ഻̜ཇĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ Фࢺղʙڟჭ͎ٲ୪ϵሕ഻̜ཇĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ
2.
тࣱڟݩᅄᆺĔ͂ᓙુϣደ࢈ฝĔ тࣱڟݩᅄᆺĔ͂ᓙુϣደ࢈ฝĔ
3.
ደमַϣደ࢈Фࢺղϴ̟ᝐʟĔࢺղϴ̟ԠФᝐĔ ደमַϣደ࢈Фࢺղϴ̟ᝐʟĔࢺղϴ̟ԠФᝐĔ
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY ȹརАࣩ ȹརАࣩ [yìgi zuò qì] Meaning: To beat the drum once to boost morale. Usage: It means to get something done in one vigorous or sustained effort. Example:
͂୪ϵݞ͒Ď๑ࡌņʙ࿂ѰॉŇĎۨࡌϵقБ୳˚͟Ą ͂୪ϵݞ͒Ď๑ࡌņʙ࿂ѰॉŇĎۨࡌϵقБ୳˚͟Ą
Pay special attention to the usages of emphasis words/constructions and serial verb constructions.
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ͠ढĎᅆࡌӾΈĄဇ઼˃ڟᅆĎ̴ڟʶࣛ ؐĄΓϵढĎଔ⩪͞Վʟ̴Ďჳē!ņԠФ˧ᅄЁࣛؐڟĎӨ࢈ۨዽ ఽ͂࢈˚͟ĄŇ ଔ⩪̴ַࡖڟ྄֗ʟᅆࡖĄᅆ ࡖᐞ࿂ࡌվӾΈࡖĎ̴Վݣʰ ʶࡌᐞ࿂۔ዽĄѮଔ⩪ܓჳē!ņ୪ϵ˚ސ ͎ᐞڟढĎʙࡌסʙ˗їĄŇ྆ ʟ˚ʴĎᅆࡖʠЩᐞ࿂Ą̴ჳϔ˚ᐞ ࿂۔ዽ౷˚їʟĎѮଔ⩪ʬʙЩ̥ۢʟ ͂Ą ໋ᅆࡖവਔʭЩӾڟढĎଔ ⩪˗ဇ̴ჳē!ņ୪ϵᄂӤᐞ࿂Ďּͅˁ ѼʙࡌסӤఀӾᐞᅆࡖĄŇൖَĎΈ ʟఽ̓Ą Έʟఽ̓̾ݣĎ̴ੰଔ⩪ߏ˧ᅄ ڟזढ˚͂ᐞ࿂Ďଔ⩪ჳē!ņΈ̺̓ࡌސኬˁѼڟˁॉĄʙ Щᐞ࿂ڟढĎˁѼڟˁॉʙސסశڟĄʠЩᐞ࿂ڟढĎˁॉ ౷ࣵʙᔈʟĄʭЩᐞ࿂ڟढĎ౷ԁࣵʟĄϰЪĎ໋ᅆࡖʙ ЩďʠЩᐞ࿂ڟढӨ˚ુ˚̆ဇѱᐞ࿂ĎࡌѱĄ֗ڢʭЩ ढĎ˗ϣ๎ѱᐞ࿂ĄŇ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ͠ढĎᅆࡌӾΈĄဇ઼˃ڟᅆĎ̴ڟʶࣛ ؐĄΓϵढĎଔ⩪͞Վʟ̴Ďჳē!ņԠФ˧ᅄЁࣛؐڟĎӨ࢈ۨዽ ఽ͂࢈˚͟ĄŇ ଔ⩪̴ַࡖڟ྄֗ʟᅆࡖĄᅆࡖᐞ࿂ࡌվӾΈࡖĎ̴ Վݣʰʶࡌᐞ࿂۔ዽĄѮଔ⩪ܓჳē!ņ୪ϵ˚͎ސᐞڟढĎʙס ࡌʙ˗їĄŇ྆ʟ˚ʴĎᅆࡖʠЩᐞ࿂Ą̴ჳϔ˚ᐞ࿂۔ ዽ౷˚їʟĎѮଔ⩪ʬʙЩ̥ۢʟ͂Ą ໋ᅆࡖവਔʭЩӾڟढĎଔ⩪˗ဇ̴ჳē!ņ୪ϵᄂӤᐞ ࿂ĎּͅˁѼʙࡌסӤఀӾᐞᅆࡖĄŇൖَĎΈʟఽ̓Ą Έʟఽ̓̾ݣĎ̴ੰଔ⩪ߏ˧ᅄڟזढ˚͂ᐞ࿂Ďଔ⩪ ჳē!ņΈ̺̓ࡌސኬˁѼڟˁॉĄʙЩᐞ࿂ڟढĎˁѼڟˁॉʙ ސסశڟĄʠЩᐞ࿂ڟढĎˁॉ౷ࣵʙᔈʟĄʭЩᐞ࿂ڟ ढĎ౷ԁࣵʟĄϰЪĎ໋ᅆࡖʙЩďʠЩᐞ࿂ڟढӨ˚ુ˚ ̆ဇѱᐞ࿂ĎࡌѱĄ֗ڢʭЩढĎ˗ϣ๎ѱᐞ࿂ĄŇ Notes:
͠ढ)͠ढ* [gdshíhòu]: in the old days ᅆ)ᅆ* [Qíguó]: the State of Qi ͎ᐞ)͎ᐞ* [chZjX]: to dispatch troops ӾΈ)ӾΈ* [gYngd`]: to attack )* [Ldguó]: the State of Lu ዽఽ)ዽఽ* [zhànshèng]: to conquer ᐞ࿂)ᐞ࿂* [jXgd]: to beat the drum ۔ዽ)۔ዽ* [yíngzhàn]: to meet the enemy head on ̥ۢ)̥ۢ* [zdzhb]: to inhibit, prevent, stop ᄂӤ)ᄂӤ* [g`nkuài]: to hurry up Ӿᐞ)Ӿᐞ* [gYngjX]: to attack ˁॉ)ˁॉ* [shìqì]: morale ࣵ)ࣵ* [ruò]: weak ̆ဇ)̆ဇ* [f`nduì]: to oppose ϣ๎)ϣ๎* [tóngyì]: to agree
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Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēemphasis words/constructions and serial verb constructions.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēemphasis words/constructions and serial verb constructions.
ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņʙ࿂ѰॉŇވڟձĄ ! ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņʙ࿂ѰॉŇވڟձĄ 2.
ቜņʙ࿂ѰॉŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņʙ࿂ѰॉŇڟս˅Ą ! ቜņʙ࿂ѰॉŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņʙ࿂ѰॉŇڟս˅Ą 3.
4.ņʙ࿂ѰॉŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
! ņʙ࿂ѰॉŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 16-1 In the blanks provided, write the Pinyin, with tones, for the words you hear. Then check them with your partner. Emphasis in Chinese Sentences 1.
͂ʙЩ _____ _____ ྆͞ʰॕĎ_____ ࡌ͞ե _____ _____Ą ͂ʙЩ _____ _____ ྆͞ʰॕĎ_____ ࡌ͞ե _____ _____Ą
2.
͂ _____ ๑ඵʙኄࠛՙĎф˚̠ސΏՙĄ ͂ _____ ๑ඵʙኄࠛՙĎф˚̠ސΏՙĄ ቢͩѱ֗վڟĔ _____ ቢͩѱ֗վڟĔ
3. _____
4.
ӨДુ _____ ʙʿ̫ _____ _____ ెĄ ӨДુ _____ ʙʿ̫ _____ _____ ెĄ
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Serial Verb Constructions 5.
͂Ԑ̈ _____ ьїՙ _____ ደमĄ ͂Ԑ̈ _____ ьїՙ _____ ደमĄ
6.
тࣱ _____ ˉ˴ _____ ࢈̄ىสັߺĄ тࣱ _____ ˉ˴ _____ ࢈̄ىสັߺĄ
7.
Ђ _____ ൿ _____ ྫབྷĄ Ђ _____ r _____ ྫབྷĄ
8.
Өࡌ _____ ᄚї _____ ᏀĄ Өࡌ _____ ᄚї _____ ᏀĄ
16-2 Listen to the story and answer the questions. Then check them with your partner. Notes:
φΗ)φΗ* [Zhòngycng]: a person’s name ވձ)ވձ* [gùshi]: story ૃ[ *܉ૃ)܉cóngqián]: in the past ؇ഓ)؇ഓ* [hZrán]: suddenly ࡶ)ࡶ* [shcu]: (measure word for songs or poems) ད)ད* [shX]: poetry; poem ߺ۬)ߺ۬* [xiVngxìn]: to believe in ഒባ)ഒባ* [wúlùn]: no matter what )[ *jXngqí]: to be amazed [ *ސػ)ސػyúshì]: consequently [ *ڌ)ڌzhWng]: to contend ಽʡ)ಽʡ* [pdtYngrén]: everyman, average person ᒑ)قᒑ[ *قcYngmíng]: clever ਐᕀ ਐᕀ t 1.
φΗૃސಁຑזᅸདڟĔ φΗૃސಁຑזᅸདڟĔ
2.
φΗ͎Ϫ̾ݣĎ͂ڍڍڟᓙ͂पฝĔ φΗ͎Ϫ̾ݣĎ͂ڍڍڟᓙ͂पฝĔ
3.
φΗʪʠຑڟढདᅸુݩᅄᆺĔʠʪຑֹĔ φΗʪʠຑڟढདᅸુݩᅄᆺĔʠʪຑֹĔ
4.
ވձҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ ވձҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
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II. Character Exercises 16-3 Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
ᅆ ᅆ
ബ ബ
ᅆ ᅆ
ʙബ ʙബ
ϩтࣱᅆ ϩтࣱᅆ
ʙബձ ʙബձ
ЁЁϴϩтࣱᅆ ЁЁϴϩтࣱᅆ
ੈ͎ʙബձ ੈ͎ʙബձ
Ө࢈͟ࡌЁЁϴϩтࣱᅆĄ Ө࢈͟ࡌЁЁϴϩтࣱᅆĄ
͂ۨࡌੈ͎ʙബձ˚͟Ą ͂ۨࡌੈ͎ʙബձ˚͟Ą
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
ྛ ྛ
2.
ᛪ ᛪ
3.
ಪ ಪ
4.
ᒿ ᒿ
5.
ᐗ ᐗ
6.
փ փ
7.
ᇩ ᇩ
8.
ፑ ፑ
9.
ු ු
10.
Ԛ Ԛ
16-4 Form groups and create phrases with the following words (pay attention to the various usages of each word). Example:
ॼēॼደĎॼԏĎॼՐ ॼēॼደĎॼԏĎॼՐ
1.
۞ē______________________________________________ ۞ē______________________________________________
2.
༄ē______________________________________________ ༄ē______________________________________________
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3.
ē______________________________________________ ē______________________________________________
4.
୩ē______________________________________________ ୩ē______________________________________________
5.
ደē______________________________________________ ደē______________________________________________
6.
̖ē______________________________________________ ̖ē______________________________________________
7.
ē______________________________________________ ē______________________________________________
8.
පē______________________________________________ පē______________________________________________
9.
๐ē______________________________________________ ๐ē______________________________________________
10.
τē______________________________________________ τē______________________________________________
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III. Grammar Exercises 16-5 Serial Verb Constructions
ͯ)ͯ*
Form groups and complete the following. 1. Translate the following serial verb construction sentences into Chinese orally. 2. Identify the semantic relationship of the serial verb constructions (use the grammar notes section as your reference) in the sentences. (I) Sequence (IV) Circumstance
(II) Purpose (V) Instrument or vehicle
(III) Alternating (VI) Accompanying circumstances
(a) I bought a ticket to watch a movie. ______________________________________________________________________
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(b) We came over to visit you. ______________________________________________________________________ (c) They used Chinese to chat. ______________________________________________________________________ (d) He was not careful and got sick. ______________________________________________________________________ (e) He hugged the child and said “I love you.” –
[ زbào]: to hug
______________________________________________________________________ (f)
She sings and dances every day. ______________________________________________________________________
(g) She rides a bicycle to school every day. ______________________________________________________________________ (h) He drove his car and had an accident. ______________________________________________________________________ 16-6 Read the story, then with your partner complete the exercises that follow: Notes:
ᆵደ)ᆵደ* [shùxué]: mathematics Йᑼ)Йᑼ* [chéngjì]: grade ˫ഓ)˫ഓ* [réngrán]: still ҆ʨ)҆ʨ* [ndlì]: to make great efforts ОᏡ)ОᏡ* [z`ocVn]: breakfast ͒̉˚ࡒФ̖ʡ)͒̉˚ࡒФ̖ʡ* [gYngfu búfù ycuxXnrén]: everything comes to one who makes an effort ์র)์র* [wWixiào]: to smile ˷ᆵ)˷ᆵ* [fWnshù]: grade, score ӰᒛʙԖ)ӰᒛʙԖ* [b`li`nyìchén]: (literally: to sink the face) to suddenly look serious ᘲ྆)ᘲ྆* [nánguò]: to feel bad
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)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ڟققᆵደЙᑼ˚̊ЁĎ͟˫͂ސഓϵ҆ݞʨϴደĄ͂ʮס Ԛ̖ࡌϵʮЩڟᆵደуཐ _____ (must)у80˷̾ʰ _____ _____Ą͂ސػ Ԑ̈ʙОਔվ౷ੈᆵደᖠĎ༄લДુ _____ (even)ϬОᏡڟढ _____ Ԡ ФĄ͒̉˚ࡒФ̖ʡĎЩڟققᆵደуཐதુػʟ82˷Ą͂ऌൿ Йᑼ፹ϴʟਔվĎ _____ (truly is)͂ސደೈ̾վశЁڟ ЙᑼĄعደڟढĎققʙවൿϱࣜĎ͂ʙ۞౷ӰЙᑼ൝ Ď̖ཇ๑Щ _____ (must)ནᇩ͂ _____ _____Ąऌ֗ڟقق ЙᑼĎϑ์ސরൿĎഓݣ౷ੰॲʰڟү˷ĎᓙФ͂ڟЁˉ̄ى ۫˷ڟᆵސϻ̍ĄӇ̾ݣЂӰᒛʙԖĎჳē!ņ_____ (but)ѿ̊፹ ʟĄѱуુ _____ (indeed)̨̾܉ЁĎѮސѱ࢈ॲФʪಁʡ̨ѱڟЙ ᑼĎ_____ (even)ˉ۫ _____ уુ̨ѱЁֹĄŇڟབྷققᘲ྆ ુࢶʟĄ̖͂ཇ๑ēѿʡސѿʡĎӨސӨĎߏ˧ᅄᒂސऌӨ ѿʡֹ̨Ĕ )ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ڟققᆵደЙᑼ˚̊ЁĎ͟˫͂ސഓϵ҆ݞʨϴደĄ͂ʮס Ԛ̖ࡌϵʮЩڟᆵደуཐ _____ (must)у80˷̾ʰ _____ _____Ą͂ސػ Ԑ̈ʙОਔվ౷ੈᆵደᖠĎ༄લДુ _____ (even)ϬОᏡڟढ _____ Ԡ ФĄ͒̉˚ࡒФ̖ʡĎЩڟققᆵደуཐதુػʟ82˷Ą͂ऌr Йᑼ፹ϴʟਔվĎ _____ (truly is)͂ސደೈ̾վశЁڟ ЙᑼĄعደڟढĎققʙවrϱࣜĎ͂ʙ۞౷ӰЙᑼ൝ Ď̖ཇ๑Щ _____ (must)ནᇩ͂ _____ _____Ąऌ֗ڟقق ЙᑼĎϑ์ސরrĎഓݣ౷ੰॲʰڟү˷ĎᓙФ͂ڟЁˉ̄ى ۫˷ڟᆵސϻ̍ĄӇ̾ݣЂӰᒛʙԖĎჳē!ņ_____ (but)ѿ̊፹ ʟĄѱуુ _____ (indeed)̨̾܉ЁĎѮސѱ࢈ॲФʪಁʡ̨ѱڟЙ ᑼĎ_____ (even)ˉ۫ _____ уુ̨ѱЁֹĄŇڟབྷققᘲ྆ ુࢶʟĄ̖͂ཇ๑ēѿʡސѿʡĎӨސӨĎߏ˧ᅄᒂސऌӨ ѿʡֹ̨Ĕ
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1. With the help of the English clues, fill in the blanks with appropriate words that emphasize the tone of the sentences. 2. Underline the serial verb constructions in the text. 3. Do you think that the mother was truly not satisfied with Mingming’s grade? What were the mother’s true thoughts? 4. Do you agree with how the mother handled Mingming’s test scores? What do you think she should have done?
IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ୌऒभڈؿɐɺ˿ල" ୌऒभڈؿɐɺ˿ල" Do Kids Really Need to Attend After-School Learning Centers?
ᒅЅē
ངॲۨڟʰ˚͟ฝĔ тࣱ࢈ངॲĎ˚ѮᄆʟтࣱڟደᐆʨĎᓙ̾͟ᓈ ֥ᖞངĄФڟངॲĎݞϻʡۆᏀ˚͞Ďۨુਊᘰ ۽Ӳ۞˗їĄ˚̍ࣜݪزĎႍੈٲӇϒސΏΑࢇ༊Ą
ᕏЅē
ངॲۨڟʰ˚͟ฝĔ тࣱ࢈ངॲĎ˚ѮᄆʟтࣱڟደᐆʨĎᓙ̾͟ᓈ ֥ᖞངĄФڟངॲĎݞϻʡۆᏀ˚͞Ďۨુਊᘰ ۽Ӳ۞˗їĄ˚̍ࣜݪزĎႍੈٲӇϒސΏΑࢇ༊Ą
Lesson 16
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Etiquette and Manners
Notes:
ངॲ)ངॲ* [bdxíbVn]: after-school learning center ᄆ)ᄆ* [ji`nqXng]: to lighten, alleviate ᐆʨ)ᐆʨ* [yVlì]: pressure ᓈ֥)ᓈ֥* [zhuànqd]: to make a profit, earn ۆᏀ)ۆᏀ* [huVqián]: to spend money ਊ)ਊ* [tuY]: entrust, plead ᘰ)۽ᘰ[ *۽guVnxi]: relationship ۞)۞* [ménlù]: social connections ࣜ[ *ࣜ)jiVzh`ng]: the parent or guardian of a child [ *ݪز)ݪزbàoyuàn]: to complain ΏΑࢇ༊)ΏΑࢇ༊* [banmòdàozhì]: to put the cart before the horse
Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. What are the meanings of
ਊᘰ)۽ਊᘰ *۽and Ӳ۞)Ӳ۞*?
2. Identify and underline the serial verb constructions in the text. 3. Circle the words or constructions emphasized in the sentences. 4. Retell the story in your own words.
V. Communicative Activities 16-7 Dining out. Work with your partner and act out the following. To thank a friend who helped you remove a computer virus, you invite him/her to dine out at a famous Chinese restaurant. The restaurant is so famous that you had to reserve seats a week in advance. During the meal, emphasize how popular and how busy the restaurant is. Compliment your friend’s computer skills. Notes:
ॾ)ॾ* [bìngdú]: virus ଼୩)଼୩* [qXnglb]: to clear up
͟//////)͟//////*Ď////////////)////////////*Ďސ//////)ސ//////*Ď ۨ//////˚͟)ۨ//////˚͟*ĎԠФ//////˚//////)ԠФ//////˚//////*
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16-8 You are visiting the house of your roommate’s grandparents during spring break. Your roommate’s grandparents are very healthy. They often go jogging. Work in groups to talk about how important it is to maintain good health. Notes:
͟//////)͟//////*Ď////////////)////////////*Ď ސ//////)ސ//////*Ďۨ//////˚͟)ۨ//////˚͟*Ď! ԠФ//////˚//////)ԠФ//////˚//////*
16-9 Work with your partner and act out the following. You have brought a friend to meet your old high-school classmates. Please introduce everyone and ask your old classmates how they are doing.
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ɻਝࡨ۪ؿ ɻਝࡨ۪ؿ Chinese Etiquette The Chinese language is full of polite phrases. Chinese people use them frequently to compliment each other or to speak humbly during social interactions. Chinese recorded history can be traced back as early as 3,000 years ago, and people unfamiliar with Chinese culture often find themselves overwhelmed or even confused by the ubiquitous polite
Chinese
Do you know… s HOWFARBACK#HINESE CULTURECANBETRACED s WHATISIMPORTANTIF YOUSEEKACLOSER RELATIONSHIPWITHA #HINESEFRIEND s WHATARETHE CONSEQUENCESOF OVERUSINGPOLITE PHRASES
Read and find out!
English
phrases. The importance of learning about and understanding Chinese etiquette cannot be overemphasized, especially when doing business or hoping for a closer relationship with a Chinese person, or seeking a deeper understanding of Chinese society. Some common examples of Chinese polite phrases are listed in the table below.
Situation
I have long admired your significant name.
Meeting someone for the first time
I am sorry for not welcoming you from afar.
Welcoming a guest
I am patiently waiting for your glorious arrival.
Welcoming a guest
ታ)ታ* [cìjiào]
Please bestow on me some instruction.
Asking for advice
Վ)Վ* [gVojiàn]
A far-reaching opinion.
Praising someone’s opinion
Έᔙ)Έᔙ* [d`r`o]
To disturb you.
Troubling somebody to do something
ݶਊ)ݶਊ* [bàituY]
To humbly entreat you.
Requesting someone to do something
ݶ)ݶ* [bàif`ng]
To humbly visit.
Referring to visiting someone
ʴω˃Ϫ)ʴω˃Ϫ* [jidy`ng dàmíng]
ФͶᄉ)۔ФͶᄉ*۔ [ycushX yu`nyíng]
ࣾώᒝ)ࣾώᒝ* [gYnghòu guVnglín]
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Chinese
English
Situation
ယՖ)ယՖ* [mànzcu]
Walk slowly
Seeing off a guest
గ)గ* [fèngpéi]
To accompany
Referring to accompanying friends
ࣾ)ࣾ* [gYnghòu]
To await respectfully
Referring to waiting for a guest
ώ᛫)ώ᛫* [guVnggù]
Illustrious patronage
Welcoming customers
ʴྂ)ʴྂ* [jidwéi]
Haven’t seen you in a long time.
Greeting a friend you haven’t seen in a long time
͓)͓* [bVohán]
A fault or embarrassment
Pleading for forgiveness
ࢅώ)ࢅώ* [jièguVng]
Excuse me
Asking someone to move out of the way, to yield passage
ࣾ)ࣾ* [gYngxb]
Congratulations
Congratulating someone
ʮЩϔվ)ʮЩϔվ*
Come again next time
A polite way to say goodbye
Ͷగ)Ͷగ* [shXpéi]
To miss your company
To leave during the middle of a gathering
ॼԏ)ॼԏ* [liúbù]
Save steps
Telling the host he/she needn’t come all the way to the door to see you off.
ᓙ)ᓙ* [fènghuán]
Respectfully give back
When returning something
[xiàcì zàilái]
The wording of ݊ࣈབྷ)݊ࣈབྷ* might sound extreme and flowery to the non-native ear. For example, people say “ʴω˃Ϫ” (I have long admired your significant name) to each other, although they have never met before. Some ݊ࣈབྷ! )݊ࣈབྷ* are used to deflect attention from the abilities of the speaker and show humility. For example, some esteemed scholars often describe themselves as “˗୵ደ)˗୵ደ*” [cáishZ xuéqi`n] (my ability is limited and my knowledge is shallow) in the book prefaces they write. But if the preface of the book is written by the author’s friend or colleague, what you find there would be totally
different. There would be words such as “ደߨॎ̝)ደߨॎ̝*” [xuéjiè tàidcu] (guru of the academic field). It means that this author is a very brilliant scholar, and his knowledge is not shallow at all. Nonetheless, ݊ࣈབྷ)݊ࣈབྷ* should not be overused. Using some ݊ࣈབྷ! )݊ࣈབྷ* between friends is appropriate, but too frequent use of ݊ࣈབྷ)݊ࣈབྷ* will embarrass the listeners, make them feel that the speaker is only paying lip service, and thus may cause them to consider the speaker insincere. Therefore, if one wants to strengthen a friendship, it is best to know how to use ݊ࣈབྷ)݊ࣈབྷ* appropriately.
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4HEREAREMANYSPECIALWAYSTOADDRESSSENIORCITIZENS WHOAREREVEREDIN#HINESECULTURE!RETHEREANYSPECIAL POLITEPHRASESUSEDFORSENIORCITIZENSINYOUROWNCULTURE
#ONFUCIUSSTEACHINGSONETHICSANDMORALITYAREDEEPLY ROOTEDIN#HINESEPEOPLESMINDS(AVEYOUHEARDOFANYOF HISTEACHINGS #ANYOUSHARESOMESIMILARTEACHINGSFROM YOUROWNCOUNTRYORCULTURE
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ਸ਼ʟ̜ణ˛ؚᒿࣈ݊ڟབྷ̾ʹĎѱᓙ˧ཾڣᅄѿࣈ݊ڟབྷĔቜᒞ͎ ʙղս˅Ą ਸ਼ʟ̜ణ˛ؚᒿࣈ݊ڟབྷ̾ʹĎѱᓙ˧ཾڣᅄѿࣈ݊ڟབྷĔቜᒞ͎ ʙղս˅Ą Besides the!݊ࣈབྷ)݊ࣈབྷ* mentioned above, what other Chinese ݊ࣈབྷ)݊ࣈབྷ* do you know? Provide some examples.
2.
ϵѱჳڟჭՐཇФ˧ᅄ݊ࣈབྷฝĔቜჄϣደ࢈˷մʙʮĄ ϵѱჳڟჭՐཇФ˧ᅄ݊ࣈབྷฝĔቜჄϣደ࢈˷մʙʮĄ
What are some polite phrases in your language? Share them with your classmates.
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መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE ᕄϻʡ˚؏ ᕄϻʡ˚؏ Courtesy costs nothing.
! !
lb
duY
rén
bú
guài
ᕄ! ᕄ!
ϻ! ϻ!
ʡ! ʡ!
˚! ˚!
؏ ؏
courtesy
much
people
not
blame
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. What do you think about ᕄϻʡ˚؏)ᕄϻʡ˚؏*? 2. Are there any similar sayings in English or in your native language?
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Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! ࣎ᄪᇼܻ ࣎ᄪᇼܻ Invitation to a University Anniversary Celebration
’*قݚ)قݚs father received an invitation from ٍർ˃ደ)ٍർ˃ደ*, his alma mater, to attend the anniversary celebration. Since it is the first time قݚhas read an invitation in formal Chinese, it is hard for him to understand everything. Read the card and explain it to him.
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version*
ቜ ޛ ٠ఇΏमлБमᆊ Ďᕱࡏ 8̢ 15̠)ޑೈ̠*ʰ˿ 9ढػΏमࠕ؈આᒞ їĺमᆊᆊঢ˃ĻĄ ࣾቜ! ώᒝ ! !
ٍർ˃ደ! !
म ए!
ᓜ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version*
ቜ ޛ ٠ఇΏमлБमᆊ Ďᕱࡏ 8̢ 15̠)ޑೈ̠*ʰ˿ 9ढػΏमࠕ؈આᒞ їĺमᆊᆊঢ˃ĻĄ ࣾቜ! ώᒝ ! !
ٍർ˃ደ! !
म ए!
Notes:
ቜ)ޛቜ[ *ޛqbngji`n]: (formal) invitation card ٠ఇ)٠ఇ* [xXn féng]: happy to meet, come upon Ώम)Ώम* [banxiào]: one’s own school मᆊ)मᆊ* [xiàoqìng]: anniversary of a school ᕱ)ᕱ* [jbn]: sincerely ࡏ)ࡏ* [dìng]: to be scheduled [ *ػ)ػyú]: be at, be in ࠕ؈આ)ࠕ؈આ* [jìniàntáng]: memorial hall ᒞї)ᒞї* [jdxíng]: to hold (a meeting, ceremony, etc.) ᆊঢ)ᆊঢ* [qìngzhù]: to celebrate ˃)˃* [dàhuì]: a grand meeting ࣾቜ)ࣾቜ* [gYngqbng]: to respectfully invite ώᒝ)ώᒝ* [guVnglín]: (polite) presence (of a guest, etc.) म)म[ *xiàozh`ng]: school principal, school president ᓜ)ᓜ* [jìngyVo]: to respectfully invite ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. 2. 3. 4.
ٍސർ˃ደڟಁБमᆊĔ ٍސർ˃ደڟಁБमᆊĔ मᆊސϵࢺʙ̈ĔϵࢺᒞїĔ मᆊސϵࢺʙ̈ĔϵࢺᒞїĔ ѱվӲӲĎቜ˛ޛФࢺղᕄჼჭڱؖΓВჭĄ ѱվӲӲĎቜ˛ޛФࢺղᕄჼჭڱؖΓВჭĄ ቜ࠼̜ϩقݚჳʙჳቜ࣠˱ڟޛĄ ቜ࠼̜ϩقݚჳʙჳቜ࣠˱ڟޛĄ
ᓜ
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నୌ నୌ Review LESSON 15 TO LESSON 16 I. Retelling a story In small groups, listen to the following conversation and then retell the story in your own words. Pay attention to the usage of “Ӱ” and “”, conjunctions, and omission of subjects and objects. Notes:
˽ደ)˽ደ* [huàxué]: chemistry ۜဌ)ۜဌ* [jXnbì]: gold coin [ *ݾ)ݾzhb]: to point to ଶ)ଶ* [yètb]: liquid, solution ࢤ˗)ࢤ˗* [gVngcái]: just now Ή)Ή* [rWng]: to throw ນ˽)ນ˽* [rónghuà]: to dissolve ˱࣠)˱࣠* [nèiróng]: content
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* )˽ደʰ* тࣱ)ऌ͎ʙۜဌĎݾൿ୭˅ཇڟଶ*ē!ņࢤ˗Өː༄൝ѱ࢈ᒿ྆ ႍଶʟĄ୪ϵĎЃَӨӰۜဌΉ͞Ąѱ࢈๑ʙ๑ēۜဌນ ˽૬ฝĔ!Ň )݆˅࢈ѱӨĎӨѱĎቢʶൎ˚͎վĄ* )ˉقমਔվ*ჳē!ņʙ˚סĕ!Ň тࣱē!ņѱϱൎુݞЁĄˬ̈ͫФѱᐗʟӨᒿ࣠˱ڟĄŇ ˉقē!ņ˚ĎтࣱĎӨԠФᐗĄӨ˧ᅄ˚ᐗĄŇ тࣱē!ņեѱݩᅄۜཾڣဌ˚ນ˽ֹĔ!Ň ˉقē!ņтࣱĎЃَႍଶڟӰۜဌນ˽ĎૌݩᅄӰۜဌΉ ֹ͞Ĕ!Ň
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* )˽ደʰ* тࣱ)ऌ͎ʙۜဌĎݾr୭˅ཇڟଶ*ē!ņࢤ˗Өː༄൝ѱ࢈ᒿ྆ ႍଶʟĄ୪ϵĎЃَӨӰۜဌΉ͞Ąѱ࢈๑ʙ๑ēۜဌນ ˽૬ฝĔ!Ň )݆˅࢈ѱӨĎӨѱĎቢʶൎ˚͎վĄ* )ˉقমਔվ*ჳē!ņʙ˚סĕ!Ň тࣱē!ņѱϱൎુݞЁĄˬ̈ͫФѱᐗʟӨᒿ࣠˱ڟĄŇ ˉقē!ņ˚ĎтࣱĎӨԠФᐗĄӨ˧ᅄ˚ᐗĄŇ тࣱē!ņեѱݩᅄۜཾڣဌ˚ນ˽ֹĔ!Ň ˉقē!ņтࣱĎЃَႍଶڟӰۜဌນ˽ĎૌݩᅄӰۜဌΉ ֹ͞Ĕ!Ň II. Dialogue Work with a partner. Talk about your experience of buying something online or from a store. How did you manage to return or exchange it when you found the item had defects? (Use at least 15 sentences.) Notes: Cause-and-effect:
ϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////ĎϰЪĎΥػĎސΥػĎߏʟĎͫЁĎૃф ϰߏ//////ؚ̾//////ĎϰЪĎΥػĎސΥػĎߏʟĎͫЁĎૃф Conditional:
ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎպĎ࠷*//////˗Ď! ˚ഓĎͫФ//////˗Ďͫࡌ//////౷ ࡌ)ސЃَĎЃĎպĎ࠷*//////˗Ď! ˚ഓĎͫФ//////˗Ďͫࡌ//////౷ Parallel-element conjunctions:
ދ//////ʬ)ʶĎф*Ď˚Ѯ//////ф̸//////Ď! ЪʹĎַ00Ⴤ0̾̅ ދ//////ʬ)ʶĎф*Ď˚Ѯ//////ф̸//////Ď! ЪʹĎַ00Ⴤ0̾̅ Concession:
ഓфĎܓ ഓфĎܓ
Review
Alternative:
ڱؖĎᓙސĎࡌᅄ//////ࡌᅄĎ˚ސ//////౷ސ ڱؖĎᓙސĎࡌᅄ//////ࡌᅄĎ˚ސ//////౷ސ Summary:
ᒂ˞ĎᒂфՐ˞ ᒂ˞ĎᒂфՐ˞ III. Picture Description Work in small groups to talk about the benefits the Internet brings to the modern world. Notes:
ۨ//////˚͟Ď//////ʶ0//////Ď౷Ď͟Ď˚00ુ˚ĎԠФ//////˚//////Ďސ//////ڟ ۨ//////˚͟Ď//////ʶ0//////Ď౷Ď͟Ď˚00ુ˚ĎԠФ//////˚//////Ďސ//////ڟ
(1)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(5)
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IV. Traditional and Simplified Characters Work with your partner to read each character aloud and write out its traditional form. Then make a phrase and a sentence using the character. Example: L15: L16:
ደ l ደ l ደΡ l ӨސደΡĄ
ᒒ )! ൕ )! ᛪ )! ᔙ )!
* * * *
ฯ )! ᓊ )! ᙘ )! း )!
* * * *
ዃ )! *
ᔞ )! *
ၾ )! *
Ꮓ )! *
ᅆ )! *
ᙷ )! *
ᐼ )! *
)! *
第十七課 (第十七課) L esson
申請工作 (申請工作)
Applying for a Job
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. How do you prepare to apply for a job? Can you describe it in Chinese? 2. List some differences between job applications in China and in your country or community. Online job applications are now common in China.
教學目標 (教學目標) OBJECTIVES ■
Ask a rhetorical question
■
Describe procedures
■
Compose a Chinese résumé
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́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ᘲཾ
ᘲཾ
nándào
Adv.
Isn’t it true . . .
2.
౷
౷
jiùyè
N.
employment
3.
˛̖ ˛̖ ౷˛̖ ౷˛̖
zhYngxXn
N.
center
jiùyè zhYngxXn
N.
career center
4.
ᒿࣴ
ᒿࣴ
ji`ngzuò
N.
lecture
5.
ЃѤ
ЃѤ
rúhé
Pron.
how
6.
ᕏጣ
ᕏጣ
ji`nlì
N.
résumé, curriculum vitae (C.V.)
7.
ӟ
ӟ
wàngjì
V.
to forget
8.
ቒᖕ
ቒᖕ
fùzá
Adj.
complicated, complex
9.
ࡶϑ
ࡶϑ
shcuxiVn
Adv.
first of all
10.
ؒቴ
ؒቴ
xìngzhì
N.
characteristic, quality, nature
11.
ࡌԑ
ࡌԑ
yVoqiú
V.
to require
N.
requirement
V.
to adjust
N.
adjustment
12.
ቡጌ
ቡጌ
tiáozhang
13.
ᅸٲ
ᅸٲ
xiaf`
N.
style of writing, format
14.
ࠏ͎
ࠏ͎
tZchZ
V.
to make conspicuous
Adj.
outstanding
15.
ࡧᔈ
ࡧᔈ
zhòngdi`n
N.
focus, major point
16.
آ൘
آ൘
jùjué
V.
to refuse, reject
Lesson 17
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
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Applying for a Job
e^cn^c
17.
̀̀ ̀̀
zbzbxìxì
Adj.
very carefully
18.
ӽ
xiZg`i
V.
to revise
N.
revision
ӽ
19.
أ༒
أ༒
zhVopìn
V.
to hire
20.
۬ऀ
۬ऀ
xìnxX
N.
information, message
21.
ڢ
ڢ
zhíjiW
Adv.
directly
22.
ʮཷ
ʮཷ
xiàz`i
V.
to download
23.
ےि
ےि
bi`ogé
N.
form
24.
૰ᕨ۬
૰ᕨ۬
tuXjiànxìn
N.
recommendation letter
25.
ࣼؐ
ࣼؐ
kcngpà
Adv.
I am afraid that . . .
26.
ᄂӤ
ᄂӤ
g`nkuài
Adv.
speedily
27.
Фࡩ
Фࡩ
ycuxiàn
Adj.
limited
28.
уᆌ
уᆌ
k`oll
V.
to consider
29.
Њ
Њ
Vnpái
V.
to arrange
N.
arrangement
30.
ߺ۬
ߺ۬
xiVngxìn
V.
to believe, to be sure
31.
ᇅ๎
ᇅ๎
lèyì
V.
to be willing to
32.
ᒑق
ᒑق
cYngmíng
Adj.
smart
33.
ๆ
ๆ
nénggàn
Adj.
capable
34.
ନχ
ନχ
tiáojiàn
N.
qualifications
35.
Ѯᘹ
Ѯᘹ
dànyuàn
V.
to wish
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ਿΊ ਿΊ Proper Nouns igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ͬЃᆇ
ͬЃᆇ
Shb Rúybng
N.
(name) Ruying Shi
2.
ർҁ
ർҁ
ZhVng Huálì
N.
(name) Huali Zhang
ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns
V:! ѱ˚͞ސБΧቜဂʟฝĔ ! ѱ˚͞ސБΧቜဂʟฝĔ Nb búshì qùnián shWnqbng shíxí le ma?
W:! ࢺ੭ĕѱᘲཾӟʟӨԠФ͞ЙฝĔ ! ࢺ੭ĕѱᘲཾӟʟӨԠФ͞ЙฝĔ N`r a! Nb nándào wàngjìle wc méiyou qù chéng ma?
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V:! ჳჳĎᕏጣݩᅄᅸĔ ! ჳჳĎᕏጣݩᅄᅸĔ ShuYshuo kàn, ji`nlì zanmexia?
W:! ࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼ьˏࡌΧቜ ! ࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼ьˏࡌΧቜ ShcuxiVn, nb yào qXngchd zìjb yào shWnqbng
! ˧ᅄؒቴˎڟѰĎഓݣϔ ! ˧ᅄؒቴˎڟѰĎഓݣϔ shénme xìngzhì de gYngzuò, ránhòu zài
! ቡጌьˏڟᕏጣĄ ! ቡጌьˏڟᕏጣĄ tiáozhang zìjbde ji`nlì.
V:! ե౷ސჳĎΧቜˎڟѰ˚ϣĎ ! ե౷ސჳĎΧቜˎڟѰ˚ϣĎ Nà jiùshì shuY, shWnqbng de gYngzuò bùtóng,
! ᕏጣڟᅸٲʶࡌ˚ϣĎސฝĔ ! ᕏጣڟᅸٲʶࡌ˚ϣĎސฝĔ ji`nlìde xiaf` ya yào bùtóng, shì ma?
W:! ΓސЃЪĄ
! ΓސЃЪĄ Zhèngshì rúcb.
V:! ѱեᅄᒑقďๆĎନχեᅄЁĄ ! ѱեᅄᒑقďๆĎନχեᅄЁĄ
Nb nàme cYngmíng, nénggàn, tiáojiàn nàme h`o.
! ˚ጊ̖ĎѱʙסӲ֗ˎѰĄ ! ˚ጊ̖ĎѱʙסӲ֗ˎѰĄ
Búyòng dVnxXn, nb yídìng néng zh`odào gYngzuò.
W:! ѮᘹЃЪĄ
! ѮᘹЃЪĄ Dànyuàn rúcb.
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Let Me Help You Apply for an Internship ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
ͬЃᆇē!̈ޒደमڟ౷˛̖ФʙᒿࣴĎ˭ʟЃѤᅸᕏጣĎЃѤ ΧቜˎѰࠂڱؖՀΡĎݞФᐓ҅Ą ർҁē!վĎჳჳ1Ďᕏጣཎݩᅄ 1. ჳჳ)ჳჳ* ᅸĔˬБೂӨ๑Χቜ͞˴ ჳჳ)ჳჳ*: “Come on, tell me.” This ͧဂĄ is a very colloquial expression used to elicit comments. ͬЃᆇē!ѱ˚͞ސБΧቜʟฝĔ ർҁē!ࢺ੭2Ĕѱᘲཾӟʟ͞Б 2. ࢺ੭)ࢺ੭* ӨԠФ͞Й3ฝĔ౷ސϰߏӨ ࢺ੭)ࢺ੭*: an idiomatic expression ԠФӰᕏጣᅸЁĄ used to express disagreement with what was ͬЃᆇē!֏ဂᅸᕏጣ˚ቒᖕĄࡶϑĎѱ previously said. It is often used together with “˗˚ ”*ֹސ˚˗)ֹސto imply “what ࡌ଼ьˏ๑Χቜ˧ᅄؒቴ you just said is not true.” ˎڟѰĄഓݣĎळጃ˚ϣˎڟ ѰࡌԑቡጌьˏڟᕏጣĄ 3. ͞Й)͞Й* 4 ർҁē!ե౷ސჳ ΧቜˎڟѰ˚ϣĎ ͞Й)͞Й*: to succeed in going. V. ᕏጣڟᅸٲʶࡌ˚ϣĎސฝĔ Й)Й* is a verb resultative complement phrase used to mean “to succeed in doing ͬЃᆇē!ΓސЃЪ5Ąᅸᕏጣʙࠏࡌס (something).” Й)Й* means “to succeed in ͎ࡧᔈĄѱ͞Б˚ސᆺᅸ doing something.” ڟฝĔ ർҁē!ԠФĕ؏˚ુ͞БӨآ൘ʟĕӨʙ̀̀ࡌסϴӰᕏጣ ӽʙʮĄဇʟĎѱ˚ˬސБࣇ̈ʶΈ႗͞ဂڟฝĔ ͬЃᆇē!ڟސĎ͟ސӨᓙ˚ࢺཾڣղ˴ͧϵأ༒Ą ർҁē!ႩʰФݞϻ۬ऀĎѱ˚ཾڣฝĔӨˬଏ౷൝ѱവʙղ྆͞Ą ࢸĎᘲཾ࢈͂̈ޒԠФ൝ѱ࢈˭ႩমฝĔ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Let Me Help You Apply for an Internship ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
ͬЃᆇē!̈ޒደमڟ౷˛̖Фʙ ᒿࣴĎ˭ʟЃѤᅸᕏጣĎ! ЃѤΧቜˎѰࠂڱؖՀΡ ĎݞФᐓ҅Ą ർҁē!վĎჳჳ1Ďᕏጣཎݩᅄ ᅸĔˬБೂӨ๑Χቜ͞˴ ͧဂĄ ͬЃᆇē!ѱ˚͞ސБΧቜʟฝĔ ർҁē!ࢺ੭2Ĕѱᘲཾӟʟ͞Б ӨԠФ͞Й3ฝĔ౷ސϰߏӨ ԠФӰᕏጣᅸЁĄ ͬЃᆇē!֏ဂᅸᕏጣ˚ቒᖕĄࡶϑĎ! ѱࡌ଼ьˏ๑Χቜ˧ᅄؒ ቴˎڟѰĄഓݣĎळጃ˚ϣ ڟ4. ե౷ސჳ)ե౷ސჳ* ե౷ސჳ)ե౷ސჳ*: “Which is to say.” ˎѰࡌԑቡጌьˏڟᕏጣĄ One can also say “౷ސჳ)౷ސჳ*” ർҁē!ե౷ސჳ4ΧቜˎڟѰ˚ϣĎ or “ʶ౷ސჳ)ʶ౷ސჳ*”. ᕏጣڟᅸٲʶࡌ˚ϣĎސฝĔ ͬЃᆇē!ΓސЃЪ5Ąᅸᕏጣʙࠏࡌס 5. ΓސЃЪ)ΓސЃЪ* ͎ࡧᔈĄѱ͞Б˚ސᆺᅸ ΓސЃЪ)ΓސЃЪ*: “ЃЪ)ЃЪ*” is an expression meaning “ᆺ)ᆺ*” and ڟฝĔ ΓސЃЪ)ΓސЃЪ* means “exactly so” ർҁē!ԠФĕ؏˚ુ͞БӨآ൘ or “exactly like this.” ʟĕӨʙ̀̀ࡌסϴӰ ᕏጣӽʙʮĄဇʟĎѱ˚ސ ˬБࣇ̈ʶΈ႗͞ဂڟฝĔ ͬЃᆇē!ڟސĎ͟ސӨᓙ˚ࢺཾڣղ˴ͧϵأ༒Ą ർҁē!ႩʰФݞϻ۬ऀĎѱ˚ཾڣฝĔӨˬଏ౷൝ѱവʙղ྆͞Ą ࢸĎᘲཾ࢈͂̈ޒԠФ൝ѱ࢈˭ႩমฝĔ
Continued on page 551
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Let Me Help You Apply for an Internship ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અʄϛ̒ɊɄࠒ
ͬЃᆇē!˭ʟĄ͂࢈ჳӨ࢈̾͟ڢૃႩʰʮཷΧቜےिĎาЁ̾ ݣӰےिચ͎͞Ďʶ̾͟౷ϵႩʰาےΧቜĄ ർҁē!ဇĎӨ౷ސϵႩʰΧቜڟĄ ͬЃᆇē!ʮʙԏӨᓙᄯࡌಁ૰ᕨ۬Ą ർҁē!ѱᓙԠФӲ྆ฝĔࣼؐࡌᄂӤʟĎ࢈ڟढސФ ࡩڟĄ ͬЃᆇē!Өː༄уᆌЁʟĎລరЊʙʮĎ྆ಁ̈౷͞Ӳʙղ ʙĄӔଖ͂࢈ϣ๎ߏӨᅸ૰ᕨ۬Ą ർҁē!Өߺ۬͂࢈ʙסݞᇅ๎ᐓѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬ڟĄѱեᅄᒑقď ๆĎନχեᅄЁĄ˚ጊ̖Ą 6. ѮᘹЃЪ)ѮᘹЃЪ* ͬЃᆇē!ѮᘹЃЪ6Ą ѮᘹЃЪ)ѮᘹЃЪ*: “I wish it were true/ that were the case.”
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Let Me Help You Apply for an Internship ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અʄϛ̒ɊȾࠒ
ͬЃᆇē!˭ʟĄ͂࢈ჳӨ࢈̾͟ڢૃႩʰʮཷΧቜےिĎาЁ̾ ݣӰےिચ͎͞Ďʶ̾͟౷ϵႩʰาےΧቜĄ ർҁē!ဇĎӨ౷ސϵႩʰΧቜڟĄ ͬЃᆇē!ʮʙԏӨᓙᄯࡌಁ૰ᕨ۬Ą ർҁē!ѱᓙԠФӲ྆ฝĔࣼؐࡌᄂӤʟĎ࢈ڟढސФ ࡩڟĄ ͬЃᆇē!Өː༄уᆌЁʟĎລరЊʙʮĎ྆ಁ̈౷͞Ӳʙղ ʙĄӔଖ͂࢈ϣ๎ߏӨᅸ૰ᕨ۬Ą ർҁē!Өߺ۬͂࢈ʙסݞᇅ๎ᐓѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬ڟĄѱեᅄᒑقď ๆĎନχեᅄЁĄ˚ጊ̖Ą ͬЃᆇē!ѮᘹЃЪ6Ą
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. Rhetorical Questions A rhetorical question refers to a question asked to confirm something or to elicit more information. It generally takes the form of “˚//////ฝĔ)˚//////ฝĔ*”, “//////˚ސ//////ฝĔ)//////˚ސ//////ฝĔ*” or “//////)ᘲཾ*ԠФ//////ฝĔ! )//////)ᘲཾ*ԠФ//////ฝĔ*” It is usually translated as “isn’t it true that . . . ?” or “don’t (didn’t) you . . . ?” Examples:
ѱ˚͞ސБΧቜဂʟฝĔ ѱ˚͞ސБΧቜဂʟฝĔ Isn’t it true that you applied for an internship last year? (Didn’t you apply for an internship last year?)
͂˚ސː༄Ӳ֗ˎѰʟฝĔ ͂˚ސː༄Ӳ֗ˎѰʟฝĔ Isn’t it true that he has found a job? (Hasn’t he already found a job?)
ѱ˚ཾڣӨݞ̈ޒДฝĔ ѱ˚ཾڣӨݞ̈ޒДฝĔ Don’t you know that I was very busy yesterday?
͂ԠჳӨː༄୳ʟฝĔ ͂ԠჳӨː༄୳ʟฝĔ Didn’t he hear people say that I had already graduated?
ѱ)ᘲཾ*ԠФأ༒ႩমڟϴҭฝĔ ѱ)ᘲཾ*ԠФأ༒ႩমڟϴҭฝĔ Don’t you have a website address for job opportunities?
͂)ᘲཾ*̈ޒԠФ͞ᒿࣴฝĔ ͂)ᘲཾ*̈ޒԠФ͞ᒿࣴฝĔ Didn’t he go to the lecture yesterday?
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Notes: UÊ /
iÃiÊ`ÃÊvÊÀ
iÌÀV>ʵÕiÃÌÃÊ>ÀiÊÞÊÕÃi`ÊÜ
iÊÞÕÊÜ>ÌÊÌÊVwÀÊÜ
>ÌÊÞÕÊ think is true or you think you may need more information to prove you are right. UÊ ,
iÌÀV>ʵÕiÃÌÃÊ>ÀiÊÕÃÕ>ÞÊÕÃi`ÊvÀÊi«
>Ãð UÊ /
iÊi}>ÌÛiÊÜÀ`Ãʺ˚” or “ԠФ” are only used before the major verb of the question while “˚ ”ސis usually placed before what is emphasized. Examples:
͂͞ސ˚̈ޒʟฝĔ ͂͞ސ˚̈ޒʟฝĔ
Didn’t he GO yesterday? (emphasizing “͞”)
͂˚̈͞ޒސʟฝĔ ͂˚̈͞ޒސʟฝĔ
Didn’t he go YESTERDAY? (emphasizing “)”̈ޒ
˚ސѱҙටӨχձڟฝĔ ˚ސѱҙටӨχձڟฝĔ
Wasn’t it YOU who told me this? (emphasizing “ѱ”)
ѱʰ˿֗͂ސ˚ڟฝĔ ѱʰ˿֗͂ސ˚ڟฝĔ
Wasn’t it HE who you saw in the morning? (emphasizing “͂”) UÊ ÊëiÊ
iÃi]ÊÌ
iÊÜÀ`ÊÀÊiÝ«ÀiÃÃÊLi}Êi«
>Ãâi`ÊLÞʺ˚ ”ސshould be stressed. >> Try
it! With a partner, practice using rhetorical questions in short dialogues. For example,
! !
V:!ѱ̴ˉཾڣϵࢺฝĔ ! ѱ̴ˉཾڣϵࢺฝĔ
! !
W:! ͂ԠФѱϵʙਔฝĔ ! ͂ԠФѱϵʙਔฝĔ
! !
V:!ԠФ੭ĕ ! ԠФ੭ĕ
! !
W:! ᘲཾ͂ϱࣜʟฝĔ ! ᘲཾ͂ϱࣜʟฝĔ
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II. Words and Expressions Indicating Procedures As in English, there are special words and expressions in Chinese that are used to indicate procedures. The following are the expressions used most often. 1. 2.
3.
4.
)ࡶ*ϑ//////Ď)ഓ*ݣ//////Ďశݣ////// )ࡶ*ϑ//////Ď)ഓ*ݣ//////Ďశݣ////// ࡶϑ//////Ďഓݣ//////Ďʮ͞//////Ď ϔʮ͞//////Ďశݣ////// ࡶϑ//////Ďഓݣ//////Ďʮ͞//////Ď ϔʮ͞//////Ďశݣ////// ʙ//////Ďʠ//////Ďഓݣ//////Ď! ʮ͞//////Ďశݣ////// ʙ//////Ďʠ//////Ďഓݣ//////Ď! ʮ͞//////Ďశݣ////// ʙԏ//////Ďʠԏ0ʮʙԏ//////! ϔʮʙԏ//////Ďశݣ////// ʙԏ//////Ďʠԏ0ʮʙԏ//////! ϔʮʙԏ//////Ďశݣ//////
first (of all) . . . , and then . . . , finally . . . first of all . . . , then . . . , after that . . . , and after that . . . , and finally . . .
first . . . , second . . . , and then . . . , after that . . . , and finally . . .
the first step (is) . . . , the second step/the next step . . . , the next step . . . , and finally . . .
Examples:
ࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼ьˏФ˧ᅄନχĎഓݣϔቡጌᕏጣĄ ࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼ьˏФ˧ᅄନχĎഓݣϔቡጌᕏጣĄ ࡶϑĎѱࡌӲʙ˴ͧĎഓݣĎૃႩʰʟཌ˴ͧڟٷĎʮ͞Ďาے ΧቜĄ ࡶϑĎѱࡌӲʙ˴ͧĎഓݣĎૃႩʰʟཌ˴ͧڟٷĎʮ͞Ďาے ΧቜĄ ʙĎޥႩমĎʠĎᅸᕏጣĎʭĎӲᅸ૰ᕨ۬ĎഓݣӰےिચ ͎͞Ą ʙĎޥႩমĎʠĎᅸᕏጣĎʭĎӲᅸ૰ᕨ۬ĎഓݣӰےिચ ͎͞Ą ʙԏࡌʟཌဂڟጠĎʠԏ0ʮʙԏӰΧቜےาЁĎశݣӰےि ચ͎͞Ą ʙԏࡌʟཌဂڟጠĎʠԏ0ʮʙԏӰΧቜےาЁĎశݣӰےि ચ͎͞Ą
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Sometimes, when the order is not arranged based on time but on the degree of importance, the expressions ࡶϑ//////Ď֏Щ////// should be used meaning “firstly . . . , secondly . . . .” Example:
ࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼أ༒˴ͧᄯࡌ˧ᅄᆺڟʡĎ֏ЩĎુӰᕏጣᅸЁĄ ࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼أ༒˴ͧᄯࡌ˧ᅄᆺڟʡĎ֏ЩĎુӰᕏጣᅸЁĄ However, the difference between these expressions is not very distinct, and often they can be used interchangeably. >> Try
it! With a partner, practice using short dialogues to talk about procedures. Make sure that you use words and expressions indicating procedures, e.g. ࠖͱ, ԯω, etc. Take the following dialogue as an example,
A:
! !
! ΧቜˎѰࡌੈ˧ᅄĔ ! ΧቜˎѰࡌੈ˧ᅄĔ
!
B:
!
! ࡶϑĎѱࡌʰႩ͞Ӳᄯࡌأ༒ʡࢷͧ˴ڟĎഓݣĎӰᕏጣᅸЁĎ ϔӲ൝ѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬Ą ! ࡶϑĎѱࡌʰႩ͞Ӳᄯࡌأ༒ʡࢷͧ˴ڟĎഓݣĎӰᕏጣᅸЁĎ ϔӲ൝ѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬Ą
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
A Job Seminar ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
̈ޒʮ˿ደम౷˛̖˄ڟˁߏͲБڟደΡੈʟʙΧቜˎѰ ڟᒿࣴĄʮސЂᒿࣴ࣠˱ࡌ̺ڟē ϣደ࢈ЁĕᓙФʭ̢ѱ࢈౷ࡌ୳ ʟĄ୳̾ݣĎѱ࢈ࡌӲˎѰʟĄ ˬ̈ĎӨ൝ѱ࢈˭ʙʮЃѤᅸᕏጣĎ ЃѤΧቜˎѰڟԏĄ ʙԏĎѱ࢈ࡌӰᕏጣᅸЁĄᕏጣ ސѱ࢈ဇьˏ˭ڟĎЃَᅸુЁĎأ ༒ͧ˴ڟ౷ဇѱ๐፹ቸĎؚ̾ʙࡌס ӰᕏጣᅸЁĄեᅄĎЃѤᅸЁᕏጣֹĔ ࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼ϴཾڣѱ๑Χቜ˧ᅄᆺ ˎڟѰďьˏڟʨЃѤďФ˧ᅄЁڟ ନχĄഓݣĎࡌळጃ˚ϣˎڟѰؒቴቡ ጌѱڟᕏጣĄ ʠԏĎѱ࢈ࡌ̀ʟཌФࢺղ˴ͧϵأ༒ࢷˎĄղ۬ऀϵ Ⴉʰ֗ુޥĎӨ࢈ڟ౷˛̖ʶ̾͟൝ѱ࢈˭ʙղأ༒ႩমĄ ղႩমʰФݞϻ۬ऀĎʶФΧቜےिѱ࢈ʮཷĄ ਸ਼ʟᅸᕏጣďาʹ̾ےĎѱᓙᄯࡌФ૰ᕨ۬Ąࡌސѱڟ൝ ѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬ĎեސశЁ˚྆ڟĄ˚྆ĎቜўĎѱʙࡌסОʙᔈҙට ѱڟĎᆺ͂࢈˗Фઊڟढᐓѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬Ą ЁĎঢ˃ࣜЁོĎӲ֗ѱ࢈ᜍˎڟѰĄ Notes:
˄ˁ)˄ˁ* [njshì]: lady, madam ˱࣠)˱࣠* [nèiróng]: content ʨ)ʨ* [nénglì]: ability ʟཌ)ʟཌ* [li`ojia]: to know, understand ਸ਼ʟ//////̾ʹ)ਸ਼ʟ//////̾ʹ* [chúle . . . ybwài]: besides, except (for) ઊ)ઊ* [zúgòu]: enough
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
A Job Seminar ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
̈ޒʮ˿ደम౷˛̖˄ڟˁߏͲБڟደΡੈʟʙΧቜˎѰ ڟᒿࣴĄʮސЂᒿࣴ࣠˱ࡌ̺ڟē ϣደ࢈ЁĕᓙФʭ̢ѱ࢈౷ࡌ୳ʟĄ୳̾ݣĎѱ࢈ࡌӲ ˎѰʟĄˬ̈ĎӨ൝ѱ࢈˭ʙʮЃѤᅸᕏጣĎЃѤΧቜˎѰڟԏ Ą ʙԏĎѱ࢈ࡌӰᕏጣᅸЁĄᕏጣސѱ࢈ဇьˏ˭ڟĎЃَᅸ ુЁĎأ༒ͧ˴ڟ౷ဇѱ๐፹ቸĎؚ̾ʙࡌסӰᕏጣᅸЁĄեᅄĎ ЃѤᅸЁᕏጣֹĔࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼ϴཾڣѱ๑Χቜ˧ᅄᆺˎڟѰďь ˏڟʨЃѤďФ˧ᅄЁڟନχĄഓݣĎࡌळጃ˚ϣˎڟѰؒቴቡጌ ѱڟᕏጣĄ ʠԏĎѱ࢈ࡌ̀ʟཌФࢺղ˴ͧϵأ༒ࢷˎĄղ۬ऀϵ Ⴉʰ֗ુޥĎӨ࢈ڟ౷˛̖ʶ̾͟൝ѱ࢈˭ʙղأ༒ႩমĄ ղႩমʰФݞϻ۬ऀĎʶФΧቜےिѱ࢈ʮཷĄ ਸ਼ʟᅸᕏጣďาʹ̾ےĎѱᓙᄯࡌФ૰ᕨ۬Ąࡌސѱڟ൝ ѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬ĎեސశЁ˚྆ڟĄ˚྆ĎቜўĎѱʙࡌסОʙᔈҙට ѱڟĎᆺ͂࢈˗Фઊڟढᐓѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬Ą ЁĎঢ˃ࣜЁོĎӲ֗ѱ࢈ᜍˎڟѰĄ Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
͂࢈ϵ˧ᅄϴ̟Ĕੈ˧ᅄĔ͑ڟʡސቢĔ ͂࢈ϵ˧ᅄϴ̟Ĕੈ˧ᅄĔ͑ڟʡސቢĔ
2.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲērhetorical questions, words, and expressions indicating procedures.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲērhetorical questions, words, and expressions indicating procedures. 3.
ѱьˏڟབྷϔӰᒿࣴჳʙ྇Ą ѱьˏڟབྷϔӰᒿࣴჳʙ྇Ą
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY ҩɁᄯʨ ҩɁᄯʨ [qgrén y^uti[n] Meaning: A person in the State of Qi worries that the sky might fall. Usage: It is used to describe someone who has groundless worries or anxiety. Example: V:! قБӨ౷ࡌ୳ʟĎጊ̖Ӳ˚֗ˎѰĄ
!
! قБӨ౷ࡌ୳ʟĎጊ̖Ӳ˚֗ˎѰĄ W:! ѱѿņԉʡᆏ̈ŇʟĎѱڟନχեᅄЁĎʬᒑقʬๆĎ!
ʙסӲુ֗ˎѰڟĄ ! ѱѿņԉʡᆏ̈ŇʟĎѱڟନχեᅄЁĎʬᒑقʬๆĎ! ʙסӲુ֗ˎѰڟĄ Pay attention to the usages of rhetorical questions, words, and expressions indicating procedures.
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ݞʴݞʴ̾܉Ďϵ˛Фʙϴ̟ͩԉĄԉФʙʡĎ͂Ԑ ̈๔࠵ᒛڟĄ͂͂ੰ̄ىڟē!ņѱ୪ϵԐ̈ФϬФెڟĎѱᘲཾ ᓙ˚፹ฝĔ!Ň͂ჳ͂ጊ̖̈ำʮվĎϴఞʮ͞Ďؚ͂̾๑ࡌ ֗ѿڟϴ̟͞Ą͟ސ֗ࢺ͞ЁֹĔ͂ʶӲ˚֗ʙЁϴ̟Ď̾͟ ̖͂عϴўϵեĄ ̄ىʟ̾ݣĎ౷ҙට͂ē!ņѱᘲཾ˚̈ཾڣʰڪސॉฝĔ! ѱԐ̈ϵڪॉཇֳҜĎᘲཾڪॉʶำʮվฝĔ!Ň͂ʟ̾ݣ౷ ੰē!ņե౷ސჳĎ̈ސำ˚ʮվڟĄեᅄ̈ʰ̊ڟ෨ďַ̢۫ޑޑ ˚૬ʮվֹĔ!Ň̄ىჳē!ņࡶϑĎͺ࢈ᖔӨ࢈̊ᄉʟĎސ૬˚ʮվ ڟĄ֏ЩĎЃَޑޑ૬ʮվĎᓙԠ֗Ө࢈Ďͺ౷Ӈϒ॑Ͷ ʟĎѱጊ̖˧ᅄֹĔ!Ň Ѯ͂ސᓙ̖ع˚ސĎʬੰē!ņեᅄϴఞʮ͞ݩᅄᎲֹĔ!Ň͂̄ىڟ ჳē!ņѱᘲཾԠФՎϴʰސ٫ˀַίᏞฝĔѱ˚ސԐ̈ϵʰ ՖฝĔϴݩᅄఞʮֹ͞Ĕ!Ň ͂ʟڟ̄ىབྷ̾ݣĎ̀ϴ๑ʟ๑ĎᚈુݞဇĎʶ౷˚ϔጊ̖ ʟĄ ވձҙටӨ࢈ढ˚ࡌԠФळጃϴጊ̖ᆏ๔Ą
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ݞʴݞʴ̾܉Ďϵ˛Фʙϴ̟ͩԉĄԉФʙʡĎ͂Ԑ ̈๔࠵ᒛڟĄ͂͂ੰ̄ىڟē!ņѱ୪ϵԐ̈ФϬФెڟĎѱᘲཾ ᓙ˚፹ฝĔ!Ň͂ჳ͂ጊ̖̈ำʮվĎϴఞʮ͞Ďؚ͂̾๑ࡌ ֗ѿڟϴ̟͞Ą͟ސ֗ࢺ͞ЁֹĔ͂ʶӲ˚֗ʙЁϴ̟Ď̾͟ ̖͂عϴўϵեĄ ̄ىʟ̾ݣĎ౷ҙට͂ē!ņѱᘲཾ˚̈ཾڣʰڪސॉฝĔ! ѱԐ̈ϵڪॉཇֳҜĎᘲཾڪॉʶำʮվฝĔ!Ň͂ʟ̾ݣ౷ ੰē!ņե౷ސჳĎ̈ސำ˚ʮվڟĄեᅄ̈ʰ̊ڟ෨ďַ̢۫ޑޑ ˚૬ʮվֹĔ!Ň̄ىჳē!ņࡶϑĎͺ࢈ᖔӨ࢈̊ᄉʟĎސ૬˚ʮվ ڟĄ֏ЩĎЃَޑޑ૬ʮվĎᓙԠ֗Ө࢈Ďͺ౷Ӈϒ॑Ͷ ʟĎѱጊ̖˧ᅄֹĔ!Ň Ѯ͂ސᓙ̖ع˚ސĎʬੰē!ņեᅄϴఞʮ͞ݩᅄᎲֹĔ!Ň͂̄ىڟ ჳē!ņѱᘲཾԠФՎϴʰސ٫ˀַίᏞฝĔѱ˚ސԐ̈ϵʰ ՖฝĔϴݩᅄఞʮֹ͞Ĕ!Ň ͂ʟڟ̄ىབྷ̾ݣĎ̀ϴ๑ʟ๑ĎᚈુݞဇĎʶ౷˚ϔጊ̖ ʟĄ ވձҙටӨ࢈ढ˚ࡌԠФळጃϴጊ̖ᆏ๔Ą
Notes:
ԉ)ԉ* [Qbguó]: the State of Qi in ancient China
๔࠵ᒛ)๔࠵ᒛ* [chóuméi kdli`n]: to pull a long face due to worries ำ)ำ* [tV]: to fall down ఞ)ఞ* [xiàn]: to sink ڪॉ)ڪॉ* [kYngqì]: air ֳҜ)ֳҜ* [hZxX]: to breathe ̊෨)̊෨* [tàiyáng]: the sun
̢۫)̢۫* [yuèliang]: the moon [ *ޑޑ)ޑޑxXngxing]: the stars ૬)૬* [diào]: to fall ॑Ͷ)॑Ͷ* [xiVoshX]: to disappear ٫ˀ)٫ˀ* [nítd]: earth, clay ίᏞ)ίᏞ* [shítou]: stone ळጃ)ळጃ* [gWnjù]: foundation, ground, basis
ᆏ๔)ᆏ๔* [yYuchóu]: to be worried
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Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲērhetorical questionsņᘲཾ˚)ސԠФ*//////ฝĔ!Ň Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲērhetorical questionsņᘲཾ˚)ސԠФ*//////ฝĔ!Ň
ԉڟʡߏ˧ᅄԐ̈๔࠵ᒛڟĔ ! ԉڟʡߏ˧ᅄԐ̈๔࠵ᒛڟĔ 2.
ቜņԉʡᆏ̈Ňఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņԉʡᆏ̈Ňڟս˅Ą ! ቜņԉʡᆏ̈Ňఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņԉʡᆏ̈Ňڟս˅Ą 3.
ވձҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ ! ވձҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ 4.
ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 17-1 Listen to the passage and then work with your partner to complete the exercises below: Notes:
ԏ)ԏ* [bùzhòu]: step, procedure ͪʹ)ͪʹ* [lìngwài]: in addition ᒂ႗)ᒂ႗* [zcngsuàn]: finally, eventually ϱࡱ)ϱࡱ* [huíyXn]: reply, response ̖๑ձЙ)̖๑ձЙ* [xXnxi`ngshìchéng]: every wish comes true 1. Read each of the following statements. Mark a “a” if it is correct, and an “w” if it is incorrect. When completed, check with your partner. a.
ϔ྆ಁ̢Ө౷ࡌૃࠂՀΡ୳ʟĄ ϔ྆ಁ̢Ө౷ࡌૃࠂՀΡ୳ʟĄ
b.
ΧቜࠂՀΡڟԏݞቒᖕĎʶۆݞढĄ ΧቜࠂՀΡڟԏݞቒᖕĎʶۆݞढĄ
c.
ϰߏӨڟᕏጣԠФࠏ͎ࡧᔈĎؚ̾ӨӰᕏጣӽʟЁಁЩĄ ϰߏӨڟᕏጣԠФࠏ͎ࡧᔈĎؚ̾ӨӰᕏጣӽʟЁಁЩĄ
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d.
Өڟʙ˗̈ޒ֗ڢҙටӨ͂࢈ݞДĎԠФढᐓӨᅸ ૰ᕨ۬Ą Өڟʙ˗̈ޒ֗ڢҙටӨ͂࢈ݞДĎԠФढᐓӨᅸ ૰ᕨ۬Ą
e.
ӨڟԸݞ̄ىጊ̖ӨΧቜ˚֗ࠂՀΡĄ ӨڟԸݞ̄ىጊ̖ӨΧቜ˚֗ࠂՀΡĄ
2. Form groups. Retell the paragraph in your own words.
II. Character Exercises 17-2 Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
ᖕ ᖕ
ԑ ԑ
ቒᖕ ቒᖕ
ࡌԑ ࡌԑ
˚ቒᖕ ˚ቒᖕ
ˎѰࡌԑ ˎѰࡌԑ
˚̊ቒᖕ ˚̊ቒᖕ
˚ϣˎڟѰࡌԑ ˚ϣˎڟѰࡌԑ
ᅸᕏጣ˚̊ቒᖕ ᅸᕏጣ˚̊ቒᖕ
˴ͧФ˚ϣˎڟѰࡌԑ ˴ͧФ˚ϣˎڟѰࡌԑ
֏ဂᅸᕏጣ˚̊ቒᖕ ֏ဂᅸᕏጣ˚̊ቒᖕ
˚ϣͧ˴ڟФ˚ϣˎڟѰࡌԑ ˚ϣͧ˴ڟФ˚ϣˎڟѰࡌԑ
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
Й Й
2.
ጣ ጣ
3.
଼ ଼
4.
ࠏ ࠏ
5.
أ أ
6.
ࡶ ࡶ
7.
8.
ᆌ ᆌ
9.
ᕨ ᕨ
10.
༒ ༒
11.
ᒑ ᒑ
12.
ᘹ ᘹ
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17-3 Read aloud the following paragraph. Write the traditional character form of the underlined characters. Then check your answers with a partner.
̈ޒʮ˿౷˛̖ڟᒿࣴ˚ݞᎿĎӨ࢈ʟཌʟݞϻ۬ऀĄӨΓϵΧ ቜဂĎݞؚ̾๑ݩཾڣᅄᅸᕏጣĎӲ۬ऀĎݩᅄϵႩʰาےĎڢ വ͎͞ĄӨᓙࡌӲᅸ૰ᕨ۬ĄӨуᆌʟʙʮĎ๑Ӳ̴൝ ӨᅸĎ͟ސФढӨФղጊ̖Ďؐ͂˚ϣ๎Ą˚྆ӨᚈુӨڟନχ ᓙ˚ᎿĎ͂͟˚آ൘ӨڟĄ 1. ________
2. ________
3. ________
4. ________
5. ________
6. ________
7. ________
8. ________
9. ________
10. ________
11. ________
12. ________
13. ________
14. ________
15. ________
17-4 Each of the following pairs consists of homophones. Work in pairs to write out the Pinyin, with tones, and make as many phrases as you can with the following words. Homophones: Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
ᆌ)ᆌ* [ll] Ⴆ)Ⴆ* [ll]
уᆌ)уᆌ* Ⴆ৯)Ⴆ৯*
ନ)ନ* [ ቡ)ቡ* [
] ________________________________________________
ጣ)ጣ* [ ҁ)ҁ* [
] ________________________________________________
)* [ ळ)ळ* [
] ________________________________________________
ጃ)ጃ* [ ᅑ)ᅑ* [
] ________________________________________________
] ________________________________________________
] ________________________________________________
] ________________________________________________
] ________________________________________________
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17-5 Work with a partner. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate verb that goes with “Й” to indicate “succeed in doing something.” 1.
ʰޑೈڟᒿࣴѱ ______ ЙʟฝĔ ʰޑೈڟᒿࣴѱ ______ ЙʟฝĔ
2.
ڟ̈ޒ୨ᓉѱ ______ ЙʟฝĔ ڟ̈ޒ୨ᓉѱ ______ ЙʟฝĔ
3.
ѱڟᕏጣ ______ ЙʟฝĔ ѱڟᕏጣ ______ ЙʟฝĔ
4.
͞Бࣇ̈ڟೂೈ˛̜ॲѱ ______ ЙʟฝĔ ͞Бࣇ̈ڟೂೈ˛̜ॲѱ ______ ЙʟฝĔ
III. Grammar Exercises 17-6 Two months ago ർશ)ർશ* and his girlfriend ˉࠛ decided to participate in a summer Chinese program in Beijing. But suddenly, ˉࠛ told ർશ)ർશ* that she wanted to change the plans. ർશ)ർશ* is confused and asks her questions to clarify the situation. Work in pairs to act out this question-answer exercise based on the clues given below. Use rhetorical questions. Example: What 1.
ˉࠛ wants to do
ԚסΧቜ͞˴ͧဂ ԚסΧቜ͞˴ͧဂ
Your questions to her 1.
Why ˉࠛ wants to do the things mentioned above 1. You told her several times that her major requires that she participate in an internship.
ѱ˚ސԚ͕͞סյڟೂೈॲደ˛̜ฝĔ ѱ˚ސԚ͕͞סյڟೂೈॲደ˛̜ฝĔ Her questions to you
1.
ѱ˚ސҙටӨಁЩĎѱڟટᄯࡌѱ ͞ဂฝĔ ѱ˚ސҙටӨಁЩĎѱڟટᄯࡌѱ ͞ဂฝĔ
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Do the same with these new clues. What
ˉࠛ wants to do
Your questions to her
ቜѱҙටЂݩᅄΧቜဂ ቜѱҙටЂݩᅄΧቜဂ 2. ЂᓙԠФᅸᕏጣ ЂᓙԠФᅸᕏጣ 3. ЂԠФأ༒۬ऀ ЂԠФأ༒۬ऀ
1.
4.
Ӳࢺᅸ૰ᕨ۬ Ӳࢺᅸ૰ᕨ۬
Why ˉࠛ wants to do the things mentioned above 1. She told you two weeks ago that she was too busy to go to the lecture at the Career Center. 2. She showed you her résumé last week and you did not think it was good enough. 3. You knew she did not have time to browse the web. 4. She thinks the professors are all very busy.
Her questions to you
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17-7 Work with your partner. The following is a checklist provided by the career center at your university about the specific procedures to go through when applying for a job or a graduate program. Take this as a reference and explain to your friends the procedures for the application. Please use words and expressions for the procedures.
ΧቜˎѰؖደमᄯࡌੈڟձ )ΧቜˎѰؖደमᄯࡌੈڟձ* 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
ϵႩʰͧ˴ޥ0ደम)ऀ۬ڟϵႩʰͧ˴ޥ0ደम*ऀ۬ڟ Ԛͧ˴ࢺ͞ס0ደम)Ԛͧ˴ࢺ͞ס0ደम* ᅸᕏጣ)ᅸᕏጣ* Ӳᅸ૰ᕨ۬)Ӳᅸ૰ᕨ۬* ૃႩʰʮཷےि)ૃႩʰʮཷےि* า)ےา*ے Ӱےिവ͎͞)Ӱےिവ͎͞*
IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ɍտ۹ұᓻɁᅕɐʠ ɍտ۹ұᓻɁᅕɐʠ Number of People Seeking Jobs Rises in the Third Quarter
ᒅЅē
ʭݙןԑᕛʡᆵʰ̀ ʡձఋവѷʭݙןԑᕛͿ۬ऀĄ۬ऀΰĎჄʠ̨ߺݙןĎ أ༒ᕛѝʮ3%Ďԑᕛഴʡᆵʰ̀2.8%Ąʭأݙן༒ᕛѝჄ ԑᕛഴʡᆵ̨ߏ1 : 2.19Ą
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ᕏЅē
ʭݙןԑᕛʡᆵʰ̀ ʡձఋവѷʭݙןԑᕛͿ۬ऀĄ۬ऀΰĎჄʠ̨ߺݙןĎ أ༒ᕛѝʮ3%Ďԑᕛഴʡᆵʰ̀2.8%Ąʭأݙן༒ᕛѝჄ ԑᕛഴʡᆵ̨ߏ1 : 2.19Ą
Notes:
[ *ݙן)ݙןjìdù]: season, quarter (of years) ԑᕛ)ԑᕛ* [qiúzhí]: to seek jobs ʰ̀)ʰ̀* [shàngshWng]: to rise ʡձఋ)ʡձఋ* [rénshìbù]: human resources department വѷ)വѷ* [fVbù]: to release, announce Ϳ)Ϳ* [shìch`ng]: market ΰ)ΰ* [xi`nshì]: to show Ⴤ//////ߺ̨)Ⴤ//////ߺ̨* [yd . . . xiVngbb]: to compare with أ༒)أ༒* [zhVopìn]: to invite applications for a job ᕛѝ)ᕛѝ* [zhíwèi]: position ʮ)ʮ* [xiàjiàng]: to decline ഴ)ഴ* [dWngjì]: to register Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. Find the abbreviations and omissions usages (e.g. when subject, object, or conjunctions are omitted in the sentences) in the article. 2. Can you find any written expressions? What are their spoken counterparts )e.g. ߺ̨)Ⴤ//////ߺ̨*; Ⴤ)Ⴤ*; ߏ)ߏ** 3. Use your own words to retell the headline and article.
Ⴤ//////
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V. Communicative Activities 17-8 Work in groups. Two of you are in your junior year and are preparing to apply for a summer internship. You have invited a senior to come and tell you about his/her experience applying for jobs. The senior has worked as an intern at two companies and has now found a job. Let him/her introduce the procedures first, and then start the question-and-answer session. Please use the following patterns, words, and expressions. 1. Rhetorical questions.
Й pattern. ЃѤĎэ̍ĎԏĎуᆌĎࡶϑĎࡌԑĎନχĎϣ๎ĎʨĎ ဇ/////๐፹ቸĎ//////آ൘ ЃѤĎэ̍ĎԏĎуᆌĎࡶϑĎࡌԑĎନχĎϣ๎ĎʨĎ ဇ/////๐፹ቸĎ//////آ൘
2. V. 3.
17-9 Pair work: you are now talking with your professor about your intention to apply for a master’s degree program in your field. You ask him/her questions regarding the application and the professor explains to you how to proceed. Use the following as clues. 1. 2. 3. 4.
You are graduating in a few months. You want to continue your studies in a master’s program. You ask your professor about the procedures to apply for the program. You ask your professor about his willingness to write a recommendation letter for you. 5. You promise you will let him know the results of your application.
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ɻਝɣነ́ؿˮਝᆅ ɻਝɣነ́ؿˮਝᆅ The Surge in Chinese Students Studying Overseas Over a century ago, inspired by of the Chinese government made Do you know… the industrial advancement of it possible for this to happen, and s WHEN#HINAENTERED ITSSECONDSURGEOF Western countries, many Chinese as a result the number of students STUDENTSSTUDYING students went overseas to study. going overseas increased greatly ABROAD Today another ͎ᇥ)͎ during the 1980s and 1990s. s WHICHCOUNTRIES #HINESESTUDENTS [chZguórè] (surge of studying According to statistics compiled ᇥ* PREFERTOGO abroad) is developing among by ᒒϫࠋ̜ᕑ! s WHICHTRADITIONAL #HINESEVALUESHAVE university students in China. The )ᒒϫࠋ̜ᕑ* DRIVENTHISTREND reasons for studying abroad are [Liánhéguó JiàokWwén ZdzhX] Read and find out! threefold: (1) students hope it will (the UN Educational, Scientific give them a competitive edge for and Cultural Organization), securing a better job in China; China is the world’s largest (2) ambitious students are attracted by the source of international students. In 2002, advanced technology, research atmosphere, it was estimated that more than 460,000 and educational conditions in the United Chinese students were studying in at least States and other developed countries; and 103 countries and regions throughout the (3) some less academically competitive highworld. school students see international study as a The United States has been the favorite way to continue their studies without the destination for Chinese students since the pressure of the Chinese national college early 1980s. With the improvement in entrance exam. China’s relations with other countries, After decades of isolation from the however, recent years have witnessed a trend outside world following the founding of the of students going to Japan, Australia, People’s Republic in 1949, China started to Canada, various European countries, and open its doors again at the end of the 1970s. other developed nations. In 2002 alone, The sharp contrast between China and more the number of Chinese students in Great developed countries motivated the younger Britain increased by 70 percent, and by generation in China to go abroad to pursue 50 percent in Australia and Canada. higher education and work, thereby creating Countries such as Germany and France, opportunities for a better future in China or which have comparatively low educational elsewhere. The more open and lenient policy and living expenses, are attractive to Chinese 568
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students from 中等家庭 [zhdngdlng jiatíng] (middle-class families). Other recently popular countries include Russia, South Africa, Italy, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, and South Korea.
Given the Chinese respect for education and the willingness of many parents to make sacrifices in order to support their children’s study overseas programs, the trend is expected to continue.
The average age of Chinese students going abroad to study has got younger. In your country, at what age do students typically study abroad?
In China, there are many agencies helping overseas students. Are there such agencies in your country? What kind of services do they offer?
問題討論 (問題討論) Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. 為什麼中國的大學生想出國留學？你呢？你也想出國留學嗎？ 為什麼中國的大學生想出國留學？你呢？你也想出國留學嗎？ Why do Chinese college students want to study abroad? What about you? Do you also hope to study abroad? 2. 你知道中國的大學生出國留學要過幾道關嗎？ 你知道中國的大學生出國留學要過幾道關嗎？ Do you know how many obstacles a Chinese college student needs to overcome in order to study abroad?
道(道) [dào] (measure word for obstacles) 關(關) [guan] obstacles 過關(過關) [guòguan] to pass/overcome obstacles 3. 在你的國家，出國留學能幫助你找到更好的工作嗎？ 在你的國家，出國留學能幫助你找到更好的工作嗎？ Will study abroad enhance your job opportunities in your home country?
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መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE ձࢍరĎٍ̤ͫࡳĄ ձࢍరĎٍ̤ͫࡳĄ Everything is ready except for what is crucial.
! !
wàn
shì
jù
bèi
zhb
qiàn
dYng
fWng
! !
ձ! ձ!
ࢍ! ࢍ!
ర! ర!
ͫ! ͫ!
̤! ̤!
ٍ! ٍ!
ࡳ ࡳ
ten thousand
things
all
ready
only
missing
east
wind
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. Have you ever been in a situation like this? Give some examples. 2. Do you know a saying with the same or a similar meaning in your culture or another culture?
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Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! Ɂᓯዃ Ɂᓯዃ Résumé/Curriculum Vitae (C.V.)
ᓙФ֍̢ˉࠛ౷ࡌ୳ʟĄЂː༄ӰЂڟᕏጣᅸЁʟĎ͟ސЂ˚ڣ ཾЂڟᕏጣᅸુЁ˚ЁĄቜѱᐓЂʙĄѱʟЂڟᕏጣ̾ݣĎ ࠼ჭϱൎʮੰڟᖠฝĔ ᓙФ֍̢ˉࠛ౷ࡌ୳ʟĄЂː༄ӰЂڟᕏጣᅸЁʟĎ͟ސЂ˚ڣ ཾЂڟᕏጣᅸુЁ˚ЁĄቜѱᐓЂʙĄѱʟЂڟᕏጣ̾ݣĎ ࠼ჭϱൎʮੰڟᖠฝĔ
ଓพ́Ɂᓯዃ շΊēˉࠛ
ֲПē˄!
ઠө߇ౡē!2007 α 9 ˂– 2011 α 7 ˂! ᆄЎ୩ˎ˃ደ
ˮ́α˂ē!1988 α 3 ˂ 3 ˀ ਿพēό႓୩
ڌΔэēᆄٍ߸ᆄЎͿ˛ˌʙ10༴ ൯ᇁē!513426 ᐲӡཋē020-78645321
ଫ৽ఖՓē!00810-0293857
ұᓻ෮Ήē! ੦̜ফ
Ҍॶᐢ ߜႍˋ̡
ᇣማϴїďჳďďᅸĎ྆ࣜ࠼ჭͲ! уཐĎዾᆥᅸַϱಈ࠼̜੦۬֒Ą
့߮ዀˋ̡
ᇣႩַྫ˅੦ਜ਼ĎᇣማϴጇѰࡎ႗ጠĄ
ྡྷୌዃᐢ
2009!Б! 7!̢– 9!̢ēᆄЎႩমྫ˅੦ਜ਼ဂĄ̺ࡌˎѰ
ސϵˣᒒႩʰޥኧ˱̾̅ʹڟཥਉĎეďጌ୩ ˛࠼̜ཥटĎᕚᚍ࠼̜ཥटĄ
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Notes:
ʡ)ʡ* [gèrén]: personal ؒѿ)ؒѿ* [xìngbié]: gender ࠧು)ࠧು* [bèijbng]: background ୩ˎ)୩ˎ* [lbgYng]: science and technology ό႓୩)ό႓୩* [qbyè gu`nlb]: business management ۬ϴҭ)۬ϴҭ* [tYngxìn dìzhb]: contact address ᒒ)۽ᒒ[ *۽liánxì]: to keep in contact with ֳ)ֳ* [yídòng xúnhZ]: mobile & pager ๎ϩ)๎ϩ* [yìxiàng]: intention ̜ফ)̜ফ* [wénmì]: secretary Ӭᒂൖ)Ӭᒂൖ* [jìnéng zcngjié]: skills summary ̫)̫* [shubpíng]: level ᇣማ)ᇣማ* [shúliàn]: skillfully ྆)྆* [tYngguò]: to pass ዾ)ዾ[ *shàncháng]: to be good at ᆥᅸ)ᆥᅸ* [zhuànxia]: to compose, write ϱಈ)ϱಈ* [huífù]: to reply ۬֒)۬֒* [xìnhán]: letters ጇѰ)ጇѰ* [cVozuò]: to operate ˣᒒႩ)ˣᒒႩ* [hùliánw`ng]: the Internet, WWW )* [sYují]: to collect ጌ୩)ጌ୩* [zhanglb]: to sort ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. 2. 3. 4.
ˉࠛ˧ૃސᅄ˃ደ୳ڟĔЂڟટ˧ސᅄĔ ˉࠛ˧ૃސᅄ˃ደ୳ڟĔЂڟટ˧ސᅄĔ Ђ࠼ڟჭ̫ݩᅄᆺĔЂ࠼ჭੈ˧ᅄĔ Ђ࠼ڟჭ̫ݩᅄᆺĔЂ࠼ჭੈ˧ᅄĔ Ђྫ༞ฝĔЂྫڟ༞̫ݩᅄᆺĔ Ђྫ༞ฝĔЂྫڟ༞̫ݩᅄᆺĔ Ђੈ྆˧ᅄဂˎѰĔ Ђੈ྆˧ᅄဂˎѰĔ
ɊɄᇾ ɊɄᇾ L E S S O N
ࠍᇹ ࠍᇹ
The Interview
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. What do you know about the job market in your country? 2. Have you had any experience looking for a job? If so, share some of your thoughts on preparing for a job interview. Group interviews are common in China.
ઠነ͌ᅟ ઠነ͌ᅟ OBJECTIVES ®
Market oneself for a job interview
®
Participate in a job interview
®
Review conjunctions
®
Express approximation
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́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ࢷˎ
ࢷˎ
yuángYng
2.
;͡
;͡
zucyòu
3.
̺ψ
̺ψ
zhdrèn
N.
director
4.
ደѝ
ደѝ
xuéwèi
N.
academic degree
5.
੦ਜ਼
੦ਜ਼
shVngwù
N.
business
6.
ࠋደ
ࠋደ
kWxué
N.
science
7.
̢ϋ
̢ϋ
yuèfèn
N.
(a certain) month
8.
ૃ੦
ૃ੦
cóngshVng
V.
to engage in business
9.
ᆇᛪ
ᆇᛪ
ybngxi`ng
V.
to influence
N.
influence
N.
employee more or less
10.
ʟཌ
ʟཌ
li`ojia
V.
to know, understand
11.
ܘཚ
ܘཚ
zXxún
V.
to consult
N.
consultation
12.
വ
വ
kVifV
V.
to develop
13.
௺χ
௺χ
ru`njiàn
N.
software
14.
Ӭ
Ӭ
jìshù
N.
technology
15.
ಪռ
ಪռ
tígYng
V.
to provide
16.
˃ු
˃ු
dàliàng
N.
large quantity
17.
ዑ႓
ዑ႓
jbngu`n
Conj.
although
18.
ʰͿ
ʰͿ
shàngshì
V.
to go public, to list on the market
Lesson 18
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
®
The Interview
e^cn^c
19.
ਜ਼
ਜ਼
yèwù
N.
business
20.
ࣤ
ࣤ
kVizh`n
V.
to carry on
21.
ਸ਼ʟ//////! ਸ਼ʟ//////! ̾ʹ ̾ʹ
chúle . . . ybwài
Conj.
besides, except (for)
22.
̺
̺
zhdxiZ
N.
major
23.
ટ
ટ
zhuVnyè
N.
major subject
24.
ਖ਼
ਖ਼
fùxiZ
N.
minor
25.
ү
ү
píngjZn
Adj.
average
26.
Йᑼ
Йᑼ
chéngjì/chéngjX
N.
grade, score, result, success
27.
ೆ༄
ೆ༄
céngjXng
Adv.
once
28.
ᇩ
ᇩ
jiVji`ng
V.
to award
N.
award
29.
ጊψ
ጊψ
dVnrèn
V.
to take the position of
30.
ደΡ
ደΡ
xuéshWnghuì
N.
student committee
31.
ࣰ̺
ࣰ̺
zhdxí
N.
chairman
32.
ᕑ
ᕑ
zdzhX
V.
to organize
N.
organization
Adv.
all, every
33.
ʳސ
ʳސ
fánshì
34.
˞ʙ
˞ʙ
zhXyX
35.
ά
ά
xiàngmù
N.
project (a project is called ࡎഫ)ࡎ࿒* in Taiwan)
36.
ባ̜
ባ̜
lùnwén
N.
research paper, thesis
37.
͎࣯
͎࣯
chZchVi
V.O.
to go on a business trip
38.
ࢺؐ
ࢺؐ
n`pà
Conj.
even if
one of
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ਿΊ ਿΊ Proper Nouns
1.
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
̜Ѓർ
̜Ѓർ
e^cn^c
Wén Rúhuá
N.
(name) Ruhua Wen
ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns V:! ӨˬБˤ̢ϋ୳ĎᓙФ࣯˚ϻʙ̢;͡Ą ! ӨˬБˤ̢ϋ୳ĎᓙФ࣯˚ϻʙ̢;͡Ą
Wc jXnnián wdyuèfèn bìyè, hái ycu chàbuduY yíge yuè zucyòu.
W:! Ө࢈୪ϵˎࢷڟФʭл;͡Ą
! Ө࢈୪ϵˎࢷڟФʭл;͡Ą
Wcmen xiànzài de yuángYng ycu sVnb`ige zucyòu.
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V:! Өཾڣѱ࢈ސʙࣜʰͿ˴ͧĄ
! Өཾڣѱ࢈ސʙࣜʰͿ˴ͧĄ
Wc zhXdào nbmen shì yìjiV shàngshì gYngsX.
W:! ԠᎿĎዑ႓Ө࢈͞Б˗ז ! ԠᎿĎዑ႓Ө࢈͞Б˗ז Méicuò, jbngu`n wcmen qùnián cái kVishb
! ʰͿĎ͟ސਜ਼വࣤુݞӤĄ ! ʰͿĎ͟ސਜ਼വࣤુݞӤĄ
shàngshì, kashì yèwù fVzh`n de hankuài.
Өᕑ྆ݞϻ߀Ďʳސደम߀ࡌࡧڟĎӨސᕑʡ˞ʙĄ Өᕑ྆ݞϻ߀Ďʳސደम߀ࡌࡧڟĎӨސᕑʡ˞ʙĄ
Wc zdzhX guo handuY huódòng, fánshì xuéxiào de zhòngyào huódòng, wc dYushì zdzhXrén zhX yX.
V:! ϋˎѰࡌલલ͎࣯Ą
! ϋˎѰࡌલલ͎࣯Ą
Zhèfèn gYngzuò yào chángcháng chZchVi.
W:! եӨސԑ˞˚ુҢĄࢺؐࡌ̈̈
! եӨސԑ˞˚ુҢĄࢺؐࡌ̈̈
Nà wc shì qiúzhXbùdé ya. N` pà yào tiVntiVn
! ϵʹՖĎӨʶݞ፹Ą ! ϵʹՖĎӨʶݞ፹Ą
zài wàimiàn zcu, wc ya huì han gVoxìng.
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: “Why Are You Interested in This Job?” ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
ఙ̺ψē!̜ˉהĎѱЁĄݞ፹ѱဇӨ࢈˴ͧ๐፹ቸĄ ̜Ѓർē!ૌЁĎఙ̺ψĄᓂᓂૌ൝Ө 1. ᖖደѝ)ᖖደѝ* ጠĄ ᖖደѝ)ᖖደѝ*: a double major. We ఙ̺ψē!ӨʟѱڟᕏጣĎѱФᖖደ already know that ᖖ)ᖖ* can be used as 1 a measure word for pairs, such as shoes, ѝ Ďྫ˅੦ਜ਼ַࡎ႗ጠࠋ socks, hands, eyes, etc. It can also be used ደĎˬБ୳ĎސฝĔ as a numeral to mean “double” or “both,” ̜Ѓർē!ڟސĄӨˬБˤ̢ϋ୳Ďᓙ e.g., “ᖖደѝ)ᖖደѝ*” and “ᖖ̟)ᖖ̟*.” Ф࣯˚ϻʙ̢;͡Ą 2. ဇ//////!๐፹ቸ)ဇ//////!๐፹ቸ* ఙ̺ψē!ѱߏ˧ᅄဇ੦ደ๐፹ቸ2ֹĔ ဇ//////๐፹ቸ)ဇ//////๐፹ቸ*: “to be 3 interested in . . . .” The object of “ဇ)ဇ*” ̜Ѓർē!ϰߏӨૃސڍڍ੦ ڟĎ֧ڍ can be either people or things. We may also ڟڍᆇᛪĎؚ̾Өૃˉ౷ဇ use “ဇ//////Ф፹ቸ)ဇ//////Ф፹ቸ*,” ੦๐፹ቸĄ e.g., i) Өဇ͂אאФ፹ቸĄ)Өဇ͂א אФ፹ቸĄ* ii) Өဇ˛̜๐፹ቸĄ! ఙ̺ψē!˚ჳʙჳѱߏ˧ᅄ๑վ )Өဇ˛̜๐፹ቸĄ* Ө࢈˴ͧˎѰĔ ̜Ѓർē!Өޥʟʙʮѱ࢈˴ͧڟႩ 3. ૃ੦)ૃ੦* মĎʟཌ֗ѱ࢈ސʙࣜྫ༞ “ૃ)ૃ*” here is used as a verb to mean ૃձ)ૃձ* (to be engaged in), e.g., ܘཚ˴ͧĄѱ࢈˚Ѯьˏ “ૃ੦)ૃ੦*” (to be engaged in business), വ௺χӬĎф̸ᓙಪռ˃ “ૃࡖ)ૃࡖ*” [cóngjZn] (to be engaged ුܘڟཚوਜ਼Ą in military service), and “ૃ”*އૃ)އ [cóngzhèng] (to be engaged in politics). ఙ̺ψē!ڟސĄӨ࢈˴ͧዑ႓ͫФ˲ БڟጣͬĎ͟ސവࣤુݞӤĄ 4. ʰ)ʰ* ୪ϵ˴ͧˎࢷڟФʭл; ʰ)ʰ*: to attend. It is used as a verb here. ͡Ą This is an idiomatic usage of ʰ)ʰ*, e.g., , ʰደ)ʰደ*, ʰ)ʰ*, 4 ̜Ѓർē!ჳѱ࢈ސʰ Ϳ˴ͧĎސฝĔ ʰͿ)ʰͿ* ʰॲ)ʰॲ*, ʰᖂ)ʰᖂ*, ʰઆ! )ʰઆ* [jiàotáng] church.
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: “Why Are You Interested in This Job?” ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
ఙ̺ψē!̜ˉהĎѱЁĄݞ፹ѱဇӨ࢈˴ͧ๐፹ቸĄ ̜Ѓർē!ૌЁĎఙ̺ψĄᓂᓂૌ൝ӨጠĄ ఙ̺ψē!ӨʟѱڟᕏጣĎѱФᖖደѝ1Ď ྫ˅੦ਜ਼ַࡎ႗ጠࠋደĎˬБ୳ ĎސฝĔ ̜Ѓർē!ڟސĄӨˬБˤ̢ϋ୳ĎᓙФ ࣯˚ϻʙ̢;͡Ą ఙ̺ψē!ѱߏ˧ᅄဇ੦ደ๐፹ቸ2ֹĔ ̜Ѓർē!ϰߏӨૃސڍڍ੦3ڟĎ֧ڟڍڍ ᆇᛪĎؚ̾Өૃˉ౷ဇ੦๐፹ ቸĄ ఙ̺ψē!˚ჳʙჳѱߏ˧ᅄ๑վӨ࢈ ˴ͧˎѰĔ ̜Ѓർē!Өޥʟʙʮѱ࢈˴ͧڟႩমĎʟ ཌ֗ѱ࢈ސʙࣜྫ༞ܘཚ˴ͧĄѱ࢈˚Ѯьˏവ௺χӬ Ďф̸ᓙಪռ˃ුܘڟཚوਜ਼Ą ఙ̺ψē!ڟސĄӨ࢈˴ͧዑ႓ͫФ˲БڟጣͬĎ͟ސവࣤુݞӤĄ୪ϵ ˴ͧˎࢷڟФʭл;͡Ą ̜Ѓർē!ჳѱ࢈ސʰ4Ϳ˴ͧĎސฝĔ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: “Why Are You Interested in This Job?” ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અʄϛȼɊɄࠒ
ఙ̺ψē!ʙᔈʶԠᎿ5ĄӨ࢈ᓶഓ͞ 5. ʙᔈʶԠᎿ)ʙᔈʶԠᎿ* ББ˗ۑזʰͿĎ˚྆ ʙᔈʶԠᎿ)ʙᔈʶԠᎿ*: exactly. ਜ਼ࣤુݞЁĄဇʟĎ˚ It literally means “not wrong at all,” but is usually used to express complete agreement. ѱьˏڟٷĔ ̜Ѓർē!ЁڟĄӨ˛ސർ˃ደڟደΡĎ ਸ਼ʟ੦ደַࡎ႗ጠ֍̺ટ̾ʹĎӨᓙФʙ˛̜ਖ਼ ĄӨڟүЙᑼݞĎೆ༄ϻЩુ֗྆ደमڟᇩĎᓙጊψ ྆੦ደڟደΡࣰ̺Ďᕑ྆ݞϻ߀Ąʳސደमࡌࡧڟ ߀ĎӨސᕑʡ˞ʙĄ ఙ̺ψē!ѱ͑྆ࠂՀάฝĔ ̜Ѓർē!͑྆Ąૃ͞БזĎӨʙڢϵੈࠂՀĎ୪ϵΓϵᅸ୳ ባ̜Ą ఙ̺ψē!ਸ਼ʟደ̾ʹĎѱᓙᜍੈ˧ᅄֹĔ ̜Ѓർē!ӨᜍݞϻٍљĄ˚྆ĎӨశᜍडїĄ ఙ̺ψē!եЁĎӨ࢈ϋˎѰ౷ࡌސ 6. ԑ˞˚ુ)ԑ˞˚ુ* લલ͎࣯Ą ԑ˞˚ુ)ԑ˞˚ુ*: all that one could ̜Ѓർē!եӨސԑ˞˚ુ6Ңĕࢺؐ̈ wish for. ˞)˞* is a word from classical ̈ϵʹՖĎӨʶݞ፹Ą Chinese. It can be used as a pronoun or a possessive marker. It is still used in some ఙ̺ψē!ѱᓙФ˧ᅄੰᖠฝĔ set phrases in modern Chinese to mean “ ”*ڟ)ڟas in “//////˞ʙ)//////˞ʙ*” ̜Ѓർē!ቜੰĎѱ࢈˧ᅄढੈԚ (one of . . . ) or as an objective pronoun ֹסĔ “͂0Ђ0ͺ)͂0Ђ0ͺ*” as in “ԑ˞˚ુ! ఙ̺ψē!ʮޑೈʙґĄӨ࢈൝ѱ )ԑ˞˚ુ*.” Other examples are ˞! )˞* which means “//////˛ڟ! ΈྫབྷڟĄ )/////˛ڟ*” and ደфढ˞)ደфढ ̜Ѓർē!ЁĎӨѱ࢈ྫڟབྷĄϔЩ๐ ˞* which means “study and review what has been studied from time to time.” ᓂૌ൝ӨጠĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: “Why Are You Interested in This Job?” ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અʄϛȼɊȾࠒ
ఙ̺ψē!ʙᔈʶԠᎿ5ĄӨ࢈ᓶഓ͞ББ˗ۑזʰͿĎ˚྆ਜ਼ ࣤુݞЁĄဇʟĎ˚ѱьˏڟٷĔ ̜Ѓർē!ЁڟĄӨ˛ސർ˃ደڟደΡĎਸ਼ʟ੦ደַࡎ႗ጠ֍̺ટ ̾ʹĎӨᓙФʙ˛̜ਖ਼ĄӨڟүЙᑼݞĎೆ༄ϻЩ ુ֗྆ደमڟᇩĎᓙጊψ྆੦ደڟደΡࣰ̺Ďᕑ྆ ݞϻ߀Ąʳސደम߀ࡌࡧڟĎӨސᕑʡ˞ʙĄ ఙ̺ψē!ѱ͑྆ࠂՀάฝĔ ̜Ѓർē!͑྆Ąૃ͞БזĎӨʙڢϵੈࠂՀĎ୪ϵΓϵᅸ୳ ባ̜Ą ఙ̺ψē!ਸ਼ʟደ̾ʹĎѱᓙᜍੈ˧ᅄֹĔ ̜Ѓർē!ӨᜍݞϻٍљĄ˚྆ĎӨశᜍडїĄ ఙ̺ψē!եЁĎӨ࢈ϋˎѰ౷ࡌސલલ͎࣯Ą ̜Ѓർē!եӨސԑ˞˚ુ6Ңĕࢺؐ̈̈ϵʹՖĎӨʶݞ፹Ą ఙ̺ψē!ѱᓙФ˧ᅄੰᖠฝĔ ̜Ѓർē!ቜੰĎѱ࢈˧ᅄढੈԚֹסĔ ఙ̺ψē!ʮޑೈʙґĄӨ࢈൝ѱΈྫབྷڟĄ ̜Ѓർē!ЁĎӨѱ࢈ྫڟབྷĄϔЩ๐ᓂૌ൝ӨጠĄ
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. Review: Conjunctions (2) As we mentioned in Lesson 12, compound sentences are sentences that consist of two or more clauses. We also reviewed some of the commonly used conjunctions in Lesson 15. Below is a second review of some other conjunctions. Conjunctions
ʙᘞ//////ʙᘞ ʙᘞ//////ʙᘞ ʙ//////ʙ ʙ//////ʙ
Features
Examples
UÊ ViVÌÃÊÌÜÊ simultaneous actions
ӨᜍʙᘞՙĎʙᘞࡱᇅĄ ӨᜍʙᘞՙĎʙᘞࡱᇅĄ
UÊ `V>ÌiÃÊ>Ê alternative relation
˚ސӨ˚ϵ̽ѱڟ๐֧ĎфސӨ ̊ДʟĎؚ̾୪ϵ˚୩ѱĄ ˚ސӨ˚ϵ̽ѱڟ๐֧ĎфސӨ ̊ДʟĎؚ̾୪ϵ˚୩ѱĄ
UÊ ViVÌÃÊÌÜÊ actions which occur in sequence
Ђʙ୳౷Ӳ֗ʟˎѰĄ Ђʙ୳౷Ӳ֗ʟˎѰĄ
. . . while at the same time . . .
˚ސ//////фސ ˚ސ//////фސ not . . . but . . .
ʙ//////౷////// ʙ//////౷////// as soon as . . . then . . .
)ࡶ*ϑ//////Ďഓݣ////// )ࡶ*ϑ//////Ďഓݣ//////
ࡶϑѱࡌޥႩমĎഓݣѱࡌӰᕏ ጣᅸЁĄ ࡶϑѱࡌޥႩমĎഓݣѱࡌӰᕏ ጣᅸЁĄ
first . . . , then . . .
˚႓//////Ď//////////// ˚႓//////Ď////////////
˚႓//////Ď! //////ᓙސ////// ˚႓//////Ď! //////ᓙސ////// no matter
UÊ ViVÌÃÊÌÜÊ clauses, the first indicating a condition and the second a result
˚႓ӨϻДĎӨࡌ͂͞Ą ˚႓ӨϻДĎӨࡌ͂͞Ą
˚႓ӨϻДĎӨᓙ͂͞ࡌސĄ ˚႓ӨϻДĎӨᓙ͂͞ࡌސĄ
Lesson 18
Conjunctions
ഒባ//////Ďʶ)* ഒባ//////Ďʶ)*
Features UÊ `V>ÌiÃÊ>Ê> inclusive situation
˚ባ//////Ďʶ)* ˚ባ//////Ďʶ)*
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Examples
ഒባѱϣ๎ᓙ˚ސϣ๎ĎӨࡌ ͑͞Ą ഒባѱϣ๎ᓙ˚ސϣ๎ĎӨࡌ ͑͞Ą
no matter
ʳސ//////Ď////// ʳސ//////Ď//////
ʳ͂ސ๑ੈڟձĎ͂ʙסੈЁĄ ʳ͂ސ๑ੈڟձĎ͂ʙסੈЁĄ
whatever
ਸ਼ʟ!A!̾ʹĎ! //////ᓙ0ʶ!B ਸ਼ʟ!A!̾ʹĎ! //////ᓙ0ʶ!B “besides . . . also . . .” (the same subject)
ਸ਼ʟ)ਸ਼ʟ* Subject 1 ̾ʹ)̾ʹ*, Subject 2 )* V. “except . . . for” (different subjects)
UÊ indicates “inclusion” ਸ਼ʟ੦ደ̾ʹĎӨᓙ˛̜Ą (both A and B are ਸ਼ʟ੦ደ̾ʹĎӨᓙ˛̜Ą covered) Besides business, I also study Chinese. UÊ ̾ʹ)̾ʹ* can \study both ੦ደ)੦ደ* and ˛̜! be omitted )˛̜*^ UÊ vÊÌ
iÊÕLiÀÊvÊ items after ਸ਼ʟ)ਸ਼ʟ* is long, ̾ʹ)̾ʹ* is usually present UÊ ÌÊ`V>ÌiÊ ਸ਼ʟ͂̾ʹĎӨ࢈ደ˛̜Ą “exclusion” ਸ਼ʟ͂̾ʹĎӨ࢈ደ˛̜Ą UÊ iÝVÕÃÊvÊ Except for him, we all study Chinese. Subject 1 before (͂ is the “exclusion”) making a general truth UÊ Ì
iÊ}iiÀ>ÊÌÀÕÌ
ÊÃÊ marked by )*, and the exception is marked by ਸ਼ʟ
)ਸ਼ʟ*
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it! With a partner, select the correct conjunctions from above to ask and answer the questions.
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
V:! ______ ˴ͧ ______ĎѱᓙΧቜʟ˧ᅄ˴ͧĔ
!
______
˴ͧ ______ĎѱᓙΧቜʟ˧ᅄ˴ͧĔ
W:! ______ Ⴉমʰͧ˴ڟĎӨΧቜʟĄ
!
______
Ⴉমʰͧ˴ڟĎӨΧቜʟĄ
V:!୪ϵӲˎѰᘲฝĔ
! ୪ϵӲˎѰᘲฝĔā W:! ______ ѱސደྫ༞ڟĎ______ ደˎുڟĎ୪ϵӲˎѰؾ࣠˚ݞĄ
!
______
ѱސደྫ༞ڟĎ______ ደˎുڟĎ୪ϵӲˎѰؾ࣠˚ݞĄ
II. Expressions Indicating Approximation A.
;͡ and ʰʮ are expressions to indicate “approximation” for a number. They are used when the speaker is not sure of the exact number or does not think it is necessary to give the exact number of something. Examples:
Ө࢈˴ͧˎࢷڟФʭлʰʮĄ Ө࢈˴ͧˎࢷڟФʭлʰʮĄ ᇺώႅࡌʠʪ˯ʰʮĄ ᇺώႅࡌʠʪ˯ʰʮĄ ደमڟФʤл;͡Ą ደमڟФʤл;͡Ą ˬ̈Оʰʞᔈ;͂͡ࡌվ͑Ө࢈ڟਆባĄ ˬ̈Оʰʞᔈ;͂͡ࡌվ͑Ө࢈ڟਆባĄ
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Ê Ê
B.
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Notes: UÊ ;͡ and ʰʮ! can only be placed after the number they modify. They are never placed before the number (see examples #1, #2, and #3 above). UÊ ;͡ and ʰʮ can be used interchangeably when the number they modify indicates quantity or amount. But only ;͡ is used for approximation of time (see example #4 above).
˃, ˃࠘)˃࠘*, and ࣯˚ϻ are adverbs used for the same purpose. Examples:
Ө࢈˴ͧ˃ˎࢷڟФʭлʰʮĄ Ө࢈˴ͧ˃ˎࢷڟФʭлʰʮĄ ˬ̈Оʰ˃࠘Фʪʡࡌվ͑Ө࢈ڟਆባĄ ˬ̈Оʰ˃࠘Фʪʡࡌվ͑Ө࢈ڟਆባĄ ᇺώႅ࣯˚ϻࡌʠʪ˯;͡Ą ᇺώႅ࣯˚ϻࡌʠʪ˯;͡Ą However, while ;͡ and ʰʮ are only used for numbers, ࣯˚ϻ can also be used for situations. Examples:
Ө˃̾̈͟ق֗͂ྫڟབྷʟĄ Ө˃̾̈͟ق֗͂ྫڟབྷʟĄ ͂˃࠘ː༄ԚסʟĄ ͂˃࠘ː༄ԚסʟĄ ͂࢈࣯˚ϻϣ๎ӨݚڟᚊĄ ͂࢈࣯˚ϻϣ๎ӨݚڟᚊĄ
˃, ˃࠘)˃࠘*, and
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Notes: UÊ ˃, ˃࠘)˃࠘*, and ࣯˚ϻ are used before the major verb of the sentence. UÊ /
iÞÊV>ÊLiÊÕÃi`ÊÌ}iÌ
iÀÊÜÌ
Ê;͡ or ʰʮ, but ;͡ or ʰʮ can be omitted as well. Examples:
V:! ѱ࢈˴ͧФϻ̍ࢷˎĔ ! ѱ࢈˴ͧФϻ̍ࢷˎĔ W:! ˃)Ф*ʭл)ʰʮ0;͡*Ą
! ˃)Ф*ʭл)ʰʮ0;͡*Ą V:! ѱ࢈˧ᅄढ̾͟ԚסĔ ! ѱ࢈˧ᅄढ̾͟ԚסĔ W:! ˃࠘)ϵ*ޑೈʙ;͡Ą
! ˃࠘)ϵ*ޑೈʙ;͡Ą V:! ؘڟনސϻ̍Ĕ ! ؘڟনސϻ̍Ĕ W:! Ԑ̢࣯˚ϻ)*ސˤл˯);͡*Ą
! Ԑ̢࣯˚ϻ)*ސˤл˯);͡*Ą
C. It is also common to place
ϻ or ಁ after a number to indicate approximation.
Example:
! ЂˬБʠʪϻ)ಁ*ຑʟĄ ! ЂˬБʠʪϻ)ಁ*ຑʟĄ Ê
-
iÊÃÊÓäÃiÌ
}ÊÌ
ÃÊÞi>À°
D. It is also common to use two adjacent numbers together to indicate approximation. Examples:
! ЂˬБʠʪʭďͲຑʟĄ ! ЂˬБʠʪʭďͲຑʟĄ She is 23 or 24 this year.
! ͮྫ༞ࡌʤďʞлีᏀĄ ! ͮྫ༞ࡌʤďʞлีᏀĄ
This computer costs 800 or 900 dollars.
Lesson 18
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it! With a partner, practice questions and answers with expressions indicating approximation. For example,
! !
V:!ѱ࢈ڟደФϻ̍ટĔ ! ѱ࢈ڟደФϻ̍ટĔ
! !
W:! ˃ФʜăʤટґĄ
! ˃ФʜăʤટґĄ
! !
V:!ደΡֹĔ ! ደΡֹĔ
! !
W:! Фʙʽˤл;͡Ą
! Фʙʽˤл;͡Ą
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
A Job Application Cover Letter ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
ڟർࠋӬܘཚ˴ͧʡձఋē ϵأ༒ႩমʰĎӨ֗ʟප˴ͧΓϵأ༒ʙྫ༞௺χവʡ ࢷĄӨဇˎѰۨલ๐፹ቸĎӔଖප˴ͧуᆌӨڟΧቜĄ Ө୪ϵ˛ސർ˃ደͲБڟደΡĎ ̺ࡎ႗ጠַ੦ደ֍ટĄͲБվĎ Ө˚Ѯϵࡎ႗ጠַ੦ደ̟ደ֗ʟݞϻ ФڣڟᘋĎф̸ϵЁಁࣜ˴ͧ͑ʟ ဂĎુ֗ʟ˚̍ˎѰ༄Ąਸ਼Ъ̾ ʹĎӨᓙጊψʟ੦ደڟደΡࣰ̺Ď ᕑʟݞϻ߀Ąʳސደम߀ࡌࡧڟ ĎӨސᕑʡ˞ʙĄ ૃප˴ͧڟႩম˛ĎӨʟཌ֗ප˴ ͧ˃Фˤď˲БڟጣͬĎਜ਼വࣤુ ۨલӤĎ୪ϵː༄ސʙࣜʰͿ˴ͧʟĄ ප˴ͧ˚Ѯьˏവ௺χӬĎф̸ᓙ ߏ֏͂˴ͧಪռܘཚوਜ਼ĄӨۨલӔଖؚደڣڟᘋߏප˴ͧو ਜ਼ĄЃَප˴֧ͧӨڟΧቜĎӨʙס҆ʨϴੈЁӨˎڟѰĎ! ߏ˴ͧڟവࣤੈ͎ਓᙦĄ Ъ ! Notes:
)ڟ[ *ڟzZnjìngde]: respected ࠋӬ)ࠋӬ* [kWR\Ê
ÌiV
ʡձఋ)ʡձఋ* [rénshìbù]: department of human resources ʡࢷ)ʡࢷ* [rényuán]: personnel; staff ̟)̟* [fVngmiàn]: aspect ਜ਼)ਜ਼* [yèwù]: business activities ֏͂)֏͂* [qítV]: other; else ߏ//////وਜ਼)ߏ//////وਜ਼* [wèi . . . fúwù]: to serve ਓᙦ)ਓᙦ* [gòngxiàn]: to contribute to; contribution Ъ)Ъ* [cbzhì]: respectfully
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
A Job Application Cover Letter ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
ڟർࠋӬܘཚ˴ͧʡձఋē ϵأ༒ႩমʰĎӨ֗ʟප˴ͧΓϵأ༒ʙྫ༞௺χവʡ ࢷĄӨဇˎѰۨલ๐፹ቸĎӔଖප˴ͧуᆌӨڟΧቜĄ Ө୪ϵ˛ސർ˃ደͲБڟደΡĎ̺ࡎ႗ጠַ੦ደ֍ટ ĄͲБվĎӨ˚Ѯϵࡎ႗ጠַ੦ደ̟ደ֗ʟݞϻФڣڟᘋĎ! ф̸ϵЁಁࣜ˴ͧ͑ʟဂĎુ֗ʟ˚̍ˎѰ༄Ąਸ਼Ъ̾ʹĎ! Өᓙጊψʟ੦ደڟደΡࣰ̺Ďᕑʟݞϻ߀Ąʳސደमࡧڟ ࡌ߀ĎӨސᕑʡ˞ʙĄ ૃප˴ͧڟႩম˛ĎӨᑣཌ֗ප˴ͧ˃Фˤď˲БڟጣͬĎ! ਜ਼വࣤુۨલӤĎ୪ϵː༄ސʙࣜʰͿ˴ͧʟĄප˴ͧ˚Ѯьˏ വ௺χӬĎф̸ᓙߏ֏͂˴ͧಪռܘཚوਜ਼ĄӨۨલӔଖ ؚደڣڟᘋߏප˴ͧوਜ਼ĄЃَප˴֧ͧӨڟΧቜĎӨʙס ҆ʨϴੈЁӨˎڟѰĎߏ˴ͧڟവࣤੈ͎ਓᙦĄ Ъ !
Χቜʡē̜Ѓർ
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
ФࢺղʙڟΡචַჭ͎ٲ୪ϵ۬ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ ФࢺղʙڟΡචַჭ͎ٲ୪ϵ۬ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ
2.
Ђϵ˃ደͲБཇĎደ֗ʟ˧ᅄڣᘋĎ͑྆˧ᅄ߀Ĕ Ђϵ˃ደͲБཇĎደ֗ʟ˧ᅄڣᘋĎ͑྆˧ᅄ߀Ĕ
3.
ЂࡌΧቜސڟʙࣜ˧ᅄᆺͧ˴ڟĔ ЂࡌΧቜސڟʙࣜ˧ᅄᆺͧ˴ڟĔ
4.
ѱڟབྷĎϔӰԐʙჳʙ྇Ą ѱڟབྷĎϔӰԐʙჳʙ྇Ą
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY Ꮰ˨ޱᅕ Ꮰ˨ޱᅕ [lànyú ch^ngshù] Meaning: To pretend to play a musical instrument in a group just to round out the number. Usage: This is used to describe someone who is holding a post without the necessary qualifications just to round out the number. It is also often used as a humble way to reply to compliments about your promotion.
եʡ˧ᅄ˚Ďϵ˴ͧཇͫސņᑀࠑ͈ᆵŇራʟĄ եʡ˧ᅄ˚Ďϵ˴ͧཇͫސņᑀࠑ͈ᆵŇራʟĄ 2. V:! ࣾѱऌ̺֗ψˎڟѰĕ ! ! ࣾѱऌ̺֗ψˎڟѰĕ W:! Ԡ˧ᅄĎӨོͫݞސĎ!ņᑀࠑ͈ᆵŇራʟĄ ! Ԡ˧ᅄĎӨོͫݞސĎ!ņᑀࠑ͈ᆵŇራʟĄ
Examples: 1.
!
ʳސ, ˚႓////////////, ʙᘞ//////ʙᘞ//////)ʙᘞ//////ʙᘞ//////*, and ways of expressing approximation. Pay attention to the usages of conjunctions
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ֍ʽͲлБ̾܉ϲФʙᅆ [Qí] Ąͺސ̴ڟᅆ̴݇ [Qí XuVnwáng]Ąᅆ ̴݇ۨલᜍࡱᇅĎ५ѿᜍݞϻʡ ʙਔҚࠑĄ͂Фʙڟ˃ݞᇅĎԐ̈Ф ʭл;͡ڟʡʙਔҚࠑ൝͂Ąʳސ ҚࠑڟʡĎ˚႓ސቢĎऌ֗ݞϻᏀĄ Фʙܒఌ [NánguY] ϑΡĄ͂˚Қ ࠑĎ͟ߏސʟᓈᏀĎ͂ʶϵᇅཇĎ ཆ˃ࣜʙਔҚࠑĎਔվЁ࿋Қુ ݞЁѭڟĄᅆ̴݇ծ˚ސ͂ཾڣཆڟĎ ؚ̾ʶ൝ʟ͂ݞϻᏀĄ౷ᆺĎܒఌϑΡϵᇅཇʟʭďͲБĄ ݣվĎᅆ̴݇ЫʟĎ໋͂˅ڟʟ̴Ďͩᅆഉ̴ [Qí Mbnwáng]Ą ᅆഉ̴ʶᜍҚࠑĄѮ˚͂ސᜍ˃ᇅʙਔ။ܷĎ͂ᜍᇅ ࣱʙʙϴҚĄᆺĎܒఌϑΡ౷˚ϔʮ͞ʟĎͫЁьˏ ϴՖʟĄ ވձҙටӨ࢈ʙʡЃَԠФΓڟʨĎͫ๑Ďశݣᓙ ސᘿ˚ʟʡڟĄ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ֍ʽͲлБ̾܉ϲФʙᅆĄͺސ̴ڟᅆ̴݇Ąᅆ̴݇ ۨલᜍࡱᇅĎ५ѿᜍݞϻʡʙਔҚࠑĄ͂Фʙڟ˃ݞᇅĎ Ԑ̈Фʭл;͡ڟʡʙਔҚࠑ൝͂ĄʳސҚࠑڟʡĎ˚႓ސቢĎ ऌ֗ݞϻᏀĄ ФʙܒఌϑΡĄ͂˚ҚࠑĎ͟ߏސʟᓈᏀĎ͂ʶϵᇅཇ Ďཆ˃ࣜʙਔҚࠑĎਔվЁ࿋ҚુݞЁѭڟĄᅆ̴݇ծ˚ڣ ཾ͂ސཆڟĎؚ̾ʶ൝ʟ͂ݞϻᏀĄ౷ᆺĎܒఌϑΡϵᇅཇ ʟʭďͲБĄ ݣվĎᅆ̴݇ЫʟĎ໋͂˅ڟʟ̴Ďͩᅆഉ̴Ąᅆഉ̴ʶ ᜍҚࠑĄѮ˚͂ސᜍ˃ᇅʙਔ။ܷĎ͂ᜍᇅࣱʙʙ ϴҚĄᆺĎܒఌϑΡ౷˚ϔʮ͞ʟĎͫЁьˏϴՖʟĄ ވձҙටӨ࢈ʙʡЃَԠФΓڟʨĎͫ๑Ďశݣᓙ ސᘿ˚ʟʡڟĄ Notes:
̴)̴* [guówáng]: ruler, king of a state in ancient China Қ)Қ* [chuX]: to blow, play ࠑ)ࠑ* [yú]: a musical instrument in ancient China ᇅ)ᇅ* [yuèduì]: band, orchestra ᓈᏀ)ᓈᏀ* [zhuànqián]: to make money )* [hùn]: to sneak in, pass off as ཆ)ཆ* [ji`zhuVng]: to pretend Ё࿋//////ѭ)ڟЁ࿋//////ѭ[ *ڟh`oxiàng . . . shìde]: as if . . . Ы)Ы* [sb]: to die ϴ)ϴ* [tYutYude]: stealthily Γ)Γ* [zhWnzhèng]: genuine; real ʨ)ʨ* [nénglì]: ability ᘿ)ᘿ* [piàn]: to deceive
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups
Ӳ͎Фʙჭ˅ͯڟٲĄ Ӳ͎Фʙჭ˅ͯڟٲĄ 2. ߏ˧ᅄϵᅆ̴݇ڟढĎܒఌϑΡ̾͟ϵҚࠑڟᇅཇĔ ! ߏ˧ᅄϵᅆ̴݇ڟढĎܒఌϑΡ̾͟ϵҚࠑڟᇅཇĔ 3. ݣվܒఌϑΡߏ˧ᅄࡌϴՖʟĔ ! ݣվܒఌϑΡߏ˧ᅄࡌϴՖʟĔ 4. ވձҙටӨ࢈˧ᅄĔѱЙჭఅʙͯ˅ฝĔ ! ވձҙටӨ࢈˧ᅄĔѱЙჭఅʙͯ˅ฝĔ 1.
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ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 18-1
ͬЃᆇ is making a phone call to her mother. Listen to what she says and then complete the exercises below. When completed, check with your partner. Notes:
Йγ)Йγ* [chénglì]: to establish ᄬ)ᄬ* [guójì]: international ̄Ё)̄Ё* [ycuh`o]: friendly ᒂ႗)ᒂ႗* [zcngsuàn]: finally, eventually ̖๑ձЙ)̖๑ձЙ* [xXnxi`ngshìchéng]: every wish comes true 1. Decide whether the following statements are correct or not. Mark the correct statements with a “a” and the incorrect statements with “w”. a.
͘ˉढ̾܉ĎӨ൝˛ർܘཚ˴ͧΈʟʙྫབྷΧቜ! ˎѰĄ ͘ˉढ̾܉ĎӨ൝˛ർܘཚ˴ͧΈʟʙྫབྷΧቜ! ˎѰĄ
b.
ᓶഓ˛ർܘཚ˴ͧڟਜ਼വࣤݞӤĎ͟ސᓙ˚ސʙࣜ! ʰͿ˴ͧĄ ᓶഓ˛ർܘཚ˴ͧڟਜ਼വࣤݞӤĎ͟ސᓙ˚ސʙࣜ! ʰͿ˴ͧĄ
c.
˛ർܘཚ˴̺ͧࡌސಪռܘཚوਜ਼Ď͂࢈ьˏԠФ௺χ! ӬĄ ˛ർܘཚ˴̺ͧࡌސಪռܘཚوਜ਼Ď͂࢈ьˏԠФ௺χ! ӬĄ
d.
ʡձఋڟఙ̺ψַࢷˎ࢈ჳӔଖӨ͞եˎѰĄ ʡձఋڟఙ̺ψַࢷˎ࢈ჳӔଖӨ͞եˎѰĄ
e.
ϋˎѰࡌલલ͎࣯Ď͟ސӪ̈ؐݞҲࡴጠĄ ϋˎѰࡌલલ͎࣯Ď͟ސӪ̈ؐݞҲࡴጠĄ
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2. Work with your partner to answer the following questions orally. a.
ߏ˧ᅄͬЃᆇˬ̈եᅄ፹Ĕ ߏ˧ᅄͬЃᆇˬ̈եᅄ፹Ĕ ______________________________________________________________________
b.
Ђߏ˧ᅄᜍϋˎѰĔ Ђߏ˧ᅄᜍϋˎѰĔ ______________________________________________________________________
II. Character Exercises 18-2
Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
Ӭ Ӭ
ᇩ ᇩ
Ӭ Ӭ
ᇩ ᇩ
௺χӬ ௺χӬ
ુ֗ᇩ ુ֗ᇩ
˴ͧവ௺χӬ ˴ͧവ௺χӬ
͂ુ֗ደमڟᇩ ͂ુ֗ደमڟᇩ
˴ͧ˃ුവ௺χӬ ˴ͧ˃ුവ௺χӬ
͂ϻЩુ֗ደमڟᇩ ͂ϻЩુ֗ደमڟᇩ
˴ͧьˏ˃ුവ௺χӬ ˴ͧьˏ˃ුവ௺χӬ
͂ೆ༄ϻЩુ֗ደमڟᇩ ͂ೆ༄ϻЩુ֗ደमڟᇩ
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
ਸ਼ ਸ਼
2.
ү ү
3.
ܘ ܘ
4.
ਜ਼ ਜ਼
5.
6.
ዑ ዑ
7.
ೆ ೆ
8.
ψ ψ
9.
ጊ ጊ
10.
ʳ ʳ
11.
12.
ࣤ ࣤ
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Read the following paragraph. Circle each simplified character that matches its traditional form below and write the number beside it. Then check with your partner.
Ө࢈˴ͧФ˲БڟጣͬʟĄశۖಁБĎਜ਼വࣤુۨલӤĎૃ͞ БזʰͿĄӨ࢈˚Ѯߏ̘݊ಪռܘཚوਜ਼Ďʶʙڢϵവڟ ௺χӬĄӨ࢈ᄯࡌФᄴዲʨڟʡĄѱϵደमڟЙᑼݞЁĎʬ ᕑ྆ݞϻ߀Ďೆ༄ϻЩ֧֗ᇩĎਔվѱڟନχ˚ᎿĄ 1. 9. 18-4
ጣ ௺
2. 10.
ዲ വ
3. 11.
ᑼ
4. 12.
ନ Ꮏ
5. 13.
ᇩ
6. 14.
༄
7. 15.
ཚ
8.
ਜ਼
Each of the following words has two different pronunciations. Work with your partner to write out the Pinyin of each character, with tones, and the meaning of each word or phrase. Example:
ݞЁ [h`o] very good ݞЁ [h`o] very good ๒Ё [hào] hobby ๒Ё [hào] hobby
1.
3.
[ [
] _______________
प [ प [
] _______________
2.
] _______________
] _______________
࣯˚ϻ [ ࣯˚ϻ [
] _______________
͎࣯ ͎࣯
[
] _______________
[
] _______________
] _______________
4.
डї [ डї [
] _______________
ї [ ї [
] _______________
] _______________
] _______________
ԑ˞˚ુ [ ԑ˞˚ુ [ ુ͞ʡ [ ુ͞ʡ [
] _______________ ] _______________ ] _______________ ] _______________
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The following words are used in two different ways in our lesson. Work in groups, first to find from the text two phrases that indicate the different meanings of these words, and then to explain them in English. If you know more examples, include them as well. Example:
1.
2.
)*ē)ז *זto begin )*ēവ)വ* to develop
ૃ)ૃ*ē__________________ ૃ)ૃ*ē!__________________ ૃ)ૃ*ē__________________ ૃ)ૃ*ē__________________
__________________
ʰ)ʰ*ē__________________ ʰ)ʰ*ē!__________________ ʰ)ʰ*ē__________________ ʰ)ʰ*ē__________________
__________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
III. Grammar Exercises 18-6
Form groups to combine the following sentences using appropriate conjunctions. 1.
ᚌဆ൝ӨʟႴĒ͂ҙටӨՙࡌˉ̖Ą(indicating two simultaneous actions)
ᚌဆ൝ӨʟႴĒ͂ҙටӨՙࡌˉ̖Ą _________________________________________________________________________ 2.
͂˚ސվཾ၇ڟĒ͂ސվᓙӨώႅڟĄ(making an alternative) ͂˚ސվཾ၇ڟĒ͂ސվᓙӨώႅڟĄ _________________________________________________________________________
3.
ѱ࢈ᄯࡌӨ͞ࢺĒӨᘹ๎͞Ą(indicating conditional relation) ѱ࢈ᄯࡌӨ͞ࢺĒӨᘹ๎͞Ą _________________________________________________________________________
4.
͂ऌ֗ʟిˁደѝĒ͂ʟʙࣜྫ༞˴ͧĄ(indicating sequence) ͂ऌ֗ʟిˁደѝĒ͂ʟʙࣜྫ༞˴ͧĄ _________________________________________________________________________
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͂ደ˛̜Ē͂ʶደࡎ႗ጠĄ(indicating inclusion) ͂ደ˛̜Ē͂ʶደࡎ႗ጠĄ _________________________________________________________________________
6.
Ө࢈ደࡎ႗ጠĒͫФ͂˚ደࡎ႗ጠĄ(indicating exclusion) Ө࢈ደࡎ႗ጠĒͫФ͂˚ደࡎ႗ጠĄ _________________________________________________________________________
18-7
ఙർ)ఙർ* is a person with a carefree personality who often uses the word “approximately.” Today his girlfriend is discussing with him a job she wants to apply. Guess how he answers the following questions of hers. With a partner, act it out.
18-8
1.
ѱཾڣࣜ˴ͧФϻ̍БጣͬʟĔ ѱཾڣࣜ˴ͧФϻ̍БጣͬʟĔ
2.
ѱჳࣜ˴ͧФϻ̍ࢷˎĔ ѱჳࣜ˴ͧФϻ̍ࢷˎĔ
3.
ѱ࢈͂ཾڣЩࡌأ༒ϻ̍ˎࢷڟĔ ѱ࢈͂ཾڣЩࡌأ༒ϻ̍ˎࢷڟĔ
4.
ѱᚈુ͂࢈֧Ө͟ڟؒ ([kanéngxìng]: possibility) Фϻ˃Ĕ(Use %) ѱᚈુ͂࢈֧Ө͟ڟؒФϻ˃Ĕ(Use %)
Form groups and complete the following sentences based on the context given below. Remember, ʳސÊ
iÀiÊÃÊÕÃi`ÊÌÊ`V>ÌiÊ>VÕÃÛiiÃð 1.
Өశᜍԃٕ။ࢷĎʳ___________________________________ ސ Өశᜍԃٕ။ࢷĎʳ___________________________________ ސ
2.
ӨᚈુӨڟԸۨ̄ىલᒑقďๆĎʳ_________________________ ސ ӨᚈુӨڟԸۨ̄ىલᒑقďๆĎʳ_________________________ ސ
3.
͂ဇ˛ۨલФ፹ቸĎʳ________________________________________ ސ ͂ဇ˛ۨલФ፹ቸĎʳ________________________________________ ސ
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IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ঢ়࣎ଓพ́గพ৻ר՚ྭ ঢ়࣎ଓพ́గพ৻ר՚ྭ Opening Ceremony for College Graduate Employment Services Week
ᒅЅē
म୳Ρ౷وਜ਼ֺဍ ˬ̠म୳Ρ౷وਜ਼ֺဍĎᐣأ༒ʡᆵߏ22ʡĄΏЩ ϓФ20ϻࣜᒞᎲႩ൜أ༒Ď୪أ༒ઠᒞᎲ90ϻĎϒ Ϩϴ͑أ༒ڟʡѝઠය྆18000ࣜĄ
ᕏЅē
म୳Ρ౷وਜ਼ֺဍ ˬ̠म୳Ρ౷وਜ਼ֺဍĎᐣأ༒ʡᆵߏ22ʡĄΏЩ ϓФ20ϻࣜᒞᎲႩ൜أ༒Ď୪أ༒ઠᒞᎲ90ϻĎϒ Ϩϴ͑أ༒ڟʡѝઠය྆18000ࣜĄ
Notes:
ဍ)ဍ* [kVimù]: opening ceremony ᐣ)ᐣ* [nb]: to intend to ᒞᎲ)ᒞᎲ* [jdbVn]: to hold (a meeting) ୪)୪* [xiànch`ng]: on the spot Ϩϴ)Ϩϴ* [gèdì]: various places )* [ch`ng]: session (for meetings, exhibitions, etc.) ʡѝ)ʡѝ* [yòngréndVnwèi]: employer
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Lesson 18
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The Interview
Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. What is a “وਜ਼ֺ”? What kind of “وਜ਼ֺ” is being held here? 2. How many applicants are estimated to attend? How many companies will participate? 3. Can you find any written expressions? What are their spoken counterparts (e.g. ̾ʮ)̾ʮ* . . . etc.)?
ᐣ)ᐣ*;
4. Use your own words to retell the headline and article.
V. Communicative Activities 18-9
!
Work in pairs. You are at a job fair and you see a company that interests you. You are talking with the recruiter to try to find out as much as you can about the company, and are trying to convince him/her that you have the appropriate qualifications for the job. One of you will be the recruiter and the other a job applicant. Please use (but do not be limited to) the following expressions:
ጠ ጠ
ဇ//////๐፹ቸ ဇ//////๐፹ቸ
ጊψ ጊψ
͑ ͑
വ വ
ᕑ ᕑ
˚Ѯ//////ф̸////// ˚Ѯ//////ф̸////// ࢺؐ//////ʶ////// ࢺؐ//////ʶ//////
ʟཌ ʟཌ
ዑ႓//////͟ސ////// ዑ႓//////͟ސ////// ʳސ//////////// ʳސ////////////
ਸ਼ʟ//////̾ʹ ਸ਼ʟ//////̾ʹ 18-10 You have received a job offer. Now you are at your professor’s office to thank him/her for his/her help with your application. What are you going to say to him/her? Work with your partner and act out this conversation.
ಪռ ಪռ
֧//////ᆇᛪ0ᇩ ֧//////ᆇᛪ0ᇩ
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ɻਝؿɍଐพ ɻਝؿɍଐพ The Service Industry in China In the past few decades, China whose job is to read newspapers Do you know… has moved from a centrally to or chat with elderly people s WHYTHESERVICE INDUSTRYIN#HINA planned to a market economy. who feel lonely because their HASGREATLYEXPANDED This has changed the ༄ᐼӜဘ children are too busy to keep DURINGRECENT DECADES them company. )༄ᐼӜဘ* [jXngjì xíngtài] s HOWTHE#HINESE (economic patterns) of the As China has opened further GOVERNMENTHASTRIED country, and the وਜ਼! to the outside world, the service TOEASETHEPRESSURES CAUSEDBY industry has become even more )وਜ਼* [fúwùyè] (service UNEMPLOYMENT industry), also called the third expansive, with new services, such s THESCOPEOF#HINAS SERVICEINDUSTRY industry, has greatly expanded, as nannies who speak foreign #ANYOULISTSOME creating new kinds of job languages, appearing as a result of SERVICESTYPICAL IN#HINABUTNOTIN opportunities. the increasing number of foreign OTHERCOUNTRIES The fast development of the diplomats, business people, and Read and find out! services industry is partly the foreign students living and result of the market economy working in China. Other services vÀV}ÊÃÌ>ÌiÜi`ÊLÕÃiÃÃiÃÊ typically found in Chinese cities into bankruptcy, resulting in large numbers include Ⴉґ)Ⴉґ* [w`ngbV] (Internet of unemployed workers. In order to ease bars), filled with young adults around the these unemployment pressures, the clock; ॊґ [y`ngbV] (oxygen bars), where government has developed new job positions, people refresh their lungs with oxygen or mainly in service businesses, for the ʮર other breathing systems; and ఝґ [táobV] [xiàg`ng rényuán] (ceramics or pottery bars), popular with ʡࢷ)ʮરʡࢷ* >`vvÊÜÀiÀî° young people for expressing their artistic With the rapid development of the creativity. ఋݸᆞ˛̖ [zúbù ànmó economy, daily life for ordinary people has zhYngxXn] (foot massaging centers), for >ÃÊLiViÊÀiÊv>ÃÌ«>Vi`°Ê >ÞÊÜÀ}Ê receiving Chinese herbal medical treatment people are no longer able to spend as much for feet, have also become extremely time as they used to taking care of household popular. Of course, the service industry also chores or elderly parents. This has created, includes conventional services such as in turn, a need for new services such as advertising, finance and banking, insurance, certified housekeepers, care providers for the real estate, law, and restaurants and sick and the elderly, and daily companions shopping. 599
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Lesson 18
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The Interview
The service industry in China is very broad. Here, some women make silk flowers.
These women work at a foot-massage spa. Do these kinds of spas exist in your country? Can you give some examples of the kinds of services available?
問題討論 (問題討論) Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
請說說美國有什麼樣的服務業？ 請說說美國有什麼樣的服務業？
Name some service industries that exist in the US. 2.
在你的國家和文化，如果有人失業 ([shcyè]: unemployed) 了，他會想怎麼 做？ 在你的國家和文化，如果有人失業了，他會想怎麼做？ What kinds of services for the unemployed exist in your country or community?
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The Interview
601
መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE ̩ཿьᕨ ̩ཿьᕨ To offer one’s services (as Mao Sui did)
! !
Máo
Suì
zì
jiàn
̩! ̩!
ཿ! ཿ!
ь! ь!
ᕨ ᕨ
Mao
Sui
self
to recommend
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. In traditional Chinese culture, modesty is a virtue. Therefore, Chinese generally do not recommend themselves for jobs. What are your comments on this? 2. What is the situation in your culture? Find an expression in your language that indicates a similar or opposite meaning.
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The Interview
Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! ׃າᄤй ׃າᄤй Job Services Advertisement This is an advertisement for a company that provides employment services. Read it and answer the questions below.
ɮАʨΔ ׃າᄤйᓻพʍଽ ཇڟરѝͫФ3000˯0̢̅̾ʮᒠྍē їࢷ̜އĎĎᑊࢷĎНᄚࢷĎ۳ЊࢷĎྫབྷኛੵĎ̘݊وਜ਼Ď ኛੵ̈́)ےਜ਼ࢷ*Ď߂ᄌࢷˎĎჽᏢਨᏡوਜ਼ࢷĎಽˎĎ! ސ̺ڟՏĄ శѳᒠྍ800˯ͫސਔᔈĕ ϩНʣޅዽ˗֎ФૌΡ߀๎༎ĕվґĕ ސڱؖվأ༒ĎސڱؖվԑᕛĎ ˎѰ̈ϴหૌڟʡΡ˞ĕ Notes:
રѝ)રѝ* [g`ngwèi]: post, position ᒠྍ)ᒠྍ* [xXnchóu]: salary, pay ї)އї[ *އxíngzhèng]: administrative ̜ࢷ)̜ࢷ* [wényuán]: civilian personnel Нᄚࢷ)Нᄚࢷ* [shYuyínyuán]: cashier ۳Њࢷ)۳Њࢷ* [b`o’Vnyuán]: security guard ̈́[ *ے̈́)ےdàibi`o]: representative ਜ਼ࢷ)ਜ਼ࢷ* [yèwùyuán]: business representatives ߂ᄌ)߂ᄌ* [pàiqi`n]: to dispatch ಽˎ)ಽˎ* [pdgY}R\Ê}iiÀ>]ÊÃi`ÊÜÀiÀÃ ̺Տ)̺Տ* [zhdjué]: leading role ਔᔈ)ਔᔈ* [qbdi`n]: starting point
׃ າ
Lesson 18
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The Interview
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. What is the full name of the company? 2. What kinds of jobs are available? 3. How much can you expect to earn each month? 4. What is the minimum monthly salary of the jobs provided here? 5. What does หૌڟʡΡ˞)หૌڟʡΡ˞* mean here?
603
604
Review
నୌ నୌ Review LESSON 17 TO LESSON 18 I. Dialogue Suppose both you and your good friend are graduating in a few months and you are now preparing to apply for jobs. Yesterday, you attended a lecture given at the career center of your university. Now you are sharing with your friend what you have learned about job applications. Work with your partner to act out the conversation. Please use the following in your talk. 1. Useful expressions:
ᒿࣴĎᕏጣĎቒᖕĎࠏ͎ĎࡧᔈĎأ༒Ď۬ऀĎʮཷĎ ᒿࣴĎᕏጣĎቒᖕĎࠏ͎ĎࡧᔈĎأ༒Ď۬ऀĎʮཷĎ ےिĎ૰ᕨĎନχĎ౷˛̖ ےिĎ૰ᕨĎନχĎ౷˛̖
2. Grammar: a. Rhetorical sentence pattern
b. Procedural conjunctions
or
ᘲཾ˚)ސԠФ*//////ʟฝĔ ᘲཾ˚)ސԠФ*//////ʟฝĔ
ࡶϑ//////ഓݣ//////శݣ0ʮ͞////// ࡶϑ//////ഓݣ//////శݣ0ʮ͞////// ʙԏ//////Ďʠԏ//////Ďഓݣ//////Ďశݣ////// ʙԏ//////Ďʠԏ//////Ďഓݣ//////Ďశݣ//////
II. Conversation You just came back from an interview at a consulting company. Now you are telling your mother about the interview. Work with your partner to act out the conversation. The following are the clues you need to follow. 1. Explain the nature of the job you are applying for. 2. Give a short introduction about the company. 3. Say why you think you are qualified for the job. Notes:
ဇ//////๐፹ቸĎ֧//////ᆇᛪ0ᇩĎԑ˞˚ુĎਸ਼ʟ//////̾ʹ ဇ//////๐፹ቸĎ֧//////ᆇᛪ0ᇩĎԑ˞˚ુĎਸ਼ʟ//////̾ʹ
Review
605
Conjunctions:
˚႓////////////Ďഒባ//////ʶ//////Ď˚ސ//////фސ//////Ď ˚႓////////////Ďഒባ//////ʶ//////Ď˚ސ//////фސ//////Ď ʙᘞ//////ʙᘞ//////Ďʳސ////// ʙᘞ//////ʙᘞ//////Ďʳސ////// III. Picture Description Work in small groups to describe the following pictures using procedural expressions and at least three (sets of) conjunctions you have learned. Remember that you need to rearrange the order of these pictures.
(1)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(5)
606
Review
IV. Traditional and Simplified Characters Work in small groups. Read each character aloud and write its traditional form. Then make a phrase and a sentence using the character. Example: L17: L18:
ᘲ l ᘲ l ᘲཾ l ᘲཾѱԠФΧቜˎѰฝĔ
ဂ )! ಈ )! ፹ )! ጊ )!
* * * *
ጣ )! ᆌ )! ᛪ )! ᕑ )!
* * * *
ᒿ )! ᇅ )! വ )! ባ )!
* * * *
ᕨ )! *
ᕏ )! *
)! *
)! *
ၾ )! *
ટ )! *
ɊȾᇾ ɊȾᇾ L E S S O N
ፕእɮА ፕእɮА
Choosing a Job
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. Are there foreign companies in your country? Do your fellow citizens like to work there?
Working in a foreign company is a dream job for young people in China.
ઠነ͌ᅟ ઠነ͌ᅟ OBJECTIVES ®
Describe choices
®
Express agreement or disagreement
®
Use emphasis
®
Discuss job benefits
2. Which is more important to you—salary, work environment, or potential for professional development?
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Lesson 19
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Choosing a Job
́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ᘹ
ᘹ
nìngyuàn
Conj.
would rather . . . than
2.
ۜᎊ
ۜᎊ
jXnróng
N.
finance
3.
уᆌ
уᆌ
k`oll
V.
to consider
N.
consideration
4.
Ϳ
Ϳ
shìch`ng
N.
market
5.
ುॉ
ುॉ
jbngqì
Adj.
prosperous
6.
ᙯڌ
ᙯڌ
jìngzhWng
V.
to compete
N.
competition
V.
to congratulate
N.
congratulations
7.
ঢඳ
ঢඳ
zhùhè
8.
ᒾඎ
ᒾඎ
qiVnxZ
Adj.
modest
9.
ོ
ོ
xìngyùn
Adj.
lucky
10.
ˎཥ
ˎཥ
gYngzX
N.
salary
11.
ۜ
ۜ
jXn
N.
gold
12.
fànw`n
N.
rice bowl
13.
ᗧס
ᗧס
wandìng
Adj.
stable
14.
!྄ݟ
!྄ݟ
dàiyù
N.
salary and benefits
15.
Бᒠ
Бᒠ
niánxXn
N.
annual salary
16.
ਔᒠ
ਔᒠ
qbxXn
N.
starting salary
17.
wàn
Num.
ten thousand
Lesson 19
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
®
Choosing a Job
e^cn^c
18.
ڶϋ
19.
કક કક
pópomVmV
20.
Հత
Հత
jiZjìng
Adv.
after all
21.
ᖂᑛ
ᖂᑛ
yXliáo
N.
medical treatment
22.
ངථ
ངථ
bdtiW
V.
to compensate
N.
allowance
ڶϋ
gdfèn
N.
stock wordy, over-elaborate
23.
)*
)*
xiZ (kè)
V.
to study, take (a class)
24.
ደ
ደ
xuéfèi
N.
tuition
25.
ႋҁ
ႋҁ
fúlì
N.
welfare, benefit
26.
ങᎣ
ങᎣ
yóuyù
V.
to hesitate
27.
־ഓ
־ഓ
gùrán
Conj.
admittedly, though of course
28.
ᑗ
ᑗ
huánjìng
N.
environment, surroundings
29.
ሂဂ
ሂဂ
quèshí
Adv.
indeed, really
30.
ᎊ߁
ᎊ߁
róngqià
Adj.
harmonious
31.
ʰͧ
ʰͧ
shàngsX
N.
boss, supervisor
32.
ᓈ
ᓈ
zhuàn
V.
to earn or make (money)
ਿΊ ਿΊ Proper Nouns igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
ֺർ۬
ֺർ۬
ZhYu Huáxìn
N.
(name) Huaxin Zhou
2.
ۜΕ
ۜΕ
JXn XXnmín
N.
(name) Xinmin Jin
609
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Lesson 19
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Choosing a Job
ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns
୪ϵ౷Ϳ˚̊ುॉĎ͟ܓސ ୪ϵ౷Ϳ˚̊ುॉĎ͟ܓސ Xiànzài jiùyè shìch`ng bú tài jbngqì, kashì què
Фʭ˴ͧࡌѱĎѱʟ˚ਔĕ Фʭ˴ͧࡌѱĎѱʟ˚ਔĕ ycu sVnge gYngsX yào nb, nb zhWn li`obuqb!
ࡌӲЁˎڟѰۨࡌФЁڟ ࡌӲЁˎڟѰۨࡌФЁڟ Yào zh`o h`ode gYngzuò fWiyào ycu h`ode
ନχ˚͟Ąቢڟନχ˚Ё˚їĕ ନχ˚͟Ąቢڟନχ˚Ё˚їĕ
tiáojiàn bùka. Shéi de tiáojiàn bù h`o dYu bùxíng!
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611
V:! եࣜ˃ܘཚ˴ͧ൝ˎڟཥ̨ྲྀĄ
! եࣜ˃ܘཚ˴ͧ൝ˎڟཥ̨ྲྀĄ
NàjiV dà zXxún gYngsX gai de gYngzX bbjiào gVo.
W:! Өࢇᘹۜ͞ᎊᄚїĄ
! Өࢇᘹۜ͞ᎊᄚїĄ
Wc dào nìngyuàn qù jXnróng yínháng.
V:! ࡌӨჳĎͫࡌऌڟᏀϻ ! ࡌӨჳĎͫࡌऌڟᏀϻ Yào wc shuY, zhb yào ná de qián duY
! ౷їʟĄ ! ౷їʟĄ jiù xíng le.
W:! Өࢇ˚̊ϣ๎ĄᏀ־ഓࡧࡌĎ ! Өࢇ˚̊ϣ๎ĄᏀ־ഓࡧࡌĎ
Zhè wc dào bú tài tóngyì. Qián gùrán zhòngyào,
! ͟ᓙФ̨ͺԁࡧࡌڟĄ ! ͟ᓙФ̨ͺԁࡧࡌڟĄ
ka háiycu bb tV gèng zhòngyào de.
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Choosing a Job
ᇾʼ Language in Use: “Have You Had Any Job Offers?” ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
ֺർ۬ē!ΕĎѱˎѰӲુݩᅄᆺĔ ۜΕē!Фʭϴ̟֧ʟӨڟΧቜĎʙۜސᎊᄚїĎ֍ܘސཚ ˴ͧĄ֍̈ӨΓϵуᆌ֧ࢺʙֹĄ ֺർ۬ē!ڟฝĔ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼᓙԠӇϒݮಈĎ౷Ϳᓙ˚̊ುॉĎ! ᙯۨڌલᅗࣛĎ͟ܓސФʭ 1. ʟ˚ਔ)ʟ˚ਔ* ࣜ˴ͧࡌѱĎѱʟ˚ਔ1ĕ ʟ˚ਔ)ʟ˚ਔ* means “amazing, ঢඳѱĄ extraordinary.” This expression is used to ۜΕē!ᓂᓂĄ˚྆Өᚈુ̺ࡌސӨ show amazement. It can be used to describe a person or a thing. The negative form is ོڟॉ̨ྲྀЁĄ “Ԡ˧ᅄʟ˚ਔ)Ԡ˧ᅄʟ˚ਔ*.” ֺർ۬ē!ѿᒾඎʟ2ĄࡌӲЁˎڟѰۨ ࡌФЁڟନχ˚͟Ąቢڟନ 2. ѿᒾඎʟ)ѿᒾඎʟ* χ˚Ё˚їĕ ѿᒾඎʟ)ѿᒾඎʟ*: don’t be modest. ۜΕē!ʶ˚ӇϒЃЪĎӨᓙྲྀ̨ސ This is an expression spoken tongue-incheek. Generally in China modesty is a ڟོĄ virtue, but here it implies that the speaker ֺർ۬ē!եѱ֗уᆌ͞ࢺࣜ˴ͧ does not appreciate the modesty expressed by the previous speaker. It may be said ֹĔ either as a joke or as a serious statement. ۜΕē!͟ސեࣜ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧ ґĎ͂࢈൝ˎڟཥ̨ྲྀĄ ֺർ۬ē!Өࢇᘹۜ͞ᎊᄚїĕۜ ĎΈ˚কĄ ۜΕē!ѱჳુࢇʶဇĄᄚїˎڟѰ ̨ྲྀᗧסĎ྄ݟʶݞЁĄ 3. ᒠ)ᒠ* ֺർ۬ē!˚྆ᓙࡌ͂࢈̿൝ѱϻ̍ ᒠ)ᒠ* means “salary or wages.” It is the abbreviated form of ᒠ̫)ᒠ̫*, e.g., ਔᒠ Бᒠ3ֹĄ )ਔᒠ* (beginning salary), ̢ᒠ)̢ᒠ* ۜΕē!ᄚї൝Өڟਔᒠ˲ސĎˉ (monthly salary), and Бᒠ)Бᒠ* (annual salary). ˎཥ)ˎཥ*!is also used. Today, ܘڟཚ˴ͧސˤʠĎ˃ڟ is commonly used in mainland ˎཥ)ˎཥ* ސˤˤĎ˚྆͂࢈ސʰ China while ᒠ̫)ᒠ̫* is used in Taiwan. Ϳ˴ͧĎ̾͟൝Ө˴ͧڶڟ ϋĄ
Continued on page 614
Lesson 19
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: “Have You Had Any Job Offers?” ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
ֺർ۬ē!ΕĎѱˎѰӲુݩᅄᆺĔ ۜΕē!Фʭϴ̟֧ʟӨڟΧቜĎʙۜސᎊᄚїĎ֍ܘސཚ ˴ͧĄ֍̈ӨΓϵуᆌ֧ࢺʙֹĄ ֺർ۬ē!ڟฝĔ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼᓙԠӇϒݮ ಈĎ౷Ϳᓙ˚̊ುॉĎᙯڌ ۨલᅗࣛĎ͟ܓސФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌ ѱĎѱʟ˚ਔ1ĕঢඳѱĄ ۜΕē!ᓂᓂĄ˚྆Өᚈુ̺ࡌސӨོڟ ॉ̨ྲྀЁĄ ֺർ۬ē!ѿᒾඎʟ2ĄࡌӲЁˎڟѰۨࡌФ Ёڟନχ˚͟Ąቢڟନχ˚Ё ˚їĕ ۜΕē!ʶ˚ӇϒЃЪĎӨᓙོྲྀ̨ސ ڟĄ ֺർ۬ē!եѱ֗уᆌ͞ࢺࣜ˴ֹͧĔ ۜΕē!͟ސեࣜ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧґĎ͂࢈൝ˎڟཥ̨ྲྀĄ ֺർ۬ē!Өࢇᘹۜ͞ᎊᄚїĕۜĎΈ˚কĄ ۜΕē!ѱჳુࢇʶဇĄᄚїˎڟѰ̨ྲྀᗧסĎ྄ݟʶݞЁĄ ֺർ۬ē!˚྆ᓙࡌ͂࢈̿൝ѱϻ̍Бᒠ3ֹĄ ۜΕē!ᄚї൝Өڟਔᒠ˲ސĎˉܘڟཚ˴ͧސˤʠĎ˃ސڟˤ ˤĎ˚྆͂࢈ސʰͿ˴ͧĎ̾͟൝Ө˴ͧڶڟϋĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: “Have You Had Any Job Offers?” ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version —– અʒϛȹɊɀࠒ
ֺർ۬ē!ᆺ˅˚ݞᎿ࿘ĕե౷ԚסʟґĄ ۜΕē!͂͟࢈ಪռ྄ݟڟᓙސФᔈ 4. ુʟĎુʟ)ુʟĎુʟ* ˚ʙᆺĄ ુʟĎુʟ)ુʟĎુʟ*: all right, all ֺർ۬ē!ુʟĎુʟ4ĕѱސકક right, just go ahead. This is an idiomatic expression used mostly in spoken Chinese. 5ڟĄЁґĎჳჳĎՀత You may use one or two or even three ુʟ Ф˧ᅄ˚ʙᆺĔ )ુʟ* in succession. ۜΕē!͂࢈ڟਝτࡎഫַᖂᑛ۳Ꮞ ࣯˚ϻĎ͎࣯ڟངථʶݞ 5. કક)કક* ĄѮސĎЃَ̾ݣӨ๑ϔ͞ કક)કક* means “like an old woman.” It implies “indecisiveness” and ʙղࠂՀΡڟĎᄚї͟ “hesitation” and is generally used in a ̾ಪռደངථĎфܘཚ˴ negative way. ͧܓԠФ̟ڟႋҁĄؚ ̾ӨФᔈങᎣĄ 6. ࡌӨჳ)ࡌӨჳ* ֺർ۬ē!ࡌӨჳ6Ď൝ڟᏀϻ౷їĄ ࡌӨჳ)ࡌӨჳ* means “if you ask ۜΕē!Өࢇ˚̊ϣ๎ĄဇӨվჳĎ me . . . .” It is a very idiomatic expression used to introduce what the speaker’s Ꮐ־ഓࡧࡌĎ͟ˎѰᑗԁ opinion is. It is a colloquial expression used ࡧࡌĄ mainly in spoken Chinese. ֺർ۬ē!եࢇʶސĄФढĎФʙЁ ˎڟѰᑗሂဂ̨ˎཥڟϻ̍ԁࡧࡌĄ ۜΕē!֏ဂӨ๑͞եࣜ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧĎჳեڟϣձᘰݞ۽ᎊ ߁ĎʰͧʶݞЁĄ ֺർ۬ē!ʙᔈࢇۨސલࡧࡌڟĄ ۜΕē!Өڍڍʶჳē!ņѱᓙБᄆĎᏀ̾ݣᒂᓈુ֗Ď͟ސЁˎڟѰ ᑗސ˚ܓեᅄ࣠ڟ֗ુؾĄŇ ֺർ۬ē!ѱڍڍჳુФཾ୩Ď͂ڟԠᎿĄ
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: “Have You Had Any Job Offers?” ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version —– અʒϛȹɊɍࠒ
ֺർ۬ē!ᆺ˅˚ݞᎿ࿘ĕե౷ԚסʟґĄ ۜΕē!͂͟࢈ಪռ྄ݟڟᓙސФᔈ˚ʙᆺĄ ֺർ۬ē!ુʟĎુʟ4ĕѱސકક5ڟĄЁґĎჳჳĎՀతФ˧ ᅄ˚ʙᆺĔ ۜΕē!͂࢈ڟਝτࡎ࿒ַᖂᑛ۳Ꮞ࣯˚ϻĎ͎࣯ڟངථʶݞĄ ѮސĎЃَ̾ݣӨ๑ϔ͞ʙղࠂՀΡڟĎᄚї̾͟ಪռ ደངථĎфܘཚ˴ͧܓԠФ̟ڟႋҁĄؚ̾ӨФᔈ ങᎣĄ ֺർ۬ē!ࡌӨჳ6Ď൝ڟᏀϻ౷їĄ ۜΕē!Өࢇ˚̊ϣ๎ĄဇӨվჳĎᏀ־ഓࡧࡌĎ͟ˎѰᑗԁࡧ ࡌĄ ֺർ۬ē!եࢇʶސĄФढĎФʙЁˎڟѰᑗሂဂ̨ˎཥڟϻ̍ ԁࡧࡌĄ ۜΕē!֏ဂӨ๑͞եࣜ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧĎჳեڟϣձᘰݞ۽ᎊ ߁ĎʰͧʶݞЁĄ ֺർ۬ē!ʙᔈࢇۨސલࡧࡌڟĄ ۜΕē!Өڍڍʶჳē!ņѱᓙБᄆĎᏀ̾ݣᒂᓈુ֗Ď͟ސЁˎڟѰ ᑗސ˚ܓեᅄ࣠ڟ֗ુؾĄŇ ֺർ۬ē!ѱڍڍჳુФཾ୩Ď͂ڟԠᎿĄ
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ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. Adverbs Expressing Tone of Voice/Mood Tone of voice is always very hard to express in any language. In Chinese, tone of voice is sometimes expressed through the use of adverbs. The most commonly used adverbs for this purpose are *ܓ)ܓ, ࢇ, ֗, and Հత. As they are all adverbs, they are placed before the verb. A.
*ܓ)ܓ: an adverb used to mean “but.” Examples:
ᙯڌᅄᅗࣛĎܓФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌѱĕ ᙯڌᅄᅗࣛĎܓФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌѱĕ The competition is so intense, but three companies want to hire you!
ӨФЁϻձࡌੈĎࢺૃཾڣ˚ܓזĄ ӨФЁϻձࡌੈĎࢺૃཾڣ˚ܓזĄ
I have lots of work to do, but don’t know where to start.
͂ჳӲ֗ʟˎѰĎ˚ܓҙටӨ˧ސᅄˎѰĄ ͂ჳӲ֗ʟˎѰĎ˚ܓҙටӨ˧ސᅄˎѰĄ He said he had found a job, but would not tell me what.
ӨశۖДુࡌЫĎ͂ܓჳ˚ཾڣӨϵๆ˧ᅄĄ ӨశۖДુࡌЫĎ͂ܓჳ˚ཾڣӨϵๆ˧ᅄĄ
I’ve been extremely busy lately, but he said he did not know what I was doing. Note: If the subject in the *ܓ)ܓclause is the same as the one in the previous clause, it is usually omitted. However, if the subject is different it must be included. B.
ࢇ: an adverb that can be used in several ways: a. As “but,” “on the contrary,” or “not as what was expected.” Examples:
ѱჳ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧ˚ᎿĎӨࢇᘹۜ͞ᎊᄚїĄ ѱჳ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧ˚ᎿĎӨࢇᘹۜ͞ᎊᄚїĄ
You say the big consulting company is good, but I would prefer the financial bank.
Өݞጊ̖͂Ӳ˚֗ˎѰĎ)͟ࢇ͂*ސᚈુԠ˧ᅄĄ Өݞጊ̖͂Ӳ˚֗ˎѰĎ)͟ࢇ͂*ސᚈુԠ˧ᅄĄ
I am worried that he will not find a job, but (unexpectedly) he doesn’t care.
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ӨϬʟ͂ڟᗾĎ)˚ѮԠФЁ*Ո˅ࢇԁঃʟĄ ӨϬʟ͂ڟᗾĎ)˚ѮԠФЁ*Ո˅ࢇԁঃʟĄ
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After taking his medicine, (instead of getting better) my stomach ache got even worse.
ѱ̊݊ॉʟĎࢇӨᚈુ˚Ё๎ݦʟĄ ѱ̊݊ॉʟĎࢇӨᚈુ˚Ё๎ݦʟĄ
You are too polite, which has made me feel embarrassed. Ê Ê Ê
Ê Ê Ê
Ê
Ê
Notes: UÊ ÊV>ʺ]»ÊÕÃÌÊLiÊÕÃi`ÊLiÌÜiiÊÌ
iÊÌÜÊV>ÕÃið UÊ ࢇ generally has a stronger tone than *ܓ)ܓ. UÊ ࢇ must be used following a previous statement that provides the context for the unexpected result. UÊ ÊÌ
ÃÊÕÃ>}i]ÊÜiÊ>ÞÊ>ÃÊÕÃiÊ̆ࢇ which has exactly the same meaning.
b. To express concession. Examples:
ѱჳࢇڟʶဇĎˎѰᑗࡌࡧݞސĄ ѱჳࢇڟʶဇĎˎѰᑗࡌࡧݞސĄ
All right, what you said is right. The work environment is very important.
ᄚїˎڟѰ)ᗧސࢇ*סᗧסĎ౷ˎސཥ˚̊Ą ᄚїˎڟѰ)ᗧސࢇ*סᗧסĎ౷ˎސཥ˚̊Ą
Working at a bank is stable all right, but the pay is not very good.
ϪЅӨࢇސჳ྆Ď͂ϵࢺˎѰӨ౷ސ˚ુʟĄ ϪЅӨࢇސჳ྆Ď͂ϵࢺˎѰӨ౷ސ˚ુʟĄ I have heard this name all right, but I just don’t remember where he works.
Өࢇސː༄୳ʟĎ౷ˎސѰᓙԠФӲ֗Ą Өࢇސː༄୳ʟĎ౷ˎސѰᓙԠФӲ֗Ą I have graduated all right, but have not found a job yet. Notes: When used to express concession, Ê Ê
Ê Ê
UÊ ÊV>ʺ]»ÊÕÃÌÊLiÊÕÃi`ÊLiÌÜiiÊÌ
iÊÌÜÊV>ÕÃið UÊ ࢇ is generally placed in the first clause.
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c. To force somebody to do something right away. It is generally used when the speaker gets frustrated at somebody else’s behavior. Examples:
ѱࢇސӤվ੭ĕ ѱࢇސӤվ੭ĕ (Implies that it is already past the time for you to come)
ѱࢇސӤᔈԚסҢĕ ѱࢇސӤᔈԚסҢĕ (Implies that there is no time for us to delay the decision any longer) Notes: UÊ 7
iÊÕÃi`ÊÊÌ
ÃÊÜ>Þ]Êࢇ ސis generally used instead of only ࢇ. UÊ Ê«>ÀÌViÊ`V>Ì}Ê`]ÊÃÕV
Ê>ÃÊҢ or ੭, must be used at the end of the sentence.
Ê Ê
Ê Ê
C.
֗: when used in a statement, it means “eventually” or “at last” to express the idea that something has finally happened after many twists and turns. In a question, it means “after all” to indicate that the speaker wants to get to the bottom of a situation. Examples:
͂уᆌʟݞʴĎ֗ᓙ͞ސեࣜܘཚ˴ͧˎѰʟĕ ͂уᆌʟݞʴĎ֗ᓙ͞ސեࣜܘཚ˴ͧˎѰʟĕ He has finally decided to take the job offer from the consulting company! (Implying that he had thought a lot before he finally decided to accept the job offer)
Өᙎ͂ᙎʟեᅄʴĎ͂֗ᓙސϣ๎ӨჳڟབྷʟĄ Өᙎ͂ᙎʟեᅄʴĎ͂֗ᓙސϣ๎ӨჳڟབྷʟĄ
He has eventually agreed with what I said. (Implying that it took quite a lot of effort to persuade him to agree)
)ѱჳࣜ˴ͧʶЁĎեࣜ˴ͧʶЁĎ*!ѱ֗Ԛͧ˴ࣜࢺ͞סҢĔ )ѱჳࣜ˴ͧʶЁĎեࣜ˴ͧʶЁĎ*!ѱ֗Ԛͧ˴ࣜࢺ͞סҢĔ (Implying “Come on, tell me, which company have you decided to go with after all?)
ѿങᎣʟĎҙටӨĎѱ֗ᓙ๑˚๑уࠂՀΡĔ ѿങᎣʟĎҙටӨĎѱ֗ᓙ๑˚๑уࠂՀΡĔ (Implying that you have been hesitating and I have become impatient, so just tell me whether you still want to take the entrance exam to a graduate school)
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Notes: UÊ ֗ can be placed either immediately before the major verb of a sentence or before its subject. UÊ 7
iÊÕÃi`ÊÊ>ÊÃÌ>ÌiiÌ]Ê֗ can be replaced by தՀ)தՀ* ([zhYngjiZ]: eventually), while in a question it can be used interchangeably with Հత ([jiZjìng]: actually). >> Try
it! With a partner in the class, practice questions and answers using the expressions for tones of voice listed above. For example,
! !
V:! ѱ֗๑˚๑ඵͮྫ༞ĔӨ࢈ᅄᄉվĎѱ˚ܓඵʟĄ ! ѱ֗๑˚๑ඵͮྫ༞ĔӨ࢈ᅄᄉվĎѱ˚ܓඵʟĄ
! !
W:! ͮྫ༞̊පʟĎӨඵ˚ਔĄӨࢇ๑ඵեͮĎ˚̊පĎʶݞЁĄ ! ͮྫ༞̊පʟĎӨඵ˚ਔĄӨࢇ๑ඵեͮĎ˚̊පĎʶݞЁĄ
II. Conjunction ՞ಳ
־ഓ is a conjunction generally used to acknowledge a certain existing fact and at the same time to introduce an adversative fact. Sometimes it may also be used to acknowledge the first fact, while at the same time not denying the truth of the second. Examples:
Ꮐ־ഓࡧࡌĎ)Ѯˎ*ސѰᑗԁࡧࡌĄ Ꮐ־ഓࡧࡌĎ)Ѯˎ*ސѰᑗԁࡧࡌĄ
Money is important all right, but the working environment is even more important.
˴ͧ˃ʙղ־ഓЁĎ)͟*ސФढˉ˴ͧጠԁϻĄ ˴ͧ˃ʙղ־ഓЁĎ)͟*ސФढˉ˴ͧጠԁϻĄ
It is true that a large company is good, but a small company may sometimes provide more opportunities. Notes: UÊ ־ഓ can be used together with Ѯ ސor ͟ސ, but the latter may also be omitted. UÊ ־ഓ must be used before the main verb of the first clause. It is generally not placed before the subject.
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it! With a partner, practice asking and answering questions using the expression ՞ಳ. For example,
! !
V:! ѱߏ˧ᅄ˚๑͞˴ͧĔ ! ѱߏ˧ᅄ˚๑͞˴ͧĔ
! !
W:! ˴ͧ൝Өˎڟཥ־ഓ˚ᎿĎѮސӨ˚̊ᜍͺˎڟѰᑗĄ ! ˴ͧ൝Өˎڟཥ־ഓ˚ᎿĎѮސӨ˚̊ᜍͺˎڟѰᑗĄ
III. Emphasis in Chinese Sentences (continued from Lesson 16) ڈɺ˿ (must, have to)
ۨ//////˚͟ is commonly used for emphasis in Chinese. Examples:
ࡌӲЁˎѰۨФЁڟନχ˚͟ĕ)ѱʙࡌסФЁڟନχĎҏ܌ѱӲ˚֗ ЁˎѰĄ* ࡌӲЁˎѰۨФЁڟନχ˚͟ĕ)ѱʙࡌסФЁڟନχĎҏ܌ѱӲ˚֗ ЁˎѰĄ* ̈قѱۨ͞ᒿࣴ˚͟Ą)ڟ̈قᒿࣴۨલࡧࡌĎѱʙ͞ࡌסĄ* ̈قѱۨ͞ᒿࣴ˚͟Ą)ڟ̈قᒿࣴۨલࡧࡌĎѱʙ͞ࡌסĄ* ˴ͧჳӨ͟˚࣯͎ۨ̈قĄ)Ӫقʙ࣯͎͞ࡌסĎ˚ഓ˴ͧтᓳ˚ ፹ڟĄ* ˴ͧჳӨ͟˚࣯͎ۨ̈قĄ)Ӫقʙ࣯͎͞ࡌסĎ˚ഓ˴ͧтᓳ˚ ፹ڟĄ* уࠂՀΡۨࡌڟ૰ᕨ۬˚͟Ą)ԠФڟ૰ᕨ۬Ďݞᘲуુʰ ࠂՀΡĄ* уࠂՀΡۨࡌڟ૰ᕨ۬˚͟Ą)ԠФڟ૰ᕨ۬Ďݞᘲуુʰ ࠂՀΡĄ*
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it! With a partner, construct a short dialogue using the pattern ڈɺ˿ . For example,
! !
V:! ѱᕏጣચ͎͞ʟฝĔ ! ѱᕏጣચ͎͞ʟฝĔ
! !
W:! ᓙԠФֹĄӨۨ̈قચ˚͟ʟĄ
! ᓙԠФֹĄӨۨ̈قચ˚͟ʟĄ
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
Choosing a Company ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
Ͳ̢ˤ̠! ! ! ޑೈʠ! ! ! ̈ॉēಿ ̈ޒʰ˿Ө֗ʟ֍ࣜ˴ͧΈվྫڟབྷĎ͂࢈ː༄Ԛס֧Ө ڟΧቜʟĎӨ፹ʟĕࡌཾڣĎ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼٷᓙԠФӇϒݮಈĎ ౷Ϳᓙ̊˚ސುॉĎӲˎѰ˚࣠ؾĄΧቜˎѰڟढĎӨʶΧቜ ʟࠂՀΡĎລరЃَӲ˚֗ˎѰĎ౷ϑ͞पĄ Ф֍ࣜ˴ͧࡌӨސχЁձĎ͟ސ Հత͞ࢺʙࣜ˴ͧܓӨݞᘲԚסĄ֍ ࣜ˴ͧݞЁĎˎѰؒڟቴʶ࣯˚ϻĄ ͂࢈൝Өಪռˎڟཥַႋҁ྄ݟ˚ݞ ᎿĎ˚ѮФᖂᑛ۳ᏎĎᓙФݞЁڟਝτ ࡎഫĄ Ө̮ڟΔʙڢӔଖӨ͞ࠂՀΡ ĎӨᚈુᙷᛉደ־ഓࡌࡧݞĎ͟ސ ઊϑ͞ˎѰďደᔈ༄Ďեʶ˚ᎿĄ Өϵ๑ĎࡌސӨʙᘞˎѰĎʙᘞደ Ď˚ۆᏀ౷ऌ֗ʙႈˁደѝĎ ᘲཾ˚ސʙᒞ֍ુڟЁձฝĔ ˚྆ࢇڍڍಪᎺʟӨʙχձē˴ͧ ˎڟѰᑗݩᅄᆺĔ͂ჳĎ˚႓ϵࢺˎѰĎϣձ˞ڟᘰ۽ࡧݞ ࡌĄ վӨᓙᄯࡌϻʟཌʙʮ֍ࣜ˴ͧڟٷĎЁЁϴ̨ྲྀ̨ྲྀĎ ഓݣϔੈԚסĄ Notes:
ಿ)ಿ* [qíng]: sunny ؒቴ)ؒቴ* [xìngzhì]: nature [ *ۆ)ۆhuV]: to spend (money or time) ʙᒞ֍ુ)ʙᒞ֍ુ* [yìjdli`ngdé]: to kill two birds with one stone ಪᎺ)ಪᎺ* [tíxbng]: to remind
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
Choosing a Company ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
Ͳ̢ˤ̠! ! ! ޑೈʠ! ! ! ̈ॉēಿ ̈ޒʰ˿Ө֗ʟ֍ࣜ˴ͧΈվྫڟབྷĎ͂࢈ː༄Ԛס֧Ө ڟΧቜʟĎӨ፹ʟĕࡌཾڣĎ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼٷᓙԠФӇϒݮಈĎ ౷Ϳᓙ̊˚ސುॉĎӲˎѰ˚࣠ؾĄΧቜˎѰڟढĎӨʶΧቜ ʟࠂՀΡĎລరЃَӲ˚֗ˎѰĎ౷ϑ͞पĄ Ф֍ࣜ˴ͧࡌӨސχЁձĎ͟ސՀత͞ࢺʙࣜ˴ͧܓӨݞ ᘲԚסĄ֍ࣜ˴ͧݞЁĎˎѰؒڟቴʶ࣯˚ϻĄ͂࢈൝Өಪռˎڟ ཥַႋҁ྄ݟ˚ݞᎿĎ˚ѮФᖂᑛ۳ᏎĎᓙФݞЁڟਝτࡎ࿒Ą Ө̮ڟΔʙڢӔଖӨ͞ࠂՀΡĎӨᚈુᙷᛉደ־ഓݞ ࡧࡌĎ͟ސઊϑ͞ˎѰďደᔈ༄Ďեʶ˚ᎿĄӨϵ๑ĎࡌސӨ ʙᘞˎѰĎʙᘞደĎ˚ۆᏀ౷ऌ֗ʙႈˁደѝĎᘲཾ˚ސ ʙᒞ֍ુڟЁձฝĔ ˚྆ࢇڍڍಪᎺʟӨʙχձē˴ͧˎڟѰᑗݩᅄᆺĔ͂ჳĎ! ˚႓ϵࢺˎѰĎϣձ˞ڟᘰ۽ࡌࡧݞĄ վӨᓙᄯࡌϻʟཌʙʮ֍ࣜ˴ͧڟٷĎЁЁϴ̨ྲྀ̨ྲྀĎ ഓݣϔੈԚסĄ Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
ФࢺղʙڟΡච͎୪ϵሕ̠ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ ФࢺղʙڟΡච͎୪ϵሕ̠ʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ ˧ᅄձ͂ۨલ፹Ĕ ˧ᅄձ͂ۨલ፹Ĕ ֍ࣜ˴ͧ൝ʟ͂˧ᅄନχĔ ֍ࣜ˴ͧ൝ʟ͂˧ᅄନχĔ ̮͂ΔӔଖ͂ʰࠂՀΡฝĔ͂ьˏֹĔ͂ჳ˧ᅄސʙᒞ֍ુڟЁ ᎲֹٲĔ ̮͂ΔӔଖ͂ʰࠂՀΡฝĔ͂ьˏֹĔ͂ჳ˧ᅄސʙᒞ֍ુڟЁ ᎲֹٲĔ ͂ڍڍ൝ʟ͂˧ᅄݚᚊĔ ͂ڍڍ൝ʟ͂˧ᅄݚᚊĔ
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY ।̖ ।̖ [sàiw\ng sh] me] Meaning: Saiweng lost his horse. Usage:
ฬৄͶ)ฬৄͶ* is often followed by ۨڣႋ)ۨڣႋ* meaning “The old man on the frontier lost his horse. Who could have guessed it was a blessing in disguise?” It implies that a loss may turn out to be a gain.
Example:
͂ᓶഓԠऌ֗եࣜᄚїˎڟѰĎ͟ސņฬৄͶĎۨڣႋĎ!Ň ͂Ӳ֗ʟԁЁˎڟѰĄ ͂ᓶഓԠऌ֗եࣜᄚїˎڟѰĎ͟ސņฬৄͶĎۨڣႋĎ!Ň ͂Ӳ֗ʟԁЁˎڟѰĄ
Pay special attention to adverbs used to express agreement or disagreement: ־ഓ.
*ܓ)ܓ, ࢇ,
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ૃ܉Ďϵ˛̟͕ڟўൿʙтʡĎʡ࢈ͩ͂ņฬৄŇ Ą͂ኴʟ ݞϻĄ Фʙ̈ĎФʙ˾˚ՎʟĄӲվӲ͞Ӳ˚֗Ąኑר๐֗͟ݞ Ď͟ސฬৄܓჳē!ņ˚Վʟ˚ʙސסᖽձĄჳ˚ސסЁձֹĄŇ྆ ʟಁ̈Ď˾ڟϱվʟĎᓙળϱվʟʙ˾Ąኑ࢈רʟݞ ፹ϴվঢඳ͂Ą͟ސฬৄࢇԠФᚈુݞ፹Ď͂ჳē!ņϱվʟࢇސ ˚ᎿĎѮʶծ˚ʙސסЁձĎჳ˚ސסʙχᖽձֹĄŇኑרᚈુ͂ ؏ݞĄ Фʙ̈Ďฬৄ˅ڟᖩʰʟե˾ږ͞ڟĄԠ๑֗ե˾คව คĎӰฬৄ˅ڟဣʟʮվĎဣᔞʟჀĄኑ࢈רվЊᆑฬৄĎ͟ ސฬৄܓჳē!ņჀဣᔞʟ־ഓ˚ЁĎ͟ސჳ˚סળվЁձֹĄŇኑ ࢈ר˚ݞ୩ཌĄݣվĎեവΡʟዽڌĎݞϻЁڟБᄆʡۨ ࡌ໋Ѽ˚͟ĎൖَЫϵዽʰʟĄ͟ސฬৄܓ˅ڟϰߏჀ˚ЁĎ ؚ̾ԠФ໋͞ѼĄढĎኑ˗֗࢈ר୩ཌʟฬৄݦ๎ڟĄ ވձҙටӨ࢈ĎձલલФᝐ˽Ďᖽձ͟ᝐЁձĎ! Ёձʶ͟ᝐЙᖽձĄ
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ૃ܉Ďϵ˛̟͕ڟўrʙтʡĎʡ࢈ͩ͂ņฬৄŇ Ą͂ኴʟ ݞϻĄ Фʙ̈ĎФʙ˾˚ՎʟĄӲվӲ͞Ӳ˚֗Ąኑר๐֗͟ݞ Ď͟ސฬৄܓჳē!ņ˚Վʟ˚ʙސסᖽձĄჳ˚ސסЁձֹĄŇ྆ ʟಁ̈Ď˾ڟϱվʟĎᓙળϱվʟʙ˾Ąኑ࢈רʟݞ ፹ϴվঢඳ͂Ą͟ސฬৄࢇԠФᚈુݞ፹Ď͂ჳē!ņϱվʟࢇސ ˚ᎿĎѮʶծ˚ʙސסЁձĎჳ˚ސסʙχᖽձֹĄŇኑרᚈુ͂ ؏ݞĄ Фʙ̈Ďฬৄ˅ڟᖩʰʟե˾ږ͞ڟĄԠ๑֗ե˾คව คĎӰฬৄ˅ڟဣʟʮվĎဣᔞʟჀĄኑ࢈רվЊᆑฬৄĎ͟ ސฬৄܓჳē!ņჀဣᔞʟ־ഓ˚ЁĎ͟ސჳ˚סળվЁձֹĄŇኑ ࢈ר˚ݞ୩ཌĄݣվĎեവΡʟዽڌĎݞϻЁڟБᄆʡۨ ࡌ໋Ѽ˚͟ĎൖَЫϵዽʰʟĄ͟ސฬৄܓ˅ڟϰߏჀ˚ЁĎ ؚ̾ԠФ໋͞ѼĄढĎኑ˗֗࢈ר୩ཌʟฬৄݦ๎ڟĄ ވձҙටӨ࢈ĎձલલФᝐ˽Ďᖽձ͟ᝐЁձĎ! Ёձʶ͟ᝐЙᖽձĄ
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Notes:
ฬৄ)ฬৄ* [sàiwWng]: an old man on the frontier Ͷ)Ͷ* [shX]: to lose ૃ[ *܉ૃ)܉cóngqián]: once upon a time ኴ)ኴ* [y`ng]: to raise ˾)˾* [pb]: measure word for horses ኑ)רኑ[ *רlínjZ]: neighbor ๐֗)๐֗* [g`ndào]: to feel ͟)͟* [kaxX]: it’s a pity ჳ˚)סჳ˚[ *סshuYbudìng]: maybe ծ)ծ* [bìng]: and; besides; moreover [ *؏)؏qíguài]: strange ဣ)ဣ* [shuVi]: to fall ᔞ)ᔞ* [duàn]: broken Ⴠ)Ⴠ* [tub]: leg Њᆑ)Њᆑ* [Vnwèi]: to console ዽ)ڌዽ[ *ڌzhànzhWng]: war ໋Ѽ)໋Ѽ* [dVngbXng]: to join the army Ы)Ы* [sb]: to die ዽ)ዽ* [zhànch`ng]: battlefield
Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēܓĎࢇĎ֗Ď־ഓĄ Ӳ͎Фʮჭ˅ͯڟٲēܓĎࢇĎ֗Ď־ഓĄ
ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņฬৄͶŇވڟձĄ ! ѱьˏڟབྷჳჳņฬৄͶŇވڟձĄ 2.
ቜņฬৄͶŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņฬৄͶŇڟս˅Ą ! ቜņฬৄͶŇఅʙͯ˅ڱؖჳʙņฬৄͶŇڟս˅Ą 3.
4.ņฬৄͶŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
! ņฬৄͶŇވڟձĎҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔ
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ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 19-1
Ε received two job offers. He is not sure which one to accept, so he is calling his father to ask his opinion. Listen to what he says and then complete the exercises below. Then check your answers with your partner. Notes:
॑ऀ)॑ऀ* [xiVoxi]: news; information [ *ࢰ͑ۀ)ࢰ͑ۀZhXjiVgW]: Chicago ̄Ё)̄Ё* [ycuh`o]: friendly ʶ௨)ʶ௨* [yaxd]: maybe 1. Answer the following questions. a.
ΕӲ֗ˎѰʟฝĔϵࢺĔ˧ސᅄˎѰĔ ΕӲ֗ˎѰʟฝĔϵࢺĔ˧ސᅄˎѰĔ
b.
֍ࣜ˴ͧˎڟѰФ˧ᅄ˚ʙᆺĔ ֍ࣜ˴ͧˎڟѰФ˧ᅄ˚ʙᆺĔ
c.
ࢺࣜ˴ͧ൝ڟБᒠ̨ྲྀĔ ࢺࣜ˴ͧ൝ڟБᒠ̨ྲྀĔ
d.
ྫ༞˴ͧڟႋҁ˧ސ྄ݟᅄĔ ྫ༞˴ͧڟႋҁ˧ސ྄ݟᅄĔ
e.
ࢺࣜ˴྄ͧݟڟԁЁĔ ࢺࣜ˴྄ͧݟڟԁЁĔ
f.
֍ࣜ˴ͧˎڟѰᑗݩᅄᆺĔ ֍ࣜ˴ͧˎڟѰᑗݩᅄᆺĔ
g.
ѱᚈુΕᐖཎ͞ࢺʙࣜ˴ͧĔ ѱᚈુΕᐖཎ͞ࢺʙࣜ˴ͧĔ
19-2 Based on what you have heard, work with your partner and fill in each blank with an appropriate word or expression to complete the sentence. 1.
֍ࣜ˴ͧ _______ Ε͞ˎѰʟĄ ֍ࣜ˴ͧ _______ Ε͞ˎѰʟĄ
2.
হ࠘˴ͧˎࡌ̺ڟѰ௺ _______ ސχӬĄ হ࠘˴ͧˎࡌ̺ڟѰ௺ _______ ސχӬĄ
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3.
_______ ڟͧ˴ࢰ͑ۀጠ̨ྲྀϻĄ _______ ڟͧ˴ࢰ͑ۀጠ̨ྲྀϻĄ
4.
হ࠘˴ͧ̾͟൝Өደ _______Ą হ࠘˴ͧ̾͟൝Өደ _______Ą
5.
֍ࣜ˴ͧ൝Ө˚࣯ _______ ڟϻĎ_______ ʶ࣯˚ϻĎ! ൝Ө _______Ą ֍ࣜ˴ͧ൝Ө˚࣯ _______ ڟϻĎ_______ ʶ࣯˚ϻĎ! ൝Ө _______Ą
II. Character Exercises 19-3 Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
ᗧ ᗧ
ႋ ႋ
ᗧס ᗧס
ႋҁ ႋҁ
̨ྲྀᗧס ̨ྲྀᗧס
ႋҁ྄ݟ ႋҁ྄ݟ
ˎѰ̨ྲྀᗧס ˎѰ̨ྲྀᗧס
̟ڟႋҁ྄ݟ ̟ڟႋҁ྄ݟ
ᄚїˎڟѰ̨ྲྀᗧס ᄚїˎڟѰ̨ྲྀᗧס
˴ͧФ̟ڟႋҁ྄ݟ ˴ͧФ̟ڟႋҁ྄ݟ
ۜᎊᄚїˎڟѰ̨ྲྀᗧס ۜᎊᄚїˎڟѰ̨ྲྀᗧס
ܘཚ˴ͧФ̟ڟႋҁ྄ݟ ܘཚ˴ͧФ̟ڟႋҁ྄ݟ
Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
2.
ᙯ ᙯ
3.
ᒾ ᒾ
4.
ᒠ ᒠ
5.
ڶ ڶ
6.
ങ ങ
7.
߁ ߁
8.
ང ང
9.
ᑗ ᑗ
10.
ඎ ඎ
11.
ᑛ ᑛ
12.
־ ־
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19-4 Match the traditional characters with their simplified forms. Then check your answers with your partner.
ᆌ! ! ང! ! ᗧ! ! ങ! ! ᑛ! ! ᑗ! ! ᐼ! ! ቒ! ! ! !ܓᄆ ᑛ! ! ᄆ! ! ᐼ! ! ങ! ! ᆌ! ! ቒ! ! ᗧ! ! ᑗ! ! ང! ! ܓ 19-5 Each of the following pairs of characters looks somewhat similar. Work in small groups to write the Pinyin for each character, with tones, compose a phrase with each character, and then explain the phrase in English. Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
༄)༄* [jXng] ༄ᐼ)༄ᐼ*!economy ᄆ)ᄆ* [qXng] Бᄆ)Бᄆ*!young
ᆌ)ᆌ* [ ඎ)ඎ* [
] __________________
__________________
] __________________
__________________
ඳ)ඳ* [ ཥ)ཥ* [
] __________________
__________________
] __________________
__________________
ᒾ)ᒾ* [ ᒿ)ᒿ* [
] __________________
__________________
] __________________
__________________
྄)྄* [ ཾ)ཾ* [
] __________________
__________________
] __________________
__________________
19-6 Each of the following pairs of characters is a homophone. Work in groups and write the Pinyin for each character, with tones, compose a phrase with each character, and then explain the phrase in English. Example: [xiZ]
1. [
2. [
]
]
)*ēӽ)ӽ*!to revise τ)τ*ēਝτ)ਝτ*!to retire
ጣ)ጣ*ē__________________ ᅗ)ᅗ*ē__________________
__________________
)*ē__________________ ᙯ)ᙯ*ē__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
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III. Grammar Exercises 19-7 You are discussing future job opportunities with your roommate. He/she has certain standards for the jobs he/she wants to apply for in the future. You agree with some of them but disagree with others. Now work with your partner and do the following. Express your agreement or disagreement with the following statements he/she has made and also include your reasons. Remember, you must use ־ഓ, ࢇ, *ܓ)ܓ, or ֗ where appropriate in your responses. 1.
Ө๑Χቜ͞ʙࣜ˃˴ͧˎѰĄ Ө๑Χቜ͞ʙࣜ˃˴ͧˎѰĄ Your response: ____________________________________________________________
2.
Өᚈુੈവ௺χˎڟѰݞФ๎ݦĄ Өᚈુੈവ௺χˎڟѰݞФ๎ݦĄ Your response: ____________________________________________________________
3.
శЁ༄લФ͎࣯ڟጠĄ శЁ༄લФ͎࣯ڟጠĄ Your response: ____________________________________________________________
4.
ϣձ˞ڟᘰࡌ۽ᎊ߁Ą ϣձ˞ڟᘰࡌ۽ᎊ߁Ą Your response: ____________________________________________________________
5.
ˎཥʙࡌסĄ ˎཥʙࡌסĄ Your response: ____________________________________________________________
6.
ႋҁސ྄ݟశࡧࡌڟĄ ႋҁސ྄ݟశࡧࡌڟĄ Your response: ____________________________________________________________
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IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ᑟ߸Бᓻɻܨؿԑ ᑟ߸Бᓻɻܨؿԑ Narrating the Story of What You Encountered on the Job Market
ᒅЅē
ᒿࡘѱᕛ˛ވڟձ ϵԑᕛďˎѰढĎѱ྄֗྆˧ᅄຮಘฝĔቜᒿࡘѱᕛ˛ވڟ ձĎʡʨཥປટࣜᐓѱཌ̖ཇڟҨಋґĄ
ᕏЅē
ᒿࡘѱᕛ˛ވڟձ ϵԑᕛďˎѰढĎѱ྄֗྆˧ᅄຮಘฝĔቜᒿࡘѱᕛ˛ވڟ ձĎʡʨཥປટࣜᐓѱཌ̖ཇڟҨಋґĄ
Notes:
ᒿࡘ)ᒿࡘ* [ji`ngshù]: to narrate ᕛ)ᕛ* [zhích`ng]: job market ވձ)ވձ* [gùshi]: story ຮಘ)ຮಘ* [fánn`o]: worry ʡʨཥປ)ʡʨཥປ* [rénlì zXyuán]: human resources ટࣜ)ટࣜ* [zhuVnjiV]: expert, specialist ཌ)ཌ* [jiakVi]: to untie Ҩಋ)Ҩಋ* [kùnhuò]: confusion, perplexity
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Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following questions. 1. What are the problems that people might encounter at work? 2. What does this article suggest that you do? 3. Can you find any written expressions? What are their spoken counterparts )e.g., ᒿࡘ)ᒿࡘ*; ސҏ*?
V. Communicative Activities 19-8 You have heard about Ε’s two job offers. Now work in pairs to discuss what suggestions you might make to him. Include the following vocabulary and grammar points from the lesson.
уᆌĎᙯڌĎۜᎊĎᗧסĎਔᒠĎڶϋĎႋҁĎ྄ݟĎ уᆌĎᙯڌĎۜᎊĎᗧסĎਔᒠĎڶϋĎႋҁĎ྄ݟĎ ᑗĎᘰ۽Ďཾ୩ ᑗĎᘰ۽Ďཾ୩ ࢇĎܓĎ֗ ࢇĎܓĎ֗
־ഓ ־ഓ
ۨ//////˚͟ ۨ//////˚͟
19-9 Most of the students in your class are graduating soon. Some have received job offers and some are still searching for jobs. There are still others who are considering doing an internship. You are now having a discussion about job searches. You have also invited some students who have graduated and started to work at various places. Form small groups to carry on a discussion. The following is the list of tasks for each role. 1. Someone who has already worked at a consulting company for a year. Provide your work experience and thoughts on what are the most important features of the job. 2. Someone who has just received two job offers and is making decisions. Try to solicit information to help you make the decision. 3. Someone who is still searching for a job. Try to find out as much as you can about the job market. 4. Someone who is not graduating for two more years, but is considering doing an internship now. Try to find out what preparations are needed for your application.
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ɻਝ̔ؿ༅ͬพ ɻਝ̔ؿ༅ͬพ Foreign Businesses in China China’s economy has been since the mid-1980s, and after Do you know… developing rapidly since 1980, China’s entry into the World s HOW#HINAHASUSED FOREIGNINVESTMENTTO when the first ˛ʹϫཥ! Trade Organization in 2001, DEVELOPITSECONOMY foreign investment increased )˛ʹϫཥ* [ZhYng wài hé zX] s HOWTHE#HINESE (Sino-foreign joint venture) even further. In order to continue GOVERNMENTHAS ATTRACTEDFOREIGN company was established. Since to attract this high level of INVESTORS then, the Chinese government has foreign investment, China has s WHEREMOSTOFTHE FOREIGN INVESTMENT made it a policy to attract and use made great efforts to strengthen ENTERPRISESARE foreign capital. Sino-foreign joint its infrastructure and create a LOCATEDIN#HINA ventures have expanded to cover suitable environment. More than Read and find out! almost all the basic industries and 500 foreign-related economic export-oriented enterprises, and laws and regulations have been provide numerous job opportunities for revised and promulgated to provide a strong Chinese citizens. Indeed, employment with a legal framework and adequate guarantees foreign firm is coveted. for foreign businesses. By the end of 2001, Numerous research and development more than 170 countries and regions had centers have been set up by international invested in 390,000 foreign-investment consortia and transnational companies enterprises in China. Of the 500 top to bring about further development in transnational companies in the world, over the fields of communications, computer 400 have invested in China. Most of these science, electronics, automobiles, and ventures are located in the coastal cities, pharmaceuticals. China now ranks second but some have started to move to inland worldwide in the use of ʹཥ)ʹཥ* areas. [wàizX] (foreign capital), behind only the China’s improvements in its trade and United States. Foreign investments have investment environment, made by boosting become an important source of capital the confidence of foreign investors and for China’s economic construction and attracting foreign businesses, have opened up development. new job opportunities for Chinese citizens Foreign capital used directly by China and further enhanced the long-term totaled US$393.5 billion in the two decades development of China’s economy.
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!RETHEREANYFOREIGNCOMPANIESINYOURCOUNTRY .AMEA FEW
(OWDOPEOPLEINYOURCOUNTRYVIEWTHEOPPORTUNITYTO WORKFORAFOREIGNCOMPANY
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ѱ˛ཾڣФࢺղʹཥόฝĔቜჳ͎ಁĄ ѱ˛ཾڣФࢺղʹཥόฝĔቜჳ͎ಁĄ
Do you know of any foreign businesses in China? Provide some examples. 2.
ʮղࠛ˴ͧϵ˛ФόĎቜჳ͎ͺ࢈̜˛ڟϪЅē ʮղࠛ˴ͧϵ˛ФόĎቜჳ͎ͺ࢈̜˛ڟϪЅē Below are some American companies that do business in China. Please provide their Chinese names. Chase Manhattan Ford Motor Company McDonald’s (Fast Food) Morgan Stanley
Citibank General Electric Kentucky Fried Chicken Motorola
Dell General Motors Microsoft Whirlpool
Lesson 19
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Choosing a Job
635
መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE л̏ࠐᏞĎԁʙԏĄ л̏ࠐᏞĎԁʙԏĄ To make further progress even if you’ve come a long way.
! !
b`i
chb
gVn
tóu
gèng
jìn
yí
bù
л! л!
̏! ̏!
ࠐ! ࠐ!
Ꮮ! Ꮮ!
ԁ! ԁ!
! !
ʙ! ʙ!
ԏ ԏ
one hundred
foot
pole
head
further
advance
one
step
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. This is a proverb that encourages people to make more progress. Can you find a similar expression in your own language? 2. Can you think of an occasion when you might need to use this proverb? Use it to make a sentence.
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Lesson 19
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Choosing a Job
Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! ႺϷᄤй ႺϷᄤй Bank Advertisement
̜ർ)̜ർ* has found a job in a bank in China. He needs to know more about the services the bank provides. Take a look at this poster inside a Chinese bank and see whether you can answer the following questions with the help of the picture. Notes:
୩)୩* [lbcái]: to manage finance ۜ)ۜ* [jXn]: gold, golden մ֧)մ֧* [xi`ngshòu]: to enjoy පჽ)පჽ* [guìbXn]: a distinguished guest )* [jí]: rank, level ᏽ)ᏽ* [chdxù]: deposit //////ߏʙ)//////ߏʙ* [jí . . . wéi yìtb]: to put altogether סೈ)סೈ* [dìngqX]: fixed term (certificate of deposit) ߀ೈ)߀ೈ* [huóqX]: current (e.g., a savings account) ൖ႗)ൖ႗* [jiésuàn]: to settle accounts ӹཥ)ӹཥ* [tóuzX]: to invest ͒)͒* [gYngnéng]: function ᅆϒ)ᅆϒ* [qíquán]: all available, complete ᏺϑ)ᏺϑ* [yYuxiVn]: priority ᏺಏ)ᏺಏ* [yYuhuì]: preferential (service)
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. What is the ad about? 2. Who is eligible to become a member of this club? 3. What special benefits are available to the members? 4. What services does this bank provide? 5. What bank is this?
ɀɊᇾ ɀɊᇾ L E S S O N
ଓพ˞–܃నୌ ଓพ˞–܃నୌ
After Graduation – Review
CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITIES PREVIEW Discuss the following questions with a partner or your class. What similarities and differences do you think there might be between Chinese culture and your own culture? 1. Do many students in your country choose to go to graduate school after college? 2. What do you plan to do after you graduate from college, find a job or apply to graduate school? Why? University graduates in China, who will face challenges finding jobs.
ઠነ͌ᅟ ઠነ͌ᅟ OBJECTIVES ®
Ask for advice
®
Talk about the future
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Review conjunctions
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Review prepositions
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Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
́ീ ́ീ VOCABULARY ࣏ʶീ ࣏ʶീ Core Vocabulary igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
Ⴤ֏//////! ˚Ѓ//////
Ⴤ֏//////! ˚Ѓ//////
ydqí . . . bùrú
Conj.
rather than
2.
ݟ
ݟ
dangdài
V.
to wait
3.
//////Фᘰ //////Фᘰ
gWn . . . ycuguVn
to be related to . . . , connected with . . .
4.
ԁѿჳ
ԁѿჳ
gèngbiéshuY
not to mention
5.
୩๑
୩๑
lbxi`ng
N.
ideal
6.
Ⴇ
Ⴇ
jbnzhVng
Adj.
nervous
7.
໋ढ
໋ढ
dVngshí
Adv.
then, at that time
8.
҉պ
҉պ
jíshb
Conj.
even if
9.
፹ይ
፹ይ
xXngfèn
Adj.
excited
10.
ދഓ
ދഓ
jìrán
Conj.
now that
11.
ޅᎵ
ޅᎵ
tiVoxu`n
V.
to choose
12.
tbhuì
V.
to reflect upon
N.
reflections, things one has realized/learned
13.
๑ٲ
๑ٲ
xi`ngf`
N.
idea, thought
14.
᎗
᎗
cVnmóu
V.
to give advice
N.
military advisor
Lesson 20
igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
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After Graduation – Review
e^cn^c
15.
̾ѻ
̾ѻ
ybmi`n
Conj.
lest, so that . . . not
16.
ϱ๑
ϱ๑
huíxi`ng
V.
to reflect on, recall
17.
Нᗦ
Нᗦ
shYuhuò
N.
harvest, achievement
18.
ˬݣ
ˬݣ
jXnhòu
N.
from now on; in the future
19.
ይਾ
ይਾ
fèndòu
V.
to fight for
20.
άᆿ
άᆿ
mùbiVo
N.
goal
21.
Ӿ
Ӿ
gYngdú
V.
to pursue the study of
ਿΊ ਿΊ Proper Nouns igVY^i^dcVa
h^bea^[^ZY
e^cn^c
1.
Ρ
Ρ
JiànshWng
N.
(given name) Jiansheng
2.
Ε
Ε
XXnmín
N.
(given name) Xinmin
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Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
ႍʼكᖫ ႍʼكᖫ LANGUAGE LINK Read and listen to the following sentence patterns. These patterns use vocabulary, expressions, and grammar that you will study in more detail in this lesson. After reading the sentence patterns, read and listen to the Language in Use section that follows.
̏ ێ̏ ێSentence Patterns
Ⴤ֏ϵࣜݟĎ˚ЃΧቜ Ⴤ֏ϵࣜݟĎ˚ЃΧቜ Ydqí zài jiV dangdài, bùrú shWnqbng
ࠂՀΡĎϔደ֍БĄ ࠂՀΡĎϔደ֍БĄ
yánjiZshWng yuàn, zài xuéxí li`ngnián.
୪ϵࡌӲʙϋˎѰؾ࣠˚ݞĎ ୪ϵࡌӲʙϋˎѰؾ࣠˚ݞĎ Xiànzài yào zh`o yífèn gYngzuò han bù róngyì,
ԁѿჳӲʙϋ୩๑ˎڟѰʟĄ ԁѿჳӲʙϋ୩๑ˎڟѰʟĄ
gèng bié shuY zh`o yífèn lbxi`ng de gYngzuò le.
Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
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҉պˎཥѳʙᔈĎӨʶᚈુོݞʟĄ ҉պˎཥѳʙᔈĎӨʶᚈુོݞʟĄ Jíshb gYngzX dX yìdi`r, wc ya juéde han xìngyùn le.
ދഓʭࣜ˴ͧࡌӨĎӨ໋ഓુ ދഓʭࣜ˴ͧࡌӨĎӨ໋ഓુ Jìrán sVnjiV gYngsX dYu yào wc, wc dVngrán dai
ЁЁϴޅᎵʙʮʟĄ ЁЁϴޅᎵʙʮʟĄ
h`oh`ode tiVoxu`n yíxià le.
ӨӔଖѱ൝Ө໋໋᎗Ď ӨӔଖѱ൝Ө໋໋᎗Ď Wc xXwàng nb néng gai wc dVngdang cVnmóu,
̾ѻӨჳᎿབྷĄ ̾ѻӨჳᎿབྷĄ
ybmi`n wc shuY cuò huà.
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Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
ᇾʼ Language in Use: Which Job Offer Should I Accept? ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
Ρē ѱЁĕЁʴԠФѱᒒ൜ʟĄݩᅄᆺĔЁฝĔ ӨˬБ౷ࡌ୳ʟĎʙڢϵӲˎѰĎؚ̾శۖ५ѿДĄӨӔଖӲʙ ࣜދӨڟટФᘰĎʬಪռЁڟႋҁͧ˴ڟ྄ݟĄ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼᓙԠ ФӇϒݮಈĎࡌӲʙϋˎѰؾ࣠˚ݞĎ 1. ԁѿჳ)ԁѿჳ* ԁѿჳ1ސӲ֗ʙϋ୩๑ˎڟѰʟĎؚ ԁѿჳ)ԁѿჳ*: “not to mention.” ̾ӨݞႧĄӨᓙລరЃَӲ˚֗ˎ An idiomatic expression used in spoken ѰĎჄ֏ϵࣜݟĎ˚ЃΧቜࠂՀΡ Chinese to emphasize that what follows is Ďϔደ֍БĎऌʙႈˁደѝĎ! even less possible. The word “ԁ)ԁ*” can be omitted. ߏ̾ݣϵ౷ͿʰᙯੈڌລరĄ ܉ղ̠˅ĎӨ͞ʙղ˴ͧ͑ ཐĎː༄͞ʟˤࣜ˴ͧʟĄ໋ढӨ๑Ďͫࡌ֏˛ʙࣜࡌӨĎ҉պˎཥѳ ʙᔈĎեӨʶོݞʟĄ๑˚֗Фʭࣜ˴֧ͧʟӨĎф̸˚ސᎿڟ ˴ͧĎӨ፹ይʟĄ ӨᓙԠԚסՀత͞ࢺࣜ˴ͧĄΏվӨ๑Ď˚႓ࡌͧ˴ࣜࢺސӨĎӨ ͞Ą୪ϵދഓФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌӨĎӨ໋ഓુЁЁϴޅᎵʙʮĄ ϰߏѱˎѰʟʙБʟĎː༄Фʙղ༄Ďؚ̾Өݞ๑ѱڟ๑ ٲĄӨ๑ཾڣĎ໋Өϵ˴ͧନχ! ڟढĎФࢺղੰᖠސӨۨಪ˚͟ڟĄ 2. ໋᎗)໋᎗* Ӕଖѱ൝Ө໋໋᎗2Ď̾ѻӨჳᎿ ᎗)᎗* is a military term meaning “advisor.” The meaning is borrowed here བྷĄ use in everyday life to mean “to give ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀౷ࡌൖԂʟĎϱ๑ for advice.” ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀ĎᚈુݞФНᗦĄ˚ Ѯደʟ˚̍ڣᘋĎф̸ʶьˏԁʟཌ ˬڟݣይਾάᆿĄᓙФĎӨ๑ϑˎѰಁБĎഓݣϔϱደमӾࠂՀΡ ĎϻደʙղٍљĄѱֹĔѱ˚ʶސᅄ๑ڟฝĔ ЁʟĎ˚ϻᅸʟĄঢ ˎѰಛӤ ! ! ̄! Ε ! ! Ͳ̢ʠʪˤ̠
Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
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ᇾʼ Language in Use: Which Job Offer Should I Accept? ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
Ρē ѱЁĕЁʴԠФѱᒒ൜ʟĄݩᅄᆺĔЁฝĔ ӨˬБ౷ࡌ୳ʟĎʙڢϵӲˎѰĎؚ̾శۖ५ѿДĄӨӔଖӲʙ ࣜދӨڟટФᘰĎʬಪռЁڟႋҁͧ˴ڟ྄ݟĄ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼᓙԠ ФӇϒݮಈĎࡌӲʙϋˎѰؾ࣠˚ݞĎԁѿჳ1ސӲ֗ʙϋ୩๑ˎڟѰ ʟĎؚ̾ӨݞႧĄӨᓙລరЃَӲ˚֗ˎ ѰĎჄ֏ϵࣜݟĎ˚ЃΧቜࠂՀΡĎϔ ደ֍БĎऌʙႈˁደѝĎߏ̾ݣϵ౷ ͿʰᙯੈڌລరĄ ܉ղ̠˅ĎӨ͞ʙղ˴ͧ͑ཐĎː ༄͞ʟˤࣜ˴ͧʟĄ໋ढӨ๑Ďͫࡌ֏˛ʙ ࣜࡌӨĎ҉պˎཥѳʙᔈĎեӨʶོݞ ʟĄ๑˚֗Фʭࣜ˴֧ͧʟӨĎф̸ސ ˚Ꮏͧ˴ڟĎӨ፹ይʟĄ ӨᓙԠԚסՀత͞ࢺࣜ˴ͧĄΏվӨ ๑Ď˚႓ࡌͧ˴ࣜࢺސӨĎӨ͞Ą୪ϵ ދഓФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌӨĎӨ໋ഓુЁЁϴ ޅᎵʙʮĄ ϰߏѱˎѰʟʙБʟĎː༄Фʙղ༄Ďؚ̾Өݞ๑ѱڟ๑ ٲĄӨ๑ཾڣĎ໋Өϵ˴ͧନχڟढĎФࢺղੰᖠސӨۨಪ˚͟ ڟĄӔଖѱ൝Ө໋໋᎗2Ď̾ѻӨჳᎿབྷĄ ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀౷ࡌൖԂʟĎϱ๑ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀ĎᚈુݞФН ᗦĄ˚Ѯደʟ˚̍ڣᘋĎф̸ʶьˏԁʟཌˬڟݣይਾάᆿĄᓙФĎ Ө๑ϑˎѰಁБĎഓݣϔϱደमӾࠂՀΡĎϻደʙղٍљĄѱֹĔ ѱ˚ʶސᅄ๑ڟฝĔ ЁʟĎ˚ϻᅸʟĄঢ ˎѰಛӤ ! ! ̄! Ε ! ! Ͳ̢ʠʪˤ̠
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Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
ႍؒ ႍؒ GRAMMAR I. Review: Conjunctions (3) ၤԯɺΣ ၤԯɺΣ , ЩԚɖ, ܫಳగ, ˞Л In Lessons 15 and 18, we summarized quite a few conjunctions. Here are some more. Conjunctions
Ⴤ֏//////! )ࢇ*˚Ѓ////// ! Ⴤ֏//////! )ࢇ*˚Ѓ////// 1.
rather than . . . , (I would prefer that) . . .
҉պ//////ʶ////// ! ҉պ//////ʶ////// 2.
even if/though . . . , . . . still
Features
Examples
Used to connect two clauses to indicate preference. What follows ˚Ѓ)˚Ѓ* is usually the preferred option.
Ⴤ֏̈قᓙࡌϱվੈĎ˚Ѓˬ̈ ӰͺੈӇĎ)̈ق౷̾͟τऀʟ*Ą Ⴤ֏̈قᓙࡌϱվੈĎ˚Ѓˬ̈ ӰͺੈӇĎ)̈ق౷̾͟τऀʟ*Ą
Used to connect two clauses to indicate supposition. What follows ҉պ)҉պ* indicates the supposition.
҉պˬ̈ੈ˚ӇĎӨʶࡌੈĄ ҉պˬ̈ੈ˚ӇĎӨʶࡌੈĄ
Rather than coming back to do it tomorrow, I would prefer to finish it today (so that we will be able to rest tomorrow).
Even if I cannot finish it today, I will still do it.
҉պ˛̜ϔᘲĎӨʶࡌደĄ ҉պ˛̜ϔᘲĎӨʶࡌደĄ
Even if Chinese were harder (than this), I would still study it.
ދഓ//////Ď౷////// ! ދഓ//////Ď౷//////
3.
since . . . , then . . .
Used to connect two clauses to indicate a cause-and-effect relationship. What follows ދഓ)ދഓ* is the cause/reason while the result comes after ౷)౷*.
ދഓѱᜍ͎࣯Ďե౷Ꮅեࣜ! ܘཚ˴ͧґĄ ދഓѱᜍ͎࣯Ďե౷Ꮅեࣜ! ܘཚ˴ͧґĄ
Since you like to travel on business, then you’d better select that consulting company.
Lesson 20
Conjunctions
//////Ď̾ѻ////// ! //////Ď̾ѻ//////
4.
. . . lest . . . ; so that . . . not . . .
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After Graduation – Review
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Features
Examples
Used to connect two clauses to indicate a result that someone is trying to avoid.
ቜ൝ӨʙղݚᚊĎ̾ѻӨჳᎿབྷĄ ቜ൝ӨʙղݚᚊĎ̾ѻӨჳᎿབྷĄ Please give me some suggestions so that I will not say anything wrong.
Ӫޒ౷Ӱώႅعϵ͓ཇĎ̾ѻ ˬ̈ӟᓙ൝͂Ą Ӫޒ౷Ӱώႅعϵ͓ཇĎ̾ѻ ˬ̈ӟᓙ൝͂Ą
I put the disk in my backpack yesterday so that I will not forget to return it to him today.
>> Try
it! With a partner, practice questions and answers using the conjunctions listed above. For example,
! !
V:!ѱ๑͞եྫ༞˴ͧฝĔ ! ѱ๑͞եྫ༞˴ͧฝĔ
! !
W:! եྫ༞˴ͧˎѰᑗ˚̊ЁĎჄ֏͞եĎ˚Ѓ͞ѿͧ˴ڟĄ ! եྫ༞˴ͧˎѰᑗ˚̊ЁĎჄ֏͞եĎ˚Ѓ͞ѿͧ˴ڟĄ
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Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
II. Review: Prepositions ྦྷ ྦྷ , ݯ ݯand In addition to other functions we have learned, these three words are also used as prepositions. Prepositions 1.! ဇ)ဇ*ػ
! ဇ)ဇ*ػ
Features Used to indicate the object.
for/to/toward regarding
Examples
͂ʙڢဇӨݞᘰ̖Ą ͂ʙڢဇӨݞᘰ̖Ą
He has been showing a lot of concern for me.
ЂဇӨჳē!ņӨ࢈ʮޑೈ౷൝ѱΈྫབྷĄŇ ЂဇӨჳē!ņӨ࢈ʮޑೈ౷൝ѱΈྫབྷĄŇ She said to me: “We will call you next week.”
ဇχձĎЂԠФ፹ቸĄ ဇχձĎЂԠФ፹ቸĄ
Regarding this, she has no interest. 2.
ߏ)ߏ* for
Used to introduce the object.
͂Ӳ֗ˎѰʟĎӨ࢈ߏ͂፹Ą ͂Ӳ֗ˎѰʟĎӨ࢈ߏ͂፹Ą
He’s found a job. We are all happy for him.
ӨΡॾʟĎ५ѿߏӨጊ̖Ą ӨΡॾʟĎ५ѿߏӨጊ̖Ą
I’ve fallen ill and Mom is very worried about me. 3.
൝)൝* for/to (toward)/by
Used to introduce the object.
ቜ൝ӨӽʙʮᕏጣĄ ቜ൝ӨӽʙʮᕏጣĄ
Please revise the résumé for me. Used in a passive sense sentence.
͂ӰႩҭ൝Өവ྆վʟĄ ͂ӰႩҭ൝Өവ྆վʟĄ He sent the URL to me.
ႄળӨ൝ᖽʟĄ ႄળӨ൝ᖽʟĄ
The tape was pulled apart by me.
Lesson 20
>> Try
®
After Graduation – Review
it! With a partner, devise a short dialogue using the prepositions ྦྷ ྦྷ , ݯ ݯand . For example,
! !
V:!ᓂᓂѱ࢈ဇӨڟᘰַ̖ᐓ҅ĎӨː༄Ӳ֗ˎѰʟĄ ! ᓂᓂѱ࢈ဇӨڟᘰַ̖ᐓ҅ĎӨː༄Ӳ֗ˎѰʟĄ
! !
W:! ѱᅄӤϴӲ֗ˎѰĎӨ࢈ߏѱ፹Ą ! ѱᅄӤϴӲ֗ˎѰĎӨ࢈ߏѱ፹Ą
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Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
An Alumni Workshop ᐥΥ Traditional Character Version
ϣደ࢈Ď˃ࣜЁĕ Ө͞ސБૃؚደम୳ڟĎ୪ϵː༄ˎѰʟʙБʟĄˬ̈ ϱ֗ΔमĎ˃ࣜьˏˎڟѰĎ๐֗ۨલ፹Ą ѱ࢈ੰӨ໋ደΡჄ͞ˎѰФ˧ᅄ˚ϣĄދഓѱ࢈ੰӨĎӨ౷ ҙටѱ࢈ဂབྷēपˎѰ˚ݞڟʙᆺĄϵደमڟढĎᒂސᚈુ ̊ДĎ͒̊ϻĎԠФढႃᚈĄФढӔଖᄂӤ୳Ďᖔደ मĎОᔈˎѰĎ̾ߏˎѰᄆᖬુϻĄ໋͟ސьˏڟᖔʟደ मĎ˗๐֗ደΡढ̈́ڟΡ߀ސశӤᇅďశࢄુߢڟĄ҉պեղ˚ ˞ׇĎʶॼુࢄސڟĄ ˎѰʟ̾ݣĎӨϴ๐֗Ď˃ደͲБڟደဇьˏᐓ҅˃ݞĄ Ө˚Ѯደ֗ʟݞϻટڣᘋĎф̸ᐗુʟݩᅄΡ߀Ą҉պᓙФݞϻ ձӨ͟ᓙ˚ᐗĎѮ˃ސደڟΡ߀ӨཾڣʟӨˬڟݣይਾάᆿĄ Өݞ๐ᓂደमַ࢈ဇӨڟᐓ҅Ą Ӕଖѱ࢈ߢϵደमཇڟढĎЁЁደĎߏˬڟݣΡ߀ַˎ ѰΈʙݞЁڟઅᕃĄ ᓂᓂ˃ࣜĄ Notes:
[ *ؚ)ؚsuc]: (measure word for schools or institutions) Δम)Δम* [mdxiào]: school you graduated from, alma mater ๐֗)๐֗* [g`ndào]: to feel Ⴤ)Ⴤ* [yd]: (written expression) and; with ဂབྷ)ဂབྷ* [shíhuà]: honest words ̾ߏ)̾ߏ* [ybwéi]: to understand as ढ̈́)ढ̈́* [shídài]: times ߢ)ߢ* [zhWnxX]: to treasure, cherish ˚˞˚)ׇ˞[ *ׇbùmiánzhXyè]: sleepless night ॼ)ॼ* [liúliàn]: to be reluctant to leave ϴ)ϴ* [shWnshWnde]: deeply ᐗુ)ᐗુ* [dcngde]: to understand અᕃ)અᕃ* [jXchd]: basis; foundation
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˨ᇾʼ ˨ᇾʼ SUPPLEMENTARY PRACTICE Read the following passage. Then listen and repeat.
An Alumni Workshop ᓯΥ Simplified Character Version
ϣደ࢈Ď˃ࣜЁĕ Ө͞ސБૃؚደम୳ڟĎ୪ϵː༄ˎѰʟʙБʟĄˬ̈ ϱ֗ΔमĎ˃ࣜьˏˎڟѰĎ๐֗ۨલ፹Ą ѱ࢈ੰӨ໋ደΡჄ͞ˎѰФ˧ᅄ ˚ϣĄދഓѱ࢈ੰӨĎӨ౷ҙටѱ࢈ဂ བྷēपˎѰ˚ݞڟʙᆺĄϵደम ڟढĎᒂސᚈુ̊ДĎ͒̊ϻĎԠ ФढႃᚈĄФढӔଖᄂӤ୳Ď ᖔደमĎОᔈˎѰĎ̾ߏˎѰᄆ ᖬુϻĄ໋͟ސьˏڟᖔʟደमĎ ˗๐֗ደΡढ̈́ڟΡ߀ސశӤᇅďశࢄ ુߢڟĄ҉պեղ˚˞ׇĎʶࢄސ ુॼڟĄ ˎѰʟ̾ݣĎӨϴ๐֗Ď˃ደ ͲБڟደဇьˏᐓ҅˃ݞĄӨ˚Ѯደ ֗ʟݞϻટڣᘋĎф̸ᐗુʟݩᅄΡ ߀Ą҉պᓙФݞϻձӨ͟ᓙ˚ᐗĎѮ˃ސደڟΡ߀ӨཾڣʟӨ ˬڟݣይਾάᆿĄӨݞ๐ᓂደमַ࢈ဇӨڟᐓ҅Ą Ӕଖѱ࢈ߢϵደमཇڟढĎЁЁደĎߏˬڟݣΡ߀ַˎ ѰΈʙݞЁڟઅᕃĄ ᓂᓂ˃ࣜĄ Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
ФࢺղʙڟΡචַჭ͎ٲ୪ϵ။ᒿʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ ФࢺղʙڟΡචַჭ͎ٲ୪ϵ။ᒿʰĔቜӰͺ࢈Ӳ͎վĄ
2.
Ђჳ໋ደΡˎѰФ˧ᅄ˚ϣĔ Ђჳ໋ደΡˎѰФ˧ᅄ˚ϣĔ
3.
Ђჳ˃ደͲБڟደဇЂˎڟѰФ˧ᅄᐓ҅Ĕ Ђჳ˃ደͲБڟደဇЂˎڟѰФ˧ᅄᐓ҅Ĕ
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ιႍܨԑ ιႍܨԑ IDIOM STORY ऒپѹ ךऒپѹ[ ךb[nmén nòng fi] Meaning: To show off one’s carpentry skills in front of Lu Ban (a master carpenter). Usage: To display one’s limited skill before an expert. Example:
ૌސ̟ڟટࣜĎ༄ᕴĎӨݩᅄಸϵૌ܉ņॲ۞ә غŇֹĔ ૌސ̟ڟટࣜĎ༄ᕴĎӨݩᅄಸϵૌ܉ņॲ۞ә غŇֹĔ
Pay special attention to conjunctions ൝)൝*, ߏ)ߏ*.
҉պ//////ʶ//////, ̾ѻand prepositions ဇ)ဇ*,
)ᒅЅ Traditional Character Version* ֍ʽˤлБ̾܉ϲФʙۨલФϪ̣ڟϞĎ͂ڟϪЅͩॲ [Ld BVn]ĄॲސʙˎͽϞĎ҉պސశԠФ̣ڟᏞĎ͂ʶੈ͎ ۨલၔٍ۫ڟљĄʡ࢈ဇ͂ۨલĎႎ͂ߏ̣ϞڟঠࣱĄ ʙʽʠлϻБࢬڟ܉ϲ͎ʟ ʙ˃དʡԃΩĄԃΩ˛ސశФϪڟ དʡ˞ʙĄ͂Ыʟ̾ݣĎʡ࢈Ӱ͂༩ϵ аᘞĄեࡳುۨલࠛᙋĎʡ࢈ ᜍ͞եཽږĄਸ਼ʟեࡳڟು̾ ʹĎʡ࢈ʶ͞ԃΩڟϴĎ֏˛Ф ʙղʡᓙᜍϵԃΩڟ܉ᅸಁͯདվ ࠕ؈͂Ą ݣվФʙདʡ֗եږĎ֗ԃ Ωڟ܉ᅸൿݞϻདĎѮ͂ސവ୪եղ དᅸુ˚̊ЁĎ౷ᅸʟಁͯབྷĎ֖ ͂࢈Ą͂ᚈુĎϵ˃དʡԃΩڟ܉ᅸ ད౷࿋ސϵॲغږ܉۞ڟʙᆺĎ˚Ѯ̊ь˚ුʨĎф̸ʶސဇ˃ࣱ ࢈˚ڟĄ ૃЪ̾ݣĎʡ࢈౷˚ಸϵԃΩڟ܉ᏍۯᅸདʟĎ̾ѻʡჳ ސņॲ۞әغŇ Ą
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)ᕏЅ Simplified Character Version* ֍ʽˤлБ̾܉ϲФʙۨલФϪ̣ڟϞĎ͂ڟϪЅͩॲ [Ld BVn]ĄॲސʙˎͽϞĎ҉պސశԠФ̣ڟᏞĎ͂ʶੈ͎ ۨલၔٍ۫ڟљĄʡ࢈ဇ͂ۨલĎႎ͂ߏ̣ϞڟঠࣱĄ ʙʽʠлϻБࢬڟ܉ϲ͎ʟʙ˃དʡԃΩĄԃΩ˛ސ శФϪڟདʡ˞ʙĄ͂Ыʟ̾ݣĎʡ࢈Ӱ͂༩ϵаᘞĄեࡳುۨ લࠛᙋĎʡ࢈ᜍ͞եཽږĄਸ਼ʟեࡳڟು̾ʹĎʡ࢈ʶ ͞ԃΩڟϴĎ֏˛ФʙղʡᓙᜍϵԃΩڟ܉ᅸಁͯདվ ࠕ؈͂Ą ݣվФʙདʡ֗եږĎ֗ԃΩڟ܉ᅸrݞϻདĎѮ͂ސ വ୪եղདᅸુ˚̊ЁĎ౷ᅸʟಁͯབྷĎ֖͂࢈Ą͂ᚈુĎϵ˃ དʡԃΩڟ܉ᅸད౷࿋ސϵॲغږ܉۞ڟʙᆺĎ˚Ѯ̊ь˚ු ʨĎф̸ʶސဇ˃ࣱ࢈˚ڟĄ ૃЪ̾ݣĎʡ࢈౷˚ಸϵԃΩڟ܉ᏍۯᅸདʟĎ̾ѻʡჳ ސņॲ۞әغŇ Ą Notes:
ә)ә* [nòng]: to play with [ *غ)غfd]: axe (a tool used by a carpenter) ̣Ϟ)̣Ϟ* [mùjiàng]: carpenter ˎͽϞ)ˎͽϞ* [nénggYngqi`ojiàng]: a very skillful craftsman ̣Ꮮ)̣Ꮮ* [mùtou]: wood ၔ۫)ၔ۫* [piàoliang]: beautiful )* [zZnjìng]: to respect ႎ)ႎ* [chWng]: to call ঠࣱ)ঠࣱ* [zdshX]: founding master ࢬ)ࢬ* [Táng Cháo]: Tang Dynasty (618–907 a.d.) དʡ)དʡ* [shXrén]: poet ༩)༩* [zàng]: to bury а)а* [ChángjiVng]: the Yangtze River ϴ)ϴ* [mùdì]: graveyard ͯ)ͯ* [jù]: a sentence. ͯ here is used as a measure word for poems. ࠕ؈)ࠕ؈* [jìniàn]: to cherish the memory of ֖)֖* [fangcì]: to mock ь˚ුʨ)ь˚ුʨ* [zìbúliànglì]: to overrate one’s own ability ဇ//////˚)ဇ//////˚* [duì . . . bújìng]: not respectful toward . . . ૃЪ̾ૃ)ݣЪ̾[ *ݣcóngcb ybhòu]: from now on ಸ)ಸ* [g`n]: to dare Ꮝ)ۯᏍ[ *ۯsuíbiàn]: at will
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Exercises: work with a partner or in small groups 1.
ॲַԃΩФ˧ᅄߺϣڟϴ̟Ĕ ॲַԃΩФ˧ᅄߺϣڟϴ̟Ĕ
໋եདʡՎԃΩڟ܉དڟढĎ͂ݩސᅄ๑ڟĔ ! ໋եདʡՎԃΩڟ܉དڟढĎ͂ݩސᅄ๑ڟĔ 2.
ވձҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔቜņॲ۞әغŇఅʙͯ˅Ą ! ވձҙටʟӨ࢈˧ᅄĔቜņॲ۞әغŇఅʙͯ˅Ą 3.
ᆻୌ ᆻୌ ACTIVITIES I. Listening Exercises 20-1
ˉ)ˉ* is graduating in a month and has already received a job offer. He is very grateful to his professors and university. At a meeting for graduating students, he expresses his gratitude. Listen to what he says, and answer the questions below. Then check your answers with your partner. Notes:
ڣᘋ)ڣᘋ* [zhXshi]: knowledge ֏Щ)֏Щ* [qícì]: secondly ͪʹ)ͪʹ* [lìngwài]: besides; moreover ڥ)ڥ* [shèhuì]: society; community ͎̿)͎̿* [fùchZ]: devotion ౢൎ)ౢൎ* [bàodá]: to repay, pay back ਓᙦ)ਓᙦ* [gòngxiàn]: to contribute to; contribution ਐᕀ ਐᕀ t 1.
ˉ˧ᅄढ୳Ĕ ˉ˧ᅄढ୳Ĕ
2.
ˉࡶϑ๑๐ᓂቢĔߏ˧ᅄĔ ˉࡶϑ๑๐ᓂቢĔߏ˧ᅄĔ
3.
ˉ̾ݣુቢĔ ˉ̾ݣુቢĔ
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4.
ਸ਼ʟ๐ᓂтࣱ̾ʹĎ͂ᓙ๑๐ᓂቢĔߏ˧ᅄĔ ਸ਼ʟ๐ᓂтࣱ̾ʹĎ͂ᓙ๑๐ᓂቢĔߏ˧ᅄĔ
5.
ˉᚈુደमཇ߀ڟݩᅄᆺĔ ˉᚈુደमཇ߀ڟݩᅄᆺĔ
6.
ˉַϣደ࢈ߺુݩᅄᆺĔ ˉַϣደ࢈ߺુݩᅄᆺĔ
7.
ˉశ๑๐ᓂސڟቢĔߏ˧ᅄĔ ˉశ๑๐ᓂސڟቢĔߏ˧ᅄĔ
8.
ˉ୳̾ݣੈ˧ᅄĔ ˉ୳̾ݣੈ˧ᅄĔ
Based on what you have heard, work with a partner and retell what in your own words.
ˉ)ˉ* said
II. Character Exercises 20-2 Work with a partner. Read the following words, phrases, and sentences.
Ꮅ Ꮅ
ᑕ ᑕ
ޅᎵ ޅᎵ
Нᗦ Нᗦ
ЁЁޅᎵ ЁЁޅᎵ
Нᗦ˚̍ Нᗦ˚̍
ЁЁޅᎵʙʮˎѰ ЁЁޅᎵʙʮˎѰ
ᚈુНᗦ˚̍ ᚈુНᗦ˚̍
Ө໋ഓુЁЁϴޅᎵʙʮˎѰ ӨᚈુͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀Нᗦ˚̍ Ө໋ഓુЁЁϴޅᎵʙʮˎѰ ӨᚈુͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀Нᗦ˚̍ Now with your partner, try to use the following characters to make words, phrases, and then sentences. 1.
ѻ ѻ
2.
ᆿ ᆿ
3.
ይ ይ
4.
Ӿ Ӿ
5.
Ⴤ Ⴤ
6.
ޅ ޅ
7.
ਾ ਾ
8.
᎗ ᎗
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20-3 Read aloud the following words. Write them out using traditional characters. Then check your answers with a partner. 1. 4. 7.
ᒒ൜ _____________ _____________ ޅᎵ _____________
2. 5.
Ⴇ _____________ Нᗦ _____________
3. 6.
፹ይ _____________ άᆿ _____________
20-4 Each of the following pairs of characters is a homophone. Work with your partner to write the Pinyin, with tones, for each character and make a phrase using each character. Example: [lián]
1. [
]
ᒒēᒒ൜ ᒒēᒒ൜ ē˴ͧڟႋҁ˚ᎿĎ͎࣯ФངථĄ ē˴ͧڟႋҁ˚ᎿĎ͎࣯ФངථĄ
͒ē_______________________________________________________________ ͒ē_______________________________________________________________ Ӿē_______________________________________________________________ Ӿē_______________________________________________________________ ˴ē_______________________________________________________________ ˴ē_______________________________________________________________
2. [
]
ē_______________________________________________________________ ē_______________________________________________________________ ࡳē_______________________________________________________________ ࡳē_______________________________________________________________
3. [
]
ᐼē_______________________________________________________________ ᐼē_______________________________________________________________ Ӭē_______________________________________________________________ Ӭē_______________________________________________________________ ࡎē_______________________________________________________________ ࡎē_______________________________________________________________ ē_______________________________________________________________ ē_______________________________________________________________ ᑼē_______________________________________________________________ ᑼē_______________________________________________________________
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20-5 The following characters look similar, but have different pronunciations and meanings. Work in groups to write out the Pinyin, with tones, and make a phrase using each character. Example:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
պ պ
[shb]
ۯ ۯ
[biàn]
[shb]
ӲˎѰ˚࣠ؾպӨݞႧĄ ӲˎѰ˚࣠ؾպӨݞႧĄ
[biàn]
Ҳՙ͞ደमۯ̟ݞĄ Ҳՙ͞ደमۯ̟ݞĄ
ދ ދ
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
҉ ҉
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
Ꮅ Ꮅ
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
అ అ
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
Ꮞ Ꮞ
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
ਾ ਾ
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
۞ ۞
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
ᑕ ᑕ
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
ᕨ ᕨ
[
] ________________________________________________________________
[
] ________________________________________________________________
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III. Grammar Exercises 20-6 Work with your partner. Read aloud the following conjunctions. Select an appropriate one to complete the following sentences.
ދഓ//////౷//////Ď! Ⴤ֏//////˚Ѓ//////Ď! ҉պ//////ʶ//////Ď! //////Ď̾ѻ ދഓ//////౷//////Ď! Ⴤ֏//////˚Ѓ//////Ď! ҉պ//////ʶ//////Ď! //////Ď̾ѻ 1.
˴ͧڟʡݞЁĎ__________ Бᒠ˚̊ĎӨ __________ ๑͞Ą ˴ͧڟʡݞЁĎ__________ Бᒠ˚̊ĎӨ __________ ๑͞Ą
2.
୪ϵ౷Ϳ˚ುॉĎ__________ ˎѰĎ__________ ϑ͞ࠂՀ! ΡĄ ୪ϵ౷Ϳ˚ುॉĎ__________ ˎѰĎ__________ ϑ͞ࠂՀ! ΡĄ
3.
Ө࢈ϔ྆ಁ̢౷ࡌعʟĎӨ࢈ુОᔈΧቜဂĎ__________ ጠԠФʟĄ Ө࢈ϔ྆ಁ̢౷ࡌعʟĎӨ࢈ુОᔈΧቜဂĎ__________ ጠԠФʟĄ
4.
Ө࢈౷ࡌᖔደमʟĎ__________ Ө࢈ደʟ˚̍ڣڟᘋĎ__________ ᐖཎЁЁϴˎѰĄ Ө࢈౷ࡌᖔደमʟĎ__________ Ө࢈ደʟ˚̍ڣڟᘋĎ__________ ᐖཎЁЁϴˎѰĄ
20-7 Form groups to read aloud the following sentences and select an appropriate preposition for each blank. Prepositions: 1.
ဇ)ဇ*, ߏ)ߏ*, ൝)൝*
ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀ ______ Өڟᐓ҅ۨલ˃Ď୳̾ݣӨʶࡌ ______ ደमੈʙղձĄ ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀ ______ Өڟᐓ҅ۨલ˃Ď୳̾ݣӨʶࡌ ______ ደमੈʙղձĄ
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2.
ቜѱ ______ ӨӲಁأ༒ႩমĎϰߏ୪ϵ۬ऀ ______ Өվჳސశ ࡧࡌڟĄ ቜѱ ______ ӨӲಁأ༒ႩমĎϰߏ୪ϵ۬ऀ ______ Өվჳސశ ࡧࡌڟĄ
3.
ደम ______ Ө࢈ಪռʟʙڟ௩రĎ______ Ө࢈ڟደᐓ҅˃ݞĄ ደम ______ Ө࢈ಪռʟʙڟ௩రĎ______ Ө࢈ڟደᐓ҅˃ݞĄ
4.
ղБվĎڍڍ ______ ӨੈʟݞϻĎӨʙ҆ࡌסʨደĄ ղБվĎڍڍ ______ ӨੈʟݞϻĎӨʙ҆ࡌסʨደĄ
5.
ӨڟЁ ______ ̄ىӨಪʟݞϻЁݚڟᚊĎ______ ӨӲˎѰݞФᐓ҅Ą ӨڟЁ ______ ̄ىӨಪʟݞϻЁݚڟᚊĎ______ ӨӲˎѰݞФᐓ҅Ą
IV. Media Literacy The short text below, written in the style of newspapers, magazines, or Internet news articles, will help you become familiar with the formal written expressions used in these genres. ঢ়࣎ᙶଉਿพՇԷӘ́ڇ ঢ়࣎ᙶଉਿพՇԷӘ́ڇ Nursing Major Favored by Male Students
ᒅЅē
मᛖ୩ટ֧֗ԸΡۧ ˬБ˃ڟደأΡ˛͎୪ʙ̍Վڟ୪ණēʙղԸΡᎩᛚาౢᛖ ୩ટĄ˃ደأΡ౷ࡒ௰ʡჯߏĎ̺ࡌࢨϰސē̶ߨʰ௨ ϻࣜ̎֏ϵᇉࠛࣜԸᛖˁ֧ݞᜍ۔ĎԸᛖˁڟ౷܉ು ЁĄ
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After Graduation – Review
ᕏЅē
मᛖ୩ટ֧֗ԸΡۧ ˬБ˃ڟደأΡ˛͎୪ʙ̍Վڟ୪ණēʙղԸΡᎩᛚาౢᛖ ୩ટĄ˃ደأΡ౷ࡒ௰ʡჯߏĎ̺ࡌࢨϰސē̶ߨʰ௨ ϻࣜ̎֏ϵᇉࠛࣜԸᛖˁ֧ݞᜍ۔ĎԸᛖˁڟ౷܉ು ЁĄ
Notes:
म)म* [gVoxiào]: university, college ᛖ୩)ᛖ୩* [hùlb]: to nurse ۧ)ۧ* [qXnglài]: to be in favor of أΡ)أΡ* [zhVoshWng]: to recruit students ୪ණ)୪ණ* [xiànxiàng]: phenomenon Ꭹᛚ)Ꭹᛚ* [ycngyuè]: actively าౢ)าౢ* [tiánbào]: to apply ࡒ௰ʡ)ࡒ௰ʡ* [fùzérén]: person in charge ჯߏ)ჯߏ* [rènwéi]: to think ࢨϰ)ࢨϰ* [yuányXn]: reason, cause ̶ߨ)̶ߨ* [shìjiè]: world ̎֏)̎֏* [yóuqí]: especially ᇉࠛ)ᇉࠛ* [)umai]: Europe and America ᛖˁ)ᛖˁ* [hùshì]: a nurse ܉ು)܉ು* [qiánjbng]: perspective Ё)Ё* [kành`o]: promising Exercises for the article: work with a partner or a group to ask and answer the following. 1. What is this story about? 2. Who is interested in this major? 3. Why is this major of interest to them? 4. Identify any expressions used solely in writing.
Lesson 20
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V. Communicative Activities 20-8 Form groups. Suppose you are having a meeting to discuss your thoughts about your studies and future career. Each of you takes one of the following roles and presents your thoughts to the group. You may use what you heard in the listening exercise as reference. Please use the following vocabulary and grammar points. Vocabulary
౷)౷*Ďݮಈ)ݮಈ*Ďುॉ)ುॉ*Ďᙯ)ڌᙯ*ڌĎНᗦ)Нᗦ*Ď! ይਾ)ይਾ*Ďάᆿ)άᆿ*Ď໋᎗)໋᎗*ĎӾ)Ӿ* Grammar Conjunctions:
Ⴤ֏//////˚Ѓ//////)Ⴤ֏//////˚Ѓ//////* ދഓ//////౷//////)ދഓ//////౷//////* ҉պ//////ʶ//////)҉պ//////ʶ//////* ʙ//////ʙ//////)ʙ//////ʙ//////* Prepositions: ߏ)ߏ*, ဇ)ဇ*, ൝)൝* Roles: 1. You are graduating in a month and have found a job. 2. You are graduating in a month but so far are still looking for a job. 3. You are a junior and in the process of deciding whether you want to look for a job or go to graduate school. 20-9 After each presentation, please ask each other questions. Your purpose is to elicit as much information as possible to get to know and learn from each other.
ʼʝكᖫ ʼʝكᖫ Culture Link ʼʝᒨ ʼʝᒨ CULTURE NOTES ɻਝɣነଓพ́ؿగพੱ ؗɻਝɣነଓพ́ؿగพੱ ؗ Employment of University Graduates in China Before China began to implement reform policies in the early 1980s, university graduates were regarded as the “proud sons of Heaven.” Upon graduation, every one of them was assigned to a job based on his/her performance at university. Since the early 1980s, however, when the Chinese government began to shift to a
than the average level (18 to 20 percent) in developed nations. s HOWUNIVERSITY GRADUATESWERE The employment dilemma for REGARDEDBEFORETHE university graduates has more S to do with job preferences relative s WHYTHEJOBMARKET IN#HINAISSO to the imbalance of economic COMPETITIVE development in different areas of s WHATKINDOFJOBS #HINESESTUDENTS the country. GENERALLYSEEK University graduates generally Read and find out! favor jobs at large ᑊό! )ᑊό* ([guóyíng qbyè]: Ϳ༄ᐼ)Ϳ༄ᐼ* ([shìch`ng jXngjì]: market state-owned enterprises), economy), job assignments were no longer ʹཥ˴ͧ)ʹཥ˴ͧ* ([wàizX gYngsX]: a given for university graduates. And, with foreign-funded companies), or އጠᘰ! the rapid increase (over 20 percent annually )އጠᘰ* ([zhèngfd jXguVn]: government since 1999) in university enrollment and organizations) in large metropolitan areas, Chinese students returning from overseas, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. millions of college and university graduates Such jobs offer a relatively high salary were joining the workforce every year, and good working conditions. These making it even more difficult to find jobs are the types of jobs for which there is upon graduation. The current job shortage strong competition. Although there is strong for university graduates makes for fierce demand for college graduates in the western competition in the ౷Ϳ)౷Ϳ* and central parts of China, these regions ([jiùyè shìch`ng]: job market). are not as economically advanced as the This tight job market does not necessarily metropolitan areas, and therefore not as reflect a surplus of university graduates, desirable. however. Currently, college or university Talented university graduates in certain students account for only 7 percent of their fields, such as finance, computer science, age group and only 5 percent of the total business, and engineering are always in population in China. This is much lower great demand. And in recent years, the
660
Do you know…
Lesson 20
need for a new group of professionals called иᄴ)иᄴ* ([huXlbng]: gray collar) workers has grown. This group includes occupations such as interior design, fashion design, and exhibition planning, and accounts for only 2 percent of the total workforce in China compared to 40 percent in developed countries. More graduates have chosen to pursue graduate studies to enhance their competitiveness in the job market. The Chinese government has also taken measures to ease employment pressures encouraging
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government bureaux, state-owned enterprises, and private firms to hire university graduates, or to loan them money to start up their own businesses. Those who fail to find jobs within six months of graduation are eligible for free employment services. In addition, the government has a blueprint for the economic development of the central and western regions of China. Although these efforts will ease the employment pressures to some extent, the employment problem for university graduates in China will remain for the foreseeable future.
(AVEYOUEVERSEENAJOBFAIRWITHTHISMANYPEOPLE 3HARE YOURKNOWLEDGEOFJOBFAIRS
3TUDENTSIN#HINALOOKFORJOBSORAPPLYTOGRADUATESCHOOLS ONLINE(OWABOUTINYOURCOUNTRY
662
Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1.
ѱཾڣ୪ϵ˃ڟደΡݩᅄӲˎѰฝĔ ѱཾڣ୪ϵ˃ڟደΡݩᅄӲˎѰฝĔ Do you know how university graduates in China find jobs these days?
2.
̾܉ϲ˃ڟደΡ୳̾˚ݣᄯࡌьˏӲˎѰĎ͂࢈ˎڟѰސЊ ڟď۳ᘌڟĄ͟ސФढ͂࢈˚ʙסᜍ͂࢈ˎڟѰĄѱᚈુᆺ ЁฝĔѱᜍьˏӲˎѰᓙސ֧Њ̟ڟВĔ ̾܉ϲ˃ڟደΡ୳̾˚ݣᄯࡌьˏӲˎѰĎ͂࢈ˎڟѰސЊ ڟď۳ᘌڟĄ͟ސФढ͂࢈˚ʙסᜍ͂࢈ˎڟѰĄѱᚈુᆺ ЁฝĔѱᜍьˏӲˎѰᓙސ֧Њ̟ڟВĔ In the past, university graduates in China did not need to find jobs on their own as jobs were assigned and guaranteed. Sometimes they did not like the jobs they were assigned to, however. What do you think? Which would you prefer—to find a job on your own or be assigned a job you don’t like?
መՈɻʼ መՈɻʼ FUN WITH CHINESE Ϭુ࠵˛࠵Ď̟ߏʡʰʡĄ Ϭુ࠵˛࠵Ď̟ߏʡʰʡĄ Only after taking as much hardship as you can, will you become successful in your career. chX
de
kd
zhYng
kd
fVng
wéi
rén
shàng
rén
! Ϭ! ! Ϭ!
ુ! ુ!
࠵! ࠵!
˛! ˛!
࠵! ࠵!
̟! ̟!
ߏ! ߏ!
ʡ! ʡ!
ʰ! ʰ!
ʡ ʡ
eat (particle)
bitterness
inside bitterness
can
to become person
above person
Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
663
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. This is a very popular Chinese saying. Parents use it to urge their children to study hard for their future. Do you have similar expressions in your language and culture to emphasize the value of education? 2. How do you view the importance of education in terms of your future career?
Ϸ৽б Ϸ৽б LET’S GO! ઐᔈ ڌઐᔈ ڌLetter of Recommendation In two months, ደ˛)ደ˛* will graduate. He plans to pursue graduate studies. Please help him fill in this form he just downloaded from the Web.
ంϣҞᚾɡነϽޢӠ́ਿࡼઐᔈ࣊ ϣ́շΊ ਿࡼշΊ
ֲ П ᓻ ီ
α ᙍ ɮ А ௰ Ͻ
ઐᔈ෮Ӯt
ઐᔈɁ ᖋΊၰ
ˀ ౨
Notes:
ౢу)ౢу* [bàok`o]: to register to take the exam for ిˁ)ిˁ* [bóshì]: doctoral degree ደѝ)ደѝ* [xuéwèi]: academic degree ટࣜ)ટࣜ* [zhuVnjiV]: expert уΡ)уΡ* [k`oshWng]: examinee ᕛႎ)ᕛႎ* [zhíchWng]: academic title ᕛਜ਼)ᕛਜ਼* [zhíwù]: work position/post ๎Վ)๎Վ* [yìjiàn]: comments ᗫϪ)ᗫϪ* [qiVnmíng]: to sign, signature აణ)აణ* [gàizhVng]: to affix a seal
ᓻ ৻
664
Lesson 20
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After Graduation – Review
ਐᕀদሃ ਐᕀদሃ Discuss the following with a partner or in small groups. 1. Who should fill out this form? 2. Who is the form about? 3. What information is needed about the recommender? 4. On which areas should the recommender comment about the applicant? 5. Translate the following expressions into English:
૰ᕨ๎Վ)૰ᕨ๎Վ* ˎѰѝ)ˎѰѝ* ᗫϪაణ)ᗫϪაణ*
Review
665
నୌ నୌ Review LESSON 19 TO LESSON 20 I. Conversation You have just received two job offers. With a partner, make a phone call to your father to ask for his suggestions. Use at least 15 sentences. You must also include the following words, expressions, and major grammar points. Notes: ುॉĎᙯڌĎᅗࣛĎۨ//////˚͟ĎᘹĎ־ഓĎ྄ݟĎਔᒠ ುॉĎᙯڌĎᅗࣛĎۨ//////˚͟ĎᘹĎ־ഓĎ྄ݟĎਔᒠ
ႋҁĎᗧסĎуᆌĎϣձĎᎊ߁ĎᑗĎࢇĎܓĎ֗ ႋҁĎᗧסĎуᆌĎϣձĎᎊ߁ĎᑗĎࢇĎܓĎ֗
II. Speech In a month you will graduate from university. When you look back at your four years at university, you feel you have much to say. Work in a small group to talk about your thoughts at this moment. Compose at least 15 sentences. Include the following in your talk. Notes: ܉ುĎԁѿჳĎт̈ົĎĎϱ๑ĎНᗦĎ//////!ФᘰĎჄ֏//////˚ЃĎ ܉ುĎԁѿჳĎт̈ົĎĎϱ๑ĎНᗦĎ//////!ФᘰĎჄ֏//////˚ЃĎ
҉պ//////ʶ//////Ďދഓ//////౷//////Ď̾ѻ//////Ďދ//////ʬ////// ҉պ//////ʶ//////Ďދഓ//////౷//////Ď̾ѻ//////Ďދ//////ʬ//////
III. Picture Description Work in small groups and describe each of the following pictures. Please use the prepositions ဇ)ဇ*, ߏ)ߏ*, and ൝)൝*.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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Review
IV. Traditional and Simplified Characters Work with your partner to read each character aloud. Write its traditional form. Then make a phrase and a sentence using the character. Example: L19: L20:
ᘰ l ᘰ l Фᘰ l χձӨڟટФᘰĄ
ᐼ )! * ང )! * ᆿ )! *
ᙯ )! * ങ )! * ᑕ )! *
෴ )! * ᑗ )! * ይ )! *
྄ )! * ᄆ )! * Ꮅ )! *
ᗧ )! * ఛ )! *
ᖂ )! *
A1
Traditional/Simplified Character Table
ᐥᓯΥྦྷ๑ ٲᐥᓯΥྦྷ๑ ٲ TRADITIONAL/SIMPLIFIED CHARACTER TABLE ᒅЅ)ᒅЅ*ē [fán tb zì] ᕏЅ)ᕏЅ*ē [ji`n tb zì]
Ɋȹᇾ Ɋȹᇾ ᒅē!᛫! ᕏē!᛫!
ᅗ! ᅗ!
ࢤ! ࢤ!
!ٷ !ٷ
ᒅē!Ⴇ! ᕏē!Ⴇ!
ሪ! ሪ!
ླ! ླ!
ᆕ ᆕ
Ɋɀᇾ Ɋɀᇾ ᒅē!ค! ᕏē!ค!
ಎ! ಎ!
ᐮ! ᐮ!
ᒫ! ᒫ!
Ɋɍᇾ Ɋɍᇾ ᒅē!! ᕏē!!
ᚊ! ᚊ!
௲! ௲!
ટ! ટ!
Ɋ̒ᇾ Ɋ̒ᇾ ᒅē!ᆢ! ᕏē!ᆢ!
! !
ᗓ! ᗓ!
ຜ! ຜ!
Ɋʄᇾ Ɋʄᇾ ᒅē!ᒒ! ᕏē!ᒒ!
൜! ൜!
!ܓ !ܓ
Ꮓ! Ꮓ!
Ɋʒᇾ Ɋʒᇾ ᒅē!! ᕏē!!
ዝ! ዝ!
ྛ! ྛ!
ᛪ! ᛪ!
ᒅē!ᇩ! ᕏē!ᇩ!
ᒿ! ᒿ!
! !
ᔙ ᔙ
traditional character (or complex character) simplified character
Lesson 11 ᛖ! ᛖ!
ඨ! ඨ!
༗! ༗!
! !
ᐃ! ᐃ!
ጊ! ጊ!
! !
Ꮞ! Ꮞ!
ᄄ! ᄄ!
ང! ང!
ຎ! ካ!
Ꮆ! Ꮆ!
ᒐ! ᒐ!
ቘ ቘ
ᛉ! ᛉ!
! !
ᐼ! ᐼ!
ႈ! ႈ!
ኴ! ኴ!
ൖ ൖ
ઠ! ઠ!
ഒ ഒ
Lesson 12 ௩! ௩!
ຮ! ຮ!
Lesson 13 ႌ! ႌ!
Ⴔ! Ⴔ!
Lesson 14 ฌ! ฌ!
ୋ! ୋ!
ፎ ፎ
Lesson 15 ൕ! ൕ!
྇! ྇!
ᓊ ᓊ
Lesson 16 ᙘ! ᙘ!
ᅆ! ᅆ!
ᙷ! ᙷ!
A2
Traditional/Simplified Character Table
Ɋȼᇾ Ɋȼᇾ ᒅē!ᕏ! ᕏē!ᕏ!
ቒ! ቒ!
ᖕ! ᖕ!
ቴ! ቴ!
ɊɄᇾ ɊɄᇾ ᒅē!ཚ! ᕏē!ཚ!
௺! ௺!
ዑ! ዑ!
ᑼ! ᑼ!
ɊȾᇾ ɊȾᇾ ᒅē!! ᕏē!!
ᙯ! ᙯ!
!ڌ !ڌ
ඳ! ඳ!
Lesson 17 ቡ! ቡ!
൘! ൘!
! !
ᕨ! ᕨ!
! !
ባ ባ
ᗧ! ᗧ!
! !
ᒅē!Ⴤ! ᕏē!Ⴤ!
ይ! ይ!
Ꮅ! Ꮅ!
᎗! ᎗!
ᒑ! ᒑ!
ๆ! ๆ!
ᘹ ᘹ
ᑛ! ᑛ!
ථ! ථ!
ങ! ങ!
ᑗ! ᑗ!
Lesson 18 ! !
ᕑ! ᕑ!
Lesson 19 ᒾ! ᒾ!
ཥ! ཥ!
ᒅē!ᓈ ᕏē!ᓈ
ɀɊᇾ ɀɊᇾ
ᆌ! ᆌ!
Lesson 20 ᗦ! ᗦ!
ਾ! ਾ!
ᆿ ᆿ
ሂ ሂ
English Translations of Language in Use
A3
ᇾʼߜʼᓺᘭ ᇾʼߜʼᓺᘭ ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF LANGUAGE IN USE Lesson 11
My Unexpected Stay in Hospital
(Xiao Xie is hospitalized. His roommate Chang Tian is taking care of him. His classmate Mingxiu arrives.) Mingxiu: Xiao Xie: Mingxiu: Xiao Xie:
Chang Tian:
Xiao Xie:
Chang Tian:
Mingxiu: Xiao Xie:
Chang Tian: Xiao Xie: Mingxiu: Chang Tian: Xiao Xie:
How are you? Are you feeling better? Much better. I’m fine. You are so busy but still found time to visit me. I feel bad (am so embarrassed) being such a bother to you. Don’t worry about it. As long as you are fine, that’s what matters. What happened? Why are you in hospital? Oh! It was like this: a few days ago I had a stomach ache. I thought maybe it was something I ate and if I took some medicine I would be fine. So, I didn’t pay attention to it. However, I still felt some pain every now and then. This went on for a couple of days. The morning of the day before yesterday it was so painful that I couldn’t take it any more and was taken to the hospital. Right! Zhongming and I just happened not to have class and were home. We saw that he was in severe pain and felt that things were not right, so we quickly called an ambulance to take him to the emergency room. The doctor said that it was acute appendicitis. He needed to operate immediately. As soon as I heard that I needed surgery I was scared to death. I was soon sent to the operating room. Zhongming and I were waiting anxiously outside. However, it was not too bad. The operation went smoothly. When the operation was finished he was taken by a nurse to the ward to recuperate. Oh (I see)! That’s how it was. By the way, have you told your family yet? They must be very worried. Oh! Initially I was afraid that they would worry too much, so I didn’t dare tell them. I waited until yesterday when the operation was over, and then I called my mom. I told her things are fine now, but she is still very worried. I was scolded by her on the phone, she asked why I didn’t tell her earlier. Your mom is concerned about you! Parents all over the world worry like this. They will hurry over to see you tomorrow. That’s right. Oh! I will miss several weeks of classes. What am I going to do about my coursework? Don’t worry about school. I will help you ask for leave. When you are better we can help you review (the coursework). Yes! Don’t worry about it so much now. You should rest well so that you will recover sooner. Thank you very much.
A4
English Translations of Language in Use
Lesson 12
A Special Thanks for Your Help!
(Xiao Xie is recovering from his illness. In order to thank everyone for their help, his mom has specially cooked a feast to treat Mingxiu, Chang Tian, and Zhongming.) Mingxiu:
Congratulations to you, Xiao Xie, on being discharged from the hospital. You look fine and seem to be recovering well. Xiao Xie: It’s not bad. I hope I can be as active as before. However, at the moment I can’t run around. I have no choice but to stay home. Most of the time, I just lie in bed. I’m in the house all day long and am extremely bored. Mom: Don’t think about it! If you had known it would come to this, you would have acted differently. If you had paid more attention to your health and went to check it out earlier, you wouldn’t be in this condition. Xiao Xie: Oh dear! I know I was wrong. I really regret it. I really won’t dare to do it again. Dad: Indeed, we were lucky to have your help. If it were not for your help things would have been even worse. Mom: That’s true. Thank goodness. There is great fortune amidst misfortune. Luckily you were both around, or the consequences would be unthinkable. Xiao Xie: Sorry. This matter took up so much of your time. You had to go to the trouble of making several trips to the hospital. It was too much of a burden for you. Chang Tian: It was nothing. No trouble at all. We didn’t do much. You are all being too polite. Zhongming: Right! It was no trouble at all. The hospital is close by and it was easy for me to come by after class to see you. It was really nothing. Mingxiu: We did what we should have done. When you are away from home, it’s hard to deal with these kinds of situations. Mom: You are really kind. By the way, about school, are the matters of asking for leave and insurance resolved? Mingxiu: They have all been taken care of. Xiao Xie has a note from the doctor, therefore his absence will be excused. When he comes back to school he can rejoin the class and make up the work. As for health insurance, Xiao Xie is covered so there’s no problem there either. Xiao Xie: Terrific! Due to your help, all the unlucky things have disappeared. I really appreciate it. Dad: This has gone so smoothly because of your help. As the saying goes, “At home you have parents to count on; away from home you have to rely on friends.” This is absolutely right! Mom: Oh! Let’s stop talking. You must all be hungry. Come on, please be seated. The food is getting cold. Dad: Right! Come, please sit down. Let’s have a toast to our health and friendship. Dad, Mom, Xiao Xie, Zhongming, Chang Tian, and Mingxiu: OK. Cheers!
English Translations of Language in Use
Lesson 13
A5
I Need Some Advice
(Shi Wenchao has had a fight with his girlfriend. He is in a bad mood. He has come to find Shunqiang for a chat. Wenchao asks Shunqiang for some advice.) Shi Wenchao: Shunqiang, may I come in to talk to you for a bit? He Shunqiang (opens the door): Hey! It’s you, Wenchao! Please come in. What’s up? Did you have a fight with your girlfriend again? Shi Wenchao: Oh dear! You are so smart. You can read my mind immediately. Yes! I had a fight with Caiyi yesterday. He Shunqiang: Oh! You two were fine yesterday. How could you have had another fight by today? Shi Wenchao: Well, here’s the story: she bought a digital camera and had some problems with it. She wanted to return it and wanted me to go with her. I accidentally overslept and she called me to tell me to hurry up. I hung up the phone and immediately drove over to pick her up. He Sunqiang: That sounds fine. How did it end up with a fight? Shi Wenchao: The problem came later. She told me to bring my cell phone. She also told me not to turn it on so I could concentrate on driving. He Shunqiang: That doesn’t seem to be a problem. She seems very cautious. Not bad. Shi Wenchao: Let me finish the story, then you’ll know. I drove onto the highway and there was a small accident in front of me so I ran into a traffic jam. I wanted to get off at the nearest exit, but the exit was closed. No cars were allowed through. I was totally stuck. At first I thought I could use my cell phone to call her, but I was in such a hurry when I headed out that I left my cell phone at home. I was worried that she had been waiting too long so I took a chance and drove on the shoulder, but I was caught by a policeman and got a ticket. He Shunqiang: Uh oh. That’s really bad luck. Shi Wenchao: Yes! I really regretted it, but it was too late. When I arrived, I was two hours late. However, she was still there waiting for me. As soon as she saw me she gave me an angry “Humph!”and scolded me for always being late. He Shunqiang: She was just angry. (She didn’t really mean it.) Shi Wenchao: True. However, I was already in a bad mood from getting a ticket and as soon as I heard her complaining I started to get angry. So we had a fight. He Shunqiang: Oh, so it was like that. No problem. Listen to me, you need to remember that being on time is very important. Moreover, you have a quick temper and you should change that. As for Caiyi, a day has passed and she should feel better now. I suggest that first you apologize to her, then go with her to return the digital camera, then treat her to a movie or meal . . . something like that. I think she might forgive you then. Shi Wenchao: OK. Let me think it over again. Thanks for the advice. He Shunqiang: No need to thank me. Good luck!
A6
English Translations of Language in Use
Lesson 14
Please Accept My Apology
(After listening to Shunqiang’s advice, Wenchao wanted to call Caiyi. However, he didn’t know how to start talking to her. He thought he might send her an email, instead. It so happened that he saw that Caiyi was online. He suddenly had a good idea. He hoped to have an online chat with Caiyi to gain her understanding and forgiveness. Below is their online dialogue.) Shi Wenchao writes:
Caiyi, it’s me, Wenchao. Are you all right? Are you still angry with me?
(Caiyi doesn’t reply the first time.) Shi Wenchao writes again: Dear Caiyi, how have you been? I know that you are online now. It is raining. The rain is pattering outside and my heart is going pitter-patter. I don’t know what to say to you, but I do want to say the right thing. (Time is ticking by but Caiyi hasn’t replied yet . . . . After a while Caiyi cannot help but reply . . . .) Caiyi: I still feel bad. It seems that there is nothing for us to talk about. You left me feeling disappointed. Shi Wenchao: Caiyi, it’s you! I am so happy that you’ve finally started to talk. Oh dear! Actually, I also don’t want to say too much. I just want to apologize. I would like to say “I’m sorry” to you. What happened yesterday was all my fault. It was a misunderstanding. Caiyi: I am still very sad. At first, I thought I wouldn’t pay attention to you but after I saw what you wrote, I just cannot help but start crying. Shi Wenchao: You must feel wronged, so you feel bad and sad. Don’t cry. The picture of you brimming with tears is hard for me to take. Caiyi: Stop it! You never cared about my feelings at all! Shi Wenchao: I am sorry. I really don’t know what to say. I shouldn’t have been late and made you wait so long for me. I was in a hurry and forgot my cell phone. On the way, I ran into a traffic jam and had no way to let you know. Then I drove on the shoulder and was caught by a policeman and got a ticket. At that time, I was in a very bad mood. I hope you can understand and accept my apology. Caiyi: I didn’t receive your call and thought that something might have happened to you. I was so worried. I was concerned about your safety! Shi Wenchao: What you just said touches me and makes me happy. I am touched that you waited for me for so long and didn’t leave. I am so happy to know that you still care about me. Caiyi: To tell you the truth, I regretted our fight. I shouldn’t have scolded you before I knew what had really happened. Shi Wenchao: You were right to scold me. If I had left earlier, and if I were normally more punctual, you wouldn’t have been so mad.
English Translations of Language in Use
A7
Caiyi: Yes! I felt quite wronged. You should really change your bad habit. Shi Wenchao: I will definitely change it. By the way, I’m free tomorrow. How about I go with you to return the digital camera? What do you think? Caiyi: Hmm, OK. What time? Shi Wenchao: Is 3:00 p.m. fine with you? Caiyi: It should be fine. Shi Wenchao: You seem to have accepted my apology. Thank goodness! After returning the digital camera, let’s go to eat and then go to a concert. How about that? Caiyi: It sounds good. OK, we have both agreed on it and you cannot be late again! Shi Wenchao: I guarantee it. I will definitely arrive there on time. See you tomorrow! Caiyi: See you tomorrow!
Lesson 15
Requesting a Favor
Sender: Shi, Wenchao Receiver: Gao, Xinyuan Subject: Please help me purchase tapes Time of delivery: 4/21 3:45 p.m. Xinyuan, We haven’t been in touch for quite a long time, and now that I am writing to you it is because I need to ask you a favor. I am a bit embarrassed, really. I’ve had a problem recently. If you can help me, please do. Last week I got into an argument with my girlfriend Caiyi over some trivial thing and had just sorted it out when another unexpected problem came up. Here is the story: Caiyi lent me an Elvis Presley tape. It is her favorite tape. When she handed it to me she emphasized to me repeatedly that I must take good care of it and I guaranteed her that nothing would happen to it. But when I was listening to it, it got tangled in my old tape recorder. When I quickly pulled it out from the tape recorder I used too much force. Not only did I fail to pull it out, I also broke it. I did not dare tell Caiyi. The moment I thought of her in tears, my heart was broken. I was thinking of buying her another copy of the same tape and waiting until after I got the new tape to tell her about this and admit my carelessness. However, I have searched all the stores in the past two days and just cannot find the same tape. Therefore, I have no choice but to turn to you for help. Can you look for me in the stores around your neighborhood? I hope I’ll be able to find the Elvis Presley tape. Otherwise Caiyi will not forgive me! Thanks for going to all this trouble for me. Wenchao
A8
English Translations of Language in Use
Sender: Gao, Xinyuan Receiver: Shi, Wenchao Subject: I’ve got the CD Time of delivery: 4/25 11:23 p.m. Wenchao, Don’t worry. I’ve bought what you need. I was not able to get the Elvis Presley tape, but I found a CD. Right after I received your email, I went to look in the nearby music stores. Although Elvis is still very famous here, I couldn’t find it because his songs are not as popular as before. I searched online, but still no success. Finally I posted on e-store for tapes of Elvis and received an email this afternoon informing me that a CD was available. I thought a CD would be even better so I bought it for you. Anyway, the problem is now solved and you should receive the CD very soon. Xinyuan
Lesson 16 Visiting Teacher Xie (It is spring break. Jianming Zhang and Ling Xia, two senior students, have come to visit Teacher Xie as they have in previous years. Jianming Zhang has also taken this opportunity to bring his girlfriend, Xiaoli Wu, to meet Teacher Xie.) (Ring . . . The door bell rings. Teacher Xie comes to open the door.) Zhang Jianming and Xia Ling: How are you, Teacher? Long time no see. We have come to visit you. Teacher Xie: Oh, you are all here. Wonderful! Come on, step in please. Zhang Jianming: Xiaoli, this is Teacher Xie whom I’ve mentioned to you many times. Teacher, this is my girlfriend, Xiaoli. Wu Xiaoli: How do you do, Teacher Xie. I’m very glad to meet you. Jianming talks about you so often. He says you are his best teacher and that all the students like you. Teacher Xie: It’s not like that! They are all good students, hard-working and striving for the best. I find it very rewarding to teach them. Zhang Jianming: You’ve taught us a lot, including, among other things, how to treat other people and to deal with things. This is very valuable. Xia Ling: Yes. We’ve been thinking of you. No matter how busy we are, we have to come and visit you. Teacher Xie: All of you are very thoughtful and caring. You never forget to come and visit. I cannot but feel touched. Come on, take a seat everyone. Don’t stand on ceremony. Just make yourselves at home.
English Translations of Language in Use
A9
Zhang Jianming: I hear that you are going to retire next year. What are you going to do after retirement? Teacher Xie: I am very much looking forward to retirement. I want to do more calligraphy and to study. Xia Ling: I remember that you like calligraphy. Whenever you were doing calligraphy, you were so focused. Sometimes you even forgot to eat. We really admire you for that. Wu Xiaoli: You are already so learned and knowledgeable. Why do you still want to study? Teacher Xie: It is never too late to learn more. You must remember, the more you study the more you feel you really know too little. Although I started to teach when I was only 20-something and have been teaching for more than 30 years, I still like to be a student. I can learn more and know more. Zhang Jianming: We really must learn from you. By the way, Ling Xia intends to continue her studies in graduate school. Teacher Xie: Is that so? Ling Xia, what graduate program are you interested in? Xia Ling: I want to study for a masters in economics. After two years, I want to continue on and am hoping to become a professor of economics. Teacher Xie: Good. You are going to have a very bright future. Xia Ling: You flatter me. Jianming says he’s going to start his own company after graduation. Jianming, tell Teacher your plan. Zhang Jianming: OK. Teacher, you know I have interned at a computer company every summer and gained a lot of knowledge and experience. So after graduation I want to apply what I have learned. I am thinking of starting a computer network company. This will give me an opportunity to temper myself. Wu Xiaoli: He is determined to achieve success before the age of 30! Teacher Xie: Very good. You are all young and promising. I wish you success! I will be proud of you. Work hard. Hey, Xiaoli, are you also graduating this year? Wu Xiaoli: No. They are all graduating this year, but I’m not. My major is medicine. We have to study for six years. (Teacher Xie continues to chat with his students. After two hours, the students prepare to leave.) Zhang Jianming (looking at his watch): Oh, it is late. We have bothered you for too long. We must be going. Teacher Xie: It’s still early! No problem. Stay a bit longer. Xia Ling: No, thank you, Teacher. We really must go. We’ll come to see you again when we have some time. Teacher Xie: All right, then. I’m very glad that you came to see me. Take your time. Wu Xiaoli: Take care, Teacher. Please don’t bother to see us out. Goodbye.
A10
English Translations of Language in Use
Lesson 17
Let Me Help You Apply for an Internship
Shi Ruying:
There was a lecture at the school career center yesterday. It explained how to write a résumé, and how to apply for jobs or to graduate schools. It was very helpful. Come on, tell me . . . how do you write a résumé? I want to apply for an internship at a company this summer. Didn’t you apply last year? Huh? Don’t you remember I didn’t get it last year? It was precisely because I didn’t write my résumé well. As a matter of fact, it’s not very complicated to write a résumé. First of all, you need to be clear about what kind of job you want to apply for. Then adjust your résumé based on the requirements of the different jobs. That is to say, if you apply for different jobs you need to write your résumé differently. Is that right? Exactly. You must stress your strong points in your résumé. Didn’t you write it like that last year? No, I didn’t. No wonder I was turned down last year. I’ve got to do a careful revision of my résumé. By the way, aren’t you also going to do an internship this summer? Yes, you’re right. But I still don’t know what companies have positions available. There is a lot of information online. Didn’t you know ? I’ll send some to you tonight. Hey, didn’t they give you any websites yesterday? They did. They said we could download application forms directly from the Web, fill them in, and send them out. We can also apply online. Right. I did my application online. Next, I will need some recommendation letters. Haven’t you talked to your professors yet? You’d better hurry. Professors’ time is limited. I’ve thought about it. I am going to make a plan and talk to some professors in a few days. I hope they will agree to write recommendation letters for me. I am sure they will be very willing to help you with the recommendation letters. You are so smart and capable, with such good qualifications. Don’t worry. I hope so (I hope what you said is right).
Zhang Huali: Shi Ruying: Zhang Huali: Shi Ruying:
Zhang Huali: Shi Ruying: Zhang Huali:
Shi Ruying: Zhang Huali: Shi Ruying: Zhang Huali: Shi Ruying: Zhang Huali: Shi Ruying: Zhang Huali:
Shi Ruying:
English Translations of Language in Use
Lesson 18
A11
“Why Are You Interested in This Job?”
Director Chen: How do you do, Miss Wen. I am very happy that you are interested in our company. Wen Ruhua: How do you do, Director Chen. Thank you for giving me this opportunity. Director Chen: I read your résumé. You have double majors: e-commerce and computer science. You are graduating this year, right? Wen Ruhua: Yes, I am graduating this coming May, in about one month. Director Chen: Why are you interested in business? Wen Ruhua: Because my father is in business. Influenced by my father, I’ve had an interest in business since my childhood. Director Chen: Could you tell me why you want to come to work in our company? Wen Ruhua: I checked your company’s website and learned that yours is a large computer consulting company. You not only develop your own software, but also provide a lot of consulting services. Director Chen: You’re right. Although our company is only six years old, it has developed very fast. We now have around 300 employees. Wen Ruhua: I hear you’ve gone public, right? Director Chen: Exactly. Although we went public only at the beginning of last year, our business has been going very well. Can you tell me something about yourself? Wen Ruhua: I am a student at Zhonghua University. Besides majors in business and computer science, I also have a Chinese minor. My GPA is very high. I have received awards from the university several times and also worked as the SAC (Student Association Council) president of the business school. I have organized many activities. For all the important activities at our university, I was one of the organizers. Director Chen: Have you been involved in any research projects? Wen Ruhua: Yes, I have. Starting last year, I began doing some research with a professor. Now I am writing my graduation thesis. Director Chen: What else do you like to do besides study? Wen Ruhua: I like many things, but I like traveling the best. Director Chen: That’s good. This job requires a lot of traveling. Wen Ruhua: That’s exactly what I want! Even if I had to travel every day, I would love it. Director Chen: Do you have any other questions? Wen Ruhua: May I ask when you will make your decision? Director Chen: I would say next Monday. We will call you. Wen Ruhua: OK, I’ll be waiting for your call. Thanks again for giving me this opportunity.
A12
English Translations of Language in Use
Lesson 19
“Have You Had Any Job Offers?”
Zhou Huaxin: Xinmin, have you had any job offers? Jin Xinmin: I’ve had three offers: one financial bank and two consulting companies. In the past few days I have been trying to decide which one to accept. Zhou Huaxin: Really! At the moment the economy is not fully recovered. The job market is still weak and there is still very intense competition. But you have three job offers! How wonderful! Congratulations! Jin Xinmin: Thank you, but I think it’s mainly because I have been lucky. Zhou Huaxin: Don’t be so modest! Anybody who gets a good job must have good qualifications. No good qualifications, no good job! Jin Xinmin: Not really. I am just lucky. Zhou Huaxin: Then which company are you going to work for? Jin Xinmin: Maybe the big consulting company. Their pay is higher. Zhou Huaxin: I would take the bank offer. That’s a “golden rice bowl” deal that can’t be broken. Jin Xinmin: You may be right. Jobs at a large bank are more stable and the benefits are good too. Zhou Huaxin: But you still need to see what the salary will be. Jin Xinmin: The starting salary at the bank is $60K, the small consulting company $52K, and the large one $55K. But they are all public companies and they all offer stock options. Zhou Huaxin: That looks pretty good. Make a decision then! Jin Xinmin: But there are still some differences in the benefits they offer. Zhou Huaxin: OK, OK, you are just like an old woman! All right, tell me what the differences are. Jin Xinmin: Their retirement and health-insurance plans are basically the same, and they offer very good subsidies for business trips. However, if I want to take some graduate courses in the future, the bank offers some subsidies while the consulting companies do not have this benefit. That’s why I am hesitating a bit. Zhou Huaxin: If you ask me, whichever pays well (is good). Jin Xinmin: I don’t think I agree with you. To me, it is true that money is important, but the working environment is even more important. Zhou Huaxin: You are right there. Sometimes a good working environment is indeed more important than the salary. Jin Xinmin: As a matter of fact, I want to go to the large consulting company because I hear that the relationships among the people who work there are very good and the boss is nice as well. Zhou Huaxin: This is indeed an important issue. Jin Xinmin: My dad also said: “You are still young. You will be able to make money sooner or later, but a good working environment is not that easy to find.” Zhou Huaxin: What your dad said is exactly right. Follow his words and you won’t go wrong.
English Translations of Language in Use
Lesson 20
A13
Which Job Offer Should I Accept?
Jiansheng, How are you? We haven’t been in touch for quite a while. How have you been? Is everything all right? I am graduating this year and have been job hunting, so I’ve been very busy recently. I had hoped to find a company that offered jobs in my field and good benefits as well. As the economy is not fully recovered yet, it is not very easy to find a job, not to mention an ideal job. Therefore, I was very nervous. I was also prepared, in case I could not find a job, to apply to graduate school to study for another two years and get a master’s degree, rather than staying at home waiting. Some time ago, I went to some companies for interviews. I went to five companies. I was thinking that as long as a company would hire me, I would accept even though the salary might be low. I had not expected that three companies, all of them good companies, would make offers. I am very pleased. I have not decided which company’s offer I will take. Originally, I was thinking I would go to whichever company would hire me. Now that I’ve got three offers, I certainly need to make a good choice. Because you’ve been working for a year, and you must have some experiences, I would like to know your opinion. I very much want to know what kind of questions I should ask when I negotiate with them. I hope you can give me some advice so that I won’t say the wrong thing. Four years of university life will soon be over. Looking back on the four years, I feel I have achieved a great deal. I have not only gained a lot of knowledge, what’s more important is that I have gained a clearer picture of my goals for the future. What’s more, I want to work for a few years, and then come back to school to pursue graduate studies so that I can learn more things. How about you? Isn’t it true that you are thinking about the same thing? All right, I’ll stop here. I hope you are happy in your work. Your friend, Xinmin
A14
Language in Use with Pinyin
ᇾʼ ࠑܙᇾʼ ࠑܙ LANGUAGE IN USE WITH PINYIN Lesson 11
My Unexpected Stay in Hospital
)ˉᓂўʟĎ͂̄݉ڟલ̈ϵठᘞັ᛫͂Ď )ˉᓂўʟĎ͂̄݉ڟલ̈ϵठᘞັ᛫͂Ď (Xi`o Xiè zhùyuàn le, tVde shìycu Cháng TiVn zài pángbiVn zhàogu tV,
͂ڟϣደقվʟĄ* ͂ڟϣደقվʟĄ*
tVde tóngxué MíngxiZ láile.)
قē! قē!
ݩᅄᆺĎЁϻʟฝĔ ݩᅄᆺĎЁϻʟฝĔ
MíngxiZ:
Zanmeyàng, h`oduY le ma?
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē!
ЁϻʟĎԠձʟĄѱեᅄДᓙ྆վӨĎ˚Ё๎ݦĄ ЁϻʟĎԠձʟĄѱեᅄДᓙ྆վӨĎ˚Ё๎ݦĄ
Xi`o Xiè:
قē! قē! MíngxiZ:
H`oduYle, méishì le. Nb nàme máng hái guòlái kàn wc, zhWn bùh`oyìsi.
ࢺڟབྷĎЊ౷ЁĄ֗ݩސᅄϱձĔѱݩᅄўʟֹĔ ࢺڟབྷĎЊ౷ЁĄ֗ݩސᅄϱձĔѱݩᅄўʟֹĔ
N`r de huà, píngVn jiùh`o. Dàodb shì zanme huíshì? Nb zanme zhùyuàn le ne?
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē!
ࢸĕձڟ༄྆ސᆺڟē܉ಁ̈Ө౷ᚈુՈ˅˚൲وĎ ࢸĕձڟ༄྆ސᆺڟē܉ಁ̈Ө౷ᚈુՈ˅˚൲وĎ
Xi`o Xiè:
Ài! Shìqing de jXngguò shì zhèyàngde: QiánjbtiVn wc jiù juéde dùzi bùshZfu,
! !
̾ߏސϬᖽՈ˅ʟĎϬʟᗾ౷ЁʟĎʶ౷Ԡ႓ͺĄѮސ ̾ߏސϬᖽՈ˅ʟĎϬʟᗾ౷ЁʟĎʶ౷Ԡ႓ͺĄѮސ
ybwéi shì chXhuài dùzi le, chXleyào jiùhuì h`ole, yajiù méi gu`n tV. Dànshì
! !
ФढᓙސঃĎشʟʙ֍̈Ą̈܉ОʰঃુᅗࣛĎ ФढᓙސঃĎشʟʙ֍̈Ą̈܉ОʰঃુᅗࣛĎ
ycushíhou háishì huì téng, tuYle yìli`ngtiVn. QiántiVn z`oshang téngde lìhai,
! !
֧˚ʟʟĄ౷ᆺĎӨਚᖂʟĄ ֧˚ʟʟĄ౷ᆺĎӨਚᖂʟĄ
shòubuli`o le. Jiùzhèyàng, wc bèi sòng jìn yXyuàn le.
Language in Use with Pinyin
લ̈ē! લ̈ē!
A15
ސҢĕ˛ַقӨࢤЁԠϵࣜĎ͂ঃુᅗࣛĎ ސҢĕ˛ַقӨࢤЁԠϵࣜĎ͂ঃુᅗࣛĎ
Cháng TiVn: ShìyV! ZhYngmíng hé wc gVngh`o méikè zàijiV, kàn tV téngde lìhai,
! !
ᚈુ˚ٷဇĎ౷ʰΈྫབྷͩ૿ᛖՙĎ ᚈુ˚ٷဇĎ౷ʰΈྫབྷͩ૿ᛖՙĎ juéde qíngkuàng búduì, jiù m`shàng d`diànhuà jiào jiùhùchW,
! !
Ӱ͂ਚݨඨ݉͞ʟĄ Ӱ͂ਚݨඨ݉͞ʟĄ b`tV sòngjìn jízhanshì qùle.
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē! Xi`o Xiè:
ᖂΡჳڡؒݨސ༗ڇĎࡌʰʦĄ ᖂΡჳڡؒݨސ༗ڇĎࡌʰʦĄ
YXshWng shuY shì jíxìng mángchángyán, yào m`shàng kVidVo.
! !
ʙࡌ̙Ď౷ӰӨᐃЫʟĎݞӤӨ౷ਚ ʙࡌ̙Ď౷ӰӨᐃЫʟĎݞӤӨ౷ਚ
! !
̙݉ʟĄ ̙݉ʟĄ
Yì tXng yào dòngshcushù, jiùb` wc xiàsble, hankuài wcjiù bèi sòngjìn
shcushùshì le.
લ̈ē! લ̈ē!
Өַ˛قϵʹकጊ̖ڟĎ˚྆ᓙЁĎ Өַ˛قϵʹकጊ̖ڟĎ˚྆ᓙЁĎ
Cháng TiVn: Wc hé ZhYngmíng zài wàimiàn tbng dVnxXn de, búguò háih`o,
! !
̙їુݞҁĄ̙Ӈʟ̾ݣĎ͂౷ᛖˁ൝ ̙їુݞҁĄ̙Ӈʟ̾ݣĎ͂౷ᛖˁ൝
shcushù jìnxíngde han shùnlì. Shcushù wánle ybhòu, tV jiù ràng hùshì gai
! !
૰ॾؘτኴʟĄ ૰ॾؘτኴʟĄ
tuXjìn bìngfáng xiZy`ng le.
قē! قē! MíngxiZ:
ోĕࢨվސᆺڟĄဇʟĎѱࣜڣʡʟฝĔ͂࢈ʙݨסЫʟĄ ోĕࢨվސᆺڟĄဇʟĎѱࣜڣʡʟฝĔ͂࢈ʙݨסЫʟĄ )! Yuánlái shì zhèyàngde. Duìle, nb tYngzhX jiVrén le ma? TVmen yídìng jísb le.
A16
Language in Use with Pinyin
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē! Xi`o Xiè:
! !
ࢸĕΏվӨؐ͂࢈ጊ̖Ď˚ಸҙට͂࢈Ą̈ޒ̙ ࢸĕΏվӨؐ͂࢈ጊ̖Ď˚ಸҙට͂࢈Ą̈ޒ̙
Ài! Banlái wc pà tVmen dVnxXn, bùg`n gàosu tVmen. ZuótiVn dang shcushù
ൖԂ̾ݣĎ˗൝ΈྫབྷĎҙටЂ˚ࡌႧʟĎ͟ސЂᓙސ ൖԂ̾ݣĎ˗൝ΈྫབྷĎҙටЂ˚ࡌႧʟĎ͟ސЂᓙސ jiéshù ybhòu, cái gai mVma d`diànhuà, gàosù tV búyàojbn le, kashì tV háishì
! !
ጊ̖ુݞĎᓙΡॉֹĄӨᓙͩЂϵྫབྷཇ൝ሪʟʙླĎ ጊ̖ુݞĎᓙΡॉֹĄӨᓙͩЂϵྫབྷཇ൝ሪʟʙླĎ
dVnxXn de han, hái shWngqì ne. Wc hái jiào tV zài diànhuàlb gai màle yídùn,
! !
ჳӨݩᅄᅄଏ˗ҙටЂĄ ჳӨݩᅄᅄଏ˗ҙටЂĄ
shuY wc zanme zhèmew`n cái gàosu tV.
લ̈ē! લ̈ē!
ѱސᘰ̖ѱ੭ĕ͟ᆕ̈ʮ̮Δ̖ĕѱ͂࢈̈ق ѱސᘰ̖ѱ੭ĕ͟ᆕ̈ʮ̮Δ̖ĕѱ͂࢈̈ق
Cháng TiVn: Nb mVma shì guVnxXn nb a! Kalián tiVnxià fùmdxXn! Nbkàn tVmen míngtiVn
! !
౷ࡌᄂ྆վѱʟĄ ౷ࡌᄂ྆վѱʟĄ
jiùyào g`nguòlái kàn nb le.
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē! Xi`o Xiè:
! !
ჳڟʶސĄࢸĕӨࡌЁಁޑೈ˚ʰʟĎ ჳڟʶސĄࢸĕӨࡌЁಁޑೈ˚ʰʟĎ
ShuYde yashì. Ài! Wcyào h`ojbge xXngqX dYu bùnéng shàngkè le,
͒ݩᅄᎲĔ ͒ݩᅄᎲĔ gYngkè zanmebàn?
قē! قē! MíngxiZ:
! !
ደमեᘞĎѱ˚ࡌጊ̖ĎӨᐓѱቜڟĄ ደमեᘞĎѱ˚ࡌጊ̖ĎӨᐓѱቜڟĄ
Xuéxiào nàbiVn, nb búyào dVnxXn, wc huì bVngnb qbngjiàde.
ѱЁʟ̾ݣĎӨ࢈ϔᐓѱಈĄ ѱЁʟ̾ݣĎӨ࢈ϔᐓѱಈĄ
Dang nb h`ole ybhòu, wcmen zài bVng nb fùxí.
Language in Use with Pinyin
લ̈ē! લ̈ē!
A17
ސҢĎ୪ϵ౷ѿ႓եᅄϻʟĄѱЁЁϴτኴĎ ސҢĎ୪ϵ౷ѿ႓եᅄϻʟĄѱЁЁϴτኴĎ
Cháng TiVn: Shìya, xiànzài jiù biégu`n nàmeduY le. Nb h`oh`ode xiZy`ng,
! !
˗О̠શಈĄ ˗О̠શಈĄ
cáinéng z`orì kVngfù.
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē! Xi`o Xiè:
Lesson 12
ե౷̊ᓂᓂѱ࢈ʟĄ ե౷̊ᓂᓂѱ࢈ʟĄ
Nà jiù tài xièxie nbmen le.
A Special Thanks for Your Help!
)ˉᓂॾЁʟĎߏʟࡌൎᓂ˃ࣜڟᐓ҅Ď५ϴഔʟʙहඊ )ˉᓂॾЁʟĎߏʟࡌൎᓂ˃ࣜڟᐓ҅Ď५ϴഔʟʙहඊ (Xi`o Xiè bìngh`ole, wèile yào dáxiè dàjiV de bVngzhù, mVma tèdì zhdle yìzhuY cài
ቜقďલַ̈˛قվϬĄ* ቜقďલַ̈˛قվϬĄ*
qbng MíngxiZ, Cháng TiVn hé ZhYngmíng lái chXfàn.)
قē! قē! MíngxiZ:
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē! Xi`o Xiè:
! !
ˉᓂĎࣾѱ͎ʟĄѱਔվႠড˚ᎿĎݮಈુݞЁĄ ˉᓂĎࣾѱ͎ʟĄѱਔվႠড˚ᎿĎݮಈુݞЁĄ
Xi`o Xiè, gYngxb nb chZyuàn le. Nb kànqblái jXngshén búcuò, huXfù de hanh`o.
ᓙ̾͟੨ĕӔଖӨ̾܉ʙᆺ߀ĄѮސ ᓙ̾͟੨ĕӔଖӨ̾܉ʙᆺ߀ĄѮސ
Hái kayb la! XXwàng wc néng gWn ybqián yíyàng línghuó. Dànshì zhèduàn
ढĎӨ˚คවĎͫЁݟϵࣜཇĎ࣯˚ϻ̈̈ ढĎӨ˚คවĎͫЁݟϵࣜཇĎ࣯˚ϻ̈̈ shíjiVn, wc bùnéng luànp`o, zhbh`o dVizài jiVlb, chàbùduY tiVntiVn
! !
ኂϵӗʰĄጌ̈ᘰϵࣜཇĎӤӰӨಎЫʟĕ ኂϵӗʰĄጌ̈ᘰϵࣜཇĎӤӰӨಎЫʟĕ
dYu t`ngzài chuángshàng. ZhangtiVn bèi guVnzài jiVlb, kuài b` wc mWnsble!
A18
Language in Use with Pinyin
ē! ē! MVma:
! !
႗ʟґĕОڣЃЪĎѤΆ໋ۑĄѱࡌސϻ٧๎Ď ႗ʟґĕОڣЃЪĎѤΆ໋ۑĄѱࡌސϻ٧๎Ď
Suànle ba! Z`ozhX rúcb, hébì dVngchZ. Nb yàoshì néng duY zhùyì shWntb,
Оᔈ͞ᐮޥĎ౷˚֗ᆺڟϴԏʟĄ Оᔈ͞ᐮޥĎ౷˚֗ᆺڟϴԏʟĄ
z`odi`r qù ji`nchá, jiù búhuì dào zhèyàng de dìbù le.
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē!
ܙҢĕӨཾڣᎿʟĎݣअĕʮЩ˚ڟಸʟĕ ܙҢĕӨཾڣᎿʟĎݣअĕʮЩ˚ڟಸʟĕ
Xi`o Xiè:
&iya! Wc zhXdào cuòle, zhWn hòuhub! Xiàcì zhWnde bùg`n le!
ڍڍē! ڍڍē!
ჳڟĎЩސϻᒫʟѱ࢈Ąࡌ˚ސѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď ჳڟĎЩސϻᒫʟѱ࢈Ąࡌ˚ސѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ď
Bàba:
! !
ShuY zhWnde, zhècì zhWnshì duYkuX le nbmen. Yàobúshì nbmende bVngzhù,
ձ͟ԁᑸֹĄ ձ͟ԁᑸֹĄ
shìqing kanéng huì gèngzVo ne.
ē! ē! MVma:
ჳڟʶސĎސᓂ̈ᓂϴĎ˚˃ڟ˛Ą ჳڟʶސĎސᓂ̈ᓂϴĎ˚˃ڟ˛Ą
ShuYde yashì, zhWnshì xiètiVnxièdì, búxìng zhYng de dàxìng.
! !
ᓙЁФѱ࢈ϵĎ˚ഓَݣ౷˚௩๑ʟĄ ᓙЁФѱ࢈ϵĎ˚ഓَݣ౷˚௩๑ʟĄ
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē!
ဇ˚ਔĎЩ͟Ӱѱ࢈ДᖽʟĎࣛѱ࢈වʟЁಁቷᖂĄ ဇ˚ਔĎЩ͟Ӱѱ࢈ДᖽʟĎࣛѱ࢈වʟЁಁቷᖂĄ
Xi`o Xiè:
Háih`o ycu nbmen zài, bùrán hòuguc jiù bùkVnshèxi`ng le.
Duìbuqb, zhècì ka b` nbmen mánghuài le, hài nbmen p`ole h`o jbtàng yXyuàn.
! !
̊ސబຮѱ࢈ʟĄ ̊ސబຮѱ࢈ʟĄ
લ̈ē! લ̈ē!
Ԡ˧ᅄĎ˚బຮĄӨ࢈Ԡᐓ˧ᅄДĎѱ࢈̊݊ॉʟĄ Ԡ˧ᅄĎ˚బຮĄӨ࢈Ԡᐓ˧ᅄДĎѱ࢈̊݊ॉʟĄ
ZhWnshì tài máfan nbmen le.
Cháng TiVn: Méi shénme, bù máfan. Wcmen méi bVng shénme máng, nbmen tài kèqi le.
Language in Use with Pinyin
˛قē! ˛قē!
ސҢĕʙᔈ˚బຮĎᖂ౷ϵۣۖĎӨʶސʮ̾ݣ౷ ސҢĕʙᔈ˚బຮĎᖂ౷ϵۣۖĎӨʶސʮ̾ݣ౷
ZhYngmíng:
Shìya! Yìdi`n dYu bù máfan, yXyuàn jiùzài fùjìn, wc yashì xiàkè ybhòu jiù
! !
྆͞ۯĄˉձĎԠ˧ᅄĄ ྆͞ۯĄˉձĎԠ˧ᅄĄ
A19
shùnbiàn guòqù kànkan. Xi`oshèr, méi shénme.
قē! قē! MíngxiZ:
! !
ސӨ࢈ᐖཎੈڟĄ͎۞ϵʹĎᒂސФ˚̟ۯ ސӨ࢈ᐖཎੈڟĄ͎۞ϵʹĎᒂސФ˚̟ۯ
Zhèshì wcmen yXnggVi zuòde. ChZmén zàiwài, zcngshì huìycu bù fVngbiàn
ڟढĄ ڟढĄ de shíhou.
ē! ē! MVma:
! !
ѱ࢈ЁĄဇʟĎደमեᘞĎᘰػቜַ۳Ꮞڟձ ѱ࢈ЁĄဇʟĎደमեᘞĎᘰػቜַ۳Ꮞڟձ
Nbmen zhWnh`o. Duìle, xuéxiào nàbiVn, guVnyú qbngjià hé b`oxi`n de shìqing
ཌԚʟฝĔ ཌԚʟฝĔ dYu jiajué le ma?
قē! قē! MíngxiZ:
ᎲЁʟĄˉᓂФᖂΡᘌقĎϰЪ˚ীࣰĄ ᎲЁʟĄˉᓂФᖂΡᘌقĎϰЪ˚ীࣰĄ
DYu bành`o le. Xi`o Xiè ycu yXshWng zhèngmíng, yXncb búhuì bèi jì quWxí.
! !
͂ϱվʰ̾ݣĎʶ̾͑͟ᄄዲďངуĄэػ۳Ꮞ ͂ϱվʰ̾ݣĎʶ̾͑͟ᄄዲďངуĄэػ۳Ꮞ
! !
̟ĎϰߏˉᓂФશ۳ᏎĎؚ̾ʶԠੰᖠĄ ̟ĎϰߏˉᓂФશ۳ᏎĎؚ̾ʶԠੰᖠĄ
Dang tV huílái shàngkè ybhòu, ya kayb cVnjiV fdd`o, bdk`o. Zhìyú b`oxi`n
fVngmiàn, yXnwèi Xi`o Xiè ycu jiànkVng b`oxi`n, sucyb ya méi wèntí.
ˉᓂē! ˉᓂē! Xi`o Xiè:
̊ЁʟĕΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎղࢇຎձϒԠʟĄ ̊ЁʟĕΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅ĎղࢇካձϒԠʟĄ
Tàih`o le! Yóuyú nbmende bVngzhù, zhèxiW d`oméi shèr quán méi le.
A20
Language in Use with Pinyin
ڍڍē! ڍڍē! Bàba:
! !
ձїુᅄҁĎސΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ą۹བྷ ձїુᅄҁĎސΥػѱ࢈ڟᐓ҅Ą۹བྷ
Shìqíng néng jìnxíng de zhème shùnlì, shì yóuyú nbmende bVngzhù. Súhuà
ჳē!ņϵࣜኬ̮ΔĎ͎ʹኬ̄ىŇĎސʙᔈʶԠᎿĕ ჳē!ņϵࣜኬ̮ΔĎ͎ʹኬ̄ىŇĎސʙᔈʶԠᎿĕ shuY: “zàijiV kào fùmd, chZwài kào péngycu”, zhWnshì yìdi`r ya méicuò!
ē! ē! MVma:
! !
ోĕ˚ࡌͫ᛫ൿჳབྷĎѱ࢈ኵʟґĄվվվĎቜʰࣴĎ ోĕ˚ࡌͫ᛫rჳབྷĎѱ࢈ኵʟґĄվվվĎቜʰࣴĎ
)! Búyào zhb gùzhe shuYhuà, nbmen dYu è le ba. Lái lái lái, qbng shàngzuò,
ඊ͟ࡌଳʟĄ ඊ͟ࡌଳʟĄ
cài kayào liáng le.
ڍڍē! ڍڍē! Bàba:
! !
ސҢĕվվվĎቜҲĎቜҲĄӨ࢈ʙਔߏӨ࢈ڟશַ ސҢĕվվվĎቜҲĎቜҲĄӨ࢈ʙਔߏӨ࢈ڟશַ
Shìya! Lái lái lái, qbngzuò, qbngzuò. Wcmen yìqb wèi wcmende jiànkVng hé
̄ੁʙٔґĄ ̄ੁʙٔґĄ ycuyì gVn yì bWi ba.
ڍڍďďˉᓂď˛قďલ̈ďقēЁĎੁٔĕ ڍڍďďˉᓂď˛قďલ̈ďقēЁĎੁٔĕ Bàba, MVma, Xi`o Xiè, ZhYngmíng, Cháng TiVn, MíngxiZ: H`o, gVnbWi!
Lesson 13
I Need Some Advice
)̜ͬයַ˄̄ىҞޜʟĎ̖˚ݞЁĎ͂վӲ઼Ď )̜ͬයַ˄̄ىҞޜʟĎ̖˚ݞЁĎ͂վӲ઼Ď (Shb WénchVo hé njpéngyou ch`ojià le, xXnqíng han bùh`o, tV lái zh`o Shùnqiáng tántan,
ቜ͂൝ʙղݚᚊĄ* ቜ͂൝ʙղݚᚊĄ*
qbng tV gai yìxiW jiànyì.)
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
઼ĎӨվѱฝĔ ઼ĎӨվѱฝĔ
Shb WénchVo:
Shùnqiáng, wc néng jìnlai gWn nb tántan ma?
Language in Use with Pinyin
Ѥ઼)۞*ē! Ѥ઼)۞*ē!
A21
ᅜĎ̜යސѱҢĕቜĎݩᅄڟĎސ˚ސʬ ᅜĎ̜යސѱҢĕቜĎݩᅄڟĎސ˚ސʬ
Hé Shùnqiáng (kVimén): Hèi, WénchVo shì nb yV! Qbngjìn, zanme g`o de, shìbushì yòu gWn
! !
˄̄ىҞޜ੨Ĕ ˄̄ىҞޜ੨Ĕ njpéngyou ch`ojià la?
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ܙҢĕѱᅗࣛĎʰ౷ཾڣӨ̖ڟձʟĄސ੭ĕ ܙҢĕѱᅗࣛĎʰ౷ཾڣӨ̖ڟձʟĄސ੭ĕ
Shb WénchVo:
&iya! Nb zhWn lìhai, m`shàng jiù zhXdào wcde xXnshì le. Shì a!
! !
̈ޒӨַિףҞޜʟĕ ̈ޒӨַિףҞޜʟĕ ZuótiVn wc hé C`iyí ch`ojià le!
Ѥ઼ē! Ѥ઼ē!
ోĕѱ࢈ࢃ̈ޒᓙЁЁڟĎݩᅄˬ̈౷Ҟޜʟĕ ోĕѱ࢈ࢃ̈ޒᓙЁЁڟĎݩᅄˬ̈౷Ҟޜʟĕ
Hé Shùnqiáng: )! Nbmen li` zuótiVn hái h`oh`ode, zanme jXntiVn jiù ch`ojià le!
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ࢸĕձސᆺڟēЂඵʟʙఋᆵሆߺጠĎ͎ʟʙղੰᖠĄ ࢸĕձސᆺڟēЂඵʟʙఋᆵሆߺጠĎ͎ʟʙղੰᖠĄ
Shb WénchVo:
&i! Shìqíng shì zhèyàng de: tV m`ile yíbù shùm` xiàngjX, chZle yìxiW wèntí.
! !
Ђ๑ਝ௲ĎࡌӨగЂ͞ĎӨ˚ˉ̖ႃ྆ᏞʟĄ Ђ๑ਝ௲ĎࡌӨగЂ͞ĎӨ˚ˉ̖ႃ྆ᏞʟĄ
! !
ЂΈྫབྷվซӨӤʙᔈĎӨ૮ʟྫབྷĎʰ౷ ЂΈྫབྷվซӨӤʙᔈĎӨ૮ʟྫབྷĎʰ౷
! !
ՙ͞ЂʟĄ ՙ͞ЂʟĄ
TV xi`ng tuìhuò, yào wc péi tV qù, wc bùxi`oxXn shuì guòtóu le.
TV d` diànhuà lái cuX wc kuài yìdi`r, wc guàle diànhuà, m`shàng jiù
kVichWqù jiW tV le.
Ѥ઼ē! Ѥ઼ē!
եݞЁ੭ĕݩᅄ֗ҞڟޜϴԏֹĔ եݞЁ੭ĕݩᅄ֗ҞڟޜϴԏֹĔ
Hé Shùnqiáng: Nà hanh`o a! Zanme huì dào ch`ojià de dìbù ne?
A22
Language in Use with Pinyin
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ੰᖠ౷͎ϵݣ੨ĕЂκ̈́ӨࡌӰ̙ጠળൿĎ ੰᖠ౷͎ϵݣ੨ĕЂκ̈́ӨࡌӰ̙ጠળrĎ
Shb WénchVo:
Wèntí jiù chZ zài hòumiàn la! TV jiVodài wc yào b` shcujX dài zhe,
! !
˚̙̾͟ጠൿĎᆺ˗ટ̖ՙĄ ˚̙̾͟ጠrĎᆺ˗ટ̖ՙĄ
bù kayb ràng shcujX kVizhe, zhèyàng cáinéng zhuVnxXn kVichW.
Ѥ઼ē! Ѥ઼ē!
ʰ͞Ё࿋Ԡ˧ᅄੰᖠҢĕЂЁ࿋̖ˉݞĎ ʰ͞Ё࿋Ԡ˧ᅄੰᖠҢĕЂЁ࿋̖ˉݞĎ
Hé Shùnqiáng: TXng shàngqu h`oxiàng méi shénme wèntí yV! TV h`oxiàng han xi`oxXn,
! !
˚Ꮏ࿘ĕ ˚Ꮏ࿘ĕ búcuò ma!
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ӨӰވձჳӇѱ౷ཾڣʟĄӨʰఀ˴̾ݣĎ ӨӰވձჳӇѱ౷ཾڣʟĄӨʰఀ˴̾ݣĎ
Shb WénchVo:
Dang wc b` gùshi shuYwán nb jiù zhXdào le. Wc shàng gVosù gYnglù ybhòu,
! !
܉ФʙˉՙႌĎ֗ฬՙʟĄӨ๑ࡌૃ ܉ФʙˉՙႌĎ֗ฬՙʟĄӨ๑ࡌૃ
qiánmiàn ycu yíge xi`o chWhuò, pèngdào sVichW le. Wc xi`ng yào cóng
! !
͎ʿʮ͞Ď͟ސठᘞ͎ڟʿʬᘰਔվʟĎ̥ՙ˅ ͎ʿʮ͞Ď͟ސठᘞ͎ڟʿʬᘰਔվʟĎ̥ՙ˅ chZkcu xiàqu, kashì pángbiVnde chZkcu yòu guVn qblái le, jìnzhb chWzi
! !
྆ĎպӨӇϒ˚ʟʟĄࢨվ๑Έ̙ጠڣЂĎ ྆ĎպӨӇϒ˚ʟʟĄࢨվ๑Έ̙ጠڣЂĎ
tYngguò, shb wc wánquán dòngbuli`o le. Yuánlái xi`ng d` shcujX tYngzhX tV,
! !
Ѯ͔͔ࢤࢤސДДϴවʟ͎վĎ̙ጠͩӨ൝ Ѯ͔͔ࢤࢤސДДϴවʟ͎վĎ̙ጠͩӨ൝ dànshì gVnggVng cYngcYng mángmáng de p`o le chZlái, shcujX jiào wc gai
! !
ӟϵࣜཇʟĄӨؐЂ̊ʴĎ౷ཱྀьˏՖڸĎ ӟϵࣜཇʟĄӨؐЂ̊ʴĎ౷ཱྀьˏՖڸĎ
wàngzài jiVlb le. Wc pà tV huì dang tàijid, jiù bX zìjb zcu lùjiVn,
! !
๑ོॉĄൖَᚌဆӺўʟĎϬʟʙႴĄ ๑ོॉĄൖَᚌဆӺўʟĎϬʟʙႴĄ
xi`ng pèngpeng yùnqi. Jiéguc bèi jbngchá zhuVzhù le, chX le yìzhVng fádVn.
Language in Use with Pinyin
Ѥ઼ē! Ѥ઼ē!
A23
ోĕోĕڟސĎϬᒫʟґĕ ోĕోĕڟސĎϬᒫʟґĕ
Hé Shùnqiáng: )! )! ZhWnshì de, chXkuX le ba!
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ސ੭ĕݣअĎ͟ސː༄վ˚̅ʟĄӨ֗ڟढĎː༄ ސ੭ĕݣअĎ͟ސː༄վ˚̅ʟĄӨ֗ڟढĎː༄
Shb WénchVo:
Shì a! ZhWn hòuhub, kashì ybjXng láibují le. Dang wc dào de shíhòu, ybjXng
! !
Ꮆ֗ʟ֍ᚘᏞĄ˚྆ĎЂᓙϵեӨĄʙՎӨ౷ Ꮆ֗ʟ֍ᚘᏞĄ˚྆ĎЂᓙϵեӨĄʙՎӨ౷
chídào le li`ngge zhYngtóu. Búguò, tV háizài nàr dang wc. Yíjiàn wc jiù
! !
ࢯϴʙᒐĎӰӨሪʟʙླĎჳӨᒂސᜍᎶ֗Ą ࢯϴʙᒐĎӰӨሪʟʙླĎჳӨᒂސᜍᎶ֗Ą
hWng de yìshWng, b` wc mà le yídùn, shuY wc zcngshì xbhuVn chídào.
Ѥ઼ē! Ѥ઼ē!
Ђސჳॉབྷ࿘ĕ Ђސჳॉབྷ࿘ĕ
Hé Shùnqiáng: TV shì shuY qìhuà ma!
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ސ੭ĕ͟ސӨࢤࢤͩᚌဆ൝ʟႴĎ̖˚ݞЁĄ ސ੭ĕ͟ސӨࢤࢤͩᚌဆ൝ʟႴĎ̖˚ݞЁĄ
Shb WénchVo:
Shì a! Kashì wc gVnggVng jiào jbngchá gai kVi le fádVn, xXnqíng han bùh`o.
! !
ʙЂݪزĎӨ౷ΡਔॉվʟĄϰЪӨ࢈౷ҞޜʟĄ ʙЂݪزĎӨ౷ΡਔॉվʟĄϰЪӨ࢈౷ҞޜʟĄ
Ѥ઼ē! Ѥ઼ē!
รĕࢨվЃЪĎ˚ࡌႧڟĕӨჳĎѱࡌўĎЈढސశ รĕࢨվЃЪĎ˚ࡌႧڟĕӨჳĎѱࡌўĎЈढސశ
YìtXng tV bàoyuàn, wc jiù shWng qb qì lái le. YXncb wcmen jiù ch`ojià le.
Hé Shùnqiáng: 'n! Yuánlái rúcb, bú yàojbn de! TXng wc shuY, nb yào jìzhù, shcushí shì zuì
! !
ࡧࡌڟĒᓙФĎѱڟ൮ॉ̨ྲྀݨĎᆺؾ࣠ݞސϬᒫڟĎ ࡧࡌڟĒᓙФĎѱڟ൮ॉ̨ྲྀݨĎᆺؾ࣠ݞސϬᒫڟĎ zhòngyào de; háiycu, nbde píqì bbjiào jí, zhèyàng shì han róngyì chXkuX de,
! !
ᐖཎӽʙӽĄэػિֹףĎ୪ϵː༄྆ʟʙ̈ʟĎ ᐖཎӽʙӽĄэػિֹףĎ୪ϵː༄྆ʟʙ̈ʟĎ yXnggVi g`iyig`i. Zhìyú C`iyí ne, xiànzài ybjXng guòle yìtiVn le,
! !
ЂᐖཎЁϻʟĄӨݚᚊѱᐖཎϑϩЂཾ၇Ď ЂᐖཎЁϻʟĄӨݚᚊѱᐖཎϑϩЂཾ၇Ď
tV yXnggVi h`o duY le. Wc jiànyì nb yXnggVi xiVn xiàng tV dàoqiàn,
A24
Language in Use with Pinyin
! !
గЂ͞Ӱਝ௲ڟձᎲЁĎഓݣϔቜЂ͞ྫᆇď గЂ͞Ӱਝ௲ڟձᎲЁĎഓݣϔቜЂ͞ྫᆇď péi tV qù b` tuìhuò de shìqing bành`o, ránhòu zài qbng tV qù kàn ge diànybng,
! !
Ϭླ˧ᅄڟĄӨ๑Ђ˃౷ࢨቘѱʟĄ Ϭླ˧ᅄڟĄӨ๑Ђ˃౷ࢨቘѱʟĄ
chXdùn fàn shénme de. Wc xi`ng tV dàgài jiùhuì yuánliàng nb le.
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ЁڟĎӨϔ๑๑ĎᓂᓂѱݚڟᚊĄ ЁڟĎӨϔ๑๑ĎᓂᓂѱݚڟᚊĄ
Shb WénchVo:
H`ode, ràng wc zài xi`ngxiang, xièxie nbde jiànyì.
Ѥ઼ē! Ѥ઼ē!
˚ᓂ੨ĕঢѱЁོĕ ˚ᓂ੨ĕঢѱЁོĕ
Hé Shùnqiáng: Búyòng xiè la! Zhù nb h`oyùn!
Lesson 14
Please Accept My Apology
)ʟ઼ݚڟᚊ̾ݣĎ̜ය๑Έྫབྷ൝િףĎ͟ސʬ˚ཾڣ )ʟ઼ݚڟᚊ̾ݣĎ̜ය๑Έྫབྷ൝િףĎ͟ސʬ˚ཾڣ (TXng le Shùnqiáng de jiànyì ybhòu, WénchVo xi`ng d` diànhuà gai C`iyí, kashì yòu bù zhXdào
ݩᅄʿĄ͂๑ᅸʙ˅ྫාχ൝ЂĄࢤЁ͂ྫڟ༞ΰĎ ݩᅄʿĄ͂๑ᅸʙ˅ྫාχ൝ЂĄࢤЁ͂ྫڟ༞ΰĎ
zanme kVikcu. TVxi`ng xia yìfWng diànzb yóujiàn gai tV. GVngh`o tVde diànn`o xi`nshì,
િףʶΓϵʰႩֹĄ͂౷ጠʙĎӔଖЂϵႩʰ િףʶΓϵʰႩֹĄ͂౷ጠʙĎӔଖЂϵႩʰ
C`iyí ya zhèngzài shàngw`ng ne. TV jiù língjX yídòng, xXwàng néng gWn tV zài w`ngshàng
ம̈݉Ďુ֗ЂڟቘཌĄ̾ʮ࢈͂ސϵႩʰڟဇབྷĄ* ம̈݉Ďુ֗ЂڟቘཌĄ̾ʮ࢈͂ސϵႩʰڟဇབྷĄ*
liáotiVnshì tántan, dédào tVde liàngjia. Ybxià shì tVmen zài w`ngshàng de duìhuà.)
̜ͬයᅸཾē! ̜ͬයᅸཾē!
િףĎސӨĎ̜යĎѱᓙЁฝĔސҏᓙϵΡӨڟॉֹĔ િףĎސӨĎ̜යĎѱᓙЁฝĔސҏᓙϵΡӨڟॉֹĔ
Shb WénchVo xiadào: C`iyí, shì wc, WénchVo, nb háih`o ma? Shìfcu háizài shWng wcde qì ne?
)િףʙЩԠϱ* )િףʙЩԠϱ* (C`iyí dì yí cì méi huí)
Language in Use with Pinyin
̜ͬයʬᅸཾē! ̜ͬයʬᅸཾē!
A25
᎑๒ڟિףĎѱЁฝĔӨཾڣѱΓϵʰႩĄ ᎑๒ڟિףĎѱЁฝĔӨཾڣѱΓϵʰႩĄ
Shb WénchVo yòu xiadào: QXn’ài de C`iyí, nb h`o ma? Wc zhXdào nb zhèngzài shàngw`ng.
! !
! !
ʮۦʟĎʹۦڟେᗓେᗓϴʮൿĎфӨ̖ڟ ʮۦʟĎʹۦڟେᗓେᗓϴʮrĎфӨ̖ڟ Xiàyd le, wàimiàn de yd xXlìxXlì de xiàzhe, ér wcde xXn
ᆢᆢϴൿĄӨ˚ཾڣཎဇѱჳղ ᆢᆢϴrĄӨ˚ཾڣཎဇѱჳղ
pZtYngpZtYng de tiàozhe. Wc bùzhXdào gVi duìnb shuY xiW
! !
˧ᅄЁĎӨ๑ѱЁЁϴຜຜĄ ˧ᅄЁĎӨ๑ѱЁЁϴຜຜĄ
shénme h`o, wc xi`ng gWn nb h`oh`o de gYutYng gYutYng.
)ढ၎ൎ၎ൎϴ྆͞ʟĎિףᓙԠФϱ۬//////྆ʟФʙĎ )ढ၎ൎ၎ൎϴ྆͞ʟĎિףᓙԠФϱ۬//////྆ʟФʙĎ (ShíjiVn dXdVdXdV de guòqù le, C`iyí hái méiycu huíxìn . . . Guòle ycu yíhuèr,
િ˗ףӢ˚ўϱ۬ʟ//////* િ˗ףӢ˚ўϱ۬ʟ//////* C`iyí cái ran búzhù huíxìn le . . .)
િףē! િףē!
Өᓙϵฌֹ̖ĕӨ࢈˞Ё࿋Ԡ˧ᅄЁჳڟĎ Өᓙϵฌֹ̖ĕӨ࢈˞Ё࿋Ԡ˧ᅄЁჳڟĎ
C`iyí:
Wc háizài shVngxXn ne! Wcmen zhXjiVn h`oxiàng méi shénme h`oshuY de,
! !
ѱӨݞͶଖĄ ѱӨݞͶଖĄ
nb ràng wc han shXwàng.
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
િףĎސѱ੭ĕ፹ѱதػʿʟĄࢸĕ֏ဂĎӨʶ િףĎސѱ੭ĕ፹ѱதػʿʟĄࢸĕ֏ဂĎӨʶ
Shb WénchVo: C`iyí, shì nb a! ZhWn gVoxìng nb zhYngyú kVikcu le. Ài! Qíshí, wc ya
! !
˚๑ϻჳ˧ᅄĎͫ๑ϩѱཾ၇Ďჳᒐņဇ˚ਔĕ!Ň ˚๑ϻჳ˧ᅄĎͫ๑ϩѱཾ၇Ďჳᒐņဇ˚ਔĕ!Ň bùxi`ng duY shuY shénme, zhb xi`ng xiàng nb dàoqiàn, shuYshWng “Duìbuqb!”
! !
̈ޒސӨڟᎿĎސʙჲҢĕ ̈ޒސӨڟᎿĎސʙჲҢĕ ZuótiVn dYushì wcde cuò, shì yìch`ng wùhuì ya!
A26
Language in Use with Pinyin
િףē! િףē!
Ө୪ϵᓙݞސᘲ྆ĎΏվ˚ސ๑୩ѱڟĎѮސʟѱ Ө୪ϵᓙݞސᘲ྆ĎΏվ˚ސ๑୩ѱڟĎѮސʟѱ
C`iyí:
Wc xiànzài háishì han nánguò, banlái shì bùxi`ng lbnb de, dànshì kàn le nb
! !
ᅸڟབྷ̾ݣĎӨʬӢ˚ўࢶਔվʟĄ ᅸڟབྷ̾ݣĎӨʬӢ˚ўࢶਔվʟĄ
xia de huà ybhòu, wc yòu ranbuzhù kZ qblái le.
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ѱʙސסᚈુ˗קݞฌ̖ᘲ྆ڟĄѿࢶĎ ѱʙސסᚈુ˗קݞฌ̖ᘲ྆ڟĄѿࢶĎ
Shb WénchVo: Nb yídìng shì juéde han waiqZ cái huì shVngxXn nánguò de. Bié kZ,
! !
ѱୋԙԙڟᆺ˅Ďʙ͟ݞסᆕĄ ѱୋԙԙڟᆺ˅Ďʙ͟ݞסᆕĄ
nb lèiy`nwVngwVng de yàngzi, yídìng han kalián.
િףē! િףē!
̍վĎѱʙᔈ˚ϵ̽ʡࣜڟ๐֧ĕ ̍վĎѱʙᔈ˚ϵ̽ʡࣜڟ๐֧ĕ
C`iyí:
Sh`o lái, nb yìdi`r dYu bú zàihu rénjiV de g`nshòu!
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ဇ˚ਔĎӨဂϵཾڣ˚ސჳ˧ᅄЁĄӨ˚ᐖཎᎶ֗Ď ဇ˚ਔĎӨဂϵཾڣ˚ސჳ˧ᅄЁĄӨ˚ᐖཎᎶ֗Ď
Shb WénchVo: Duìbuqb, wc shízài shì bùzhXdào shuY shénme h`o. Wc bù yXnggVi chídào,
! !
ࣛѱեᅄʴĄӨݨݨДДϴ͎͞ĎӰ̙ጠ൝ӟϵ ࣛѱեᅄʴĄӨݨݨДДϴ͎͞ĎӰ̙ጠ൝ӟϵ
hài nb dang nàme jid. Wc jíjímángmáng de chZqù, b` shcujX gai wàngzài
! !
ࣜཇʟĄʰʬ֗ฬՙĎؚ̾ԠᎲٲڣѱĄ ࣜཇʟĄʰʬ֗ฬՙĎؚ̾ԠᎲٲڣѱĄ
jiVlb le. Lùshàng yòu pèngdào sVichW, sucyb méi bànf` tYngzhX nb.
! ! ! !
ഓݣՖڸʬ൝ᚌဆʟႴĄեढ̖कᑸڟĎ ഓݣՖڸʬ൝ᚌဆʟႴĄեढ̖कᑸڟĎ
Ránhòu zcu lùjiVn yòu gai jbngchá kVi le fádVn. Nàshíhou xXnqíng tbng zVo de,
Ӕଖѱ୩ཌĎ֧Өཾڟ၇Ą Ӕଖѱ୩ཌĎ֧Өཾڟ၇Ą
xXwàng nb néng lbjia, jiWshòu wcde dàoqiàn.
Language in Use with Pinyin
િףē! િףē!
Ө˚֗ѱྫڟབྷĎ̾ߏѱ͎ձʟĎۨલൿݨĄ Ө˚֗ѱྫڟབྷĎ̾ߏѱ͎ձʟĎۨલrݨĄ
C`iyí:
Wc dang búdào nbde diànhuà, ybwéi nb chZshì le, fWicháng zhVojí.
! !
ʡࣜސጊ̖ѱڟЊϠҢĕ ʡࣜސጊ̖ѱڟЊϠҢĕ
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
RénjiV shì dVnxXn nbde VnwWi ya!
ѱᅄჳӨދސ๐ʬ፹Ą ѱᅄჳӨދސ๐ʬ፹Ą
Shb WénchVo: TXng nb zhème shuY wc shì jì g`ndòng yòu gVoxìng.
! !
๐ސڟĎѱߏӨʟեᅄʴĎԠᖔĄ ๐ސڟĎѱߏӨʟեᅄʴĎԠᖔĄ
G`ndòng de shì, nb wèi wc dang le nàme jid, dYu méi líkVi.
! !
፹ސڟĎᚈુѱᓙݞސϵ̽Өోڟĕ ፹ސڟĎᚈુѱᓙݞސϵ̽Өోڟĕ GVoxìng de shì, juéde nb háishì han zàihu wc de Y!
િףē! િףē!
˚ፎѱჳĎьૃӨ࢈Ҟݣ̾ޜĎӨʶФʙᔈݣअĄ ˚ፎѱჳĎьૃӨ࢈Ҟݣ̾ޜĎӨʶФʙᔈݣअĄ
C`iyí:
Bùmán nb shuY, zìcóng wcmen ch`ojià ybhòu, wc ya ycu yìdi`r hòuhub.
! !
Ө˚ᐖཎԠੰ଼౷ᅒը੧੨ϴӰѱሪʟʙླĄ Ө˚ᐖཎԠੰ଼౷ᅒը੧੨ϴӰѱሪʟʙླĄ
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
Wc bù yXnggVi méi wèn qXngchd jiù pXli pVlV de b` nb mà le yídùn.
ѱሪӨސᐖཎڟĄӨࡌސОᔈ͎۞Ď ѱሪӨސᐖཎڟĄӨࡌސОᔈ͎۞Ď
Shb WénchVo: Nb mà wc shì yXnggVi de. Wc yàoshì z`odi`r chZmén,
! !
લລढʙᔈĎѱʶ˚Ρᅄ˃ڟॉĄ લລढʙᔈĎѱʶ˚Ρᅄ˃ڟॉĄ
píngcháng zhdnshí yìdi`r, nb ya búhuì shWng zhème dà de qì.
િףē! િףē!
ސ੭ĕӨᚈુकڟקĕѱڟт̩ॾࡌڟӽʙӽҢĕ ސ੭ĕӨᚈુकڟקĕѱڟт̩ॾࡌڟӽʙӽҢĕ
C`iyí:
Shì a! Wc juéde tbng waiqZ de! Nbde l`o máobìng zhWnde yào g`iyig`i ya!
A27
A28
Language in Use with Pinyin
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ӨʙסӽڟĄဇʟĎ̈قӨԠձĎӨగѱ͞ਝ௲Ď ӨʙסӽڟĄဇʟĎ̈قӨԠձĎӨగѱ͞ਝ௲Ď
Shb WénchVo: Wc yídìng huì g`i de. Duìle, míngtiVn wc méishì, wc péi nb qù tuìhuò,
! !
ݩᅄᆺĔ ݩᅄᆺĔ zanmeyàng?
િףē! િףē!
รĕЁҢĕಁᔈĔ รĕЁҢĕಁᔈĔ
C`iyí:
'n! H`oyV! Jbdi`n?
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
ʮ˿ʭᔈĎїฝĔ ʮ˿ʭᔈĎїฝĔ
Shb WénchVo: Xiàwd sVndi`n, xíng ma?
િףē! િףē!
ᐖཎ̾͟Ą ᐖཎ̾͟Ą
C`iyí:
YXnggVi kayb.
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
եѱސ֧Өཾڟ၇ʟĕᓂ̈ᓂϴĕਝʟ௲̾ݣĎ եѱސ֧Өཾڟ၇ʟĕᓂ̈ᓂϴĕਝʟ௲̾ݣĎ
Shb WénchVo: Nà nb shì jiWshòu wcde dàoqiàn le! XiètiVn xièdì! Tuìle huò ybhòu,
! !
Ө࢈͞ϬĎഓ͞ݣࡱᇅĎݩᅄᆺĔ Ө࢈͞ϬĎഓ͞ݣࡱᇅĎݩᅄᆺĔ wcmen qù chXfàn, ránhòu qù tXng yXnyuè huì, zanmeyàng?
િףē! િףē!
ʰ͞Ё࿋˚ݞᎿĎїĕჳЁʟĎ͟˚ϔᎶ֗ోĕ ʰ͞Ё࿋˚ݞᎿĎїĕჳЁʟĎ͟˚ϔᎶ֗ోĕ
C`iyí:
TXng shàngqù h`oxiàng han búcuò, xíng! ShuY h`ole, ka bùnéng zài chídào Y!
̜ͬයē! ̜ͬයē!
Ө۳ᘌĎӨʙסລढ֗ڟĄ̈قՎĕ Ө۳ᘌĎӨʙסລढ֗ڟĄ̈قՎĕ
Shb WénchVo: Wc b`ozhèng, wc yídìng huì zhdnshí dào de. MíngtiVn jiàn!
િףē! િףē!
̈قՎĕ ̈قՎĕ
C`iyí:
MíngtiVn jiàn!
Language in Use with Pinyin
Lesson 15
A29
Requesting a Favor
വχʡē!̜ͬය!! വχʡē!̜ͬය!!
Нχʡē!ᄉ! Нχʡē!ᄉ!
FVjiànrén: Shb WénchVo
ShYujiànrén: GVo XXnyu`n
̺ᖠēቜᐓӨඵႄળ! ̺ᖠēቜᐓӨඵႄળ!
വਚढē4/21 3:45 p.m. വਚढē4/21 3:45 p.m.
Zhdtí: Qbng bVng wc m`i cídài
FVsòng shíjiVn: 4/21
ᄉē ᄉē XXnyu`n:
ݞʴԠФѱᒒ൜ʟĎЁ˚࣠ؾ൝ѱᅸ۬ސܓФձࡌӲ ݞʴԠФѱᒒ൜ʟĎЁ˚࣠ؾ൝ѱᅸ۬ސܓФձࡌӲ Hanjid méiyou gWn nb liánluò le, h`o bùróngyì gai nb xiaxìn què shì ycushì yào zh`o
ѱᐓДĎ˚Ё๎ݦĄӨశ྄ۖ֗ʙχబຮձĎЃَ̾͟ڟབྷĎ ѱᐓДĎ˚Ё๎ݦĄӨశ྄ۖ֗ʙχబຮձĎЃَ̾͟ڟབྷĎ
nb bVngmáng, zhWn bùh`o yìsi. Wc zuìjìn yù dao yíjiàn máfan shì, rúguc kayb de huà,
˚ቜѱᐓДĔ ˚ቜѱᐓДĔ néngbunéng qbng nb bVngge máng?
ʰޑೈĎӨַ˄̄ىિߏףʟʙˉჲфҞޜʟĄ ʰޑೈĎӨַ˄̄ىિߏףʟʙˉჲфҞޜʟĄ
Shàngge xXngqX, wc hé njpéngyou C`iyí wèi le yíge xi`o wùhuì ér ch`ojià le.
Ө࢈ࢤࢤ˗ַЁĎ͟ސ୪ϵʬ͎ੰᖠʟĄ Ө࢈ࢤࢤ˗ַЁĎ͟ސ୪ϵʬ͎ੰᖠʟĄ
Wcmen gVnggVng cái héh`o, kashì xiànzài yòu chZ wèntí le.
ձڟ༄྆ސᆺڟēિףӰʙᇺņᎥ̴Ňڟႄળࢅ൝ӨĎ ձڟ༄྆ސᆺڟēિףӰʙᇺņᎥ̴Ňڟႄળࢅ൝ӨĎ Shìqíng de jXngguò shì zhèyàng de: C`iyí b` yìpán “MVowáng” de cídài jiè gai wc tXng,
ސЂశᜍڟʙᇺႄળʟĄ໋ЂӰႄળ൝ӨڟढĎᓙκ̈́ ސЂశᜍڟʙᇺႄળʟĄ໋ЂӰႄળ൝ӨڟढĎᓙκ̈́
zhè shì tV zuì xbhuVn de yìpán cídài le. DVng tV b` cídài gai wc de shíhou, hái jiVodài
Өʙ̖ˉࡌסĎӨʶϩЂ۳ᘌԠੰᖠĄ͟ސӨϵႄળڟढĎ Өʙ̖ˉࡌסĎӨʶϩЂ۳ᘌԠੰᖠĄ͟ސӨϵႄળڟढĎ
wc yídìng yào xi`oxXn, wc ya xiàng tV b`ozhèng méiwèntí. Kashì wc zài tXng cídài de shíhou,
A30
Language in Use with Pinyin
ӨڟтᏃࡱጠӰႄળൕʟĄ໋ӨݨݨДДϴ๑Ӱႄળૃ ӨڟтᏃࡱጠӰႄળൕʟĄ໋ӨݨݨДДϴ๑Ӱႄળૃ
wcde l`o lùyXnjX b` cídài ji`o le. DVng wc jíjímángmáng de xi`ng b` cídài cóng
Ꮓࡱጠཇऌ͎վڟढĎʬϰߏ̊ʨĎႄળ˚ѮԠФ֥͎վĎ Ꮓࡱጠཇऌ͎վڟढĎʬϰߏ̊ʨĎႄળ˚ѮԠФ֥͎վĎ lùyXnjX lbná chZlái de shíhou, yòu yXnwèi tài yònglì, cídài búdàn méiycu bèi qd chZlai,
̆фӨ൝ᖽʟĄӨ˚ಸӰχձҙටિףĎʙ๑֗Ђ ̆фӨ൝ᖽʟĄӨ˚ಸӰχձҙටિףĎʙ๑֗Ђ
f`n’ér rang wc gai lV huài le. Wc bùg`n b` zhèjiàn shì gàosu C`iyí, yì xi`ngdào tV
ୋԙԙڟᆺ˅ĎӨ౷˚ཾڣཎݩᅄᎲ˗ЁĄ ୋԙԙڟᆺ˅ĎӨ౷˚ཾڣཎݩᅄᎲ˗ЁĄ
lèiy`nwVngwVng de yàngzi, wc jiù bù zhXdào gVi zanmebàn cái h`o.
Ө๑ϔඵʙᇺϣᆺڟႄળᓙ൝ЂĎඵ֗ႄળ̾ݣϔ Ө๑ϔඵʙᇺϣᆺڟႄળᓙ൝ЂĎඵ֗ႄળ̾ݣϔ Wc xi`ng zài m`i yìpán tóngyàngde cídài huán gai tV, dang m`idào xXn cídài ybhòu zài
ӰχձҙටЂĎϩЂཾ၇ĄѮސ֍̈ӨӲ྇ʟӨڟ ӰχձҙටЂĎϩЂཾ၇ĄѮސ֍̈ӨӲ྇ʟӨڟ
b` zhèjiàn shì gàosu tV, xiàng tV dàoqiàn. Dànshì zhè li`ngtiVn wc zh`obiàn le wc zhèr de
੦Ď౷ސӲ˚֗ϣᆺڟႄળĎؚ̾Ө୪ϵͫЁԑѱᐓДʟĄ ੦Ď౷ސӲ˚֗ϣᆺڟႄળĎؚ̾Ө୪ϵͫЁԑѱᐓДʟĄ
shVngdiàn, jiùshi zh`obudào tóngyàngde cídài, sucyb wc xiànzài zhbh`o qiú nb bVngmáng le.
ѱ˚ᐓӨϵѱեڟ੦ӲӲĔӔଖӨඵ֗ ѱ˚ᐓӨϵѱեڟ੦ӲӲĔӔଖӨඵ֗ Nb néngbunéng bVng wò zài nbnàrde shVngdiàn zh`ozh`okàn? XXwàng wc néng m`idào
Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎ˚ഓિ˚ސףࢨቘӨڟҢĕ Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎ˚ഓિ˚ސףࢨቘӨڟҢĕ MVowáng de cídài, bùrán C`iyí shì búhuì yuánliàng wc de ya!
̊బຮѱʟĎᓂᓂĕ ̊బຮѱʟĎᓂᓂĕ Tài máfan nb le, xièxie!
! !
̜ය ̜ය WénchVo
A31
Language in Use with Pinyin
വχʡē!ᄉ!! വχʡē!ᄉ!!
Нχʡē!̜ͬය! Нχʡē!̜ͬය!
FVjiànrén: GVo XXnyu`n
ShYujiànrén: Shb WénchVo
̺ᖠēඵ֗ʟώႅ! ̺ᖠēඵ֗ʟώႅ!
വਚढē4/25 11:23 p.m. വਚढē4/25 11:23 p.m.
Zhdtí: M`idào le guVngdié
FVsòng shíjiVn: 4/25
̜යē ̜යē WénchVo:
˚ጊ̖ĎӨː༄ඵ֗ѱࡌٍڟљʟĄӨᓶഓӲ˚֗ ˚ጊ̖ĎӨː༄ඵ֗ѱࡌٍڟљʟĄӨᓶഓӲ˚֗
Búyòng dVnxXn, wc ybjXng m`idào nb yào de dYngxi le. Wc suXrán zh`obudào
Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎഓфܓඵ֗ʟϣᆺࡱڟᇅώႅĄ Ꭵ̴ڟႄળĎഓфܓඵ֗ʟϣᆺࡱڟᇅώႅĄ
MVowáng de cídài, rán’ér què m`i dào le tóngyàng de yXnyuè guVngdié.
ӨʙН֗ѱ˅ྫڟාχ౷ۣۖ͞ڟ੦ӲĄᓶഓᎥ̴ ӨʙН֗ѱ˅ྫڟාχ౷ۣۖ͞ڟ੦ӲĄᓶഓᎥ̴
Wc yì shYudào nbde diànzi yóujiàn jiù qù fùjìn de shVngdiàn zh`o. SuXrán MVowáng
ݞФϪĎѮސᎥ̴ڟ၈ː༄˚࿋̾܉եᅄїʟĎؚ̾Өʙڢ ݞФϪĎѮސᎥ̴ڟ၈ː༄˚࿋̾܉եᅄїʟĎؚ̾Өʙڢ han ycumíng, dànshì MVowáng de gW ybjXng búxiàng ybqián nàme liúxíng le, sucyb wc yìzhí
Ӳ˚֗ĄӨʰႩষĎᓙސӲ˚֗ĄశݣӨͫЁϵႩʰവʟ Ӳ˚֗ĄӨʰႩষĎᓙސӲ˚֗ĄశݣӨͫЁϵႩʰവʟ
zh`obudào. Wc shàngw`ng sYusuc, háishì zh`obudào. Zuìhòu wc zhbh`o zài w`ngshàng fV le
ԑᓊᎥ̴ႄળ˅׳ڟĄˬ̈ʮ˿ӨதػН֗ʟʙ˅ྫාχĎ ԑᓊᎥ̴ႄળ˅׳ڟĄˬ̈ʮ˿ӨதػН֗ʟʙ˅ྫාχĎ
qiúgòu MVowáng cídài de tiazi. JXntiVn xiàwd wc zhYngyú shYu dào le yìfWng diànzb yóujiàn,
ჳФᎥ̴ڟώႅĄӨ๑ώႅԁЁĎ౷ᐓѱӰͺඵʮվʟĄ ჳФᎥ̴ڟώႅĄӨ๑ώႅԁЁĎ౷ᐓѱӰͺඵʮվʟĄ
shuY ycu MVowáng de guVngdié. Wc xi`ng guVngdié gèng h`o, jiù bVng nb b` tV m`i xiàlái le.
ᒂ˞ĎձཌԚʟĄѱᐖཎݞӤ౷Н֗ώႅʟĄ ᒂ˞ĎձཌԚʟĄѱᐖཎݞӤ౷Н֗ώႅʟĄ
ZcngzhX, shìqing jiajué le. Nb yXnggVi han kuài jiù néng shYu dào guVngdié le.
! !
ᄉ ᄉ XXnyu`n
A32
Language in Use with Pinyin
Lesson 16 Visiting Teacher Xie )ތعʟĎ˃ደͲБقݚڟďࣇߡБʙᆺĎ )ތعʟĎ˃ደͲБقݚڟďࣇߡБʙᆺĎ (Fàng chZnjià le, dàxué sì niánjí de ZhVng Jiànmíng, Xià Líng gWn w`ngnián yíyàng,
֗ᓂтࣱࣜݶĄقݚʶරጠĎӰ˄̄ىҔˉᙋ ֗ᓂтࣱࣜݶĄقݚʶරጠĎӰ˄̄ىҔˉᙋ
dào Xiè L`oshX jiV bàif`ng. ZhVng Jiànmíng ya chèn zhège jXhuì, b` njpéngyou Wú Xi`olì
ળ྆վჯᘋჯᘋᓂтࣱĄ* ળ྆վჯᘋჯᘋᓂтࣱĄ*
dài guòlái rènshi rènshi Xiè L`oshX.)
ņ ) ͣዝŇĎ۞ྛᛪʟĄᓂтࣱ͞۞Ą* ņ ) ͣዝŇĎ۞ྛᛪʟĄᓂтࣱ͞۞Ą*
(“DXngdVng”, mén líng xi`ng le. Xiè L`oshX qù kVi mén.)
قݚďࣇߡē!! قݚďࣇߡē!!
тࣱĎૌЁĕЁʴ˚ՎĎӨ࢈྆վૌʟĕ тࣱĎૌЁĕЁʴ˚ՎĎӨ࢈྆վૌʟĕ
ZhVng Jiànmíng, Xià Líng: L`oshX, nính`o! H`ojidbújiàn, wcmen guòlái kàn nín le!
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
ోĕѱ࢈վʟĎ̊ЁʟĎվĎվĎӤቜĄ ోĕѱ࢈վʟĎ̊ЁʟĎվĎվĎӤቜĄ
Xiè L`oshX:
)! Nbmen dYu lái le, tài h`o le, lái, lái, kuài qbngjìn.
قݚē! قݚē!
ˉᙋĎѝ౷ސӨલѱಪਔڟᓂтࣱĄ ˉᙋĎѝ౷ސӨલѱಪਔڟᓂтࣱĄ
ZhVng Jiànmíng: Xi`olì, zhèwèi jiùshì wc cháng gWn nb tíqb de Xiè L`oshX.
! !
тࣱĎސӨˉ̄ى˄ڟᙋĄ тࣱĎސӨˉ̄ى˄ڟᙋĄ
Ҕˉᙋē! Ҕˉᙋē!
ᓂтࣱĎૌЁĎݞ፹ჯᘋૌĄقݚтჳൿૌֹĎ ᓂтࣱĎૌЁĎݞ፹ჯᘋૌĄقݚтჳrૌֹĎ
L`oshX, zhèshì wcde njpéngyou Xi`olì.
Wú Xi`olì:
Xiè L`oshX, nính`o, han gVoxìng rènshi nín. Jiànmíng l`o shuY zhe nín ne,
! !
ჳૌ͂ސశЁڟтࣱĄૌڟደΡԠФ˚ᜍૌڟĄ ჳૌ͂ސశЁڟтࣱĄૌڟደΡԠФ˚ᜍૌڟĄ
shuY nín shì tV zuì h`o de l`oshX. Nínde xuésheng méiyou bù xbhuVn nín de.
Language in Use with Pinyin
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
ԠФ੨ĕ͂࢈ސЁደΡĎދ͒ʬʰĄ ԠФ੨ĕ͂࢈ސЁደΡĎދ͒ʬʰĄ
Xiè L`oshX:
Méiyou la! TVmen dYu shì h`o xuésheng, jì yònggYng yòu shàngjìn.
! !
Ө͂࢈ુݞФЙ౷๐ֹĄ Ө͂࢈ુݞФЙ౷๐ֹĄ
قݚē! قݚē!
тࣱૌʟӨ࢈ݞϻٍљĎ֏˛ᓙ͓ނ тࣱૌʟӨ࢈ݞϻٍљĎ֏˛ᓙ͓ނ
Wc jiVo tVmen jiVo de han ycu chéngjiùg`n ne.
ZhVng Jiànmíng: L`oshX nín jiVo le wcmen han duY dYngxi, qízhYng hái bVokuò
! !
ݟʡ̶ཾڟ୩Ďղٍљ͟ᙘපҢĕ ݟʡ̶ཾڟ୩Ďղٍљ͟ᙘපҢĕ dàirénchdshì de dàolb, zhèxiW dYngxi ka zhWn b`oguì ya!
ࣇߡē! ࣇߡē!
ސҢĕӨ࢈т๑ൿૌĎ˚႓ݩᅄДĎ ސҢĕӨ࢈т๑rૌĎ˚႓ݩᅄДĎ
Xià Líng:
Shìya! Wcmen l`o xi`ng zhe nín, bùgu`n zanme máng,
! !
Ө࢈ۨ྆վૌ˚͟Ą Ө࢈ۨ྆վૌ˚͟Ą
wcmen fWi guòlái kàn nín bùka.
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
ѱ࢈ղ݆˅࢈ݞᐗձĎݞސФ̖ڟĎ ѱ࢈ղ݆˅࢈ݞᐗձĎݞސФ̖ڟĎ
Xiè L`oshX:
Nbmen zhèxiW háizimen dYu han dcngshì, shì han ycuxXn de,
! !
ԐБ˚ӟ྆վӨĎ˚˚Ө๐Ą ԐБ˚ӟ྆վӨĎ˚˚Ө๐Ą
mai nián dYu bú wàng guòlái kàn wc, bùnéngbú ràng wc g`ndòng.
! !
վĎ˃ࣜቜҲĎѿ݊ॉĄ౷Ӱ໋ЙьˏࣜڟґĄ վĎ˃ࣜቜҲĎѿ݊ॉĄ౷Ӱ໋ЙьˏࣜڟґĄ
قݚē! قݚē!
тࣱĎჳૌقБ౷ࡌਝτʟĄਝτ̾ݣĎ тࣱĎჳૌقБ౷ࡌਝτʟĄਝτ̾ݣĎ
Lái, dàjiV qbng zuò, biékèqi. Jiù b` zhèr dàng chéng zìjb de jiV ba.
ZhVng Jiànmíng: L`oshX, tXngshYu nín míngnián jiùyào tuìxiZ le. TuìxiZ ybhòu,
! !
Έ႗ੈ˧ᅄֹĔ Έ႗ੈ˧ᅄֹĔ d`suàn zuò shénme ne?
A33
A34
Language in Use with Pinyin
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
Өݞސೈݟਝτ̾ڟ˅̠ڟݣĄӨ๑ϻᅸᅸपٲĎ Өݞސೈݟਝτ̾ڟ˅̠ڟݣĄӨ๑ϻᅸᅸपٲĎ
Xiè L`oshX:
Wc shì han qXdài tuìxiZ ybhòu de rìzi de. Wc xi`ng duY xiaxie shZf`,
! !
ϻደደĄ ϻደደĄ
duY xuéxí xuéxí.
ࣇߡē! ࣇߡē!
ӨુૌݞᜍᅸपٲĎԐ໋ૌऌൿ̩ോᅸपٲ ӨુૌݞᜍᅸपٲĎԐ໋ૌऌr̩ോᅸपٲ
Xià Líng:
Wc jì dé nín han xbhuVn xia shZf`, mai dVng ní ná zhe máobb xia shZf`
! !
ڟढĎ౷ۨલટ̖ĄФढટ̖ુ ڟढĎ౷ۨલટ̖ĄФढટ̖ુ
de shíhou, jiù fWicháng zhuVnxXn. Ycushíhòu zhuVnxXn de lián fàn dYu
! !
ӟʟϬĎʡփوĄ ӟʟϬĎʡփوĄ
wàng le chX, zhWn ràng rén pèifú.
Ҕˉᙋē! Ҕˉᙋē!
тࣱૌː༄ݞФደੰʟĎߏ˧ᅄᓙࡌደֹĔ тࣱૌː༄ݞФደੰʟĎߏ˧ᅄᓙࡌደֹĔ
Wú Xi`olì:
L`oshX nín ybjXng han ycu xuéwèn le, wèishénme háiyào xuéxí ne?
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
֗߀ސтደ֗тĕѱ࢈ࡌўĎ໋Ө࢈ደુ ֗߀ސтደ֗тĕѱ࢈ࡌўĎ໋Ө࢈ደુ
Xiè L`oshX:
Shì huó dào l`o xué dào l`o! Nbmen yào jìzhu, dVng wcmen xuéde
! !
ඹϻڟढĎ౷ඹᚈુьˏᐗڟဂϵ̊̍ʟĄ ඹϻڟढĎ౷ඹᚈુьˏᐗڟဂϵ̊̍ʟĄ
yuè duY de shíhou, jiù huì yuè juéde zìjb dcng de shízài tài sh`o le.
! !
Өᓶഓʠʪϻຑ౷זपĎ֗୪ϵː༄໋ʟ Өᓶഓʠʪϻຑ౷זपĎ֗୪ϵː༄໋ʟ
! !
ʭʪಁБڟтࣱʟĎѮސӨʶݞᜍ໋ደΡĎ ʭʪಁБڟтࣱʟĎѮސӨʶݞᜍ໋ደΡĎ
Wc suXrán èrshí duYsuì jiù kVishb jiVoshZ, dào xiànzài ybjXng dVng le
sVnshí jb nián de l`oshXle, dànshì wc ya han xbhuVn dVng xuésheng,
! !
̾͟ϻደďϻڣᘋĄ ̾͟ϻደďϻڣᘋĄ
kayb duY xuéxí, duY zh`ng zhXshi.
Language in Use with Pinyin
قݚē! قݚē!
A35
Ө࢈͟ࡌЁЁϴϩૌᅆҢĕဇʟĎࣇߡʶΈ႗ Ө࢈͟ࡌЁЁϴϩૌᅆҢĕဇʟĎࣇߡʶΈ႗
ZhVng Jiànmíng: Wcmen ka yào h`oh`ode xiàng nín kànqí ya! Duìle, Xià Líng ya d`suàn
! !
ʰࠂՀΡᙷᛉደֹĕ ʰࠂՀΡᙷᛉደֹĕ shàng yánjiZshWngyuàn jìxù xuéxí ne!
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
ސฝĔࣇߡĎѱࡌʰ˧ᅄࠂՀΡĔ ސฝĔࣇߡĎѱࡌʰ˧ᅄࠂՀΡĔ
Xiè L`oshX:
Shìma? Xià Líng, nb yào shàng shénme yánjiZshWngyuàn?
ࣇߡē! ࣇߡē!
Өࡌ͞༄ᐼደႈˁĎႈˁ̾ݣӨᓙࡌϔᙷᛉደĎ Өࡌ͞༄ᐼደႈˁĎႈˁ̾ݣӨᓙࡌϔᙷᛉደĎ
Xià Líng:
Wc yào qù dú jXngjìxué shuòshì, shuòshì ybhòu wc hái yào zài jìxù xuéxí,
! !
Ӕଖ̾ݣ໋༄ᐼደĄ Ӕଖ̾ݣ໋༄ᐼደĄ
xXwàng ybhòu néng dVng ge jXngjìxué jiàoshòu.
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
˚ᎿĎઠվʙ܉ސסఊഒුĄ ˚ᎿĎઠվʙ܉ސסఊഒුĄ
Xiè L`oshX:
Búcuò, jiVnglái yídìng shì qiántúwúliàng.
ࣇߡē! ࣇߡē!
ૌ྆ᇩʟĄဇʟĎقݚჳ୳ݣĎࡌьˏ˴ֹͧĕ ૌ྆ᇩʟĄဇʟĎقݚჳ୳ݣĎࡌьˏ˴ֹͧĕ
Xià Líng:
Nín guòji`ng le. Duìle, Jiànmíng shuY bìyè hòu, yào zìjb kVi gYngsX ne!
! !
قݚĎѱվᒿᒿѱࡎڟഫґĄ قݚĎѱվᒿᒿѱࡎڟ࿒ґĄ
Jiànmíng, nb lái ji`ngji`ng nbde jìhuà ba.
قݚē! قݚē!
ЁڟĄтࣱૌڟཾڣސĎӨԐБೂ͞ ЁڟĄтࣱૌڟཾڣސĎӨԐБೂ͞
ZhVng Jiànmíng: H`ode. L`oshX nín shì zhXdào de, wc mainián shdjià dYu qù
! !
ྫ༞˴ͧဂĎϵեደʟ˚̍ڣᘋַ༄Ą ྫ༞˴ͧဂĎϵեደʟ˚̍ڣᘋַ༄Ą
diànn`o gYngsX shíxí, zài nàr xué le bùsh`o zhXshi hé jXngyàn.
! !
ϰЪ୳̾ݣĎӨ๑ӰӨؚደڟĎЁЁϴᐖʙʮĄ ϰЪ୳̾ݣĎӨ๑ӰӨؚደڟĎЁЁϴᐖʙʮĄ
YXncb bìyè ybhòu, wc xi`ng b` wc sucxuéde, h`oh`o de yìngyòng yíxià.
A36
Language in Use with Pinyin
! !
Ө๑ྫ༞Ⴉ൜˴ͧĎ൝ьˏʙጠĎፑማፑማĄ Ө๑ྫ༞Ⴉ൜˴ͧĎ൝ьˏʙጠĎፑማፑማĄ
Wc xi`ng kVi ge diànn`o w`ngluò gYngsX, gai zìjb yíge jXhuì, móliàn móliàn.
Ҕˉᙋē! Ҕˉᙋē!
͂ᓙʮסԚ̖Ďۨࡌϵʭʪຑ͎̾ੈ܉ʙബձ˚͟Ą ͂ᓙʮסԚ̖Ďۨࡌϵʭʪຑ͎̾ੈ܉ʙബձ˚͟Ą
Wú Xi`olì:
TV hái xiàdìngjuéxXn, fWiyào zài sVnshísuì ybqián zuò chZ yìfVn shìyè bùka.
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
ݞЁĎѱ࢈ސБᄆФߏĎঢѱ࢈Й͒ĕ ݞЁĎѱ࢈ސБᄆФߏĎঢѱ࢈Й͒ĕ
Xiè L`oshX:
Han h`o, nbmen dYu shì niánqXngycuwéi, zhù nbmen chénggYng!
! !
Ө̾ѱ࢈ߏးڟĎЁЁ͑ٶĄဇʟĎˉᙋֹĎ Ө̾ѱ࢈ߏးڟĎЁЁ͑ٶĄဇʟĎˉᙋֹĎ
Wc huì yb nbmen wéi róng de, h`oh`o jiVyóu. Duìle, Xi`olì ne,
! !
ѱʶˬސБ୳ฝĔ ѱʶˬސБ୳ฝĔ nb ya shì jXnnián bìyè ma?
Ҕˉᙋē! Ҕˉᙋē!
˚Ď͂࢈ࡌ୳ʟĎͫФӨˬБᓙ˚୳Ą ˚Ď͂࢈ࡌ୳ʟĎͫФӨˬБᓙ˚୳Ą
Wú Xi`olì:
Bù, tVmen dYuyào bìyè le, zhbycu wc jXnnián hái bùnéng bìyè.
! !
ӨސደᖂڟĎӨ࢈ደᖂુۨڟደ˲Б˚͟ĕ ӨސደᖂڟĎӨ࢈ደᖂુۨڟደ˲Б˚͟ĕ Wc shì xuéyXde, wcmen xuéyXde fWi dai xué liùnián bùka!
)ᓂтַࣱደΡ࢈ᙷᛉம̈Ą֍ˉढ̾ݣĎደΡ࢈ࡌՖʟĄ* )ᓂтַࣱደΡ࢈ᙷᛉம̈Ą֍ˉढ̾ݣĎደΡ࢈ࡌՖʟĄ*
(Xiè L`oshX hé xuéshengmen jìxù liáotiVn. Li`ngge xi`oshí ybhòu, xuéshengmen yào zcu le.)
)قݚʟढ*ē!! )قݚʟढ*ē!!
ోĕढ˚ОʟĎӨ࢈Έᔙૌ̊ʴʟĎ ోĕढ˚ОʟĎӨ࢈Έᔙૌ̊ʴʟĎ
ZhVng Jiànmíng (kànlekàn shíjiVn): )! ShíjiVn bù z`o le, wcmen d`r`o nín tài jid le,
! !
! !
ཎՖʟĄ ཎՖʟĄ gVizcu le.
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē! Xiè L`oshX:
ᓙОֹĕԠᘰ۽ĎϔݟʙґĄ ᓙОֹĕԠᘰ۽ĎϔݟʙґĄ
Háiz`o ne! MéiguVnxi, zài dVi yíhuèr ba.
Language in Use with Pinyin
ࣇߡē! ࣇߡē!
A37
˚ʟĎтࣱĎӨ࢈ސڟཎՖʟĄʮЩФڪϔվૌĄ ˚ʟĎтࣱĎӨ࢈ސڟཎՖʟĄʮЩФڪϔվૌĄ
Xià Líng:
Bùle, L`oshX, wcmen shì zhWnde gVi zcu le. Xiàcì ycukòng zài lái kàn nín.
ᓂтࣱē! ᓂтࣱē!
եĎЁґĕݞ፹ѱ࢈վӨĄቜယՖĕ եĎЁґĕݞ፹ѱ࢈վӨĄቜယՖĕ
Xiè L`oshX:
Nà, h`o ba! Han gVoxìng nbmen lái kàn wc. Qbng màn zcu!
Ҕˉᙋē! Ҕˉᙋē!
ૌϻ۳ࡧĎቜॼԏĄϔՎĕ ૌϻ۳ࡧĎቜॼԏĄϔՎĕ
Wú Xi`olì:
Nín duY b`ozhòng, qbngliúbù. Zàijiàn!
Lesson 17
Let Me Help You Apply for an Internship
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē!
̈ޒደमڟ౷˛̖ФʙᒿࣴĎ˭ʟЃѤᅸ ̈ޒደमڟ౷˛̖ФʙᒿࣴĎ˭ʟЃѤᅸ
Shb Rúybng:
ZuótiVn xuéxiào de jiùyè zhYngxXn ycu yíge ji`ngzuò, jièshào le rúhé xia
! !
ᕏጣĎЃѤΧቜˎѰࠂڱؖՀΡĎݞФᐓ҅Ą ᕏጣĎЃѤΧቜˎѰࠂڱؖՀΡĎݞФᐓ҅Ą
ji`nlì, rúhé shWnqbng gYngzuò huòzha yánjiZshWngyuàn, han ycu bVngzhù.
ർҁē! ർҁē!
վĎჳჳĎᕏጣཎݩᅄᅸĔˬБೂӨ๑Χቜ͞ վĎჳჳĎᕏጣཎݩᅄᅸĔˬБೂӨ๑Χቜ͞
ZhVng Huálì: Lái, shuYshuokàn, ji`nlì gVi zanme xia? JXnnián shdjià wc xi`ng shWnqbng qù
! !
˴ͧဂĄ ˴ͧဂĄ
gYngsX shíxí.
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē!
ѱ˚͞ސБΧቜʟฝĔ ѱ˚͞ސБΧቜʟฝĔ
Shb Rúybng:
Nb búshì qùnián shWnqbng le ma?
ർҁē! ർҁē!
ࢺ੭Ĕѱᘲཾӟʟ͞БӨԠФ͞ЙฝĔ ࢺ੭Ĕѱᘲཾӟʟ͞БӨԠФ͞ЙฝĔ
ZhVng, Huálì: N`r V? Nb nándào wàngjìle qùnián wc méiycu qùchéng ma?
! !
౷ސϰߏӨԠФӰᕏጣᅸЁĄ ౷ސϰߏӨԠФӰᕏጣᅸЁĄ
Jiùshì yXnwèi wc méiyou b` ji`nlì xia h`o.
A38
Language in Use with Pinyin
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē!
֏ဂᅸᕏጣ˚ቒᖕĄࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼ьˏ๑Χቜ ֏ဂᅸᕏጣ˚ቒᖕĄࡶϑĎѱࡌ଼ьˏ๑Χቜ
Shb Rúybng:
Qíshí xia ji`nlì bú fùzá. ShcuxiVn, nb yào qXngchd zìjb xi`ng shWnqbng
! !
˧ᅄؒቴˎڟѰĄഓݣĎळጃ˚ϣˎڟѰࡌԑ ˧ᅄؒቴˎڟѰĄഓݣĎळጃ˚ϣˎڟѰࡌԑ
shénme xìngzhì de gYngzuò. Ránhòu, gWnjù bùtóng de gYngzuò yVoqiú
! !
ቡጌьˏڟᕏጣĄ ቡጌьˏڟᕏጣĄ
tiáozhang zìjb de ji`nlì.
ർҁē! ർҁē!
ե౷ސჳΧቜˎڟѰ˚ϣĎᕏጣڟᅸٲʶࡌ˚ϣĎ ե౷ސჳΧቜˎڟѰ˚ϣĎᕏጣڟᅸٲʶࡌ˚ϣĎ
ZhVng Huálì: Nà jiùshi shuY shWnqbng de gYngzuò bùtóng, ji`nlì de xiaf` yayào bùtóng,
! !
ސฝĔ ސฝĔ shìma?
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē!
ΓސЃЪĄᅸᕏጣʙࡧ͎ࠏࡌסᔈĄѱ͞Б˚ސ ΓސЃЪĄᅸᕏጣʙࡧ͎ࠏࡌסᔈĄѱ͞Б˚ސ
Shb Rúybng:
Zhèng shì rúcb. Xia ji`nlì yídìng yào tZchZ zhòngdi`n. Nb qùnián búshì
! !
ᆺᅸڟฝĔ ᆺᅸڟฝĔ zhèyàng xia de ma?
ർҁē! ർҁē!
ԠФĕ؏˚ુ͞БӨآ൘ʟĕӨʙ̀̀ࡌסϴӰᕏጣ ԠФĕ؏˚ુ͞БӨآ൘ʟĕӨʙ̀̀ࡌסϴӰᕏጣ
ZhVng Huálì: Méiyou! Guàibudé qùnián wc bèi jùjué le! Wc yídìng yào zbzbxìxì de b` ji`nlì
! !
ӽʙʮĄဇʟĎѱ˚ˬސБࣇ̈ʶΈ႗͞ဂڟฝĔ ӽʙʮĄဇʟĎѱ˚ˬސБࣇ̈ʶΈ႗͞ဂڟฝĔ
xiZg`i yíxià. Duìle, nb búshì jXnnián xiàtiVn ya d`suàn qù shíxí de ma?
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē! Shb Rúybng:
ڟސĎ͟ސӨᓙ˚ࢺཾڣղ˴ͧϵأ༒Ą ڟސĎ͟ސӨᓙ˚ࢺཾڣղ˴ͧϵأ༒Ą
Shìde, kashì wc hái bù zhXdào n`xiW gYngsX zài zhVopìn.
Language in Use with Pinyin
ർҁē! ർҁē!
A39
ႩʰФݞϻ۬ऀĎѱ˚ཾڣฝĔӨˬଏ౷൝ѱവʙղ ႩʰФݞϻ۬ऀĎѱ˚ཾڣฝĔӨˬଏ౷൝ѱവʙղ
ZhVng Huálì: W`ngshàng ycu handuY xìnxX, nb bù zhXdào ma? Wc jXnw`n jiù gai nb fV yìxiW
! !
྆͞ĄࢸĎᘲཾ࢈͂̈ޒԠФ൝ѱ࢈˭ႩমฝĔ ྆͞ĄࢸĎᘲཾ࢈͂̈ޒԠФ൝ѱ࢈˭ႩমฝĔ
guòqù. Ài, nándào zuótiVn tVmen méiyou gai nbmen jièshào w`ngzhàn ma?
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē!
˭ʟĄ͂࢈ჳӨ࢈̾͟ڢૃႩʰʮཷΧቜ ˭ʟĄ͂࢈ჳӨ࢈̾͟ڢૃႩʰʮཷΧቜ
Shb Rúybng:
Jièshào le. TVmen shuY wcmen kayb zhíjiW cóng w`ngshàng xiàz`i shWnqbng
! !
ےिĎาЁ̾ݣӰےिચ͎͞Ďʶ̾͟౷ϵႩʰาے ےिĎาЁ̾ݣӰےिચ͎͞Ďʶ̾͟౷ϵႩʰาے bi`ogé, tián h`o ybhòu b` bi`ogé jì chZqù, ya kayi jiù zài w`ngshàng tiánbi`o
! !
ΧቜĄ ΧቜĄ
shWnqbng.
ർҁē! ർҁē!
ဇĎӨ౷ސϵႩʰΧቜڟĄ ဇĎӨ౷ސϵႩʰΧቜڟĄ
ZhVng Huálì: Duì, wc jiùshì zài w`ngshàng shWnqbng de.
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē!
ʮʙԏӨᓙᄯࡌಁ૰ᕨ۬Ą ʮʙԏӨᓙᄯࡌಁ૰ᕨ۬Ą
Shb Rúybng:
Xiàyibù wc hái xZyào jbfWng tuXjiànxìn.
ർҁē! ർҁē!
ѱᓙԠФӲ྆ฝĔࣼؐࡌᄂӤʟĎ ѱᓙԠФӲ྆ฝĔࣼؐࡌᄂӤʟĎ
ZhVng Huálì: Nb hái méiyou zh`o jiàoshòu tán guo ma? Kcngpà yào g`nkuài le,
! !
࢈ڟढސФࡩڟĄ ࢈ڟढސФࡩڟĄ
jiàoshòumen de shíjiVn shì ycuxiàn de.
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē!
Өː༄уᆌЁʟĎລరЊʙʮĎ྆ಁ̈౷͞Ӳʙղ Өː༄уᆌЁʟĎລరЊʙʮĎ྆ಁ̈౷͞Ӳʙղ
Shb Rúybng:
Wc ybjXng k`oll h`o le, zhdnbèi Vnpái yíxiàr, guò jbtiVn jiù qù zh`o yìxiW
! !
ʙĄӔଖ͂࢈ϣ๎ߏӨᅸ૰ᕨ۬Ą ʙĄӔଖ͂࢈ϣ๎ߏӨᅸ૰ᕨ۬Ą
jiàoshòu tányitán. XXwàng tVmen néng tóngyì wèi wc xia tuXjiànxìn.
A40
Language in Use with Pinyin
ർҁē! ർҁē!
Өߺ۬͂࢈ʙסݞᇅ๎ᐓѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬ڟĄ Өߺ۬͂࢈ʙסݞᇅ๎ᐓѱᅸ૰ᕨ۬ڟĄ
ZhVng Huálì: Wc xiVngxìn tVmen yídìng huì han lèyì bVng nb xia tuXjiànxìn de.
! !
ͬЃᆇē! ͬЃᆇē!
ѱեᅄᒑقďๆĎନχեᅄЁĄ˚ጊ̖Ą ѱեᅄᒑقďๆĎନχեᅄЁĄ˚ጊ̖Ą
Nb nàme cYngmíng, nénggàn, tiáojiàn nàme h`o. Búyòng dVnxXn.
ѮᘹЃЪĄ ѮᘹЃЪĄ
Shb Rúybng:
Dànyuàn rúcb.
Lesson 18
“Why Are You Interested in This Job?”
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
̜ˉהĎѱЁĄݞ፹ѱဇӨ࢈˴ͧ๐፹ቸĄ ̜ˉהĎѱЁĄݞ፹ѱဇӨ࢈˴ͧ๐፹ቸĄ
Chén Zhdrèn: Wén xi`ojia, nb h`o. Han gVoxìng nb duì wcmen gYngsX g`n xìngqù.
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
ૌЁĎఙ̺ψĄᓂᓂૌ൝ӨጠĄ ૌЁĎఙ̺ψĄᓂᓂૌ൝ӨጠĄ
Wén Rúhuá:
Nín h`o, Chén Zhdrèn. Xièxie nín gai wc zhège jXhuì.
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
ӨʟѱڟᕏጣĎѱФᖖደѝĎྫ˅੦ਜ਼ַࡎ႗ጠ ӨʟѱڟᕏጣĎѱФᖖደѝĎྫ˅੦ਜ਼ַࡎ႗ጠ
Chén Zhdrèn: Wc kànle nb de ji`nlì, nb ycu shuVng xuéwèi, diànzb shVngwù hé jìsuànjX
! !
ࠋደĎˬБ୳ĎސฝĔ ࠋደĎˬБ୳ĎސฝĔ kWxué, jXnnián bìyè, shìma?
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
ڟސĄӨˬБˤ̢ϋ୳ĎᓙФ࣯˚ϻʙ̢;͡Ą ڟސĄӨˬБˤ̢ϋ୳ĎᓙФ࣯˚ϻʙ̢;͡Ą
Wén Rúhuá:
Shìde. Wc jXnnián wd yuèfèn bìyè, háiycu chàbuduY yíge yuè zucyòu.
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
ѱߏ˧ᅄဇ੦ደ๐፹ቸֹĔ ѱߏ˧ᅄဇ੦ደ๐፹ቸֹĔ
Chén Zhdrèn: Nb wèishénme duì shVngxué g`n xìngqù ne?
Language in Use with Pinyin
A41
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
ϰߏӨૃސڍڍ੦ڟĎ֧ڟڍڍᆇᛪĎؚ̾Өૃ ϰߏӨૃސڍڍ੦ڟĎ֧ڟڍڍᆇᛪĎؚ̾Өૃ
Wén Rúhuá:
YXnwèi wc bàba shì cóngshVng de, shòu bàba de ybngxi`ng, sucyi wc cóng
! !
ˉ౷ဇ੦๐፹ቸĄ ˉ౷ဇ੦๐፹ቸĄ
xi`o jiù duì shVngyè g`n xìngqù.
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
˚ჳʙჳѱߏ˧ᅄ๑վӨ࢈˴ͧˎѰĔ ˚ჳʙჳѱߏ˧ᅄ๑վӨ࢈˴ͧˎѰĔ
Chén Zhdrèn: Néngbunéng shuYyishuY nb wèishénme xi`ng lái wcmen gYngsX gYngzuò?
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
Өޥʟʙʮѱ࢈˴ͧڟႩমĎʟཌ֗ѱ࢈ސ Өޥʟʙʮѱ࢈˴ͧڟႩমĎʟཌ֗ѱ࢈ސ
Wén Rúhuá:
Wc chále yíxià nbmen gYngsX de w`ngzhàn, li`ojiadào nbmen shì
! !
ʙࣜྫ༞ܘཚ˴ͧĄѱ࢈˚Ѯьˏവ௺χӬĎ ʙࣜྫ༞ܘཚ˴ͧĄѱ࢈˚Ѯьˏവ௺χӬĎ
yìjiVdiànn`o zXxún gYngsX. Nbmen búdàn zìjb kVifV ru`njiàn jìshù,
! !
ф̸ᓙಪռ˃ුܘڟཚوਜ਼Ą ф̸ᓙಪռ˃ුܘڟཚوਜ਼Ą
érqia hái tígYng dàliàng de zXxún fúwù.
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
ڟސĄӨ࢈˴ͧዑ႓ͫФ˲БڟጣͬĎ͟ސവࣤુ ڟސĄӨ࢈˴ͧዑ႓ͫФ˲БڟጣͬĎ͟ސവࣤુ
Chén Zhdrèn: Shìde. Wcmen gYngsX jbngu`n zhbycu liùnián de lìshb, kashì fVzh`n de
! !
ݞӤĄ୪ϵ˴ͧˎࢷڟФʭл;͡Ą ݞӤĄ୪ϵ˴ͧˎࢷڟФʭл;͡Ą
hankuài. Xiànzài gYngsX de yuángYng ycu sVnb`ige zucyòu.
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
ჳѱ࢈ސʰͿ˴ͧĎސฝĔ ჳѱ࢈ސʰͿ˴ͧĎސฝĔ
Wén Rúhuá:
TXngshuY nbmen shì shàngshì gYngsX, shìma?
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
ʙᔈʶԠᎿĄӨ࢈ᓶഓ͞ББ˗ۑזʰͿĎ˚྆ ʙᔈʶԠᎿĄӨ࢈ᓶഓ͞ББ˗ۑזʰͿĎ˚྆
Chén Zhdrèn: Yìdi`r ya méicuò. Wcmen suXrán qùnián niánchZ cái kVishb shàngshì, búguò
! !
ਜ਼ࣤુݞЁĄဇʟĎ˚ѱьˏڟٷĔ ਜ਼ࣤુݞЁĄဇʟĎ˚ѱьˏڟٷĔ
yèwù kVizh`n de han h`o. Duìle, néngbunéng tántan nb zìjb de qíngkuàng?
A42
Language in Use with Pinyin
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
ЁڟĄӨ˛ސർ˃ደڟደΡĎਸ਼ʟ੦ደַ ЁڟĄӨ˛ސർ˃ደڟደΡĎਸ਼ʟ੦ደַ
Wén Rúhuá:
H`ode. Wc shì ZhYnghuá Dàxué de xuésheng, chúle shVngxué hé
! !
ࡎ႗ጠ֍̺ટ̾ʹĎӨᓙФʙ˛̜ਖ਼Ą ࡎ႗ጠ֍̺ટ̾ʹĎӨᓙФʙ˛̜ਖ਼Ą
jìsuànjX li`nggè zhdxiZ zhuVnyè ybwài, wc háiyou yíge ZhYngwén fùxiZ.
! ! ! !
ӨڟүЙᑼݞĎೆ༄ϻЩુ֗྆ደमڟᇩĎ ӨڟүЙᑼݞĎೆ༄ϻЩુ֗྆ደमڟᇩĎ Wcde píngjZn chéngjì hangVo, céngjXng duYcì dédào guo xuéxiào de jiVji`ng,
ᓙጊψ྆੦ደڟደΡࣰ̺Ďᕑ྆ݞϻ ᓙጊψ྆੦ደڟደΡࣰ̺Ďᕑ྆ݞϻ hái dVnrèn guo shVngxuéyuàn de xuéshWnghuì zhdxí, zdzhX guo handuY
! !
߀Ąʳސደम߀ࡌࡧڟĎӨސᕑʡ˞ʙĄ ߀Ąʳސደम߀ࡌࡧڟĎӨސᕑʡ˞ʙĄ
huódòng. Fánshì xuéxiào de zhòngyào huódòng, wc dYu shì zdzhXrén zhX yX.
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
ѱ͑྆ࠂՀάฝĔ ѱ͑྆ࠂՀάฝĔ
Chén Zhdrèn: Nb cVnjiV guo yánjiZ xiàngmù ma?
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
͑྆Ąૃ͞БזĎӨʙڢϵੈࠂՀĎ ͑྆Ąૃ͞БזĎӨʙڢϵੈࠂՀĎ
Wén Rúhuá:
CVnjiV guo. Cóng qùnián kVishb, wc yìzhí zài gWn jiàoshòu zuò yánjiZ,
! !
୪ϵΓϵᅸ୳ባ̜Ą ୪ϵΓϵᅸ୳ባ̜Ą
xiànzài zhèngzài xia bìyè lùnwén.
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
ਸ਼ʟደ̾ʹĎѱᓙᜍੈ˧ᅄֹĔ ਸ਼ʟደ̾ʹĎѱᓙᜍੈ˧ᅄֹĔ
Chén Zhdrèn: Chúle xuéxí ybwài, nb hái xbhuVn zuò shénme ne?
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
ӨᜍݞϻٍљĄ˚྆ĎӨశᜍडїĄ ӨᜍݞϻٍљĄ˚྆ĎӨశᜍडїĄ
Wén Rúhuá:
Wc xbhuVn handuY dYngxi. Búguò, wc zuì xbhuVn ljxíng.
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
եЁĎӨ࢈ϋˎѰ౷ࡌސલલ͎࣯Ą եЁĎӨ࢈ϋˎѰ౷ࡌސલલ͎࣯Ą
Chén Zhdrèn: Nà h`o, wcmen zhèfèn gYngzuò jiùshì yào chángcháng chZchVi.
Language in Use with Pinyin
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
եӨސԑ˞˚ુҢĕࢺؐ̈̈ϵʹՖĎ եӨސԑ˞˚ુҢĕࢺؐ̈̈ϵʹՖĎ
Wén Rúhuá:
Nà wc shì qiúzhXbùdé ya! N`pà tiVntiVn zài wàimiàn zcu,
! !
Өʶݞ፹Ą Өʶݞ፹Ą
A43
wc ya huì han gVoxìng.
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
ѱᓙФ˧ᅄੰᖠฝĔ ѱᓙФ˧ᅄੰᖠฝĔ
Chén Zhdrèn: Nb háiycu shénme wèntí ma?
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
ቜੰĎѱ࢈˧ᅄढੈԚֹסĔ ቜੰĎѱ࢈˧ᅄढੈԚֹסĔ
Wén Rúhuá:
Qbngwèn, nbmen shénme shíhou néng zuò juédìng ne?
ఙ̺ψē! ఙ̺ψē!
ʮޑೈʙґĄӨ࢈൝ѱΈྫབྷڟĄ ʮޑೈʙґĄӨ࢈൝ѱΈྫབྷڟĄ
Chén Zhdrèn: Xiàge xXngqX yX ba. Wcmen huì gai nb d` diànhuà de.
̜Ѓർē! ̜Ѓർē!
ЁĎӨѱ࢈ྫڟབྷĄϔЩ๐ᓂૌ൝ӨጠĄ ЁĎӨѱ࢈ྫڟབྷĄϔЩ๐ᓂૌ൝ӨጠĄ
Wén Rúhuá:
H`o, wc dang nbmende diànhuà. Zàicì g`nxiè nín gai wc zhège jXhuì.
Lesson 19
“Have You Had Any Job Offers?”
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
ΕĎѱˎѰӲુݩᅄᆺĔ ΕĎѱˎѰӲુݩᅄᆺĔ
ZhYu Huáxìn: XXnmín, nb gYngzuò zh`ode zanmeyàng?
ۜΕē! ۜΕē!
Фʭϴ̟֧ʟӨڟΧቜĎʙۜސᎊᄚїĎ Фʭϴ̟֧ʟӨڟΧቜĎʙۜސᎊᄚїĎ
JXn XXnmín:
Ycu sVnge dìfang jiWshòu le wcde shWnqbng, yíge shì jXnróng yínháng,
! !
֍ܘސཚ˴ͧĄ֍̈ӨΓϵуᆌ֧ࢺʙֹĄ ֍ܘސཚ˴ͧĄ֍̈ӨΓϵуᆌ֧ࢺʙֹĄ
li`ngge shì zXxún gYngsX. Zhè li`ngtiVn wc zhèngzài k`oll jiWshòu n`yíge ne.
A44
Language in Use with Pinyin
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
ڟฝĔ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼᓙԠӇϒݮಈĎ౷Ϳᓙ ڟฝĔ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼᓙԠӇϒݮಈĎ౷Ϳᓙ
ZhYu Huáxìn: ZhWnde ma? Xiànzài de jXngjì hái méi wánquán huXfù, jiùyè shìch`ng hái
! !
˚̊ುॉĎᙯۨڌલᅗࣛĎ͟ܓސФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌѱĎ ˚̊ುॉĎᙯۨڌલᅗࣛĎ͟ܓސФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌѱĎ bú tài jbngqì, jìngzhWng fWicháng lìhai, kashì què ycu sVnjiV gYngsX yào nb,
! !
ѱʟ˚ਔĕঢඳѱĄ ѱʟ˚ਔĕঢඳѱĄ nb zhWn li`obuqb! Zhùhè nb.
ۜΕē! ۜΕē! JXn XXnmín:
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
ᓂᓂĄ˚྆Өᚈુ̺ࡌސӨོڟॉ̨ྲྀЁĄ ᓂᓂĄ˚྆Өᚈુ̺ࡌސӨོڟॉ̨ྲྀЁĄ
Xièxie. Búguò wc juéde zhdyào shì wcde yùnqi bbjiào h`o.
ѿᒾඎʟĄࡌӲЁˎڟѰۨࡌФЁڟନχ˚͟Ą ѿᒾඎʟĄࡌӲЁˎڟѰۨࡌФЁڟନχ˚͟Ą
ZhYu Huáxìn: Bié qiVnxZ le. Yào zh`o h`ode gYngzuò fWi yào ycu h`ode tiáojiàn bùka.
! !
ቢڟନχ˚Ё˚їĕ ቢڟନχ˚Ё˚їĕ
ۜΕē! ۜΕē!
ʶ˚ӇϒЃЪĎӨᓙڟོྲྀ̨ސĄ ʶ˚ӇϒЃЪĎӨᓙڟོྲྀ̨ސĄ
JXn XXnmín:
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
Shéide tiáojiàn bùh`o dYu bùxíng!
Ya bù wánquán rúcb, wc háishì bbjiào xìngyùn de.
եѱ֗уᆌ͞ࢺࣜ˴ֹͧĔ եѱ֗уᆌ͞ࢺࣜ˴ֹͧĔ
ZhYu Huáxìn: Nà nb dàodb k`oll qù n`jiV gYngsX ne?
ۜΕē! ۜΕē! JXn XXnmín:
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
͟ސեࣜ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧґĎ͂࢈൝ˎڟཥ̨ྲྀĄ ͟ސեࣜ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧґĎ͂࢈൝ˎڟཥ̨ྲྀĄ
Kanéng shì nàjiV dàde zXxún gYngsX ba, tVmen gai de gYngzX bbjiào gVo.
Өࢇᘹۜ͞ᎊᄚїĕۜĎΈ˚কĄ Өࢇᘹۜ͞ᎊᄚїĕۜĎΈ˚কĄ
ZhYu Huáxìn: Wc dào nìngyuàn qù jXnróng yínháng! JXn fànw`n, d`búpò.
Language in Use with Pinyin
ۜΕē! ۜΕē! JXn XXnmín:
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
ѱჳુࢇʶဇĄᄚїˎڟѰ̨ྲྀᗧסĎ྄ݟʶݞЁĄ ѱჳુࢇʶဇĄᄚїˎڟѰ̨ྲྀᗧסĎ྄ݟʶݞЁĄ
Nb shuYde dào ya duì. Yínháng de gYngzuò bbjiào wandìng, dàiyù ya hanh`o.
˚྆ᓙࡌ͂࢈̿൝ѱϻ̍БᒠֹĄ ˚྆ᓙࡌ͂࢈̿൝ѱϻ̍БᒠֹĄ
ZhYu Huáxìn: Búguò hái yào kàn tVmen fù gai nb duYsh`o nián xXn ne.
ۜΕē! ۜΕē!
ᄚї൝Өڟਔᒠ˲ސĎˉܘڟཚ˴ͧސˤʠĎ ᄚї൝Өڟਔᒠ˲ސĎˉܘڟཚ˴ͧސˤʠĎ
JXn XXnmín:
Yínháng gai wcde qbxXn shì liùwàn, xi`ode zXxún gYngsX shì wdwàn èr,
! !
˃ސڟˤˤĎ˚྆͂࢈ސʰͿ˴ͧĎ̾͟൝Ө ˃ސڟˤˤĎ˚྆͂࢈ސʰͿ˴ͧĎ̾͟൝Ө dàde shì wdwàn wd, búguò tVmen dYu shì shàngshì gYngsX, kayi gai wc
! !
˴ͧڶڟϋĄ ˴ͧڶڟϋĄ gYngsXde gdfèn.
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
ᆺ˅˚ݞᎿ࿘ĕե౷ԚסʟґĄ ᆺ˅˚ݞᎿ࿘ĕե౷ԚסʟґĄ
ZhYu Huáxìn: Kànyàngzi dYu han búcuò ma! Nà jiù juédìng le ba.
ۜΕē! ۜΕē! JXn XXnmín:
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
͂͟࢈ಪռ྄ݟڟᓙސФᔈ˚ʙᆺĄ ͂͟࢈ಪռ྄ݟڟᓙސФᔈ˚ʙᆺĄ
Ka tVmen tígYng de dàiyù háishi ycudi`r bù yíyàng.
ુʟĎુʟĕѱސકકڟĄЁґĎჳჳĎ ુʟĎુʟĕѱސકકڟĄЁґĎჳჳĎ
ZhYu Huáxìn: Déle, déle! Nb zhWnshì pópomVma de. H`oba, shuYshuokàn,
! !
A45
ՀతФ˧ᅄ˚ʙᆺĔ ՀతФ˧ᅄ˚ʙᆺĔ jiZjìng ycu shénme bù yíyàng?
A46
Language in Use with Pinyin
ۜΕē! ۜΕē!
͂࢈ڟਝτࡎഫַᖂᑛ۳Ꮞ࣯˚ϻĎ͎࣯ڟངථʶ ͂࢈ڟਝτࡎ࿒ַᖂᑛ۳Ꮞ࣯˚ϻĎ͎࣯ڟངථʶ
JXn XXnmín:
TVmende tuìxiZ jìhuà hé yXliáo b`oxi`n dYu chàbuduY, chZchVi de bdtiW ya
! !
ݞĄѮސĎЃَ̾ݣӨ๑ϔ͞ʙղࠂՀΡڟĎ ݞĄѮސĎЃَ̾ݣӨ๑ϔ͞ʙղࠂՀΡڟĎ
hangVo. Dànshì, rúguc ybhòu wc xi`ng zài qù xiZ yìxiW yánjiZshWngde kè,
! !
ᄚї̾͟ಪռደངථĎфܘཚ˴ͧܓԠФ̟ ᄚї̾͟ಪռደངථĎфܘཚ˴ͧܓԠФ̟ yínháng kayb tígYng xuéfèi bdtiW, ér zXxún gYngsX què méiyou zhè fVngmiàn
! !
ڟႋҁĄؚ̾ӨФᔈങᎣĄ ڟႋҁĄؚ̾ӨФᔈങᎣĄ
de fúlì. Sucyb wc ycudi`r yóuyù.
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
ࡌӨჳĎ൝ڟᏀϻ౷їĄ ࡌӨჳĎ൝ڟᏀϻ౷їĄ
ZhYu Huáxìn: Yào wc shuY, gaide qián duY jiù xíng.
ۜΕē! ۜΕē! JXn XXnmín:
! !
Өࢇ˚̊ϣ๎ĄဇӨվჳĎᏀ־ഓࡧࡌĎ Өࢇ˚̊ϣ๎ĄဇӨվჳĎᏀ־ഓࡧࡌĎ
Zhè wc dào bú tài tóngyì. Duì wc lái shuY, qián gùrán zhòngyào,
͟ˎѰᑗԁࡧࡌĄ ͟ˎѰᑗԁࡧࡌĄ
ka gYngzuò huánjìng gèng zhòngyào.
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
եࢇʶސĄФढĎФʙЁˎڟѰᑗሂဂ̨ եࢇʶސĄФढĎФʙЁˎڟѰᑗሂဂ̨
ZhYu Huáxìn: Nà dào ya shì. Ycushíhou, ycu yíge h`ode gYngzuò huánjìng quèshí bb
! !
ˎཥڟϻ̍ԁࡧࡌĄ ˎཥڟϻ̍ԁࡧࡌĄ
gYngzX de duYsh`o gèng zhòngyào.
ۜΕē! ۜΕē!
֏ဂӨ๑͞եࣜ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧĎჳեڟϣձᘰ۽ ֏ဂӨ๑͞եࣜ˃ܘڟཚ˴ͧĎჳեڟϣձᘰ۽
JXn XXnmín:
Qíshí wc xi`ng qù nàjiV dàde zXxún gYngsX, tXngshuY nàr de tóngshì guVnxi
! !
ݞᎊ߁ĎʰͧʶݞЁĄ ݞᎊ߁ĎʰͧʶݞЁĄ
han róngqià, shàngsX ya han h`o.
Language in Use with Pinyin
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
A47
ʙᔈࢇۨސલࡧࡌڟĄ ʙᔈࢇۨސલࡧࡌڟĄ
ZhYu Huáxìn: Zhè yìdi`n dào shì fWicháng zhòngyào de.
ۜΕē! ۜΕē!
Өڍڍʶჳē!ņѱᓙБᄆĎᏀ̾ݣᒂᓈુ֗Ď Өڍڍʶჳē!ņѱᓙБᄆĎᏀ̾ݣᒂᓈુ֗Ď
JXn XXnmín:
Wc bàba ya shuY: “Nb hái niánqXng, qián ybhòu zcng néng zhuàndedào,
! !
͟ސЁˎڟѰᑗސ˚ܓեᅄ࣠ڟ֗ુؾĄŇ ͟ސЁˎڟѰᑗސ˚ܓեᅄ࣠ڟ֗ુؾĄŇ
kashì h`ode gYngzuò huánjìng què búshì nàme róngyì dédào de.”
ֺർ۬ē! ֺർ۬ē!
ѱڍڍჳુФཾ୩Ď͂ڟԠᎿĄ ѱڍڍჳુФཾ୩Ď͂ڟԠᎿĄ
ZhYu Huáxìn: Nb bàba shuYde ycu dàoli, tXng tVde méicuò.
Lesson 20
Which Job Offer Should I Accept?
Ρē Ρē JiànshWng:
ѱЁĕЁʴԠФѱᒒ൜ʟĄݩᅄᆺĔЁฝĔ ѱЁĕЁʴԠФѱᒒ൜ʟĄݩᅄᆺĔЁฝĔ
Nbh`o! H`ojid méiyou gWn nb liánluò le. Zanmeyàng? H`o ma?
ӨˬБ౷ࡌ୳ʟĎʙڢϵӲˎѰĎؚ̾శۖ५ѿДĄ ӨˬБ౷ࡌ୳ʟĎʙڢϵӲˎѰĎؚ̾శۖ५ѿДĄ
Wc jXnnián jiùyào bìyè le, yìzhí zài zh`o gYngzuò, sucyb zuìjìn tèbié máng.
ӨӔଖӲʙࣜދӨڟટФᘰĎʬಪռЁڟႋҁڟ྄ݟ ӨӔଖӲʙࣜދӨڟટФᘰĎʬಪռЁڟႋҁڟ྄ݟ Wc xXwàng zh`o yìjiV jì gWn wcde zhuVnyè ycuguVn, yòu néng tígYng h`ode fúlì dàiyù de
˴ͧĄ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼᓙԠФӇϒݮಈĎࡌӲʙϋˎѰؾ࣠˚ݞĎ ˴ͧĄ୪ϵڟ༄ᐼᓙԠФӇϒݮಈĎࡌӲʙϋˎѰؾ࣠˚ݞĎ
gYngsX. Xiànzàide jXngjì hái méiyou wánquán huXfù, yào zh`o yífèn gYngzuò han bù róngyì,
A48
Language in Use with Pinyin
ԁѿჳސӲ֗ʙϋ୩๑ˎڟѰʟĎؚ̾ӨݞႧĄӨᓙລర ԁѿჳސӲ֗ʙϋ୩๑ˎڟѰʟĎؚ̾ӨݞႧĄӨᓙລర
gèng biéshuY shì zh`odào yífèn lbxi`ngde gYngzuò le, sucyb wc hanjbnzhVng. Wc hái zhdnbèi
ЃَӲ˚֗ˎѰĎჄ֏ϵࣜݟĎ˚ЃΧቜࠂՀΡĎϔደ ЃَӲ˚֗ˎѰĎჄ֏ϵࣜݟĎ˚ЃΧቜࠂՀΡĎϔደ rúguc zh`obudào gYngzuò, ydqí zài jiV dangdài, bùrú shWnqbng yánjiZshWngyuàn, zài xuéxí
֍БĎऌʙႈˁደѝĎߏ̾ݣϵ౷ͿʰᙯੈڌລరĄ ֍БĎऌʙႈˁደѝĎߏ̾ݣϵ౷ͿʰᙯੈڌລరĄ
li`ngnián, ná yíge shuòshì xuéwèi, wèi ybhòu zài jiùyè shìch`ng shàng jìngzhWng zuò zhdnbèi.
܉ղ̠˅ĎӨ͞ʙղ˴ͧ͑ཐĎː༄͞ʟˤࣜ˴ͧʟĄ໋ढ ܉ղ̠˅ĎӨ͞ʙղ˴ͧ͑ཐĎː༄͞ʟˤࣜ˴ͧʟĄ໋ढ
QiánxiW rìzi, wc qù yìxiW gYngsX cVnjiV miànshì, ybjXng qùle wdjiV gYngsX le. DVngshí
Ө๑Ďͫࡌ֏˛ʙࣜࡌӨĎ҉պˎཥѳʙᔈĎեӨʶོݞʟĄ Ө๑Ďͫࡌ֏˛ʙࣜࡌӨĎ҉պˎཥѳʙᔈĎեӨʶོݞʟĄ
wc xi`ng, zhbyào qízhYng yìjiV yào wc, jíshb gYngzX dX yìdi`n, nà wc ya han xìngyùn le.
๑˚֗Фʭࣜ˴֧ͧʟӨĎф̸˚ސᎿͧ˴ڟĎӨ ๑˚֗Фʭࣜ˴֧ͧʟӨĎф̸˚ސᎿͧ˴ڟĎӨ Xi`ngbudào ycu sVnjiV gYngsX jiWshòu le wc, érqia dYushì búcuò de gYngsX, zhè ràng wc
፹ይʟĄ ፹ይʟĄ xXngfèn jí le.
ӨᓙԠԚסՀత͞ࢺࣜ˴ͧĄΏվӨ๑Ď˚႓ͧ˴ࣜࢺސ ӨᓙԠԚסՀత͞ࢺࣜ˴ͧĄΏվӨ๑Ď˚႓ͧ˴ࣜࢺސ
Wc hái méi juédìng jiZjìng qù n`jiV gYngsX. Banlái wc xi`ng, bùgu`n shì n`jiV gYngsX
ࡌӨĎӨ͞Ą୪ϵދഓФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌӨĎӨ໋ഓુ ࡌӨĎӨ͞Ą୪ϵދഓФʭࣜ˴ͧࡌӨĎӨ໋ഓુ
yào wc, wc dYu huì qù. Xiànzài jìrán ycu sVnjiV gYngsX dYu yào wc, wc dVngrán dai
ЁЁϴޅᎵʙʮĄ ЁЁϴޅᎵʙʮĄ
h`oh`ode tiVoxu`n yíxià.
Language in Use with Pinyin
A49
ϰߏѱˎѰʟʙБʟĎː༄Фʙղ༄Ďؚ̾Өݞ๑ѱڟ ϰߏѱˎѰʟʙБʟĎː༄Фʙղ༄Ďؚ̾Өݞ๑ѱڟ YXnwèi nb gYngzuò le yìnián le, ybjXng ycu yìxiW jXngyàn, sucyb wc hanxi`ng tXngting nbde
๑ٲĄӨ๑ཾڣĎ໋Өϵ˴ͧନχڟढĎФࢺղੰᖠ ๑ٲĄӨ๑ཾڣĎ໋Өϵ˴ͧନχڟढĎФࢺղੰᖠ
xi`ngf`. Wc xi`ng zhXdào, dVng wc zài gWn gYngsX tán tiáojiàn de shíhou, ycu n`xiW wèntí
ސӨۨಪ˚͟ڟĄӔଖѱ൝Ө໋໋᎗Ď̾ѻӨჳᎿབྷĄ ސӨۨಪ˚͟ڟĄӔଖѱ൝Ө໋໋᎗Ď̾ѻӨჳᎿབྷĄ
shì wc fWi tí bùka de. XXwàng nb néng gai wc dVng dang cVnmóu, ybmi`n wc shuY cuò huà.
ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀౷ࡌൖԂʟĎϱ๑ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀Ď ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀౷ࡌൖԂʟĎϱ๑ͲБ˃ڟደΡ߀Ď Sìnián de dàxué shWnghuó jiùyào jiéshù le, huí xi`ng zhè sìnián de dàxué shWnghuó,
ᚈુݞФНᗦĄ˚Ѯደʟ˚̍ڣᘋĎф̸ʶьˏԁʟཌˬڟݣ ᚈુݞФНᗦĄ˚Ѯደʟ˚̍ڣᘋĎф̸ʶьˏԁʟཌˬڟݣ
juéde han ycu shYuhuò. Búdàn xuéle bùsh`o zhXshi, érqia ya ràng zìjb gèng li`ojia jXnhòu de
ይਾάᆿĄᓙФĎӨ๑ϑˎѰಁБĎഓݣϔϱደमӾ ይਾάᆿĄᓙФĎӨ๑ϑˎѰಁБĎഓݣϔϱደमӾ
fèndòu mùbiVo. Háiycu, wc xi`ng xiVn gYngzuò jbnián, ránhòu zài huí xuéxiào gYngdú
ࠂՀΡĎϻደʙղٍљĄѱֹĔѱ˚ʶސᅄ๑ڟฝĔ ࠂՀΡĎϻደʙղٍљĄѱֹĔѱ˚ʶސᅄ๑ڟฝĔ
yánjiZshWngyuàn, duYxué yìxiW dYngxi. Nb ne? Nb bù ya shì zhème xi`ng de ma?
ЁʟĎ˚ϻᅸʟĄঢ ЁʟĎ˚ϻᅸʟĄঢ
H`o le, bù duY xia le. Zhù
ˎѰಛӤ ˎѰಛӤ GYngzuò yúkuài
! !
̄! Ε ̄! Ε Ycu
! !
XXnmín
Ͳ̢ʠʪˤ̠ Ͳ̢ʠʪˤ̠ Sì yuè èrshíwd rì
A50
Pinyin Glossary
ࠑܙॗʵ ࠑܙॗʵ
PINYIN GLOSSARY
Each entry lists the Pinyin, traditional character, simplified character, part of speech, English meaning, and lesson number.
A ài àihàozha Viya Vnpái
ࢸ ๒Ёڱ ܙҢ Њ
ࢸ ๒Ёڱ ܙҢ Њ
VnwWi
ЊϠ
ЊϠ
bVngzhù
ᐓ҅
ᐓ҅
b`oguì bVokuò b`oxi`n bàoyuàn b`ozhèng bèi
ᙘප ͓ނ ۳Ꮞ ݪز ۳ᘌ
ᙘප ͓ނ ۳Ꮞ ݪز ۳ᘌ
Int. N. Int. V. N. N.
(a sigh of sadness or regret) amateur, enthusiast, fan ah!, gosh!, oh dear! to arrange arrangement safety and danger, safety
11 15 12 17
N. V. Adj. V. N. V. V. Prep.
help to help precious to include, comprise insurance to complain to pledge, guarantee, assure (introduces the agent in a passive sentence) quilt to force all over form ward (of a hospital) cannot bear to think about it make-up test to tell you the truth ፎ (to hide the truth from) or else, otherwise, if not to compensate allowance adversity, misfortune it doesn’t matter, it’s not serious
12
14
B
bX biàn bi`ogé bìngfáng bùkVnshèxi`ng bdk`o bùmánnbshuY
ཱྀ ྇ ےि ॾؘ ˚௩๑ ངу ˚ፎѱჳ
ཱྀ ྇ ےि ॾؘ ˚௩๑ ངу ˚ፎѱჳ
bùrán bdtiW
˚ഓ ངථ
˚ഓ ངථ
búxìng búyàojbn
˚ ˚ࡌႧ
˚ ˚ࡌႧ
N. V. Adj. N. N. N.
Conj. V. N. N.
16 16 12 13 14 11
13 15 17 11 12 12 14 12 19 12 11
Pinyin Glossary
A51
C cVnmóu
᎗
᎗
céngjXng ch`ojià chWhuò chèn chéngjì/chéngjX chéngjiùg`n chídào chXkuX chZchVi chZkcu chúle . . . ybwài chZménzàiwài chZshì
ೆ༄ Ҟޜ ՙႌ ර Йᑼ Й౷๐ Ꮆ֗ Ϭᒫ ͎࣯ ͎ʿ ਸ਼ʟ///////̾ʹ ͎۞ϵʹ ͎ձ
ೆ༄ Ҟޜ ՙႌ ර Йᑼ Й౷๐ Ꮆ֗ Ϭᒫ ͎࣯ ͎ʿ ਸ਼ʟ///////̾ʹ ͎۞ϵʹ ͎ձ
chZyuàn
͎
͎
V.O.
cídài cYngcYng mángmáng cYngmíng cóngshVng cuX
ႄળ ͔͔ДД ᒑق ૃ੦ ซ
ႄળ ͔͔ДД ᒑق ૃ੦ ซ
N. Adv. Adj. V. V.
dVi dàirénchdshì
ݟ ݟʡ̶
ݟ ݟʡ̶
V.
dàiyù dàliàng dàng dVngchZ dVngshí dVnrèn dVnxXn dànyuàn dàodb
྄ݟ ˃ු ໋ ໋ۑ ໋ढ ጊψ ጊ̖ Ѯᘹ ֗
྄ݟ ˃ු ໋ ໋ۑ ໋ढ ጊψ ጊ̖ Ѯᘹ ֗
N. N. V.
V. N. Adv. V.O. N. Prep. N. N. V. V.O. V.O. N. Conj. V.O.
to give advice military advisor once to quarrel car accident avail oneself of grade, score, result, success sense of achievement to be late to suffer losses, come to grief to go on a business trip exit besides, except (for) to be away from home to meet with a mishap, have an accident to be discharged from the hospital (magnetic) tape in a hurry smart to engage in business to urge
20 18 13 13 16 18 16 13 13 18 13 18 12 14 12 15 13 17 18 13
D
Adv. V. V. V. Adv.
to stay the way one acts with others and conducts oneself in public salary and benefits large quantity to regard as, treat as in the first place, originally then, at that time to take the position of to worry, feel anxious to wish at last, finally, after all (used in an interrogative sentence to indicate an attempt to get to the bottom of the matter)
12 16 19 18 16 12 20 18 11 17 11
A52
Pinyin Glossary
dàolb d`oméi dàoqiàn d`r`o dáxiè dangdài dìbù dXdVdXdV
ཾ୩ ࢇຎ ཾ၇ Έᔙ ൎᓂ ݟ ϴԏ ၎ൎ၎ൎ
ཾ୩ ࢇካ ཾ၇ Έᔙ ൎᓂ ݟ ϴԏ ၎ൎ၎ൎ
dXngdVng
ͣዝ
ͣዝ
dcng dòng shcushù dòngbuli`o dcngshì dú duàn
ᐗ ̙ ˚ʟ ᐗձ
ᐗ ̙ ˚ʟ ᐗձ
Adj. V. M.W.
duìhuà dùn
ဇབྷ ླ
ဇབྷ ླ
N. M.W.
duYkuX dùzi
ϻᒫ Ո˅
ϻᒫ Ո˅
fádVn fVjiàn fVn f`n’ér fánshì fànw`n fVsòng fWi . . . bùka fèndòu fWng
Ⴔ വχ ബ ̆ф ʳސ വਚ ۨ//////˚͟ ይਾ
Ⴔ വχ ബ ̆ф ʳސ വਚ ۨ//////˚͟ ይਾ
N. V.O. M.W. Adv. Adv. N. V.
fdd`o
ᄄዲ
ᄄዲ
V.
fúlì fùmd fùxiZ fùzá
ႋҁ ̮Δ ਖ਼ ቒᖕ
ႋҁ ̮Δ ਖ਼ ቒᖕ
N. N. N. Adj.
N. Adj. V.O. V. V. V. N.
V. V.O.
N.
principle, argument unlucky to apologize to disturb to thank to wait condition onomatopoeia (e.g. tick, tick-tock) onomatopoeia (e.g. jingle (of a bell)) to understand, grasp to have a surgical operation cannot move intelligent, sensible to read, attend school (measure word for section, segment) dialogue (measure word for meals or scolds) thanks to, luckily belly
16 12 13 16 12 20 12 14
ticket, citation to send mail (measure word for cause) instead, on the contrary all, every rice bowl to dispatch (letters, etc.) have to, must to fight for (measure word for mailing letters) to give guidance in studying, coach welfare, benefit father and mother minor complicated, complex
13 15 16 15 18 19 15 16 20 14
16 16 11 13 16 16 12 14 11 12 11
F
V. M.W.
12 19 11 18 17
Pinyin Glossary
A53
G g`i g`n g`ndòng gVnggVng gVngh`o g`nkuài g`nshòu
ӽ ಸ ๐ ࢤࢤ ࢤЁ ᄂӤ ๐֧
ӽ ಸ ๐ ࢤࢤ ࢤЁ ᄂӤ ๐֧
gVosù gYnglù gW gWn . . . ycuguVn
ఀ˴ ၈ //////Фᘰ
ఀ˴ ၈ //////Фᘰ
gèngbiéshuY gYngdú gYngxb gYngzX gòu gYutYng
ԁѿჳ Ӿ ࣾ ˎཥ ᓊ ຜ
ԁѿჳ Ӿ ࣾ ˎཥ ᓊ ຜ
guà gu`n guVngdié guVnxXn
૮ ႓ ώႅ ᘰ̖
૮ ႓ ώႅ ᘰ̖
gdfèn guòji`ng gùrán
ڶϋ ྆ᇩ ־ഓ
ڶϋ ྆ᇩ ־ഓ
ࣛ ѤΆ ַЁ َݣ ݣअ ᓙ ᑗ ϱ
ࣛ ѤΆ ַЁ َݣ ݣअ ᓙ ᑗ ϱ
V. V. V. Adv. Adv. Adv. V. N. N. N.
V. V. N. V. V. N. V. V. N. V. N. N. V. Conj.
to change, revise to dare to move, touch (emotions) a moment ago, just now it so happened that, just speedily to be affected by, experience emotional feeling highway song to be related to . . . , connected with . . . not to mention to pursue the study of to congratulate salary to purchase to communicate communication to hang, hang up (telephone) to mind, control compact disc to be concerned about concern stock to give undeserved compliment admittedly, though of course
13 11 14 13 11 17 14
to harm, cause trouble for there is no need to make up (after a fight) consequence, aftermath to regret to return environment, surroundings to return, reply (measure word for indicating the frequency of action), (measure word [spoken form] for matters)
12 12 15 12 12 15 19 11
13 15 20 20 20 12 19 15 14 13 11 15 11 19 16 19
H hài hébì héh`o hòuguc hòuhub huán huánjìng huí
V. V. N. V. V. N. V. M.W.
A54
Pinyin Glossary
ݮಈ ϱ๑ ᛖˁ
ݮಈ ϱ๑ ᛖˁ
V. V. N.
to recover to reflect on, recall nurse
12 20 11
jì . . . yòu jiVji`ng
ދ//////ʬ ᇩ
ދ//////ʬ ᇩ
ᐮޥ
ᐮޥ
ji`ng jiVnglái ji`ngzuò ji`nlì jiànyì
ᒿ ઠվ ᒿࣴ ᕏጣ ݚᚊ
ᒿ ઠվ ᒿࣴ ᕏጣ ݚᚊ
ji`o jiVodài jiàoshòu jiVoshZ jiVrén jiVyóu
ൕ κ̈́ प ࣜʡ ͑ٶ
ൕ κ̈́ प ࣜʡ ͑ٶ
jiéguc jiajué jiéshù jíjímángmáng jXn jbngchá jXngguò jXngjìxué jbngqì jbngu`n jXngyàn jìngzhWng
ൖَ ཌԚ ൖԂ ݨݨДД ۜ ᚌဆ ༄྆ ༄ᐼደ ುॉ ዑ႓ ༄ ᙯڌ
ൖَ ཌԚ ൖԂ ݨݨДД ۜ ᚌဆ ༄྆ ༄ᐼደ ುॉ ዑ႓ ༄ ᙯڌ
jXnhòu jXnróng jìnxíng jbnzhVng jìnzhb jìrán jíshb jìshù
ˬݣ ۜᎊ ї Ⴇ ̥ ދഓ ҉պ Ӭ
ˬݣ ۜᎊ ї Ⴇ ̥ ދഓ ҉պ Ӭ
both . . . and, as well as to award award to examine checkup, examination to talk future lecture résumé, curriculum vitae (C.V.) to advise, recommend advice, recommendation to twist, entangle to tell, explain, make clear professor to teach family members to make an extra effort, “Go! Go!” result to solve to end, finish in a hurry, hurriedly gold police process economics prosperous although experience to compete competition from now on; in the future finance to be in progress nervous to prohibit, ban now that even if technology
14 18
ji`nchá
Conj. V. N. V. N. V. N. N. N. V. N. V. V. N. V.O. N. V.O.
huXfù huíxi`ng hùshì
J
N. V. V. Adj. N. N. N. N. Adj. Conj. N. V. N. N. N. V. Adj. V. Conj. Conj. N.
12 16 16 17 17 13 15 13 16 16 11 16 13 12 11 14 19 13 11 16 19 18 16 19 20 19 11 20 13 20 20 18
jiùhùchW jiZjìng jiùyè jiùyè zhYngxXn jíxìng jìxù jízhanshì juéxXn
૿ᛖՙ Հత ౷ ౷˛̖ ؒݨ ᙷᛉ ݨඨ݉ Ԛ̖
૿ᛖՙ Հత ౷ ౷˛̖ ؒݨ ᙷᛉ ݨඨ݉ Ԛ̖
jùjué
آ൘
آ൘
N. Adv. N. N. N. V. N. V. N. V.
kVidVo
ʦ
ʦ
V.O.
kVifV kVikcu
വ ʿ
വ ʿ
V. V.O.
kVizh`n kànqí kào k`oll
ࣤ ᅆ ኬ уᆌ
ࣤ ᅆ ኬ уᆌ
kalián
͟ᆕ
͟ᆕ
kWxué kcngpà kZ
ࠋደ ࣼؐ ࢶ
ࠋደ ࣼؐ ࢶ
V. V. V. V. N. Adj. V. N. Adv. V.
la
੨
੨
Int.
lèiy`nwVngwVng lèyì lb
ୋԙԙ ᇅ๎ ୩
ୋԙԙ ᇅ๎ ୩
V. V.
liàngjia
ቘཌ
ቘཌ
V.
liánluò li`ojia liáotiVnshì lìhai
ᒒ൜ ʟཌ ம̈݉ ᅗࣛ
ᒒ൜ ʟཌ ம̈݉ ᅗࣛ
V. V. N. Adj.
Pinyin Glossary
A55
ambulance after all employment career center acute to continue emergency room to be determined to determination, resolution to refuse, reject
11 19 17 17 11 16 11 16
(spoken form) to perform or have an operation to develop to open one’s mouth, start to talk to carry on to keep up with, emulate to lean against, depend on to consider 17, consideration to be in a sorry situation to feel sorry for, to take pity on science I am afraid that . . . to weep, cry
11
(used at the end of a sentence to indicate sighing, questioning, etc.) (eyes) brimming with tears to be willing to to pay attention to, show interest in to understand, make allowances for to contact to know, understand chat room severe
12
17
K
18 14 18 16 12 19 19 11 18 17 14
L
14 17 14 14 15 18 14 11
A56
Pinyin Glossary
୩ཌ ጠʙ ї ୩๑ คව ڸ ባ̜ Ꮓࡱጠ
୩ཌ ጠʙ ї ୩๑ คව ڸ ባ̜ Ꮓࡱጠ
V. V. Adj. N. V. N. N. N.
to understand, comprehend to have a sudden inspiration prevalent, popular ideal to run around shoulder (of a road) research paper, thesis tape recorder
14 14 15 20 12 13 18 15
mà máfan
ሪ బຮ
ሪ బຮ
ڡ༗ڇ )ᓱӎ*ڇ ̩ോ ̩ॾ ۞ྛ ಎЫ ፑማ άᆿ
ڡ༗ڇ )ᓱӎ*ڇ ̩ോ ̩ॾ ۞ྛ ಎЫ ፑማ άᆿ
to scold troublesome to put somebody to trouble appendicitis
11 12
mángchángyán (lánwaiyán) máobb máobìng ménlíng mWnsb móliàn mùbiVo
V. Adj. V. N. N. N. N. V.C. V. N.
calligraphy brush defect, shortcoming, trouble doorbell to be extremely boring to temper oneself goal
16 14 16 12 16 20
ᘲཾ ᘲ྆ ࢺؐ ๆ Б Бᒠ ᘹ
ᘲཾ ᘲ྆ ࢺؐ ๆ Б Бᒠ ᘹ
Adv. Adj. Conj. Adj. N. N. Conj.
Isn’t it true . . . feel sorry, feel sad even if capable grade annual salary would rather . . . than
17 14 18 17 16 19 19
pà pán
ؐ ᇺ
ؐ ᇺ
V. N. M.W.
11 15
péi pèifú pèngdào pèngyùnqi
గ փو ֗ ོॉ
గ փو ֗ ོॉ
V. V. V.C.
to fear, be afraid of tray, plate, dish (measure word for tray-shaped items, e.g. cassette tapes) to accompany to admire to run into to try one’s luck
lbjia língjXyídòng liúxíng lbxi`ng luànp`o lùjiVn lùnwén lùyXnjX
M
11
N nándào nánguò n`pà nénggàn niánjí niánxXn nìngyuàn
P
13 16 13 13
Pinyin Glossary
pXli pVlV
ᅒը੧੨
ᅒը੧੨
Int.
píngcháng píngjZn píqì pópomVmV pZtYngpZtYng
લ ү ൮ॉ કક ᆢᆢ
લ ү ൮ॉ કક ᆢᆢ
Adv. Adj. N.
܉ఊഒු ᒾඎ ೈݟ ଼ ቜ ٷ ԑ ਔᒠ ܓ ሂဂ ীࣰ
܉ఊഒු ᒾඎ ೈݟ ଼ ቜ ٷ ԑ ਔᒠ ܓ ሂဂ ীࣰ
rán’ér ranbuzhù
ഓф Ӣ˚ў
ഓф Ӣ˚ў
Conj. V.
róngqià róngyì ru`njiàn rúcb rúhé
ᎊ߁ ࣠ؾ ௺χ ЃЪ ЃѤ
ᎊ߁ ࣠ؾ ௺χ ЃЪ ЃѤ
Adj. Adj. N.
sVichW shàngjìn shàngshì
ฬՙ ʰ ʰͿ
ฬՙ ʰ ʰͿ
N. Adj. V.
shàngsX shVngwù shVngxXn
ʰͧ ੦ਜ਼ ฌ̖
ʰͧ ੦ਜ਼ ฌ̖
N. N. Adj.
onomatopoeia (e.g. crackle of firecracker, burst of gunfire) generally, usually average temperament wordy, over-elaborate onomatopoeia (e.g. flop, thump, splash, pit-a-pat)
A57
14 14 18 13 19 14
Q qiántúwúliàng qiVnxZ qXdài qXngchd qbngjià qíngkuàng qiú qbxXn què quèshí quWxí
Adj. V. Adj. V.O. N. V. N. Adv. Adv. V.O. N.
great expectations modest to expect, await clear to ask for leave situation to beg, seek starting salary but, yet, however indeed, really to be absent absence
16 19 16 14 11 11 15 19 15 19 12
yet, but, however to be unable to bear, cannot help (doing something) harmonious easy software so, thus how
15 14
R
Pron.
19 13 18 12 17
S traffic jam to aspire to improve to go public, to list on the market boss, supervisor business sad, aggrieved, broken-hearted
13 16 18 19 18 14
A58
Pinyin Glossary
̍վ ᒐ պ Ϳ ސҏ ձ Ͷଖ ձ ဂϵ ֧˚ʟ Нᗦ Нχ Јढ ̙݉ ࡶϑ ᆵሆߺጠ )ᆵѝߺጠ* ۯ ҁ ჳᒐ ႈˁ ষ ႗ʟґ ۹བྷ ؚደڟ
̍վ ᒐ պ Ϳ ސҏ ձ Ͷଖ ձ ဂϵ ֧˚ʟ Нᗦ Нχ Јढ ̙݉ ࡶϑ ᆵሆߺጠ )ᆵѝߺጠ* ۯ ҁ ჳᒐ ႈˁ ষ ႗ʟґ ۹བྷ ؚደڟ
t`ng tàng tántan tiào tiáojiàn tiVoxu`n tiáozhang
ኂ ቷ ନχ ޅᎵ ቡጌ
ኂ ቷ ନχ ޅᎵ ቡጌ
tiazi tígYng tbhuì
˅׳ ಪռ
˅׳ ಪռ
tíqb tYngguò tóngyàng tYngzhX
ಪਔ ྆ ϣᆺ ڣ
ಪਔ ྆ ϣᆺ ڣ
sh`olái shWng shb shìch`ng shìfcu shìqíng shXwàng shìyè shízài shòubuli`o shYuhuò shYujiàn shcushí shcushùshì shcuxiVn shùm`xiàngjX (shùwèi xiàngjX) shùnbiàn shùnlì shuYshWng shuòshì sYusuc suànleba súhuà sucxuéde
N. V. N. Conj. N. Adj. N. Adv. Adj. N. V.O. V. N. Adv. N. Adv. Adv. V.O. N. V. N. N.
stop, quit it, cut it out sound to make, cause market whether or not, whether, if matter disappointed cause, undertaking, enterprise indeed not be able to bear harvest, achievement to receive mail to be on time operating room first of all digital camera
14 13 13 19 14 11 14 16 14 11 20 15 13 11 17 13
conveniently, in passing smoothly to say one word master to search for let it be, just forget it common saying, proverb what has been learned
12 11 14 16 15 12 12 16
to lie, recline (measure word for trips) to chat to jump, leap, bounce qualifications to choose to adjust adjustment a brief note to provide to reflect upon reflections, things one has realized/learned to mention to go through of the same to notify, inform
12 12 13 14 17 20 17
T V. M.W. V. V. N. V. V. N. N. V. V. N. V. V. Adj. V.
15 18 20
16 13 15 11
Pinyin Glossary
tZchZ
ࠏ͎
ࠏ͎
tuX tuìhuò tuXjiànxìn tuìxiZ tuY
૰ ਝ௲ ૰ᕨ۬ ਝτ ش
ӟ Ⴉ൜ Б Ӈϒ ק
A59
to make conspicuous outstanding to push to return merchandise recommendation letter to retire to delay, pull, drag
17
૰ ਝ௲ ૰ᕨ۬ ਝτ ش
V. Adj. N. V.O. N. V. V.
ӟ Ⴉ൜ Б Ӈϒ ק
Num. V. N. N. Adv. V.
19 17 16 16 13 14
ᗧס ჲ
ᗧס ჲ
Adj. Adj. V. N.
ten thousand to forget Internet, network (in) former years totally, entirely to put somebody to great inconvenience feel wronged stable to misunderstand misunderstanding
xi`ng xi`ngf` xiàngmù
ᛪ ๑ٲ ά
ᛪ ๑ٲ ά
V. N. N.
16 20 18
xiVngxìn xi`nshì xiàsb xiàz`i xiadào xiaf` xXlìxXlì
ߺ۬ ΰ ᐃЫ ʮཷ ᅸཾ ᅸٲ େᗓେᗓ
ߺ۬ ΰ ᐃЫ ʮཷ ᅸཾ ᅸٲ େᗓେᗓ
V. V. V.C. V. V. N.
xXngfèn xìngyùn xìngzhì xXnqíng xXnshì
፹ይ ོ ؒቴ ̖ ̖ձ
፹ይ ོ ؒቴ ̖ ̖ձ
Adj. Adj. N. N. N.
xìnxX
۬ऀ
۬ऀ
N.
to make a sound, ring idea, thought project (a project is called ࡎഫ)ࡎ࿒*!in Taiwan) to believe, to be sure to show, display to be scared to death to download to write style of writing, format onomatopoeia (e.g. the patter of rain, water) excited lucky characteristic, quality, nature mood something weighing on one’s mind information, message
11 13 17 16 11
W wàn wàngjì w`ngluò w`ngnián wánquán waiqZ
wandìng wùhuì
19 14
X
17 14 11 17 14 17 14 20 19 17 13 13 17
A60
Pinyin Glossary
xiZ(kè) xiZg`i
)* ӽ
)* ӽ
xiZy`ng xuéfèi xuéshWnghuì xuéwèi xuéwèn
τኴ ደ ደΡ ደѝ ደੰ
τኴ ደ ደΡ ደѝ ደੰ
yVoqiú
ࡌԑ
ࡌԑ
yèwù yb . . . wéiróng yXliáo ybmi`n yXncb ybngxi`ng
ਜ਼ ̾//////ߏး ᖂᑛ ̾ѻ ϰЪ ᆇᛪ
ਜ਼ ̾//////ߏး ᖂᑛ ̾ѻ ϰЪ ᆇᛪ
yìngyòng
ᐖ
ᐖ
yXnyuèhuì ybwéi ybxià yònggYng yònglì yòu yóuyú yóuyù ycuxiàn ycuyì yù yuángYng yuánliàng
ࡱᇅ ̾ߏ ̾ʮ ͒ ʨ ʬ Υػ ങᎣ Фࡩ ̄ ྄ ࢷˎ ࢨቘ
ࡱᇅ ̾ߏ ̾ʮ ͒ ʨ ʬ Υػ ങᎣ Фࡩ ̄ ྄ ࢷˎ ࢨቘ
yuèfèn ydqí . . . bùrú
̢ϋ Ⴤ֏////// ! ˚Ѓ//////
̢ϋ Ⴤ֏////// ! ˚Ѓ//////
ϵ̽ ᑸ О̠શಈ
ϵ̽ ᑸ О̠શಈ
V. V. N. V. N. N. N. N.
to study, take (a class) to revise revision to recuperate tuition student committee academic degree knowledge, scholarship
V. N. N.
to require requirement business to be proud of medical treatment lest, so that . . . not therefore to influence influence to apply application concert to think, consider below, the following hard-working, studious to exert one’s strength again due to, because of to hesitate limited friendship to meet with employee to excuse, forgive forgiveness (a certain) month rather than
19 17 11 19 18 18 16
Y
N. Conj. Conj. V. N. V. N. N. V. N. Adj. V.O. Adv. Conj. V. Adj. N. V. N. V. N. N. Conj.
17 18 16 19 20 12 18 16 14 11 14 16 15 13 12 19 17 12 15 18 13 18 20
Z zàihu zVo z`orìkVngfù
V. Adj.
to care about, mind 14 in a terrible state, chaotic 12 get well soon, speedy recovery 11
Pinyin Glossary
zanmeg`ode
ݩᅄڟ
ݩᅄڟ
zhàogu
ັ᛫
ັ᛫
V.
zháojí zhVopìn zhèngmíng
ൿݨ أ༒ ᘌق
rݨ أ༒ ᘌق
zhangtiVn zhbh`o zhíjiW zhXyX zhìyú zhòngdi`n zhYngxXn zhd zhuàn zhuVnxXn zhuVnyè zhuVzhù zhùhè
ጌ̈ ͫЁ ڢ ˞ʙ эػ ࡧᔈ ˛̖ ഔ ᓈ ટ̖ ટ Ӻў ঢඳ
ጌ̈ ͫЁ ڢ ˞ʙ эػ ࡧᔈ ˛̖ ഔ ᓈ ટ̖ ટ Ӻў ঢඳ
V. V. V. N. N. Adv. Adv.
zhdnshí zhdrèn zhdtí zhdxí zhdxiZ zhùyuàn zìcóng zXxún
ລढ ̺ψ ̺ᖠ ࣰ̺ ̺ ў ьૃ ܘཚ
ລढ ̺ψ ̺ᖠ ࣰ̺ ̺ ў ьૃ ܘཚ
zbzbxìxì zcngzhX zucyòu zdzhX
̀̀ ᒂ˞ ;͡ ᕑ
̀̀ ᒂ˞ ;͡ ᕑ
Prep. N. N. V. V. V. N. V.C. V. N. Adj. N. N. N. N. V.O. Prep. V. N. Adj. Conj. V. N.
what’s wrong, what’s the matter to look after, give consideration to to worry, feel anxious to hire to prove, certify proof, certificate the whole day have to (no choice) directly one of as for, as to focus, major point center to cook to earn or make (money) to concentrate on major subject to catch to congratulate congratulations on time director subject chairman major to be hospitalized since to consult consultation very carefully in a word, in short, in brief more or less to organize organization
A61
13 11 14 17 12 12 12 17 18 12 17 17 12 19 13 18 13 19 14 18 15 18 18 11 14 18 17 15 18 18
A62
English Glossary
ߜʼॗʵ ߜʼॗʵ
ENGLISH GLOSSARY
Each entry lists the English meaning, traditional character, simplified character, Pinyin, part of speech, and lesson number.
A a moment ago, just now absence absent academic degree accident (to have one), meet with a mishap accompany acute adjust adjustment admire admittedly, though of course adversity, misfortune advice, recommendation advise, recommend affected by, experience after all again ah!, gosh!, oh dear! all, every all over allowance although amateur, enthusiast, fan ambulance annual salary apologize appendicitis application apply arrange arrangement as for, as to ask for leave aspire, improve
ࢤࢤ ীࣰ ীࣰ ደѝ ͎ձ
ࢤࢤ ীࣰ ীࣰ ደѝ ͎ձ
gVnggVng quWxí quWxí xuéwèi chZshì
Adv. N. V.O. N. V.O.
13 12 12 18 14
గ ؒݨ ቡጌ ቡጌ փو ־ഓ ˚ ݚᚊ ݚᚊ ๐֧ Հత ʬ ܙҢ ʳސ ྇ ངථ ዑ႓ ๒Ёڱ ૿ᛖՙ Бᒠ ཾ၇ ڡ༗ڇ )ᓱӎ*ڇ ᐖ ᐖ Њ Њ эػ ቜ ʰ
గ ؒݨ ቡጌ ቡጌ փو ־ഓ ˚ ݚᚊ ݚᚊ ๐֧ Հత ʬ ܙҢ ʳސ ྇ ངථ ዑ႓ ๒Ёڱ ૿ᛖՙ Бᒠ ཾ၇ ڡ༗ڇ )ᓱӎ*ڇ ᐖ ᐖ Њ Њ эػ ቜ ʰ
péi jíxìng tiáozhang tiáozhang pèifú gùrán búxìng jiànyì jiànyì g`nshòu jiZjìng yòu Viya fánshì biàn bdtiW jbngu`n àihàozha jiùhùchW niánxXn dàoqiàn mángchángyán (lánwaiyán) yìngyòng yìngyòng Vnpái Vnpái zhìyú qbngjià shàngjìn
V. N. V. N. V. Conj. N. N. V. V. Adv. Adv. Int. Adv. Adj. N. Conj. N. N. N. V.O. N.
13 11 17 17 16 19 12 13 13 14 19 13 12 18 15 19 18 15 11 19 13 11
N. V. V. N. Prep. V.O. Adj.
16 16 17 17 12 11 16
English Glossary
at last, finally, after all (used in an interrogative sentence to indicate an attempt to get to the bottom of the matter) attend school, read avail oneself of average award award away from home
A63
֗
֗
dàodb
Adv.
11
ර ү ᇩ ᇩ ͎۞ϵʹ
ර ү ᇩ ᇩ ͎۞ϵʹ
dú chèn píngjZn jiVji`ng jiVji`ng chZménzàiwài
V. Prep. Adj. N. V.
16 16 18 18 18 12
ԑ ߺ۬ Ո˅ ̾ʮ ਸ਼ʟ//////̾ʹ ಎЫ ʰͧ ދ//////ʬ////// ˅׳ ੦ਜ਼ ਜ਼ ܓ ഓф
ԑ ߺ۬ Ո˅ ̾ʮ ਸ਼ʟ//////̾ʹ ಎЫ ʰͧ ދ//////ʬ////// ˅׳ ੦ਜ਼ ਜ਼ ܓ ഓф
qiú xiVngxìn dùzi ybxià chúle . . . ybwài mWnsb shàngsX jì . . . yòu . . . tiazi shVngwù yèwù què rán’ér
V. V. N. N. Conj. V.C. N. Conj. N. N. N. Adv. Conj.
15 17 11 14 18 12 19 14 15 18 18 15 15
̩ോ ˚௩๑ ˚ʟ ๆ ՙႌ ϵ̽ ౷˛̖ ࣤ Ӻў ബ ձ ˛̖ ࣰ̺ ӽ
̩ോ ˚௩๑ ˚ʟ ๆ ՙႌ ϵ̽ ౷˛̖ ࣤ Ӻў ബ ձ ˛̖ ࣰ̺ ӽ
máobb bùkVnshèxi`ng dòngbuli`o nénggàn chWhuò zàihu jiùyè zhYngxXn kVizh`n zhuVzhù fVn shìyè zhYngxXn zhdxí g`i
N.
16 12 13 17 13 14 17 18 13 16 16 17 18 13
B beg, seek believe, to be sure belly below, the following besides, except (for) bored, extremely so boss, supervisor both . . . and, as well as brief note business business but, yet, however but, yet, however
C calligraphy brush cannot bear to think about it cannot move capable car accident care about, mind career center carry on catch cause (measure word) cause, undertaking, enterprise center chairman change, revise
Adj. N. V. N. V. V.C. M.W. N. N. N. V.
A64
English Glossary
characteristic, quality, nature chat chat room check, examine choose clear common saying, proverb communicate communication compact disc compensate compete competition complain complicated, complex concentrate on concern concerned about concert condition congratulate congratulate congratulations consequence, aftermath consider consideration consult consultation contact continue control, mind conveniently, in passing cook crackle of firecracker, burst of gunfire (onomatopoeia word)
ؒቴ ம̈݉ ᐮޥ ޅᎵ ଼ ۹བྷ ຜ ຜ ώႅ ངථ ᙯڌ ᙯڌ ݪز ቒᖕ ટ̖ ᘰ̖ ᘰ̖ ࡱᇅ ϴԏ ࣾ ঢඳ ঢඳ َݣ уᆌ уᆌ ܘཚ ܘཚ ᒒ൜ ᙷᛉ ႓ ۯ ഔ ᅒը੧੨
ؒቴ ம̈݉ ᐮޥ ޅᎵ ଼ ۹བྷ ຜ ຜ ώႅ ངථ ᙯڌ ᙯڌ ݪز ቒᖕ ટ̖ ᘰ̖ ᘰ̖ ࡱᇅ ϴԏ ࣾ ঢඳ ঢඳ َݣ уᆌ уᆌ ܘཚ ܘཚ ᒒ൜ ᙷᛉ ႓ ۯ ഔ ᅒը੧੨
xìngzhì tántan liáotiVnshì ji`nchá tiVoxu`n qXngchd súhuà gYutYng gYutYng guVngdié bdtiW jìngzhWng jìngzhWng bàoyuàn fùzá zhuVnxXn guVnxXn guVnxXn yXnyuèhuì dìbù gYngxb zhùhè zhùhè hòuguc k`oll k`oll zXxún zXxún liánluò jìxù gu`n shùnbiàn zhd pXli pVlV
N. V. N. V. V. Adj. N. V. N. N. V. V. N. V. Adj. V. N. V. N. N. V. V. N. N. V. N. V. N. V. V. V. Adv. V. Int.
ಸ Ԛ̖ ̩ॾ ش Ԛ̖ വ
ಸ Ԛ̖ ̩ॾ ش Ԛ̖ വ
g`n juéxXn máobìng tuY juéxXn kVifV
V. V. N. V. N. V.
17 13 14 12 20 14 12 14 14 15 19 19 19 13 17 13 11 11 14 12 12 19 19 12 17, 19 19 18 18 15 16 11 12 12 14
D dare determined to defect, shortcoming, trouble delay, pull, drag determination, resolution develop
11 16 14 11 16 18
English Glossary
dialogue digital camera directly director discharged from the hospital dispatch (letters, etc.) disappointed disturb doorbell download due to, because of
A65
ဇབྷ ᆵሆߺጠ )ᆵѝߺጠ* ڢ ̺ψ ͎
ဇབྷ ᆵሆߺጠ )ᆵѝߺጠ* ڢ ̺ψ ͎
duìhuà shùm`xiàngjX (shùwèi xiàngjX) zhíjiW zhdrèn chZyuàn
N. N.
14 13
Adv. N. V.O.
17 18 12
വਚ Ͷଖ Έᔙ ۞ྛ ʮཷ Υػ
വਚ Ͷଖ Έᔙ ۞ྛ ʮཷ Υػ
fVsòng shXwàng d`r`o ménlíng xiàz`i yóuyú
V. Adj. V. N. V. Conj.
15 14 16 16 17 12
ᓈ ࣠ؾ ༄ᐼደ ݨඨ݉ ๐֧ ࢷˎ ౷ ൖԂ ૃ੦ ᑗ ҉պ ࢺؐ ᐮޥ ᐮޥ ፹ይ ࢨቘ ʨ ͎ʿ ೈݟ ༄ ୋԙԙ
ᓈ ࣠ؾ ༄ᐼደ ݨඨ݉ ๐֧ ࢷˎ ౷ ൖԂ ૃ੦ ᑗ ҉պ ࢺؐ ᐮޥ ᐮޥ ፹ይ ࢨቘ ʨ ͎ʿ ೈݟ ༄ ୋԙԙ
zhuàn róngyì jXngjìxué jízhanshì g`nshòu yuángYng jiùyè jiéshù cóngshVng huánjìng jíshb n`pà ji`nchá ji`nchá xXngfèn yuánliàng yònglì chZkcu qXdài jXngyàn lèiy`nwVngwVng
V. Adj. N. N. N. N. N. V. V. N. Conj. Conj. V. N. Adj. V. V.O. N. V. N.
19 13 16 11 14 18 17 11 18 19 20 18 12 12 20 13 15 13 16 16 14
ࣜʡ ̮Δ ؐ ᘲ྆
ࣜʡ ̮Δ ؐ ᘲ྆
jiVrén fùmd pà nánguò
N. N. V. Adj.
11 11 11 14
E earn or make (money) easy economics emergency room emotional feeling employee employment end, finish engage in business environment, surroundings even if even if examine examination, checkup excited excuse, forgive exert one’s strength exit expect, await experience (eyes) brimming with tears
F family members father and mother fear, be afraid of feel sorry, feel sad
A66
English Glossary
feel wronged fight for finance first of all flop, thump, splash, pit-a-pat (onomatopoeia word) focus, major point force forget forgiveness form frequency of action; matters (spoken form) friendship from now on; in the future future
ק ይਾ ۜᎊ ࡶϑ ᆢᆢ
ק ይਾ ۜᎊ ࡶϑ ᆢᆢ
waiqZ fèndòu jXnróng shcuxiVn pZtYngpZtYng
Adj. V. N. Adv.
14 20 19 17 14
ࡧᔈ ཱྀ ӟ ࢨቘ ےि ϱ
ࡧᔈ ཱྀ ӟ ࢨቘ ےि ϱ
zhòngdi`n bX wàngjì yuánliàng bi`ogé huí
N. V. V. N. N. M.W.
17 13 17 13 17 11
̄ ˬݣ ઠվ
̄ ˬݣ ઠվ
ycuyì jXnhòu jiVnglái
N. N. N.
12 20 16
લ О̠શಈ ᎗ ᄄዲ
લ О̠શಈ ᎗ ᄄዲ
píngcháng z`orìkVngfù cVnmóu fdd`o
Adv. V. V.
14 11 20 12
͎࣯ ʰͿ
͎࣯ ʰͿ
chZchVi shàngshì
V.O. V.
18 18
྆ άᆿ ۜ Б Йᑼ ܉ఊഒු
྆ άᆿ ۜ Б Йᑼ ܉ఊഒු
tYngguò mùbiVo jXn niánjí chéngjì/chéngjX qiántúwúliàng
V. N. N. N. N.
13 20 19 16 18 16
͒ ᎊ߁ ૮ ࣛ Нᗦ ጠʙ ̙
͒ ᎊ߁ ૮ ࣛ Нᗦ ጠʙ ̙
yònggYng róngqià guà hài shYuhuò língjXyídòng dòng shcushù
Adj. Adj. V. V. N. V. V.O.
16 19 13 12 20 14 11
G generally, usually get well soon, speedy recovery give advice give guidance in studying, coach go on a business trip go public, to list on the market go through goal gold grade grade, score, result, success great expectations
H hard-working, studious harmonious hang up (telephone) harm, cause trouble for harvest, achievement have a sudden inspiration have a surgical operation
English Glossary
A67
ͫЁ ۨ//////˚͟ ᐓ҅ ᐓ҅ ങᎣ ఀ˴ أ༒ ў ЃѤ ഓф
ͫЁ ۨ//////˚͟ ᐓ҅ ᐓ҅ ങᎣ ఀ˴ أ༒ ў ЃѤ ഓф
zhbh`o fWi . . . bùka bVngzhù bVngzhù yóuyù gVosù gYnglù zhVopìn zhùyuàn rúhé rán’ér
Adv. N. V. V. N. V. V.O. Pron. Conj.
12 16 12 12 19 13 17 11 17 15
I am afraid that . . . idea, thought ideal improve in a hurry
ࣼؐ ๑ٲ ୩๑ ʰ ͔͔ДД
ࣼؐ ๑ٲ ୩๑ ʰ ͔͔ДД
Adv. N. N. Adj. Adv.
17 20 20 16 13
in a hurry, hurriedly in a terrible state, chaotic in a word, in short, in brief (in) former years in progress in the first place, originally include, comprise indeed indeed, really influence influence information, message instead, on the contrary insurance intelligent, sensible Internet, network Isn’t it true . . . it doesn’t matter, it’s not serious it so happened that, just
ݨݨДД ᑸ ᒂ˞ Б ї ໋ۑ ͓ނ ဂϵ ሂဂ ᆇᛪ ᆇᛪ ۬ऀ ̆ф ۳Ꮞ ᐗձ Ⴉ൜ ᘲཾ ˚ࡌႧ
ݨݨДД ᑸ ᒂ˞ Б ї ໋ۑ ͓ނ ဂϵ ሂဂ ᆇᛪ ᆇᛪ ۬ऀ ̆ф ۳Ꮞ ᐗձ Ⴉ൜ ᘲཾ ˚ࡌႧ
kcngpà xi`ngf` lbxi`ng shàngjìn cYngcYng mángmáng jíjímángmáng zVo zcngzhX w`ngnián jìnxíng dVngchZ bVokuò shízài quèshí ybngxi`ng ybngxi`ng xìnxX f`n’ér b`oxi`n dcngshì w`ngluò nándào búyàojbn
Adj. Adj. Conj. N. V.
14 12 15 16 11 12 16 14 19 18 18 17 15 12 16 16 17 11
ࢤЁ
ࢤЁ
gVngh`o
Adv.
ͣዝ
ͣዝ
dXngdVng
tiào
have to (no choice) have to, must help help hesitate highway hire hospitalized how however, yet, but
I
V. Adv. Adv. N. V. N. Adv. N. Adj. N. Adv.
11
J jingle (of a bell) (onomatopoeia word) jump, leap, bounce
16 V.
14
A68
English Glossary
K keep up with, emulate know, understand knowledge, scholarship
ᅆ ʟཌ ደੰ
ᅆ ʟཌ ደੰ
kànqí li`ojia xuéwèn
V. V. N.
16 18 16
˃ු Ꮆ֗ ኬ ᒿࣴ ̾ѻ ႗ʟґ ኂ Фࡩ ັ᛫
˃ු Ꮆ֗ ኬ ᒿࣴ ̾ѻ ႗ʟґ ኂ Фࡩ ັ᛫
dàliàng chídào kào ji`ngzuò ybmi`n suànleba fWng t`ng ycuxiàn zhàogu
N. V. V. N. Conj. M.W. V. Adj. V.
18 13 12 17 20 12 14 12 17 11
ོ
ོ
xìngyùn
Adj.
19
ႄળ ̺ ટ ᛪ ͑ٶ
ႄળ ̺ ટ ᛪ ͑ٶ
cídài zhdxiZ zhuVnyè xi`ng jiVyóu
N. N. N. V. V.O.
15 18 18 16 16
ࠏ͎ պ ַЁ ངу Ϳ ႈˁ ձ ϱ
ࠏ͎ պ ַЁ ངу Ϳ ႈˁ ձ ϱ
tZchZ shb héh`o bdk`o shìch`ng shuòshì shìqíng huí
V. V. V. N. N. N. N. M.W.
17 13 15 12 19 16 11 11
ླ
ླ
dùn
M.W.
11
ᖂᑛ ྄ ͎ձ
ᖂᑛ ྄ ͎ձ
yXliáo yù chZshì
N. V. V.O.
19 15 14
L large quantity late lean against, depend on lecture lest, so that . . . not let it be, just forget it letters (measure word) lie, recline limited look after, give consideration to lucky
M (magnetic) tape major major subject make a sound, ring make an extra effort, “Go! Go!” make conspicuous make, cause make up (after a fight) make-up test market master matter matters (spoken form); frequency of action (measure word) meals or scolds (measure word) medical treatment meet with meet with a mishap, have an accident
English Glossary
mention military advisor mind, control minor misunderstand misunderstanding modest month (a certain) mood more or less move, touch (emotions)
A69
ಪਔ ᎗ ႓ ਖ਼ ჲ ჲ ᒾඎ ̢ϋ ̖ ;͡ ๐
ಪਔ ᎗ ႓ ਖ਼ ჲ ჲ ᒾඎ ̢ϋ ̖ ;͡ ๐
tíqb cVnmóu gu`n fùxiZ wùhuì wùhuì qiVnxZ yuèfèn xXnqíng zucyòu g`ndòng
V. N. V. N. V. N. Adj. N. N.
Ⴇ ֧˚ʟ ԁѿჳ ڣ ދഓ ᛖˁ
Ⴇ ֧˚ʟ ԁѿჳ ڣ ދഓ ᛖˁ
jbnzhVng shòubuli`o gèngbiéshuY tYngzhX jìrán hùshì
Adj. Adj.
ϣᆺ ລढ Јढ ೆ༄ ˞ʙ ʿ
ϣᆺ ລढ Јढ ೆ༄ ˞ʙ ʿ
tóngyàng zhdnshí shcushí céngjXng zhXyX kVikcu
Adj. Adj. V. Adv. V.O.
15 14 13 18 18 14
̙݉ ˚ഓ ᕑ ᕑ ࠏ͎
̙݉ ˚ഓ ᕑ ᕑ ࠏ͎
shcushùshì bùrán zdzhX zdzhX tZchZ
N. Conj. V. N. Adj.
11 12 18 18 17
bèi
Prep.
11
େᗓେᗓ
େᗓେᗓ
xXlìxXlì
୩
୩
lb
V.
16 20 11 18 14 14 19 18 13 18 14
N nervous not be able to bear not to mention notify, inform now that nurse
V. Conj. N.
20 11 20 11 20 11
O of the same on time on time once one of open one’s mouth, start to talk operating room or else, otherwise, if not organize organization outstanding
P passive sentence preposition (introduces agent) patter of rain, water (onomatopoeia word) pay attention to, show interest in
14 V.
14
A70
English Glossary
perform or have an operation (spoken form) (take) pity on, feel sorry for pledge, guarantee, assure police precious prevalent, popular principle, argument process professor prohibit, ban project (a project is called ! ࡎഫ)ࡎ࿒*!in Taiwan) proof, certificate prosperous proud of prove, certify provide purchase pursue the study of push put someone to great inconvenience
ʦ
ʦ
kVidVo
V.O.
11
͟ᆕ ۳ᘌ ᚌဆ ᙘප ї ཾ୩ ༄྆ ̥ ά
͟ᆕ ۳ᘌ ᚌဆ ᙘප ї ཾ୩ ༄྆ ̥ ά
kalián b`ozhèng jbngchá b`oguì liúxíng dàolb jXngguò jiàoshòu jìnzhb xiàngmù
V. V. N. Adj. Adj. N. N. N. V. N.
11 14 13 16 15 16 11 16 13 18
ᘌق ುॉ ̾//////ߏး ᘌق ಪռ ᓊ Ӿ ૰ ק
ᘌق ುॉ ̾//////ߏး ᘌق ಪռ ᓊ Ӿ ૰ ק
zhèngmíng jbngqì yb . . . wéiróng zhèngmíng tígYng gòu gYngdú tuX waiqZ
N. Adj. V. V. V. V. N. V.
12 19 16 12 18 15 20 11 14
ନχ Ҟޜ ੨
ନχ Ҟޜ ੨
tiáojiàn ch`ojià la
N. V.O. Int.
17 13 12
bèi
N.
11
Ⴤ֏////// ! ˚Ѓ////// Нχ ૰ᕨ۬ ݮಈ τኴ ϱ๑
Ⴤ֏////// ! ˚Ѓ////// Нχ ૰ᕨ۬ ݮಈ τኴ ϱ๑
yúqí . . . bùrú
Conj.
20
dú shYujiàn tuXjiànxìn huXfù xiZy`ng huíxi`ng tbhuì
V. V.O. N. V. V. V. V.
16 15 17 12 11 20 20
Q qualifications quarrel questioning (used at the end of a sentence) quilt
R rather than read, attend school receive mail recommendation letter recover recuperate reflect on, recall reflect upon
English Glossary
reflections, things one has realized/learned refuse, reject regard as, treat as regret related to . . . , connected with . . . reply, return require requirement research paper, thesis result résumé, curriculum vitae (C.V.) retire return return merchandise return, reply revise revision rice bowl ring, make a sound run around run into
A71
tbhuì
N.
20
آ൘ ໋ ݣअ //////Фᘰ
آ൘ ໋ ݣअ //////Фᘰ
jùjué dàng hòuhub gWn . . . ycuguVn
V. V. V.
17 16 12 20
ϱ ࡌԑ ࡌԑ ባ̜ ൖَ ᕏጣ ਝτ ᓙ ਝ௲ ϱ ӽ ӽ ᛪ คව ֗
ϱ ࡌԑ ࡌԑ ባ̜ ൖَ ᕏጣ ਝτ ᓙ ਝ௲ ϱ ӽ ӽ ᛪ คව ֗
huí yVoqiZ yVoqiZ lùnwén jiéguc ji`nlì tuìxiZ huán tuìhuò huí xiZg`i xiZg`i fànw`n xi`ng luànp`o pèngdào
V. V. N. N. N. N. V. V. V.O. V. V. N. N. V. V. V.C.
11 17 17 18 13 17 16 15 13 11 17 17 19 16 12 13
ฌ̖ ЊϠ ˎཥ ྄ݟ ჳᒐ ᐃЫ ࠋደ ሪ ླ ষ
ฌ̖ ЊϠ ˎཥ ྄ݟ ჳᒐ ᐃЫ ࠋደ ሪ ླ ষ
shVngxXn VnwWi gYngzX dàiyù shuYshWng xiàsb kWxué mà dùn sYusuc duàn
Adj. N. N. N. V.O. V.C. N. V. M.W. V. M.W.
14 14 19 19 14 11 18 11 11 15 12
വχ Й౷๐ ᅗࣛ ڸ ΰ ࢸ
വχ Й౷๐ ᅗࣛ ڸ ΰ ࢸ
fVjiàn chéngjiùg`n lìhai lùjiVn xi`nshì ài
V.O. N. Adj. N. V. Int.
15 16 11 13 14 11
S sad, aggrieved, broken-hearted safety and danger, safety salary salary and benefits say one word scared to death science scold (a) scolding (measure word) search for section, segment (measure word) send mail sense of achievement severe shoulder (of a road) show, display sigh of sadness or regret
A72
English Glossary
sighing (used at end of a sentence) since situation smart smoothly so, thus software solve something weighing on one’s mind song (be in a) sorry situation sound speedily stable starting salary stay stock stop, quit it, cut it out student committee study, take (a class) subject suffer losses, come to grief
੨
੨
la
Int.
12
ьૃ ٷ ᒑق ҁ ЃЪ ௺χ ཌԚ ̖ձ
ьૃ ٷ ᒑق ҁ ЃЪ ௺χ ཌԚ ̖ձ
zìcóng qíngkuàng cYngmíng shùnlì rúcb ru`njiàn jiajué xXnshì
Prep. N. Adj. Adv.
14 11 17 11 12 18 12 13
၈ ͟ᆕ ᒐ ᄂӤ ᗧס ਔᒠ ݟ ڶϋ ̍վ ደΡ )* ̺ᖠ Ϭᒫ
၈ ͟ᆕ ᒐ ᄂӤ ᗧס ਔᒠ ݟ ڶϋ ̍վ ደΡ )* ̺ᖠ Ϭᒫ
gW kalián shWng g`nkuài wandìng qbxXn dVi gdfèn sh`olái xuéshWnghuì xiZ(kè) zhdtí chXkuX
N. Adj. N. Adv. Adj. N. V. N.
ጊψ ᒿ Ꮓࡱጠ प Ӭ κ̈́ ˚ፎѱჳ
ጊψ ᒿ Ꮓࡱጠ प Ӭ κ̈́ ˚ፎѱჳ
dVnrèn ji`ng lùyXnjX jiVoshZ jìshù jiVodài bùmánnbshuY
V. V. N. V.O. N. V.
18 16 15 16 18 13 14
ፑማ ൮ॉ ൎᓂ ϻᒫ ໋ढ ѤΆ ϰЪ ̾ߏ
ፑማ ൮ॉ ൎᓂ ϻᒫ ໋ढ ѤΆ ϰЪ ̾ߏ
móliàn píqì wàn dáxiè duYkuX dVngshí hébì yXncb ybwéi
V. N. Num. V.
16 13 19 12 12 20 12 12 11
N. V. N.
N. V. N. V.O.
15 11 13 17 19 19 12 19 14 18 19 15 13
T take the position of talk tape recorder teach technology tell, explain, make clear tell you the truth, (ፎ to hide the truth from) temper oneself temperament ten thousand thank thanks to, luckily then, at that time there is no need therefore think, consider
Adv. Conj. V.
English Glossary
tick, ticktock (onomatopoeia word) ticket, citation totally, entirely traffic jam tray, plate, dish tray-shaped items, e.g., cassette tapes (measure word) trips (measure word) trouble someone troublesome try one’s luck tuition twist, entangle
A73
၎ൎ၎ൎ
၎ൎ၎ൎ
dXdVdXdV
Ⴔ Ӈϒ ฬՙ ᇺ ᇺ
Ⴔ Ӈϒ ฬՙ ᇺ ᇺ
fádVn wánquán sVichW pán pán
N. Adv. N. N. M.W.
13 13 13 15 15
ቷ బຮ బຮ ོॉ ደ ൕ
ቷ బຮ బຮ ོॉ ደ ൕ
tàng máfan máfan pèngyùnqi xuéfèi ji`o
M.W. V. Adj. N. V.
12 12 12 13 19 15
Ӣ˚ў
Ӣ˚ў
ranbuzhù
V.
14
୩ཌ ᐗ ቘཌ
୩ཌ ᐗ ቘཌ
lbjia dcng liàngjia
V. V. V.
14 16 14
྆ᇩ
྆ᇩ
guòji`ng
V.
16
ࢇຎ ซ
ࢇካ ซ
d`oméi cuX
Adj. V.
12 13
̀̀
̀̀
zbzbxìxì
Adj.
17
ݟ ॾؘ ݟʡ̶
ݟ ॾؘ ݟʡ̶
dangdài bìngfáng dàirénchdshì
V. N.
20 11 16
ࢶ ႋҁ ؚደڟ ݩᅄڟ
ࢶ ႋҁ ؚደڟ ݩᅄڟ
kZ fúlì sucxuéde zanmeg`ode
V. N. N.
14 19 16 13
14
U unable to bear, cannot help (doing something) understand, comprehend understand, grasp understand, make allowances for to give undeserved compliment unlucky urge
V very carefully
W wait ward (of a hospital) way one acts with others and conducts oneself in public weep, cry welfare, benefit what has been learned what’s wrong, what’s the matter
A74
English Glossary
whether or not, whether, if whole day willing to wish wordy, over-elaborate worry, feel anxious worry, feel anxious would rather . . . than write writing, format
ސҏ ጌ̈ ᇅ๎ Ѯᘹ કક ൿݨ ጊ̖ ᘹ ᅸཾ ᅸٲ
ސҏ ጌ̈ ᇅ๎ Ѯᘹ કક rݨ ጊ̖ ᘹ ᅸཾ ᅸٲ
shìfcu zhangtiVn lèyì dànyuàn pópomVmV zháojí dVnxXn nìngyuàn xiadào xiaf`
Conj. N. V. V. V. V. Conj. V. N.
14 12 17 17 19 14 11 19 14 17
ഓф
ഓф
rán’ér
Conj.
15
Y yet, but, however
Characters in the Character Book
A75
ᄘΥᖉ́ؿΥ ᄘΥᖉ́ؿΥ CHARACTERS IN THE CHARACTER BOOK The following list shows the 263 characters that appear in the Character Book, grouped by the lesson in which they are first introduced. Students are required to memorize how to read and write these key characters to build up their literacy skills. The items and number of new characters introduced in each lesson are carefully selected and controlled, and are provided in the list.
ᐥΥ خTraditional Character Version (11) Ɋȹᇾ ᗐʶˢɁ (36 characters)
!᛫!!ࢸ!Ո!႓!!شᅗ!ࣛ!ࢤ!!૿!ٷᛖ!!ݨඨ!ؒ!!ڡ༗!!ڇ!ᐃ!ጊ!!ˁ!૰! ኴ!!ؐ!ಸ!ൖ!Ԃ!Ⴇ!ሪ!ླ!ᆕ!̮ (12) Ɋɀᇾ ᑢው (37 characters)
Υ!ཌ!ൎ!ഔ!ࣾ!!ݮ੨!!ค!ව!!ݟኂ!ಎ!Ъ!Ѥ!!ۑᐮ!!ܙअ!ᒫ!ᑸ!!!௩!ቷ! బ!ຮ!Ꮞ!ী!ࣰ!ᄄ!ང!э!ຎ!۹!ኬ! (13) Ɋɍᇾ ࣩ́ (36 characters)
ซ!Ҟ!!ޜ!!ݚᚊ!!ʬ!ਝ!௲!గ!ટ!ఀ!ႌ!ฬ!!̥!պ!͔!ཱྀ!!ڸᚌ!ဆ!Ӻ!Ⴔ! Ꮆ!ᒐ!!ݪ!زЈ!൮!࣠!!ؾӽ!၇!ቘ (14) Ɋ̒ᇾ ౙʼੱٲ༠ (28 characters)
ᆢ!!!!ΰ!ம!ҏ!େ!ᗓ!ຜ!၎!Ӣ!ฌ!Ͷ!ࢶ!!ק!ୋ!ԙ!Ϡ!!ދፎ!଼!!ᅒ! ੧!̩!ࡱ (15) Ɋʄᇾ ࠑᅥ–నୌ (18 characters)
ԑ!ႄ!ᒒ!൜!!྄!ܓᏃ!ൕ!ʨ!̆!྇!ႅ!၈!!!ষ!ᓊ!׳ (16) Ɋʒᇾ ၤ۪ࡨ (30 characters)
!ර!ͣ!ዝ!ྛ!ᛪ!ಪ!!̶!ނᙘ!ᐗ!փ!ᅆ!ᙷ!ᛉ!!ᐼ!ႈ!!ઠ!ఊ!ഒ!ු!ᇩ!ᒿ! !ፑ!ബ!!ٶᔙ (17) Ɋȼᇾ ͇ᇼɮА (22 characters)
ᕏ!ቒ!ᖕ!ࡶ!ቴ!ቡ!ࠏ!!آ൘!̀!!!!أ༒!ि!ᕨ!ࣼ!ࡩ!ᆌ!ᒑ!ๆ!ᘹ
A76
Characters in the Character Book
(18) ɊɄᇾ ࠍᇹ (20 characters)
ψ!ࠋ!ϋ!!ܘཚ!௺!ռ!ዑ!ਸ਼!ਖ਼!ү!ᑼ!ೆ!!!ᕑ!ʳ!!ά!ባ (19) ɊȾᇾ ፕእɮА (25 characters)
!ᎊ!ᙯ!!ڌඳ!ᒾ!ඎ!ཥ!ᗧ!ᒠ!!!ڶક!త!ᑛ!ථ!ႋ!ങ!Ꭳ!!־ᑗ!!ሂ!߁!ᓈ (20) ɀɊᇾ ଓพ˞–܃నୌ (11 characters)
Ⴤ!҉!ይ!!ޅᎵ!᎗!ѻ!ᑕ!ਾ!ᆿ!Ӿ ᓯΥ خSimplified Character Version (11) Ɋȹᇾ ᗐʶˢɁ (36 characters)
!᛫!!ࢸ!Ո!႓!!شᅗ!ࣛ!ࢤ!!૿!ٷᛖ!!ݨඨ!ؒ!!ڡ༗!!ڇ!ᐃ!ጊ!!ˁ!૰! ኴ!!ؐ!ಸ!ൖ!Ԃ!Ⴇ!ሪ!ླ!ᆕ!̮ (12) Ɋɀᇾ ᑢው (37 characters)
Υ!ཌ!ൎ!ഔ!ࣾ!!ݮ੨!!ค!ව!!ݟኂ!ಎ!Ъ!Ѥ!!ۑᐮ!!ܙअ!ᒫ!ᑸ!!!௩!ቷ! బ!ຮ!Ꮞ!ী!ࣰ!ᄄ!ང!э!ካ!۹!ኬ! (13) Ɋɍᇾ ࣩ́ (36 characters)
ซ!Ҟ!!ޜ!!ݚᚊ!!ʬ!ਝ!௲!గ!ટ!ఀ!ႌ!ฬ!!̥!պ!͔!ཱྀ!!ڸᚌ!ဆ!Ӻ!Ⴔ! Ꮆ!ᒐ!!ݪ!زЈ!൮!࣠!!ؾӽ!၇!ቘ (14) Ɋ̒ᇾ ౙʼੱٲ༠ (28 characters)
ᆢ!!!!ΰ!ம!ҏ!େ!ᗓ!ຜ!၎!Ӣ!ฌ!Ͷ!ࢶ!!ק!ୋ!ԙ!Ϡ!!ދፎ!଼!!ᅒ! ੧!̩!ࡱ (15) Ɋʄᇾ ࠑᅥ–నୌ (18 characters)
ԑ!ႄ!ᒒ!൜!!྄!ܓᏃ!ൕ!ʨ!̆!྇!ႅ!၈!!!ষ!ᓊ!׳ (16) Ɋʒᇾ ၤ۪ࡨ (30 characters)
!ර!ͣ!ዝ!ྛ!ᛪ!ಪ!!̶!ނᙘ!ᐗ!փ!ᅆ!ᙷ!ᛉ!!ᐼ!ႈ!!ઠ!ఊ!ഒ!ු!ᇩ!ᒿ! !ፑ!ബ!!ٶᔙ (17) Ɋȼᇾ ͇ᇼɮА (22 characters)
ᕏ!ቒ!ᖕ!ࡶ!ቴ!ቡ!ࠏ!!آ൘!̀!!!!أ༒!ि!ᕨ!ࣼ!ࡩ!ᆌ!ᒑ!ๆ!ᘹ
Characters in the Character Book
A77
(18) ɊɄᇾ ࠍᇹ (20 characters)
ψ!ࠋ!ϋ!!ܘཚ!௺!ռ!ዑ!ਸ਼!ਖ਼!ү!ᑼ!ೆ!!!ᕑ!ʳ!!ά!ባ (19) ɊȾᇾ ፕእɮА (25 characters)
!ᎊ!ᙯ!!ڌඳ!ᒾ!ඎ!ཥ!ᗧ!ᒠ!!!ڶક!త!ᑛ!ථ!ႋ!ങ!Ꭳ!!־ᑗ!!ሂ!߁!ᓈ (20) ɀɊᇾ ଓพ˞–܃నୌ (11 characters)
Ⴤ!҉!ይ!!ޅᎵ!᎗!ѻ!ᑕ!ਾ!ᆿ!Ӿ